UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI

Mahatma Education Society’s

Pillai College of Engineering
(Autonomous)
Accredited A+ by NAAC
Dr. K. M. Vasudevan Pillai Campus,
Plot No. 10, Sector-16, New Panvel – 410206

A Report on
SMART PLANT MONITORING SYSTEM USING
ARDUINO
for
Mini Project I of Second Year, (SY Sem-III)

in

Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering

by

1. Roll No. 303 Khushi Pokhare

2. Roll No. 305 Abhay Sawant
3. Roll No. 307 Suraj Prajapati
4. Roll No. 310 Neetu Pal
4. Roll No. 319 Rohit Kumar Singh

Under the guidance of

Prof. Sweta Komalkar

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 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project entitled Automatic Hand Sanitizer Dispenser is a
bonafide work of

Roll No. 303 Khushi Pokhare

Roll No. 305 Abhay Sawant
Roll No. 307 Suraj Prajapati
Roll No. 310 Neetu Pal
Roll No. 319 Rohit Kumar Singh

submitted to the University of Mumbai in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award
of Mini Project I of Second Year, (SY Sem-III) in Electronics & Telecommunication
Engineering as laid down by University of Mumbai during academic year 2023-24

Examiner/Reviewer

Prof. Sweta Waghmare Dr. Avinash Vaidya Dr. Sandeep

Joshi Guide Head of Department Principal

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ABSTRACT

This project focuses on developing a Smart Irrigation System using an

Arduino to automate the watering process based on soil moisture levels.
A soil moisture sensor continuously monitors the moisture content in the
soil. When the moisture falls below a preset threshold, the Arduino
triggers a water pump to irrigate the plants automatically, ensuring they
get the right amount of water.

An LCD display is integrated into the system to show the real-time soil
moisture levels, allowing users to easily monitor the condition of the
soil. This user-friendly interface helps gardeners or farmers make
informed decisions without needing to manually check the soil, saving
time and effort.

The system optimizes water usage by preventing over-watering or

under-watering, reducing water waste, and maintaining plant health.
Designed for ease of use, it offers an efficient and affordable solution for
both home gardening and small-scale farming. The project can be further
expanded with additional features such as mobile app integration or
weather data analysis to enhance irrigation efficiency.

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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Name of the figure Page
No. No.

4.1 Principal and Working 12

4.2 Block Diagram 13

5.1 Arduino Uno board 14

5.2 Moister Sensor 15

5.3 Relay 15

5.4 LCD 16

5.5 DTH 11 Sensor 17

9.1 Arduino IDE software 21

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INDEX

CONTENTS
Certificate …………………………………………………………………...

i Abstract …………………………………………………………………...

ii List of Figures ……………………………………………………………………

1. Introduction......................................................................................................1.1
1.2
2. Literature Review…..........................................................................................3.
Problem Statement...........................................................................................3.1
Need
3.2 Objectives
4. Principle and Working.....................................................................................4.1
Block diagram
4.2 Circuit diagram
5. Component Description...................................................................................5.1
Hardware
5.2 Software
6. Hardware Implementation...............................................................................7.
Results and Discussion….................................................................................8.
Conclusions......................................................................................................9.
Future Scope ………………………………………………………………...
References …………………………………………………………………...
Appendix …………………………………………………………………...

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 CHAPTER 1.
INTRODUCTION

In today’s world, technology is changing many industries, including agriculture. As the global
population grows and challenges like climate change and limited resources increase, we need
smarter ways to grow crops and care for plants. One of these innovations is the Smart Plant
Monitoring System (SPMS), which uses technology to help farmers and gardeners take better care
of their plants.

This paper explains how the SPMS works, using a simple microcontroller called Arduino.
Arduino is popular because it is easy to use and very flexible. The SPMS is designed to monitor
important factors that affect plant health, like soil moisture, temperature, and humidity. These
things directly impact how well plants grow. By using sensors attached to the Arduino, the system
gathers real-time data on these conditions, providing important information about the plant's
environment.

The SPMS doesn’t just collect data—it processes it too. The system compares the data it collects
to ideal levels for plant growth, which have been set in advance. If the conditions are not right, the
SPMS can automatically take action. For example, if the soil is too dry, it can turn on the watering
system. This feature reduces the need for people to manually check and care for plants all the
time, making plant care more efficient.

Another important feature of the SPMS is its ability to send data wirelessly, using Wi-Fi or
Bluetooth. This allows users to check the status of their plants remotely through a mobile app or
web interface. This is especially helpful for people who aren’t able to monitor their plants in
person all the time, such as farmers with large fields or people with home gardens who want more
convenience.

In addition to monitoring, the SPMS can automate tasks like watering or adjusting temperature
and humidity. For instance, if the soil is too dry, the system can water the plants automatically,
ensuring they get the right amount of water without wasting it. Similarly, it can manage the
temperature and humidity around the plants to create the best growing environment.

