School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight

 Promoter : School Education and Sports Department, Government of Maharashtra.

 Publisher : State Council of Educational Research and Training, Maharashtra, Pune.

Inspiration : Hon'ble Ranjit Singh Deol (I.A.S.)

Principal Secretary,
School Education and Sports Department, Mantralaya, Mumbai.

Guidance : Hon'ble Suraj Mandhare (I.A.S.)

Commissioner (Education),
Maharashtra State, Pune.
Hon'ble Pradipkumar Dange (I.A.S.)
State Project Director,
MPSP, Mumbai.

Editor : Hon'ble Rahul Rekhawar (I.A.S.)

Director,
State Council of Educational Research and Training, Maharashtra, Pune.

Co-Editors : Hon'ble Dr. Shobha Khandare

Joint Director,
State Council of Educational Research and Training, Maharashtra, Pune.

Hon'ble Dr. Kamaladevi Awate

Deputy Director,
State Council of Educational Research and Training, Maharashtra, Pune.

 Executive Editors : Hon'ble Arun Sangolkar

Head, Dept. of English Language,
State Council of Educational Research and Training, Maharashtra, Pune.

Hon'ble Dr. Ajaykumar Funde

Lecturer, Dept. of English Language,
State Council of Educational Research and Training, Maharashtra, Pune.

 First Edition : March 2024

 Financial Aid : STARS Project, MPSP, Mumbai.

 Printer : Runa Graphics, Pune.

 © All rights reserved with Publisher.

School Competitive Exams. - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - Two

 PREFACE
Learning is undoubtedly a continuous journey that demands dedication and
commitment. Inculcating competitive spirit among children and stay updated with the
latest advancements in all the fields is vital in today's rapidly evolving world. However,
learning can sometimes feel intimidating, requiring the right motivation for success.
Competition serves as a catalyst in this regard, motivating students to exert more efforts
to accomplish their goals.
Healthy Competition is crucial in learning as it fosters the pursuit of excellence.
The competitive atmosphere pushes learners to surpass their limits, setting higher targets
and standards. Consequently, productivity increases, performance improves, and superior
examination outcomes are achieved.
Furthermore, competition also helps learners develop essential skills that are critical
to success in today's world. These skills include problem-solving, critical thinking,
collaboration, time management, and teamwork, all of which are vital in both academics
and the professional realm.
'A competitive approach in learning' is particularly useful to prepare students for
competitive exams. Such exams require not only knowledge but also the ability to perform
variety of skills. The present reference book aims to develop a multi-learning approach
by immersing learners in a competitive learning environment where they can practise
and enhance their skills.
'A Reference Book for School Competitive Exams - English' is an innovative
approach to help children to prepare for different competitive exams at school level.
This reference book will motivate learners to put in the necessary efforts and help them
to develop essential skills.
As per the guidelines of NEP 2020 in accordance with the component SIG2-
Improved Learning Assessment System under the STARS project, SCERT, Maharashtra,
Pune has decided to provide a reference book for all the school level competitive exams
targeting the age group of 12 to 15 years. This book covers all the necessary topics to
be studied for preparing different competitive exams. This book follows the structure
comprising dipstick conceptual clarification, model questions with explanations and
questions for practice and answer key. Questions for practice will provide maximum
opportunities for students to master the techniques of solving examination papers.

School Competitive Exams. - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - Three

 'A Reference Book for School Competitive Exams  -  English' comprises well
categorized questions into simple to complex order of difficulty levels. Questions are
given here based on lower and higher order thinking skills. This book makes every effort
to use simple language and provides ample examples with answer keys.
English Language Department of State Council of Educational Research and
Training, Maharashtra, Pune has meticulously developed this reference book. with the
help of english experts from all over the state. SCERT, Maharashtra, Pune extends its
gratitude to them for their contribution. The Council is equally thankful to all other
experts who have diligently contributed to the development and production of this book.
We are confident that this book will be highly appreciated by students, facilitators, and
parents. This book will lay the foundation and be a milestone for school children in their
journey of different competitive exams such as MPSC, UPSC, etc. We hope that this
book will greatly assist our students and lead them to resounding success in competitive
examinations.
'A Reference Book for School Competitive Exams  -  English' will be the concrete
platform for the aspirants in achieving their performance in respective skills to expedites
their competitive spirit and career.

Enjoy Competitive Spirit!

School Competitive Exams. - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - Four

 A reference book for
School Competitive Exams
Subject : English - Standard : Eight
INDEX
Sr. No. Unit Sub Unit Page No.
1) Vocabulary 1.1 Similar Meanings 1
1.2 Find out the words which means 5
1.3 Synonyms and Antonyms 8
1.4 One Word Substitution 11
1.5 Word Formation 14
1.6 Phrases-Adjective, Noun, Verb and Adverb 19
1.7 Phrasal Verb 26
1.8 Contextual meaning of Words 29
1.9 Miscellaneous (Loan Words) 32
1.10 Indian Words used in Text Books
33
(Code Mixing  -  Non-English words)
1.11 Cloze Test 39
1.12 Acronyms 45
(A) Paronyms
(B) Homonyms
1.13 Foreign Words and Expressions 52
1.14 Writing Words by using given clues 57
1.15 Idioms and Phrases 61
1.16 Spelling Rules 66
1.17 Contraction 69
2) Word Puzzles 2.1 Crossword Puzzles 71
and Riddles 2.2 Riddles 72
2.3 Word Ladders 73
2.4 Word Web 77
2.5 Word Register 80
2.6 Grid 82
3) Language Study 3.1 Parts of Speech 89
3.2 The Function of Tenses 93
3.3 Kinds of Sentence, Clauses and Analysis 98
3.4 Types of Sentences (Transformation) 103

