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Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
1 kinetic; 6
main sequence;
contract;
expand;
supernova;
neutron star;

Total for Question 1 = 6 marks

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Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
2 (a) (i) (average) speed = distance (moved) / time (taken); allow standard symbols and 1
rearrangements e.g. v = s / t
allow s for speed, d for
distance

(ii) substitution; 2
evaluation;

e.g.
(speed =) 6.5 / 0.25
(speed =) 26 (m/s)

(iii) correct conversion of EITHER m to km OR s to h; allow ECF from (ii) 2

full conversion from m/s to km/h AND consistent allow ECF from (ii)
conclusion;; allow conversion of km/h to
m/s e.g. 80km/h = 22.2m/s

e.g.
26 (m/s) = 0.026 (km/s) OR 26 (m/s) = 93600 (m/h)
94 (km/h) => too fast allow 93.6 (km/h)

(b) (i) acceleration is the gradient (of the graph); 2

graph has a constant gradient; allow line on graph is
straight

(ii) acceleration = change in velocity / time; allow standard symbols and 1

rearrangements e.g.
a = (v-u) / t, a = ∆v / t

(iii) correct reading of either two velocity values or time allow attempt at gradient 3
interval taken from graph; calculation
correct substitution into formula;
evaluation;

e.g.
u = 5 (m/s), v = 24 (m/s) OR t = 60 (s) allow (v – u =) 19 seen
(a =) 24-5 / 60
(a =) 0.32 (m/s2) allow range of 0.30-0.32

Total for Question 2 = 11 marks

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Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
3 (a) idea that if one bulb fails all bulbs turn off; allow idea that bulbs cannot be 1
controlled individually

(b) any one from: 1

• less likely to overheat;
• idea that the circuit is simpler; accept uses fewer wires
• lower voltage bulbs;
• all bulbs controlled with one switch;

(c) (i) voltage = current × resistance; allow standard symbols and 1

rearrangements e.g. I = V / R

(ii) substitution; 3
rearrangement;
evaluation;

e.g.
33 = I × 390
(I =) 33 / 390
(I =) 0.085 (A) allow 0.08, 0.0846…
condone 0.084

(iii) dimensionally correct substitution into allow ECF from (ii) 4

E = V × I × t;
conversion of hours to seconds; allow 60 × 60 or 9000 seen anywhere
in working
use of 7 bulbs;
evaluation;
23 760-25 245 = 3 marks (x7 not
used)
e.g. 6.60-7.01 = 2 marks
E = 33 × 0.085 × 2.5
2.5 hours = 9000 seconds
voltage used = 231 OR ×7 used in working
(E =) 180 000 (J) allow answer between 165000 to
180000

(d) brightness is greater in lamp Y; allow RA 3

with any two from:

more energy transferred to each bulb in lamp
Y;
bulbs in lamp Y have a larger voltage / 46 V;
resistance of (circuit in) lamp Y is less;
current in bulb / circuit in lamp Y is greater;
Total for Question 3 = 13 marks
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Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
4 (a) live / L; allow red / brown wire 1

(b) any two from: 2

MP1. earth wire;
MP2. circuit breaker; allow RCD, trip switch, surge
protector
MP3. double insulation;
MP4. insulated cables; allow any mention of
insulated wires

(c) (i) power = current × voltage; allow standard symbols 1

e.g. P = I × V
ignore C, c for current

(ii) substitution; 3
evaluation;
unit; mark independently
2.2 kW = full marks
e.g.
(P =) 9.6 × 230
(P =) 2200 allow 2208, 2210
watts / W allow J/s

(iii) allow wire for coil 3

throughout
coil has resistance;
electrons transfer/lose energy (as they flow
through coil);
(due to) electron collisions with (lattice) ions in the allow atoms, particles for
coil; ions

(d) idea of excessive current; e.g. “current becomes too 3

high”
melts the fuse (wire); allow breaking the fuse
condone “blows the fuse”
breaking the circuit; allow “stops the current” / eq

Total for Question 4 = 13 marks

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Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
5 (a) any one from: 1
• handling source with tongs/gloves;
• storing source in lead box (when not in
use);
• minimising time handling source;
• maximising distance from source;
• taking care with direction of emission from
source;
• use of lead apron/shielding; ignore if mention of other
room etc.

(b) B (138); 1

A is incorrect because this is the number of protons

C is incorrect because this is the number of nucleons
D is incorrect because this is the number of nucleons + protons

(c) (i) photographic film / Geiger-Muller tube; allow GM tube, GM detector 1

condone Geiger counter
allow spark counter

(ii) alpha / α; 1

(d) (i) time taken; allow “how long it takes” 2

reject “half the time”
and either of
• for (radio)activity to halve; allow count rate for activity
• for half of the (radioactive) nuclei / atoms /
isotope to decay;

(ii) C (1.88 × 1021); 1

A is incorrect because this is the number of atoms after 3200 years

B is incorrect because this is the number of atoms after 1600 years
D is incorrect because this is the initial number of atoms

Total for Question 5 = 7 marks

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Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
6 max. 2 marks for details of varying any mark can be given from 6
temperature labelled diagram
MP1. suitable method of heating ball; e.g. water bath, oven,
freezer, heating water in
beaker
MP2. thermometer used to measure allow temperature sensor
temperature; and data logger

max. 2 marks for control variables ignore “same ball”

MP3. height ball is dropped from;
MP4. bouncing surface;
MP5. ball dropped from rest each time; allow idea of no force being
used to drop ball

max. 2 mark for high-quality data

MP6. suitable method to increase/give good e.g. viewing at eye level,
accuracy of bounce height measurement; recording with camera and
viewing at slow motion
MP7. at least five different temperatures tested; can be inferred from
method
MP8. repeats and average;

