COLLEGE OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

ENGLISH 101
ENGLISH PROFICIENCY
 LESSON 4

Vocabulary Methods
and Development
VACABULARY METHODS AND DEVELOPMENT

VOCABULARY
“… knowing a word is not all-or-nothing
proposition; it is not the case that one
either knows or does not know a word.
Rather, knowledge of a word should be
viewed in terms of the extent or degree of
knowledge that people can possess.
- Beck & McKeown, 1991
VACABULARY METHODS AND DEVELOPMENT

VOCABULARY

Vocabulary is the glue that holds stories,

ideas, and content together… making
comprehension accessible for children.
- Rupley, Logan, & Nichols, 1998/99, p. 339
VACABULARY METHODS AND DEVELOPMENT

VOCABULARY

Words are the starting point. Without

words, children can’t talk about people,
places, or things, about actions, relations,
or states.
- Clark 1993
VACABULARY METHODS AND DEVELOPMENT

VOCABULARY

Keraf in Wisma (2008:9) defines that

vocabulary is a list of words which is
means for distributing communication
with other people.
VACABULARY METHODS AND DEVELOPMENT

VOCABULARY

A vocabulary, also known as a

word stock or word-stock, is a set
of familiar words with a person’s
language.
VACABULARY METHODS AND DEVELOPMENT

VOCABULARY

If we want to speak confidently or

read or write effectively, then we
should do have a reasonable stock
of words.
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VOCABULARY

Learning or knowing new word

involves knowing its different
shades of meaning, use in context,
grammatical characteristics,
pronunciation and so on.
VACABULARY METHODS AND DEVELOPMENT

TYPES OF VOCABULARY

ORAL VOCABULARY

includes those words that

we recognized and use in
listening and speaking.
VACABULARY METHODS AND DEVELOPMENT

TYPES OF VOCABULARY

PRINT VOCABULARY

includes those words that

we recognized and use in
reading and writing
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TYPES OF VOCABULARY

RECEPTIVE VOCABULARY

includes words that we

recognize when we hear or
see them
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TYPES OF VOCABULARY

PRODUCTIVE VOCABULARY

includes words that we use

when we speak and write
- Kamil & Hiebert, in press
VACABULARY METHODS AND DEVELOPMENT

TYPES OF VOCABULARY

PASSIVE VOCABULARY

includes words that we

know but do not use in our
speaking and writing
VACABULARY METHODS AND DEVELOPMENT

TYPES OF VOCABULARY

ACTIVE VOCABULARY
includes words that we
know and frequently use
them in speaking and
writing.
- Kami & Hiebert, in press
VACABULARY METHODS AND DEVELOPMENT

HOW TO TEACH VOCABULARY

Vocabulary should be
taught both explicitly and
incidentally.
VACABULARY METHODS AND DEVELOPMENT

HOW TO TEACH VOCABULARY

Repetition and multiple

exposure are important for
learning new vocabulary.
VACABULARY METHODS AND DEVELOPMENT

HOW TO TEACH VOCABULARY

Learning how to construct

vocabulary from rich
(directive) contexts is
valuable.
VACABULARY METHODS AND DEVELOPMENT

HOW TO TEACH VOCABULARY

Vocabulary learning tasks

should be restricted when
necessary.
VACABULARY METHODS AND DEVELOPMENT

HOW TO TEACH VOCABULARY

Vocabulary tasks should

entail active engagement.
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HOW TO TEACH VOCABULARY

Explicit vocabulary
instruction should address
the use of definitions, context,
and concept learning
VACABULARY METHODS AND DEVELOPMENT

ROLE OF CONTEXT

DIRECTIVE CONTEXT
Gives clues, hints, synonyms
to determine an
approximate word meaning
in the context.
VACABULARY METHODS AND DEVELOPMENT

ROLE OF CONTEXT

NON-DIRECTIVE CONTEXT
Mentions the word without
giving any clues to
determine word meaning.
VACABULARY METHODS AND DEVELOPMENT

ROLE OF CONTEXT

MIS-DIRECTIVE CONTEXT
Gives clues that lead rerafin
to false word meaning
construction.
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Vocabulary
Building Skills
VACABULARY METHODS AND DEVELOPMENT

VOCABULARY DEVELOPMENT

1. Vocabulary Development
2. Word Formation
3. Pronunciation
VACABULARY METHODS AND DEVELOPMENT

VOCABULARY BUILDING SKILLS

DEVELOPMENT VOCABULARY CARDS

Vocabulary cards are handy

aids that help to improve and
develop vocabulary.
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VOCABULARY BUILDING SKILLS

READ EXTENSIVE

Reading and listening can help in

effectively expanding ones
vocabulary.
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VOCABULARY BUILDING SKILLS

LEARN WORDS IN CONTEXT

The only way to learn new

words and improve vocabulary
skills is by examining the use
of words in their context and
learning their uses.
VACABULARY METHODS AND DEVELOPMENT

VOCABULARY BUILDING SKILLS

DISTINGUISHING BETWEEN FORMAL
AND INFORMAL WORDS

Our choice of words largely

depends on our relationship
with the person we are talking
or writing to.
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WORD FORMATION

SUFFIX
Suffix is attached at the end of
a root word to form a new
word.
VACABULARY METHODS AND DEVELOPMENT

WORD FORMATION

PREFIX
Prefix is attached at the
beginning of a root word to
form a new word.
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WORD FORMATION

SYNONYMS
A synonym is a word that
means the same as another.
VACABULARY METHODS AND DEVELOPMENT

WORD FORMATION

ANTONYMS
An antonyms is a word
opposite in meaning to
another.
VACABULARY METHODS AND DEVELOPMENT

WORD FORMATION

HOMONYMS
Homonyms are the words
which have the same spelling
but different meaning.
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WORD FORMATION

HOMOPHONES
Homophones are the words
which have different spellings
and meaning but the same
sound.
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ONE WORD SUBSTITUTION

One word may be used in place of several
words or phrases.

WORDS/PHRASES ONE WORD

SUBSTITUTION
That which cannot be seen. Invisible
That which cannot be burnt. Incombustible
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WORDS OFTEN CONFUSED

There are several words that may
be confusing because they are
similar in meaning or
pronunciation but they have
different meanings.
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WORDS OFTEN CONFUSED

Example:
accept : agree | accept : to exclude

Except the manager, everyone in the

hotel accepted the mistake.
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WORDS OFTEN CONFUSED

Example:
all ready : all prepared | already : by this time

You should be all ready to proceed

because you are already late.
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PRONUNCIATION

THE VOWEL SOUNDS

English Vowels are represented by phonetic
symbols.
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PRONUNCIATION

CONSONANTS
A dictionary guides not only show about the
meaning of a word, but also it’s pronunciation.
VACABULARY METHODS AND DEVELOPMENT

CONTEXT CLUES
Context clues are hints found
within a sentence, paragraph, or
passage that a reader can use to
understand the meanings of new
or unfamiliar words
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DICTIONARY SKILLS
Dictionary skills refer to students'
ability to effectively and
efficiently use a dictionary to look
up words, understand their
definitions and find information
related to those words.