School Competitive Exams. - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - Five

Sr. No. Unit Sub Unit Page No.
3.5 Figures of Speech / Literary Devices 112
3.6 Synthesis 116
3.7 Gerund 123
3.8 Infinitives 127
3.9 Spotting Errors 131
3.10 Sentence Improvement 134
3.11 Selecting the Correct Sentences 138
4) Grammar 4.1 Articles 144
4.2 Kinds of Sentences 146
4.3 Active Voice and Passive Voice 150
4.4 Modal Auxiliaries 156
4.5 Conjunctions 159
4.6 Clauses 164
4.7 Degree of Comparison 173
4.8 Direct - Indirect Speech 179
4.9 Add a Question Tag 185
4.10 Punctuations 188
4.11 'Wh' - Questions 193
5. Composition and 5.1 Responding 198
Creative Writing 5.2 News 200
5.3 Advertisements 203
5.4 E-mail 205
5.5 Websites 208
5.6 SMS/Messaging 210
5.7 Slogans 212
5.8 Dialogue Writing 214
5.9 Letter Writing 217
5.10 Interview 219
5.11 Report Writing 223
5.12 Quotations 227
5.13 Comprehension 229
5.14 Travelogue 232
5.15 Leaflet 236
5.16 Notice 240
5.17 Appeal Writing 243
5.18 Tour Itinerary 246
6. Answer key 252

School Competitive Exams. - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - Six

 Unit : 1 Vocabulary
Sub Unit - 1.1 : Similar Meanings

Let's understand :
1) Similar meaning words express closely related meanings.
2) Similar words are a common part of every language and they are useful in writing, whether
you are writing a novel or e-mail.
3) Similar words are used in every parts of speech including nouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs
and prepositions. Let's take an example of 'good', as one of the most commonly used word,
'good' has lot of similar meanings that mean almost the same thing: fine, excellent, satisfactory,
wonderful, superb etc.
4) We must notice how the meanings are not always identical. For example, excellent is a high
degree of 'good', while satisfactory is more like a minimal amount of good. Still, the central
idea is the same. All these similar words refer to something that is positive and not bad.
Example : Shake
Similar Meaning
Move

Stir Budge
Wave
Push

Model Questions

Q. 1) Which of the following pair has the similar meaning :

1) beautiful - ugly
2) bravery - cowardice
3) beautiful - pretty 4) birth - death
Elaboration : Options (1) beautiful - ugly (2) bravery - cowardice and (4) birth - death are
pairs having opposite meanings. The correct similar meaning pair is option (3)
beautiful - pretty. Hence, option 3 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4
Q. 2) Choose the correct similar word that matches the phrase :
To make something bigger
1) blur
2) engage 3) enter 4) enlarge
Elaboration : Option (1) 'blur' means unclear, dim. Option (2) 'engage' means involve in or
participate in. Option (3) 'enter' means come in/into. 'Enlarge' means to increase,
expand in size. Hence, option 4 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 1

Q. 3) Choose the correct nearest similar meaning of the underlined word.

Orange juice is hundred percent purer than market made cold drinks.
1) natural
2) useful 3) sweet 4) artificial
Elaboration : Option (2) 'useful' means functional, practical or convenient. Option (3) 'sweet'
means sugary, nice or satisfying. Option (4) 'artificial' means fake or unnatural.
Option (1) 'Pure' means original, unmixed or natural. Hence, option 1 is the
correct answer. 1 2 3 4
Q. 4) Observe the pictures and words in the given chart and choose the correct options
of words with their pictures.
1) A and D
2) A and C
3) B and D
4) C and D

Elaboration : In the given above image, option (1) A 'sink' matches with both the images but
option 'D' doesn't match. Options 'B and D' don't match with both the images.
Option (4) 'C' matches with both the images but 'D' doesn't match. In Option
(2) both images 'A and C' and their similar meanings match perfectly. Hence,
option 2 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 5) Select the nearest correct meaning of the given word below : (Choose two options)
COURAGEOUS
1) coward
2) fearless 3) heroic 4) fickle
Elaboration : Options (1) and (4) 'coward and fickle' are opposites of COURAGEOUS. Options
(2) and (3) 'fearless and heroic' are the nearest synonyms of 'courageous'. Hence,
options 2 and 3 are correct answers. 1 2 3 4

Questions for practice

Q. 1) Choose the proper similar word for 'angry'.

1) scared
2) delighted 3) irritated 4) worried

Q. 2) Choose the correct similar words for :

An advice given to figure out the problem (Choose two options)
1) information
2) guidance 3) warning 4) counselling

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 2

Q. 3) Match the following words with similar meanings.

1) Companion a) Similarity 1) 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
2) Likeness
b) Replica 2) 1-c, 2-d, 3-b, 4-a
3) Duplicate
c) Commitment 3) 1-d, 2-a, 3-b, 4-c
4) Promise
d) Mate 4) 1-c, 2-a, 3-d, 4-b
Q. 4) Identify the meaning of underlined word.