Total for Question 6 = 6 marks

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Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
7 (a) north pole labelled on magnet Y; 3
lines drawn straight and vertical between ignore curved lines at the
magnets; edges of the magnets
lines are equally spaced with arrows pointing
upwards;

(b) (i) any two from: 2

MP1. iron is (a) magnetic (material);
MP2. iron ball becomes a magnet / becomes
magnetised (N pole at top);
MP3. iron ball is attracted to the magnet;

(ii) downward arrow drawn shorter than magnetic ignore starting point of 1
force arrow; arrow, judge length and
direction only

(iii) weight = mass × gravitational field strength; allow standard symbols and 1
rearrangements
e.g. m = W / g

(iv) calculation of weight; 4

dimensionally correct substitution into weight ECF if incorrect weight or
formula; 165, 124, 289 used as the
weight
allow g=9.8, 9.81
rearrangement;
evaluation; -1 for POT error provided
10 (N/kg) is used somewhere

e.g.
weight = (165 – 124 =) 41 (mN)
0.041 = mass × 10
(mass =) 0.041 / 10
(mass =) 0.0041 (kg)
0.0165, 0.0124, 4.1
gets 3 marks max
16.5, 12.4 gets 2 marks max

(v) any two from: 2

MP1. weight (of the iron ball) stays the same;
MP2. magnetic force increases; allow greater attraction from
magnet
MP3. magnetic field strength increases;

Total for Question 7 = 13 marks

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Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
8 (a) any one from: 1
• idea that there is no data at the value of 0;
• idea that {pressure of gas / speed of
particles} cannot be zero;
• idea that all data would be bunched
together at the top of the axis / eq;

(b) for either graph: 3

MP1. as temperature increases, pressure/speed ignore positive correlation
increases;

for graph 1:
MP2. relationship is linear; accept proportional only if
there is a clear link to the
temperature being
measured in kelvin

for graph 2:
MP3. relationship is non-linear;
MP4. idea of decreasing gradient of curve;

(c) any two from: 2

MP1. this temperature is absolute zero;
MP2. pressure/speed/kinetic energy of gas allow idea that negative
particles would be 0 at this temperature; pressure/speed/KE is
impossible
MP3. idea that it is impossible to have a
temperature lower than this;

(d) (i) answer in range 520-525 (m/s); ignore 515 1

(ii) recall of KE formula; can be implied from working 3

substitution; ECF from (i)
evaluation; -1 for POT error

e.g.
KE = ½ × mass × speed2
(KE =) 0.5 × 5.3 × 10-26 × 5202
(KE =) 7.2 × 10-21 (J) allow 7.16 × 10-21 - 7.31 × 10-21

(iii) 373 (K); 1

(iv) straight line with positive gradient; judge straightness by eye 2

line passes through origin;
Total for Question 8 = 13 marks
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Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
9 (a) (i) correctly reflected ray of light drawn at A; judge angle of reflection = 1
angle of incidence by eye
allow dotted lines, lines
without arrowheads
ignore lines inside the block

(ii) i = 60 (°); allow 59-61 inclusive 2

r = 31 (°); allow 30-32 inclusive

(iii) n = sin(i) / sin(r); allow in words and 1

rearrangements

(iv) substitution; allow ECF from (ii) 2

evaluation;

e.g.
(n =) sin(60) / sin(31)
(n =) 1.68 allow 1.61-1.75

(v) any three from: ignore bald “repeat and 3

average”
MP1. take repeat readings at a specific angle; ignore “repeat investigation”
MP2. vary angle of incidence;
MP3. find mean values for one angle i / mean
refractive index;
MP4. plot graph of sin(i) against sin(r);
MP5. find refractive index from gradient of graph;

(b) ray drawn with smaller angle of refraction than red 3

light when it enters block;
ray bends away from the normal when it leaves the
glass block;
ray drawn parallel to red light as it leaves block;

Total for Question 9 = 12 marks

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Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
10 (a) black because it is a better/good absorber; ignore references to 2
emission
of radiation (from the Sun); allow IR, infrared for
radiation

(b) any four from: 4

MP1. temperature of air increases; allow air particles gain KE
MP2. air expands / air particles move further reject particles expand
apart;
MP3. density of air decreases; reject particles become less
dense
MP4. warm/heated air rises; ignore heat rises
allow cool air sinks
MP5. cool air replaces warmed air;
MP6. process repeats;

Total for Question 10 = 6 marks

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Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
11 (a) determination of mass of water; 4
substitution into / rearrangement of density allow ECF from incorrect
formula; mass
evaluation;
rounding to 3 s.f.; mark independently

e.g.
mass = 49.5 (g)
0.998 = 49.5/volume OR volume = mass/density
volume = 49.599
49.6 (cm3)

(b) determination of mass of liquid; 3

use of volume from (a); allow ECF from (a)
evaluation; allow ECF from incorrect
mass

e.g.
143.8 - 63.4 = 80.4 (g)
density = 80.4 / 49.6
density = 1.62 (g/cm3)

(c) any three from: allow RA throughout 3

MP1. with measuring cylinder can read volume to
nearest cm3;
MP2. measuring cylinder is easier/quicker to use;
MP3. measuring cylinder does not need to be
dried;
MP4. idea that measuring cylinder value could be
incorrect due to parallax errors/meniscus
etc;
MP5. ‘bottle’ gives volume to nearest 1dp;
MP6. ‘bottle’ allows density to be more precisely
determined;

Total for Question 11 = 10 marks