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VisibleBody Cell Comparison

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4 views

VisibleBody Cell Comparison

Uploaded by

syukur2024
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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WHAT ARE

CELLS?
Every living organism on Earth is composed of cells —
microscopic units that are bound by a plasma membrane
and contain cytoplasm, DNA, and ribosomes. Humans have
trillions of cells, while some organisms only have one.
TWO TYPES OF CELLS
Cells perform all the functions required for the
survival of an organism, including support,
metabolism, growth and reproduction, energy
production, and active transport.

There are two types of cells: prokaryotic and


eukaryotic.
Prokaryotes:
Bacteria and archaea
consist of one
Eukaryotes: Animals, prokaryotic cell.
plants, protists, and
fungi are organisms
composed of eukaryotic
cells.
PROKARYOTIC
Fimbria
CELL
Nucleoid Prokaryotic cells do not contain a membrane-
bound nucleus. Instead, essential genes
are found in a circular chromosome in the
nucleoid region within the cytoplasm.

A bacterial cell is a unicellular, prokaryotic


organism. Some of its distinctive features
include fimbriae, pili, and flagella on its outer
surface.

Fimbriae and pili help support and move the


bacterial cell by attaching it to other cells or
Cytoplasm substrates.
Pilus Fun fact: Bacterial cells can have up to a
Flagellum
thousand fimbriae!
EUKARYOTIC Smooth ER Chromosome
Rough ER

CELL Nucleus

Ribosome
A distinguishing feature of most
eukaryotic cells is the membrane-
bound nucleus, where most of the
cell’s DNA is stored.

Chromosomes, which dictate gene


expression, are found within the
nucleus.

Eukaryotic cells also contain other


organelles that carry out the cell’s
essential functions, including: the
Golgi apparatus, mitochondria,
ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum Mitochondria Golgi Apparatus
(smooth ER and rough ER), and
vesicles. Vesicle
PROKARYOTIC
Prokaryotes: Most
DNA is located in the VS.
nucleoid floating in
the cytoplasm EUKARYOTIC
CELL
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
have some of the same features,
such as DNA, ribosomes, a plasma
membrane, cytosol, and cytoplasm.

One difference between the cells is


Eukaryotes: where the DNA is located. Eukaryotic
DNA is coiled into cells have a membrane-bound
chromosomes found nucleus, whereas most prokaryotic
in the cell’s nucleus cells’ DNA is found in the nucleoid.
Animal Cell

TYPES OF
EUKARYOTIC
CELLS
Animals and plants are more similar
than different. They both have unique
cells that perform unique functions
based on their organs and tissues.

The main difference between the cells


is plant cells can photosynthesize, and
most cells can’t move — unlike many
animal cells that can move around
the body. Plant Cell
Centriole
ANIMAL VS.
PLANT CELL
Centrosome Animal cells contain centrosomes and
centrioles; these structures assist in cell
division and building microtubules in non-
Cell Wall dividing cells.

Plant cells have a cell wall, central vacuole,


Central Vacuole plasmodesmata (facilitates passage of
water and nutrients between plant cells),
and chloroplasts (carry out photosynthesis).

Fun fact: In plant cells, the central vacuole


can take up 30 to 80% of a cell’s volume.
The central vacuole stores water and
maintains turgor pressure within the cell.
Chloroplast Plasmodesmata
PROKARYOTIC
VS. PLANT CELL
Even though one is prokaryotic and the
other is eukaryotic, bacterial cells and
plant cells have some commonalities. Both
have a cell wall that provides the cell with
support and protection.

Major differences between bacterial


and plant cells is that plant cells have
membrane-bound organelles and bacterial
cells do not.
ANIMAL VS.
PROKARYOTIC
CELL
Like plant cells, animal cells have
membrane-bound organelles,
including a membrane-bound
nucleus. Bacterial cells have the
nucleoid region for their DNA.

Unlike bacterial cells, animal cells do


not have a cell wall. The cell wall gives
bacterial cells the structural support
they need to maintain a rigid shape.
Both animal and bacterial cells have
ribosomes.
  
    
 
 
 
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