The stage performer has to undergo several rehearsals before show.
1) director
2) audience 3) fan 4) actor
Q. 5) Find the incorrect pair of similar words.
1) huge - massive
2) couple - duo
3) normal- strange 4) beautiful - gorgeous
Q. 6) Choose two alternative which means the same as -

'Adventurous'
1) overbold
2) cautions 3) burning 4) dashing
Q. 7) Choose the similar meaning of the underlined phrase.

After the Headmaster had left the school premises, students tried to carry on as normal.
1) to continue with
2) to be concerned
3) to lose heart 4) to speak foolishly
Q. 8) Select the similar meaning for the following :

The story of a person written by another writer.
1) autobiography
2) biography
3) geography 4) photography
Q. 9) A book or set of books that gives information about many subjects, arranged in
order of the alphabet (= from A to Z )
1) dictionary
2) pictionary 3) encyclopaedia 4) facebook
Q. 10) Identify the name of the person who diagnoses and treats diseases and injuries.
1) physician
2) compounder 3) journalist 4) lawyer
Q. 11) Choose the correct sentence that means the same as 'privilege'.
1) Turn right when you reach the market.

2) The injured baby is all right now.
3) You are always right.
4) Education is a fundamental right of every child.

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 3

Q. 12) Select two similar words to the underlined. (Choose two options)

As the juggler began his street show, people crowded around him.
1) assembled
2) gathered 3) clapped 4) strolled
Q. 13) Fill in the gap with correct contextual phrases.

Some people ................................ , when we just point out their mistakes.
1) come across 2) take it to heart 3) join hands
4) run out

Q. 14) Observe the picture below and choose the appropriate proverb that fits it.
1) Well begun is half done.
2) Haste makes waste.
3) Work hard, dream big.
4) A bad workman always blames his tool.

Q. 15) Find the contextual meaning of 'poverty'.

1) to own property
2) the condition of being poor
3) to perform an action 4) to be powerful

Q. 16) Select two pairs of similar words.

1) solo - group
2) sane - mad
3) foretell - predict 4) expand - inflate
Q. 17) Match the words with their similar meanings.
A B
1) delicious a) a state of being ill
2) sickness b) highly tasty
3) flock c) wide in range
4) broad d) birds flying together

1) 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c 2) 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a

3) 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d 4) 1-c, 2-d, 3-b, 4-a

Q. 18) Choose two similar meanings for the underlined word. (Choose two options)

Virat has a remarkable aptitude for cricket.
1) quality
2) ability 3) efforts 4) potential

Q. 19) Identify the similar meaning of the word underlined.

It is difficult to retain in mind all that is taught in the class.
1) recall
2) prevent 3) keep 4) replace

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 4

Q. 20) Select the nearest correct meaning of the word given below.

unlawful
1) lawful
2) dangerous 3) preventive 4) illegal
Q. 21) Choose an appropriate synonym of the word underlined.

You should not be jealous of others.
1) gorgeous
2) envious 3) judicial 4) courageous
Q. 22) Choose two synonyms for the verb 'captivate’. (Choose two options)
1) cancel 2) fascinate 3) attract 4) modify
Q. 23) Select the similar meaning of the underlined word from the options given below.

The vociferous quarrel between husband and wife irritated the neighbours everyday.
1) silent
2) pleasant 3) loud 4) vulgar
Q. 24) Rearrange the given jumbled letters in correct order and select the name of the
vegetable.

CNPSIAH
1) Potato
2) Spinach 3) Carrot 4) Pumpkin
Q. 25) Select the first letter of each of the words given in the bracket and form a new
word. Select the option to which category the word belongs to.
(oil, rose, apple, nut, guava, ear)
1) fruit
2) flower 3) oil 4) vegetable

Sub Unit - 1.2 : Find out the words which means

Let's understand :
Definition of vocabulary : A language user's knowledge of words. Vocabulary in English can be
categorized into two types, namely- active and passive. The words that we use and understand in
day-to-day language are termed as active vocabulary while the ones which we know but use rarely
are said to be passive vocabulary.
Benefits :
1) It improves reading comprehension. Research has shown that kids need to understand 98%
of the words they read to understand what they are reading. ...
2) It's Important to Language Development.
3) Communicating Ideas.
4) Expressing yourself in Writing.
5) Occupational success.

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 5

 Model Questions

Q. 1) Open to more than one interpretation; not having one obvious meaning.

1) trite 2) opposite 3) exceptional 4) ambiguous
Elaboration : 1) trite : means lacking of originality. or freshness; dull on account of overuse
2) opposite : means contrary or radically different in some respect.
3) exceptional : means very unusual; unusually good.
4) ambiguous : means having or expressing more than one possible meaning,
sometimes intentionally.
Hence, option 4 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 2) Become apparent through the appearance of symptoms.