This paper explains how the SPMS was designed and built, including details about the sensors,
data processing, and user interface. It also shows how testing has proven that the system can

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improve plant care, reduce the need for manual work, and support more sustainable gardening and
farming practices. As technology continues to evolve, the SPMS is an excellent example of how
smart solutions can improve traditional agricultural practices and make plant care easier and more
efficient.

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 CHAPTER 2.
LITERATURE
REVIEW

The application of Arduino in smart irrigation systems has been widely studied due to its
affordability, ease of programming, and flexibility in integrating sensors and controllers. In a
study by Ramesh et al. (2017), an Arduino-based smart irrigation system was developed using soil
moisture sensors to automate water flow based on real-time soil conditions. The system
significantly reduced water consumption—by up to 40%—compared to traditional manual
irrigation methods. This research demonstrated that Arduino offers a cost-effective solution for
improving water efficiency while ensuring optimal plant growth.
Further research by Patel and Singh (2019) enhanced the functionality of Arduino-based irrigation
systems by incorporating wireless communication and mobile application controls. Their system
enabled farmers to remotely monitor and control the irrigation process through real-time data on
soil moisture, temperature, and humidity. This study showed how integrating Arduino with IoT
technology can provide scalability and convenience, allowing users to manage irrigation more
efficiently from anywhere, further improving water management and crop yield.
A more advanced approach was explored by Verma et al. (2020), who integrated weather data
with Arduino-controlled irrigation. By combining soil moisture sensors with weather forecasts,
their system adjusted irrigation schedules to prevent over-watering during rainy periods and
ensure adequate watering during dry spells. This approach demonstrated the potential for Arduino
to support precision agriculture, optimizing water usage in response to both environmental
conditions and real-time sensor data, particularly in water-scarce regions.

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CHAPTER 3.
PROBLEM STATEMENT

Traditional irrigation methods often lead to inefficient water usage, resulting in

either over-watering or under-watering of crops. This inefficiency can cause water
wastage, poor plant health, and increased operational costs for farmers. In areas
where water resources are scarce or where agriculture is heavily dependent on
weather conditions, improper irrigation can lead to reduced crop yields, soil
degradation, and economic losses. Additionally, manual irrigation requires
significant time and effort, especially in large agricultural fields or gardens.
1.1 NEED

A Smart Irrigation System addresses these challenges by

automating and optimizing water usage based on real-time soil
and environmental data. In home gardening, it ensures plants get
the right amount of water without requiring constant monitoring,
saving homeowners time and effort. In agriculture, it helps farmers
conserve water, lower costs, and maintain healthy crops, even
during periods of drought or irregular rainfall. The project is
essential for promoting sustainable water use, enhancing food
production, and making daily plant care more convenient and
efficient for both farmers and urban gardeners.

1.2 OBJECTIVE

The primary objective of a Smart Irrigation System in agriculture is

to optimize water usage by delivering the right amount of water to
crops at the right time, based on real-time soil and environmental
conditions. This automation helps ensure that plants receive
sufficient water for optimal growth without over-watering, which
can lead to water waste and soil degradation, or under-watering,
which can harm crop yields.

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CHAPTER 4.
PRINCIPLE AND WORKING

The Ultrasonic sensor has an echo and trig pins which are the receiver and transmitter
respectively, by the algorithms the sensor is adjusted to get trigger within the particular
distance, when the hand is placed in the required distance, the sensor send the signals to the
Arduino nano then the Arduino sends signal to the 5V relay board, which is triggered and
activate the motor to pump sanitizer.

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 Fig No 4.1

4.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM

Fig No 4.2

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4.2 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

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CHAPTER 5.
COMPONENT DESCRIPTION
5.1 HARDWARE

● Arduino Uno

Fig No 5.1

The Arduino Uno is an open-source microcontroller board based on the

Microchip ATmega328P microcontroller (MCU) and developed by Arduino.cc and initially
released in 2010.[2][3] The microcontroller board is equipped with sets of digital and analog
input/output (I/O) pins that may be interfaced to various expansion boards (shields) and other
circuits.[1] The board has 14 digital I/O pins (six capable of PWM output), 6 analog I/O pins,
and is programmable with the Arduino IDE (Integrated Development Environment), via a
type B USB cable.[4]It can be powered by a USB cable or a barrel connector that accepts
voltages between 7 and 20 volts, such as a rectangular 9-volt battery. It has the same
microcontroller as the Arduino Nano board, and the same headers as the Leonardo board.

●Ultrasonic Distance Sensor - HC-SR04

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 Fig No 5.2

The HC-SR04 ultrasonic distance sensor is an economical sensor that provides 2cm to 400cm
of non-contact measurement functionality with a ranging accuracy that can reach up to 3mm.
Each HC-SR04 module includes an ultrasonic transmitter, a receiver and a control circuit.

There are only four pins on the HC-SR04: VCC (Power), Trig (Trigger), Echo (Receive),
and GND (Ground).

