Biology

Class-5

Dr Anns Mustafa
Lecturer Science
Erudite ISIT
 Introduction to Life
• What are animals?
• What are plants?
• What is Environment?
• What are Living Things?

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 Lesson 1

• What Are Animals?

Definition:
Animals are living things that can move around and
need food to live. They are different from plants because
they don't make their own food; instead, they eat other
things.
Living Things: Animals are made up of many cells and
can move by themselves.
Food: Animals eat plants or other animals to get energy.
Examples: Dogs, cats, birds, and fish.

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 Lesson 1
• What Are Plants?
Definition:
Plants are living things that usually stay in one place and
make their own food using sunlight. They are different
from animals because they do not eat other living things.
Key Points:
Food Making: Plants use sunlight, water, and air to make
food in their leaves.
Parts: Plants have roots, stems, leaves, and sometimes
flowers.
Examples: Trees, flowers, and grass.

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 Lesson 1
• What Is the Environment?
Definition:
The environment is everything around us that affects
how living things grow and live. It includes both the
natural world and things people make.
Key Points:
Natural Parts: Mountains, rivers, and forests.
Human-Made Parts: Cities, roads, and parks.
Living and Non-Living: It includes both plants and
animals, as well as things like water, air, and soil.

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 Lesson 1
• What Are Living Things?
Definition:
Living things are things that grow, need food, and can move or change over time.
They include plants, animals, and even tiny organisms like bacteria.

Key Points:
Growth: Living things get bigger as they grow.
Food and Energy: They need food or sunlight to get energy.
Examples: Animals, plants, and tiny creatures like bugs.

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Chapter 1

Introduction to
Biology
”Exploring the Living World Around Us”
 What is Biology?
• Definition:
• Biology is the science that studies all
living things, from tiny bacteria to huge
elephants.

• Living Things: They need basic things

to live: air (oxygen), water, food
(nutrients), and shelter (a place to live).
• Examples of Living Things:
• Plants: Trees, flowers, grass
• Animals: Dogs, birds, fish
• Microorganisms: Bacteria, fungi (like
mushrooms)

Difficult Words
•Biology - Биология
•Microorganisms - Микроорганизмы
•Bacteria - Бактерии
•Fungi - Грибы
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 What Do Biologists Do?
• Roles:
• Study Plants: How they grow,
reproduce, and interact with their
environment.
• Study Animals: Their behavior, how
they survive, and how they are
adapted to their habitats.
• Study Microorganisms: Their role in
health and ecosystems.
• Solve Problems: Address issues like
diseases, environmental protection,
and conservation.

Difficult words
•Biologists - Биологи
•Reproduce - Размножаться
•Ecosystems - Экосистемы
•Conservation - Охрана окружающей среды

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 Levels of Organization in Biology
• Hierarchy:
• Cells: Basic building blocks of all living organisms. Example: A skin cell or a leaf cell.
• Tissues: Groups of similar cells working together. Example: Muscle tissue in animals or leaf tissue in plants.
• Organs: Structures composed of different tissues that perform specific functions. Example: Heart in animals, or
roots in plants.
• Systems: Groups of organs that work together to perform complex functions. Example: Digestive system in
animals, or vascular system in plants.
• Organisms: Complete living entities made up of cells, tissues, organs, and systems. Example: A dog, a tree.

Difficult words
•Hierarchy - Иерархия
•Tissues - Ткани
•Organs - Органы
•Systems - Системы
•Organisms – Организмы
•Building Block - Основной элемент

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 Cells: The Basic Unit of Life

• Definition:
• Cells are the smallest units that can
perform all life processes.
• Key Parts:
• Cell Membrane: A protective barrier
around the cell.
• Nucleus: The control center of the cell,
containing DNA.
• Cytoplasm: Jelly-like substance where cell
activities occur.
• Differences:
• Plant Cells: Have a cell wall, chloroplasts
Difficult words (for photosynthesis), and a large central
•Cytoplasm - Цитоплазма vacuole.
•Nucleus - Ядро • Animal Cells: Lack cell walls and
•Vacuole - Вакуоль chloroplasts but have smaller vacuoles.
•Chloroplasts - Хлоропласты
•Photosynthesis - Фотосинтез

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 Plant Life
• Parts of a Plant:
• Roots: Anchor the plant and absorb water and nutrients.
• Stems: Support the plant and transport nutrients and water.
• Leaves: Where photosynthesis happens; they capture sunlight
and make food for the plant.
• Flowers: Often involved in reproduction.
• What Plants Need:
• Sunlight: For photosynthesis.
• Water: For nutrient transport and photosynthesis.
• Air: Carbon dioxide for photosynthesis.
• Nutrients: Minerals from the soil.
• Photosynthesis: The process where plants use sunlight to
turn carbon dioxide and water into food (glucose) and
oxygen.

Difficult words
•Photosynthesis - Фотосинтез
•Nutrients - Питательные вещества
•Vacuole - Вакуоль
•Chloroplasts - Хлоропласты

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 Animal Life
• Key Points:
• Different Types of Animals:
• Mammals: Have fur/hair and usually give birth to live young (e.g., lions,
whales).
• Birds: Have feathers and lay eggs (e.g., eagles, penguins).
• Reptiles: Have scaly skin and lay eggs (e.g., snakes, turtles).
• Insects: Have six legs and often wings (e.g., butterflies, ants).
• Basic Needs:
• Food: For energy and growth.
• Water: To stay hydrated.
• Shelter: A safe place to live and hide.
• Space: Enough room to move and find food.
• Adaptations: Features that help animals survive in their environment.
Example: Camouflage in chameleons or thick fur in polar bears.

Difficult words
•Mammals - Млекопитающие
•Reptiles - Рептилии
•Insects - Насекомые
•Adaptations - Адаптации
•Scaly Skin - Чешуйчатая Кожа
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 Ecosystems: Where Living Things
Live
• Definition:
• An ecosystem is a community of living things (plants, animals,
microorganisms) interacting with each other and their environment
(air, water, soil).
• Examples:
• Forests: Trees, insects, birds; provides oxygen, habitat, and food.
• Oceans: Fish, seaweed, whales; regulates climate, provides food.
• Deserts: Cacti, lizards, camels; adapted to dry conditions.
• Interactions:
• Producers: Plants that make their own food.
• Consumers: Animals that eat plants or other animals.
• Decomposers: Organisms like fungi and bacteria that break down
dead plants and animals.

Difficult words
•Ecosystem - Экосистема
•Producers - Продуценты
•Consumers - Потребители
•Decomposers - Декомпозиторы

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 How We Can Help Our Planet
• Recycling and Reducing Waste: Recycle paper, plastic, and glass; reduce single-use items.
• Protecting Natural Habitats: Support conservation efforts and avoid littering.
• Learning About and Respecting Wildlife: Educate ourselves about local wildlife and their needs.

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