1) manifest 2) distinct 3) vague 4) divulge
Elaboration : 1) manifest : means clear or obvious to the eye or mind.
2) distinct : means recognizably different in nature from something else of a
similar type.
3) vague : means not clear or definite
4) divulge : means to tell something that is secret.
Hence, option 1 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4
Q. 3) Based on random choice or personal whim

1) auxiliary 2) arbitrary 3) allegory 4) ambulatory
Elaboration : 1) auxiliary : giving extra help.
2) arbitrary : means based on random choice or personal whim, rather than any
reason or system.
3) allegory : a story, play, picture, etc. in which truth each character or event
is a symbol representing an idea or a quality, such as truth, evil, death, etc.;
the use of such symbols.
4) ambulatory : relating or adapted for walking.
Hence, option 2 is the correct answer 1 2 3 4
Q. 4) An old dog was put to death humanely.

1) bloviate 2) deceased 3) euthanized 4) reposed
Elaboration : 1) bloviate : talk at length, especially in an inflated or empty way.
2) deceased : no longer living. especially : recently dead.
3) euthanized : put an animal to death humanely.
4) reposed : be situated or kept in a particular place.
Hence, option 3 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 6

Q. 5) Liquids forming a homogeneous mixture when added together

1) irascible 2) crucible 3) miscible 4) risible
Elaboration : 1) irascible : having or showing a tendency to be easily angered.
2) crucible : a place or situation in which people or ideas are tested, often
creating something new or exciting in the process.
3) miscible : forming a homogeneous mixture when added together
4) risible : provoking laughter through being ludicrous .
Hence, option 3 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Questions for practice

Q. 1) To delay or prevent someone or something by obstructing them.

1) to perturb
2) to impede 3) to irk 4) to faze

Q. 2) To treat with cruelty or violence.

1) wrong
2) abuse 3) pervert 4) fault

Q. 3) To pilfer or steal (something, especially an item of small value) in a casual way.

1) to loot 2) to filch 3) to rip off 4) to plunder

Q. 4) To have a strong emotional effect on.

1) to smother 2) to yield 3) to overwhelm 4) to forfeit
Q. 5) A substance that has no therapeutic effect, is used as a control in testing new
drugs.
1) sedentary 2) placebo 3) lax 4) torpid
Q. 6) Feeling or showing deep and solemn respect.
1) pious 2) reverent 3) humble 4) devout
Q. 7) Disgusting and an unpleasant smell.
1) oops 2) ouch 3) darn 4) rancid
Q. 8) Period of time during which a person that might have a disease is kept away from
other people so that the disease cannot spread.
1) solitude 2) seclusion 3) quarantine 4) desolate
Q. 9) To move hurriedly with short quick steps.
1) to scurry 2) to skim 3) to whirl 4) to zip
Q. 10) A person who is not accepted by a social group, especially because he or she is
not liked, respected, or trusted.
1) fugitive 2) vagrant 3) pariah 4) tramp
School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 7
Q. 11) Having a sensation of whirling and a tendency to fall or stagger.

1) volatile 2) wild 3) reckless 4) giddy
Q. 12) A rich source of something.

1) antecedent 2) lode 3) node 4) provenience
Q. 13) Not correct or true; incorrect.

1) wrong 2) abuse 3) pervert 4) fault
Q. 14) Relating to or characteristic of hell or the underworld.

1) douse 2) execrable 3) Elysium 4) infernal
Q. 15) To allay the sorrow or grief

1) to lament 2) to console 3) distress 4) solace

Sub Unit - 1.3 : Synonyms and Antonyms

Let's understand :
Synonyms and Antonyms are basic concepts in linguistics and language.
1) Synonyms : Synonyms are words that have similar meanings or convey the same or very
closely related ideas. For example, 'happy' and 'joyful' are synonyms because they both
express a positive and cheerful emotion.
2) Antonyms : Antonyms are words with opposite meanings. They express contrasting ideas.
For example, 'hot' and 'cold' are antonyms because they represent opposite temperature
conditions.
Understanding synonyms and antonyms is essential for effective communication, writing,
and expanding one's vocabulary. Synonyms can add variety and nuance (gyú‘ ^oX) to language,
while antonyms help to clearly differentiate between concepts and ideas.

Model Questions

Q. 1) Select the similar meaning of the word 'Big'.

1) Small 2) Enormous 3) Tiny 4) Little
Elaboration : 'Enormous' is a similar meaning of the word 'Enormous' because it means
extremely large or substantial. Hence, option 2 is the correct answer.
1 2 3 4

Q. 2) Which word is a synonym for 'Intelligent'?

1) Stupid 2) Smart 3) Handsome 4) Foolish
Elaboration : 'Smart' is a synonym for 'Intelligent' as both words describe a high level of
mental ability. Hence, option 2 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 8

Q. 3) What is a synonym for 'beautiful'?
1) Ugly 2) Attractive 3) Plain 4) Gorgeous
Elaboration : 'Gorgeous' is a synonym for 'beautiful' because it suggests great beauty or
attractiveness. Hence, option 4 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4
Q. 4) Choose the antonym for 'dark' :
1) Light 2) Dim 3) Shadowy 4) Gloomy
Elaboration : 'Light' is the antonym of 'dark' as it signifies the absence of darkness and
brightness. Hence, option 1 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 5) Which word is an antonym of 'begin'?

