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Assignment 2.4 Momentum & Impulse

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21 views

Assignment 2.4 Momentum & Impulse

Uploaded by

joshua g
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Anglo-Chinese School (Independent)

Year 5 IBDP Physics 2016


2.4 Momentum and Impulse

Conceptual Questions
1. We claim that momentum is conserved, yet most moving objects eventually slow down and
stop. Explain.

2. According to Eq. F Δt = Δp , the longer the impact time of an impulse, the smaller the force
can be for the same momentum change, and hence the smaller the deformation of the
object on which the force acts. On this basis, explain the value of air bags, which are
intended to inflate during an automobile collision and reduce the possibility of fracture or
death.

3. Is it possible for an object to receive a larger impulse from a small force than from a large
force? Explain.

4. A light object and a heavy object have the same kinetic energy. Which has the greater
momentum? Explain.

5. A Superball is dropped from a height h onto a hard steel plate (fixed to the Earth), from
which it rebounds at very nearly its original speed. (a) Is the momentum of the ball
conserved during any part of this process? (b) If we consider the ball and Earth as our
system, during what parts of the process is momentum conserved? (c) Answer part (b) for a
piece of putty that falls and sticks to the steel plate.

Momentum and Its Conservation


1. What is the magnitude of the momentum of a 28-g sparrow flying with a speed of 8.4 m s-1?
(0.24 kg m s-1 )

2. A child in a boat throws a 6.40-kg package out horizontally with a speed of 10.0 m s-1. Calculate
the velocity of the boat immediately after, assuming it was initially at rest. The mass of the child is
26.0 kg, and that of the boat is 45.0 kg. Ignore water resistance.
(-0.901 m s-1)

3 A 9300-kg boxcar traveling at 15.0 m s-1 strikes a second boxcar at rest. The two stick together and
move off with a speed of 6.0 m s-1. What is the mass of the second car? (1.4x104 kg)

Collisions and Impulse


4. A golf ball of mass 0.045 kg is hit off the tee at a speed of 45 m s-1. The golf club was in
contact with the ball for 3.5 x 10-3 s. Find (a) the impulse imparted to the golf ball, and (b)
the average force exerted on the ball by the golf club. (2.0 kg m s-1; 580 N)

5. A tennis ball of mass m = 0.060 kg and speed v = 25 m s-1 strikes a wall at a 45º angle and
rebounds with the same speed at 45º . What is the impulse (magnitude and direction)
given to the ball? (2.1 kg m s-1 to the left)

1
Elastic Collisions
6. A ball of mass 0.440 kg moving east (  x direction) with a speed of 3.30 m s-1 collides head-
on with a 0.220-kg ball at rest. If the collision is perfectly elastic, what will be the speed
and direction of each ball after the collision?
(1.10 m s-1 and 4.40 m s-1. both to the right)

7. Two billiard balls of equal mass undergo a perfectly elastic head-on collision. If one ball’s
initial speed was 2.00 m s-1, and the other’s was 3.00 m s-1 in the opposite direction, what
will be their speeds after the collision? ( - 3.00 m s-1; 2.00 m s-1 )

Inelastic Collisions
8. A 15.0-kg object moving in the  x direction at 5.5 m s-1 collides head-on with a 10.0-kg
object moving in the - x direction at 4.0 m s-1. Find the final velocity of each mass if: (a) the
objects stick together; (b) the collision is elastic; (c) the 15.0-kg object is at rest after the
collision; (d) the 10.0-kg object is at rest after the collision; (e) the 15.0-kg object has a
velocity of 4.0 m s-1 in the - x direction after the collision.
[(a) 1.7 (b) -2.1, 7.4 (c) 4.3 (d) 2.8 (e) 10.3]

GENERAL
9. (a) State the law of conservation of momentum.

(b) A solar propulsion engine uses solar power to ionize atoms of xenon and to accelerate
them. As a result of the acceleration process, the ions are ejected from the spaceship
with a speed of 3.0x104 ms-1.

(i) The mass (nucleon) number of xenon is 131. Deduce that the mass of one ion of
xenon is 2.2x10-25 kg.

(ii) The original mass of the fuel is 81 kg. Deduce that if the engine ejects 7.7x1018
xenon ions every second, the fuel will last for 1.5 years.
(1 year = 3.2x107s)

(iii) The mass of the spacecship is 5.4x102 kg. Deduce that the initial acceleration of the
spaceship is 8.2x10-5 ms-2.

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