Supple - November, 2023

Group – A
Short Questions

01. a) Define nursing management.

Definition of Nursing Management: Nursing management is the process by which the nurse
managers forecast, plan, organize, coordinate and control the efforts of nursing personnel to
accomplish the organizational goals.
Or,
Nursing Management defined as “the process of working through nursing staff members to
provide care, cure and comfort to patients.”

b) Write down the functions of management.

Functions of management:

 Defining the objectives of an organization.

A. Functions of top level management:  Formulating the policies and making the plans.
 Setting up organizational structure.
 Controlling the operations of organization.
 Preparing organizational set up.
 Coordinate the efforts, with top managers and
supervisors.
 Give detailed instructions of operations.
B. Functions of middle level management:  Develop & train employees for functioning.
 Motivating the employees for higher
productivity & rewarding best performance.
 Collection of reports and information about
progress of work.
 Supervise and control employees functions.
 Plan the activities of the sanction.
C. Functions of lower level management:  Issue proper instructions & guide the workers.
 Provide on-the-job training to workers.
 Advice management about working environment.
 Solve problems of workers and maintain discipline.

02. a) Define administration.

Definition of Administration: “Administration is the organization and direction of human and

material resources to achieve desired ends.”
Or,
“Administration is the direction, co-ordination and control of many persons to achieve some
purposes or objective.”
b) Write down the differences between administration and management.

Differences between Management and Administration:

Areas of Difference Administration Management
1. Concerns, regarding the 1. Implements the policies and plans
1. Type of work determination of objectives and laid down by the administration.
major policies in an organization.
2. Type of Function 2. A determinative function 2. An executive function
3. Takes major decisions of the 3. Takes decisions within the
3. Scope
organization as a whole. framework set by administration.
4. Level of authority 4. A top-level activity. 4. A middle-level activity.
5. Consists of owners who invest & 5. Group of managerial personnel who
5. Nature of status receive profits from services. use specialized knowledge to fulfill
objectives of the organization.
6. Popular with government,
6. Nature of Usage military, educational and 6. Used in business enterprises.
religious organizations.
7. Decisions influenced by public 7. Decisions influenced by the values,
7. Decision making opinion, government policies, opinions & beliefs of the managers.
social & religious factors.
8. Planning and organizing 8. Motivating & controlling functions
8. Main functions
functions are involved. are involved.

03. a) Define supervision.

Definition of Supervision: “Supervision is an intervention that is provided by a supervisor of a

profession to other members of that same profession.”
Or,
“Supervision is an accountable process which supports, assures and develops the knowledge,
skills and values of an individual group of organization.”

b) State the important skills required for effective supervision.

Skills required for supervision: A lot of professional skills are required for supervision. According
to Olowoye (1989), these skills can be classified into eight major groups as stated below-
These include mastery of subject matter, teaching methods, improvisation,
 Pedagogical Skills presentation of content, preparation of lesson notes, lesson plans and units
etc.
 Evaluation Skills These include questioning, continuous assessment and examination skills
These include class control, punishment, use of rules and regulations and
 Disciplinary Skills maintenance of order.
 Motivational Skills Issues bordering on rewards and reinforcement are emphasized.
 Reportorial Skills Documentation of report card, class register, log book, attendance book etc.
These are skills on time management, good use of teaching aids, difficult
 Managerial Skills situation, and nurse’s behavior.
Creation of rapport, supervisor’s personality and general characteristics,
 Interactive Skills cooperation etc.
Possession of mathematical ability, statistical computation and
 Analytical Skills interpretation of data etc.
 Essay Questions

01. Describe the principles of management according to Henri Fayal’s.

Henry Fayol’s Principles of Administration or Management: There are 14 principles of

administration were identified by Henry Fayol as given below –
1. Division of work
2. Authority, responsibility and accountability
3. Discipline
4. Unity of command
5. Unity of direction
6. Subordination
7. Remuneration of personnel
8. Centralization
9. Scalar chain of command
10. Order
11. Equity
12. Stability of tenure of personnel
13. Initiative
14. Esprit de corps
 There should be division of work and task specialization. It
1. Division of Work allows familiarity of the work and specialization in the work
(allocated by experiences, skills).
 All managers and supervisors must be given power to
2. Authority command others.
 Having discipline in an organization is to make sure that
3. Discipline
there is harmony and no misunderstanding amongst staff.
4. Unity of Command  Each employee should receive orders from one superior only.
5. Unity of Direction  One person should direct all activities that support a single
objective.
6. Subordination of  i.e. the interest of the individual work, should be subordinated
individual interest to to the interest of the total work group.
general interest
 Proper remuneration and incentives to be given to all staff
7. Remuneration according to their level of performance by the management.
 Certain powers and functions reserved with top level
8. Centralization or authorities and other power and functions distributed to
Decentralization executives and co-executives, workers to some extent.
 There should be Hierarchy of authority extending from the
9. Scalar Chain top executive to the lowest level staff.
 There should be proper policies, rules and regulations to
10. Order maintain an orderly situation in the organization (placement
of men & materials should be properly made).
11. Equity  All staff should be treated with equity and justice.
 There should be prescribed tenure which is needed for all
12. Stability and Tenure employees.
 All staff and management should take proper initiation to
13. Initiative
achieve the objectives of the organization.
14. Esprit de corps (feelings  The group spirit and group morale can be cultivated among
of pride, care & support staff and employer to accomplish objectives.
for each other)
02. What do you mean by time management? Describe the benefits of time management in
patient’s care.