1) Start 2) Cease 3) Commence 4) Initiate
Elaboration : The antonym of "begin" is "cease" because it means to stop or Discontinue.
Hence, option 2 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Questions for practice

Q. 1) Select the correct synonym of 'Precious'

1) Inexpensive 2) Worthless 3) Cheap 4) Valuable
Q. 2) Find out the correct antonym from the following : Shallow
1) vast
2) wide 3) deep 4) noisy
Q. 3) Choose two correct similar words of ‘Blunder’.
1) Accomplishment
2) Error
3) Success 4) Mistake
Q. 4) Select the correct synonym of "Transparent'.
1) Opaque
2) Clear 3) Hazy 4) Unclear
Q. 5) Choose the correct opposite word for the word 'Gloomy'.
1) Cheerful
2) Idle 3) Ominous 4) Sad
Q. 6) Choose the correct antonym of the word 'former'.
1) later
2) latter 3) previous 4) last
Q. 7) Choose the correct synonym of 'Disgrace'.
1) graceful
2) dishonour 3) depress 4) disappoint
Q. 8) Choose an appropriate synonym for the word 'Drowsy'.
1) sleepy
2) alert 3) famous 4) tired

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 9

Q. 9) Choose the opposite word of the underlined word from the following.
He is guilty.
1) Criminal
2) Virtuous 3) Sinful 4) Innocent
Q. 10) Choose the similar meaning for 'mourn'.
1) lament
2) morning 3) celebrate 4) console
Q. 11) Which of the following words has the same meaning as the word 'candid' ?
1) frank
2) hostile 3) insincere 4) casual
Q. 12) What is the antonym of 'defend' ?
1) depend
2) attack 3) protect 4) offend
Q. 13) What is the antonym of 'strong'?
1) feeble
2) powerful 3) mighty 4) coward
Q. 14) Which word is the antonym of 'greedy' ?
1) mean
2) selfish 3) hungry 4) generous
Q. 15) Which of the following is not the synonym of the word 'fresh' ?
1) unused
2) new 3) stale 4) lively
Q. 16) Which word is the antonym of 'hurt'?
1) injure
2) heal 3) harm 4) heart
Q. 17) What is the synonym of 'seldom'?
1) often
2) frequently 3) rarely 4) always
Q. 18) One should be loyal to one's duty.
Which Prefix will you put before the underlined word to get its opposite?
1) un-
2) in- 3) ab- 4) dis-
Q. 19) Which of the two following options are not the synonyms of the word ‘Reveal’.
1) Hide
2) Unfold 3) Conceal 4) Discover
Q. 20) What is the antonym of 'liberty' ?
1) freedom
2) oppression 3) choice 4) dependence
Q. 21) Select a word nearest to the meaning of 'repentance'.
1) revenge
2) pride 3) pity 4) remorse
Q. 22) Choose the appropriate synonym of the word 'instance'.
1) proof
2) insurance 3) example 4) market
Q. 23) Choose the correct antonym of 'rural'.
1) urban
2) rustic 3) wealthy 4) polished

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 10

Q. 24) Choose the correct alternative from the following which expresses the opposite
meaning of the given word : 'Shallow'.
1) High
2) Hidden 3) Hollow 4) Deep
Q. 25) He won the race because of his agility.
Choose the opposite word of the underlined word from the following.
1) cleverness 2) skill 3) nimbleness 4) clumsiness

Sub Unit - 1.4 : One Word Substitution

Let's understand :
'One Word Substitution' as the name suggests, questions based on this concept ask you to replace
a given sentence with an appropriate word. In other words, it refers to those types of questions
where a sentence or a phrase is simply replaced by a word that describes the whole sentence. It
makes the sentence structure more precise. To make the language crisp, short and intact. This not
only makes the language easily comprehensible but also makes it beautiful.
The categories of One Word Substitution Phobias.
Mania words Study-related words Group/Collection Likes/Dislikes.
Government/Political Systems-related words People/Person.
Profession/Occupation-related words.

Model Questions

Q. 1) The fear of insects is ………………………………….

1) entomophobia 2) hylophobia 3) basiphobia 4) acrophobia
Elaboration : Hylophobia means fear of wood, basiphobia means fear of falling, acrophobia
means fear of height. Hence, option 1 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 2) Dinesh is person who keeps records of historical value.

His colleague calls him....
1) historian 2) recorder 3) archivist 4) amateurs
Elaboration : Historian writes history, recorder keeps record, whereas amateur engage in
activity without payment, archivist in charge of and maintains archives. Hence,
option 2 is correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 3) The study of the origin and history of words is….

