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Critical Thinking Problem Solving Decision Making 1 1

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23 views

Critical Thinking Problem Solving Decision Making 1 1

presentation

Uploaded by

Tahani Al-Dawsari
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Business Administration 3500

Professional
Development
Critical Thinking and Problem
Solving
REMINDERS

 Organizational Field Experience –


Overview and Goals Paper due by 5:00
p.m. on 10/22 by 5:00 p.m.
 Submit 1 copy on Blackboard / SafeAssign and
give one copy to your supervisor
 Additional assignment details can be found on
Blackboard under Course Content and in the
Syllabus

 Team Prospectus due 10/29 by 5:00 p.m.

 No lecture 10/29
CRITICAL THINKING: A
demonstrated understanding of a
situation by breaking it apart into
smaller pieces, or tracing the
implications of a situation in a
step-by-step process. Also
involved, is the ability to identify
patterns or connections between
situations that are not obviously
related, and to identify key or
underlying issues in complex
situations. This includes using
creative, innovative, conceptual
or inductive reasoning.

Decision Making:
The ability to use one’s “gut”
and/or appropriate information
to make sound decisions.
Models of Decision
Making
 The Rational Model: proposes that
managers use a logical approach to decision
making.

1. Clearly Identify/formulate the problem


a. Check assumptions
b. Analyze the problem – use critical thinking skills
2. Generate alternative solutions – consider
consequences or ramifications
3. Select a solution
4. Implement and evaluate the solution
Project Planning Tool:
Gantt Chart
• Plots the sequential steps of a project against time.
Project Planning Tool: PERT
Chart
• Road map identifying all major events
• Shows how much time is needed to
complete a project.
Fishbone Diagram (Cause and Effect,
Ishikawa) – Project Planning and
Quality Control (Product Design)
Why Critical Thinking Skills are Vital
to Our Future – Yours and Mine
What is it…really?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=9oAf3g5_138
Critical Thinking Is
Not….
 Something only college-educated
people can do
 The same as being logical, solving
problems, or being creative
 Being critical of a film, friend, etc.
 Something that only happens when you
reach a certain age
 Correlated to IQ, personality, or other
measures of intelligence
 Passive
Problem Formulation

What = descriptive
Why = explanatory
How = normative

Case: A company has trouble


integrating new employees.
Problem Formulation: Case

 What: What kinds of problems


appear for the company and the
employee in the beginning of
employment?
 Why: Why does it seem that
employees have trouble adapting to
the culture of the organizations?
 How: How are employees oriented
to the organization and how do
employees develop affinity?
Critical Thinking Occurs
When We

Hunt Check Use Take


Assumptio Assumptio Different Informed
ns ns Viewpoints Action
When people think
critically, they
question the
fundamental
assumptions
behind how
problems are
Check Your Assumptions

 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P
N1NAiM55hU&feature=related
The top is darker gray?

A. True
B. False
Assumptions and Biases

Eight Volunteers
Critical Thinking Errors:

1. Anchoring Bias – Giving too much


value to the first piece of information.

2. Status Quo Bias – Favoring new


choices that are similar to the current
situation.

3. Sunk Cost Bias – Continuing to


make choices that justify past
decisions.
Critical Thinking Errors
(cont’d):
4. Confirming Evidence Bias – Selectively
seeking out information that supports
your point of view.

5. Estimating and Forecasting Bias – Being


unduly influence by memories of powerful
examples.

6. Framing Bias – Being overly influence


by how a problem is explained or seen.
Eight Elements of Critical
Thinking
 Each point of view can see challenges differently
 Each stakeholder or constituency can differ in their
purposes
 Problems and challenges can be formulated many ways
 Reasoning is based on data, information, and evidence
 Reasoning is expressed through, and shaped by,
concepts and ideas
 Reasoning is based on assumptions
 Reasoning contains inferences or interpretations by
which we draw conclusions and give meaning to data
 Reasoning leads somewhere or has implications and
consequences

PPPICACC

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