●Jumper Cable

Fig No 5.3

A jump wire (also known as jumper, jumper wire, DuPont wire) is an electrical
wire, or group of them in a cable, with a connector or pin at each end (or sometimes
without them – simply "tinned"), which is normally used to interconnect the

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 components of a breadboard or other prototype or test circuit, internally or with other
equipment or components, without soldering.

● TowerPro MG995 Servo Motor

Fig No 5.4

MG995 is a servo motor that is popular for its performance and low price. The motor is used

in many applications, mainly being robotics and drones.

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5.2 SOFTWARE

Arduino IDE:

A program for Arduino hardware may be written in any programming language with
compilers that produce binary machine code for the target processor. Atmel provides a
development environment for their 8-bit AVR and 32-bit ARM Cortex-M based
microcontrollers: AVR Studio (older) and Atmel Studio (newer).

Fig No 5.5

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CHAPTER 6

HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION

To construct the automatic hand sanitizer dispenser, we need Arduino UNO, Ultrasonic
Sensor HC SR04, Servo Motor MG996R, a few jumper cables and Arduino IDE software.
We’ll first connect Ultrasonic Sensor HC SR04 to Arduino. Vcc will connect to 5V, Trig will
be connected to 9 (which will act as output), Echo will be connected to 8( which will act as
input), and ground will be connected to ground. Later, Servo motor MG996R will be
connected. Signal will be connected to 7, Power will be connected to Vin and Ground will be
connected to Ground. With the help of USB connection, the Arduino Board will be
connected to any device such as a Laptop or a PC. In the device, Arduino IDE should be
installed. After completing the writing of the code in the software, we’ll then verify and
upload the code.
When the verification and uploading is done, Arduino UNO stores the code and then the
automatic hand sanitizer dispenser will work when there is any motion near the Ultrasonic
sensor.

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CHAPTER 7.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

This automatic hand sanitizer design uses Arduino Uno as a microcontroller due to the ease
of testing tools and components, there are also many modules that can be used for various
needs. The place for hand sanitizer is made according to the components and their
placement (with or without the help of tools), such as on a wall or table. The price of tools
and materials for this design is more expensive than tools on the market, but in terms of
size, customization and testing of this design, it is relatively cheap compared to tools on the
market.

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CHAPTER 8.
CONCLUSIONS
Implementation of Contactless AutomaticHandWash Dispenser for Sanitation is efficient
and the cost price is minimized. It works like the normal contactless automatic machine.
The human gets the limited sanitizer liquid for sanitation in hand, to wash the hands and to
protect themselves from the corona disease. This system can be utilized in malls, high
populated areas. The economic cost of the seminar, it will be better quality when
considering the life of the system and the seminar. The main goal of this seminar was to use
current advanced technologies to develop an Automatic hand sanitizing machine to
improve hygiene and prevent the infectious viruses entering our body. Automatic hand
sanitizers are priced less when compared to any other hand sanitizing tools or dispensers.
At the same time it is environmentally friendly because the disposable wastage is very
minimal, since it can be refilled easily without any technical assistance. These automatic
hand sanitizer machines are developed keeping in mind about its affordability by
underprivileged sections of the society as it can be purchased by lower income groups in
pursuit of their well being and also they are easily available and can be used by everyone
without any hassle.

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CHAPTER 9.
FUTURE
SCOPE
1. Promotes improved health & hygiene.
2. Can be used in hospitals, workstations and schools, colleges.
3. It encourages its use by their modern appearance that attracts the user which
increases hand hygiene compliance.

Fig No 9.1

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REFERENCES

1. Ahyadi, Z. (2018). Belajar Antarmuka Arduino Secara Cepat Dari Contoh - Zaiyan
Ahyadi - Google Buku. Deepublish. Retrieved from
https://books.google.co.id/books?id=M46IDwAAQBAJ
2. Cheruvu, S., Kumar, A., Smith, N., & Wheeler, D. M. (2020). Demystifying Internet
of Things Security. In Sunil Cheruvu, A. Kumar, N. Smith, & D. M. Wheeler
(Eds.), Demystifying Internet of Things Security. Apress.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-2896-8
3. Dian, A., Lalita, D. F., & Zaenudin, N. M. (2020). Perancangan Dan Pembuatan Alat
Inkubator Berbasis Mikrokontroler. 9(1), 52–62.
4. Faisal, M., & Arsianti, R. W. (2020). Sistem Kran Air Otomatis Menggunakan
Sensor Infrared Adjustable. Jurnal: Elektrika Borneo (JEB), 6(1), 20–24.
5. Husain, A., Siregar, D. C., & Permadi, S. H. (2020). Alat Penghitung Barang Secara
Otomatis Menggunakan Sensor Infrared Berbasis Arduino Uno. Journal CERITA,
6(2), 198–205.
https://doi.org/10.33050/cerita.v6i2.1160.
6. Jin, X., Leng, Y., Gong, E., Xiong, S., Yao, Y., Vedanthan, R., Yan, L. L. (2020).
Neighborhood-level public facilities and COVID-19 transmission: A nationwide
geospatial study in China. MedRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.25.20181362

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