1) etymology 2) geology 3) hagiology 4) limnology
Elaboration : Geology is a science that deals with earth, hagiology is a study of saints and
limnology means study of lakes. Hence, option 1 is the correct answer.
1 2 3 4

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 11

Q. 4) Any medicine which produces insensibility is ....
1) Antidote 2) Epidemic 3) Anaesthetic 4) Immune
Elaboration : Antidote counteracts, epidemic is spread of disease, immune means resist. Hence,
option 3 is the correct answer. 1 2 4

Q. 5) Servile, fawning, sycophantic these words are similar in meaning with ...
1) obsequious 2) percipient 3) insipid 4) reverent
Elaboration : Obsequious or alternative means obedient, to an extreme degree percipient is a
one who has a good sight, reverent means respectful, wisped lacking. Hence,
option 1 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Questions for practice

Q. 1) Ganesh doesn't know how to read and write. His friends call him.
1) lazy bone 2) academic 3) learned 4) Illiterate
Q. 2) A physician who specializes in diseases of skin.
1) Dermatologist 2) Anaesthesiologist
3) Cardiologist 4) Cytotechnologist
Q. 3) One who accepts pleasure and pain equally.
1) sadist 2) stoic 3) egoist 4) none of it
Q. 4) A person who renounces material comforts and leads a life of austere self-discipline.
1) ascetic 2) sceptic 3) cynosure 4) none of it
Q. 5) A person who loves learning and literature; by studying and via scholarship.
1) Philologist 2) Writer 3) Philosopher 4) None of it
Q. 6) Misogynist is a person who hates ................ .
1) man 2) woman 3) children 4) family
Q. 7) One who is unwilling to spend money or use resources;
1) stingy 2) frugal 3) parsimonious 4) all of them
Q. 8) A person who tends to expect that good things will happen.
1) optimist 2) opportunist 3) optics 4) none of it
Q. 9) To describe 'Epic', which of the following definition is correct.
a) It is typically a story or writing to describe events.
b) the legendary and heroic events and happenings of a period in history.
1) only 'a' 2) only 'b' 3) both 'a' and 'b' 4) none

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 12

Q. 10) A large cage, house, or enclosure, in which birds are kept.
1) aviary 2) cage 3) zoo 4) all of them
Q. 11) Find the correct word for the following,
'the system of government by paid employee, qualified, officials'
1) Bureaucracy 2) Aristocracy 3) Monocracy 4) Democracy
Q. 12) Choose the correct synonym of 'Omnipotent'.
1) All knowing 2) Present everywhere
3) All powerful 4) Merciful
Q. 13) Choose the correct word for the phrase 'one who can speak many languages.'
1) a linguist 2) a polyglot 3) a phonetician 4) a multilinguist
Q. 14) Choose the appropriate word to complete the sentence.

The man who receives guests is called ....
1) host 2) owner 3) master 4) receiver
Q. 15) Choose the alternative which is nearest in meaning to the word 'bilabial'.
1) of two labels 2) closure or near closure of two lips
3) of two levels 4) of two layers
Q. 16) 'Cemetery' is ...
1) a playground of cement.
2) a cement platform.
3) an area of land for the burial of dead people.
4) a stage to perform functions.
Q. 17) Give the correct word for phrase.

' a complete absence of law and order '
1) Autocracy 2) Democracy 3) Aristocracy 4) Anarchy
Q. 18) Choose the correct one word substitute :

Animals that eat both flesh and grass.
1) Herbivorous 2) Omnivorous 3) Carnivorous 4) Graminivorous
Q. 19) Choose the correct word for denoting field of science that : study the life of animal.
1) Botany 2) Ornithology 3) Zoology 4) Agronomy
Q. 20) A man of odd habits is called.
1) Moody 2) Cynical 3) Eccentric 4) Introvert

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 13

 Sub Unit - 1.5 : Word Formation

Let's understand :
Definition of Word Formation : Word Formation is called a process through which word can be
transformed from one class to another.
Formation of new word from the root word is called word formation. There are multiple ways
to form new words.
Types of word formation : The formation of new words can be classified into four types based
on how the process of formation is worked out. They are -
1) By adding Prefixes : A prefix is a word, syllable or letter added to the beginning of a root
word to alter its meaning. Some prefixes work as negative prefixes
Examples :
in-correct = incorrect un-happy = unhappy
Im-possible = impossible. dis-honest = dishonest
ir- responsible = irresponsible. non-violence = nonviolence
mis-spelt = misspelt. anti-virus = antivirus
il-literate = illiterate ab-normal = abnormal
a-political = apolitical
2) By adding Suffixes : Suffixes are added to the root word at the end to change the class of
the word.
Examples : Some most commonly used suffixes include -
Suffixes that make Nouns :
collect-ion = collection. inform-ation = information
conclude-sion = conclusion honest-y = honesty
similar-ity = similarity teach-er = teacher
act-or = actor kind = kindness
agree-ment = agreement friend-ship = friendship
guide-ance = guidance depend-ence = dependence
rival-ry = rivalry train-ee = trainee
cover-age = coverage
Suffixes that make Adjectives : talent + ed = talented
(Noun) (Suffix) (Adjective)
Judgement-al = judgemental Comfort-able = comfortable
delight-ful = delightful create-ive = creative
possess-ive = possessive affection-ate = affectionate
love-ly = lovely fool-ish = foolish
hand-some = handsome courage-ous = courageous