Definition of Time Management: Time management is the act or process of planning and exercising
conscious control over the amount of time spent on specific activities, especially to increase
effectiveness, efficiency or productivity.
Or,
Time management is making optimal use of what times a manager have.

Benefits of Time Management:

 Time management is necessary for professional stuff.
 To increase personal productivity and value.
 To accomplish unit goals timely and appropriate manner.
 To direct employees effectively.
 For effective management of resources
 To prevent periodic crisis.
 To achieving organizational goal in time.
 To perform the task within the given time.
 To increase productivity.
 To achieve expected goal
 To face duplication of work
 To increase the efficiency of a manager.

Group – B

Short Questions

01. a) What do you mean by planned change?

Planned change or developmental change: Planned change is the process of preparing the entire
organization, or a significant part of it, for new goals or a new direction.

b) Mention the key qualities of good nurse manager.

Qualities of a good nurse manager: Qualities of a good administrator are very important for
effective management of his/her organization. In order to be a successful administrator must possess/
certain qualities. These are as fallows –
 Sound physical and mental health.
 A good administrator should be professionally qualified and competent.
 Sense of responsibility.
 Ability to handle stresses.
 Courage and energetic.
 Empathy
 He /she should be diligent and realistic in his /her outlook.
 Intelligent
 Integrity and sincerity
 Ability to judge
 Objectivity
 Good communication skills
 Self-confidence and balance Self-awareness.
02. a) Define inventory management.

Definition of Inventory Management/Inventory Control: Inventory control is the process of

maintaining the optimum needed quantity that is sufficient for the smooth operation of the
organization.

b) Write down the principles of inventory management.

Principles of Inventory Management:

 Determination of where the reorder will be recorded.
 Determination of quantity to be ordered.

03. a) Define recording and reporting.

Definition of Records: “A record is a permanent written communication that documents information

relevant to a client’s health care management.
Or,
Records are administrative tools used to classify and prevent duplication of the information.

Definition of Reporting: “A report is a system of communication aimed at transferring essential

information necessary for safe and holistic patient care.”
Or,
“A report is a summary of activities or observations seen, performed or heard.”

b) Write down the importance of record keeping and reporting in your workplace.

Importance of record keeping & reporting : These are the purposes of record -
 Provides a scope of activities within the department.
 Ascertains whether the volume of work is increasing, decreasing or remaining the same.
 Allows, for an evaluation of programs.
 Provides for the coordination of activity.
 Contributes toward budget preparation.
 Furnishes content for educational experiences.
 Serves as basis for preserving information of historical significance.
 Draws attention to how well performance matches acknowledged standards so that corrective
adjustments can be made.
 Serves as a source for legal purposes.
 A record indicates plans for future.
 It provides baseline data to estimate the long-term changes related to services
 Essay Questions

01. Discuss the different leadership styles. Among those, which leadership style will you prefer in
ward management and why?

Types/Styles of Leadership: There are four types of leadership styles -

A. Autocratic style of leadership: Autocratic leadership is described as -
 Authoritarian leadership
 Directive leadership and the leader is referred to as
 Extreme form of ‘Director’
B. Democratic style of leadership: A democratic leadership is described as -
 Participative
 Consultative style of leadership
C. Laissez Faire style of leadership: Also known as -
 Permissive
 Free-rein
 Anarchic
 Ultraliberal style of leadership
D. Bureaucratic style of leadership:
 Which emphasis rules and regulation.

In ward management I also prefer democratic leadership style, because - Democratic leadership is
a type of leadership style in which members of the group take a more participative role in the decision-
making process.

Characteristics of Democratic Leadership:

 Group members are encouraged to share ideas and opinions, even decision-making process.
 Members of the group feel more engaged in the process.
 Creativity is encouraged and rewarded.
 Distribution of responsibility.
 Empowering group members.

02. Mention the causes and factors of conflicts. Briefly describe the strategies of conflict
management in your working environment.

Causes & factors of conflicts: Conflict can arise from a variety of sources. They can be classified
into two broad categories -
 Structural factors –
 Specialization - As the highly specialized people have little awareness of the tasks that others
perform, such a case leads to conflict among the specialists.
 Interdependence - Interdependence occurs when two or more groups depend on each other to
accomplish their tasks.
 Goal Differences - Sometimes different work groups having different goals have incompatible
goals. This created problem for the service department, its goal was timely installations.
 Personal factors -
 Skills and Abilities - Work force in an organization/department is composed of people with
varying levels of skills and abilities. Such diversity in skills and abilities leads to conflict,
especially when jobs are interdependent.
 Personalities - Personality causes individual differences. This creates conflict among them.
 Perception - Like personality, differences in perceptions can also lead to conflict. One in
which perceptions can differ may be the perception of what motivates employees.
 Values & Ethics - People also hold different beliefs and adhere to different value system.
 Emotion - The moods of the people can also be a source of conflict in the work place.
 Communication barriers - Communication barriers such as physical separation and language
can create distortions in messages and these turn can lead to conflict.

Ways to Manage Conflicts in Organization:

 Handle the conflict positively.
 Formation of official grievance procedure for all members.
 Concentrate on the causes rather than their effect, to assess conflicts.
 Parties to conflicts should be given an equal voice, irrespective of their position, term or
political influence.
 Active participation of all the parties to conflict can also help to counter it.