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 14


Suffixes that make Verbs :
bright-en = brighten class-ify = classify
dark-en = darken critic-ize = criticize
Suffixes that make Adverbs : high-ly = highly
3) By forming compound words : White + board = white-board
(Adjective) (Noun) (Noun)
white + wash = whitewash over + load = overload
break + fast = breakfast fish + tank = fish tank
4) Conversions : It is done by converting from one-word class to another. In linguistics,
conversion is called zero derivation. Conversion refers to the word formation process whereby
words belonging to one-word class are formed from an existing word belonging to another
word class.

a) Adjective to Noun :
Example : ISRO's talented scientists showed their talent in successfully landing the
Chandrayan-3 on Moon.

b) Noun to Adjective :
Example : To fetch one glass of juice, you need three juicy oranges.

c) Verb to Noun :
Example : The hungry man enjoyed his lunch with more enjoyment.

d) Noun to Verb : To see an increase in the profit, the company can increase in productivity.

Model Questions

Q. 1) Identify the adverb from the given options ..................... .

1) friendly 2) loudly 3) lovely 4) timely
Elaboration : Generally, adverbs are formed by adding 'ly' suffix to the adjectives whereas
some adjectives are formed by Noun + ly formation. But here option (1) friendly
(3) lovely and (4) timely are formed by Noun + ly formation whereas option
(2) 'loudly' is an adverb formed by Adjective + ly formation. Hence, option 2
is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 2) Which of the following is the word with 'prefix'.

1) courageous 2) miscarriage 3) thoughtful 4) interesting
Elaboration : In option (1) the word 'courageous' is formed by adding 'ous' suffix to the root
word 'courage'. In option (3) and (4) the words 'thoughtful' and 'interesting' are
the words formed by adding suffixes 'ful' and 'ing' respectively. Option (2) is
the only word with the prefix 'mis'. Hence, option 2 is the correct answer.
1 2 3 4

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 15

Q. 3) Choose the correct adjective to fill the gap from the given options.
My cousin is a ................... boy who loves to compose songs.
1) create 2) creation 3) creative 4) creatively
Elaboration : In option (1) 'create' is a verb. In option (2) 'creation' is a noun. In option (4)
'creatively' is an adverb. In option (3) 'creative' is an adjective that perfectly
describes 'boy' as a subject complement. Hence, option 3 is the correct answer.
1 2 3 4

Q. 4) Choose the incorrect pair of Noun Formation.

1) smart - smartness 2) scholar - scholarship
3) star - stardom 4) cheer - cheerful
Elaboration : In the above given options (1), (2) and (3) ‘ness', 'ship' and 'dom' are noun
forming suffixes whereas in option (4) 'ful' is an adjective forming suffix. The
incorrect pair of noun formation is ‘cheer- cheerful’. Hence, option 4 is the
correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 5) Choose two words that go with the prefix 'mis' to make their opposites. (Choose
two correct options)
1) fortune 2) courage 3) understand 4) belief
Elaboration : The words in the options (2) 'courage' and (4) 'belief' go with prefix 'dis' to make
their opposites whereas the words in the options (1) 'fortune' and (3) 'understand'
go with prefix 'mis' to make their opposites. Hence, options 1 and 3 are correct
answers. 1 2 3 4

Questions for practice

Q. 1) Match the following words in column A with their appropriate suffixes in

column B :

Column A Column B
1) 1-d, 2-b, 3-a, 4-c
1) agree a) ship 2) 1-c, 2-a, 3-d, 4-b
2) lord b) ful 3) 1-c, 2-a, 3-b, 4-d
3) courage c) ment
4) 1-d, 2-a, 3-c, 4-b
4) need d) ous

Q. 2) Choose two correct words without suffix : (Choose two options)

1) sandy 2) candy 3) handy 4) happy

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 16

Q. 3) Choose the correct combination of Adjective+Noun compound word :
1) park view 2) blue ocean 3) bath tub 4) ready made
Q. 4) Choose the proper suffix to complete the given web below :
1) ment
Champion Citizen
2) ness
?
3) ship
Leader
Member 4) ful
Q. 5) Which of the following two words are without prefix.
1) incorrect 2) industry 3) interest 4) insufficient
Q. 6) Choose the odd one out :
1) remove 2) regal 3) recover 4) recall
Q. 7) One of the words given below can't be formed by using the letters of the given
word. Find out that word :
AUTOBIOGRAPHY
1) GROUP 2) GRAPH 3) TOUGH 4) GREAT
Q. 8) Complete the word by adding proper suffix to make it an adjective :
Response .....................
1) ible 2) able 3) ic 4) ful
Q. 9) Fill in the gap with appropriate word with negative prefix :
In the final exam, you can write either a formal or .............. letter.
1) uniformal 2) disformal 3) informal 4) imformal
Q. 10) Read the given sentence and choose the correct derivation of the underlined words
(conversion).
Water the plant regularly as water is essential for its life.
1) noun to verb 2) verb to noun
3) adjective to noun 4) verb to verb
Q. 11) Fill in the blank with proper the word with negative prefix.
Till today, many of the village people are .............. by money lenders.
1) non treated 2) intreated 3) ill-treated 4) untreated
Q. 12) Select the combination of proper numbers so that letters arranged accordingly will
form a meaningful noun.

F T O N U E R 1) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 2) 4 6 2 5 7 3 1

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 3) 1 3 7 2 5 4 6 4) 3 2 5 4 1 7 6

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 17

Q. 13) Which of the following is a mismatch of the Verb - Noun pair?
1) attract - attractive 2) converse - conversation
3) observe - observation 4) punish - punishment
Q. 14) Use the word in the capital to form a word that fits in the gap.
The committee has just announced the .................... for the Oscar.
NOMINATE
1) nominee 2) nominated 3) nominations 4) nominating
Q. 15) Focus on the underlined words in the sentence and choose the correct derivation
of the word class (conversion).
Both the batsmen tried to run for the second run.
1) Noun to Verb 2) Verb to Noun
3) Adjective to Noun 4) Verb to Verb
Q. 16) Choose an appropriate suffix that converts the given verb into noun and adjective.
(Choose two correct options)
Pay ..............
1) ment 2) ee 3) ish 4) able
Q. 17) Select the missing noun with proper suffix into the gap.
Verb
Noun 1) knew 2) known
know
....................... 3) unknown 4) knowledge

Q. 18) Select the missing verb with proper prefix into the gap.
Noun
Verb 1) carriage 2) encourage
Courage
............... 3) courageous 4) courageously

Q. 19) Look at the set of words. How best these words can be described as :
BEDROOM, SIX-PACK, WHITE BOARD
1) common nouns 2) collective nouns
3) compound nouns 4) proper nouns
Q. 20) Select the proper suffix that forms nouns of the given below verbs.
(manage, engage, arrange, settle)
1) ship 2) ness 3) ance 4) ment
Q. 21) Choose two correct words that can be formed with 'ir' prefix to make it opposite.
(Choose two correct options)
1) literate 2) repairable 3) responsible 4) possible

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 18

Q. 22) Select two meaningful compound words. (Choose two options)
1) fingerprints 2) fingertip 3) finger sky 4) finger cash
Q. 23) Choose the correct prefix for the word in the bracket to fill the gap. (New)
Unless you ............. your passport, you can't travel to the US.
1) un 2) re 3) pre 4) post
Q. 24) Choose proper prefix and suffix in place of the stars to complete the following
word puzzle.
g
1) mis, or
r
2) dis, sh
a
3) non, ic
   s t o p
4) pre, er
h


Q. 25) Choose the correct derivation of word class (conversion) to fill in the blanks :
Can ................ eyes shed the ........................ ?
1) water, watery 2) watery, water
3) water, water 4) watered, watering

Sub Unit - 1.6 : Phrases - Adjective, Noun, Verb and Adverb

Adjective Phrase
Let's understand :
A Phrase is a group of words that add meaning to a sentence.
An adjective phrase is a group of words. that qualify a noun or pronoun in a sentence.
An adjective phrase usually contain at least one adjective.
An adjective phrase serves the same purpose as an adjective. That means it qualifies a noun.
How to identify adjective phrases ?
Step I : Identify the adjectives in the sentence.
Step II : Then identify all the modifiers, prepositions, prepositional phrases and qualifiers.
Things to remember :
 The adjective phrase can come before or after the noun or pronoun.
 Sentences with preposition and participle are also called adjective phrases.

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 19

 Model Questions

Q. 1) Identify the adjective phrase.

He was wearing a crown made of gold.

1) gold 2) wearing a crown
3) crown 4) made of gold
Elaboration : The crown is made of gold and it describes crown. Hence, option 4 is the correct
answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 2) There, I met a girl with blue eyes.

1) with blue eyes 2) blue
3) eyes 4) a girl
Elaboration : The eyes of the girl described as blue. Hence, option 1 is the correct answer.
1 2 3 4

Q. 3) A man with a long beard came to see me.

1) with a long beard 2) beard
3) a man 4) to see
Elaboration : Beard has been described as ‘long'. Hence, option 1 is the correct answer.
1 2 3 4

Q. 4) The witness for the defense had a lot of evidence.

1) had 2) a lot of 3) defense 4) evidence
Elaboration : Quantity of evidence described as a lot. Hence, option 2 is the correct
answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 5) We visited many villages without inhabitants.

1) without 2) villages
3) without inhabitants. 4) many villages
Elaboration : The village described as without inhabitants. Hence, option 3 is the correct
answer. 1 2 3 4

Questions for practice

Q. 1) Identify the adjective phrases.

The girls always wanted to visit the park beside the lake.

1) park
2) beside the lake 3) visit 4) girls

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 20

Q. 2) People in the news are frequently embarrassed.
1) are
2) people
3) embarrassed 4) in the news
Q. 3) We only want the variety show with the best acts to perform tomorrow.
1) variety show 2) we
3) with the best acts 4) want
Q. 4) The kids (under the carport) are colouring their pictures.
1) under the carport
2) kids
3) colouring 4) pictures
Q. 5) Will you cook me a packet (of Ramen noodles) ?
1) cook 2) pack
3) of Ramen noodles 4) noodles

Noun Phrase
Let's understand :
A noun phrase is a group of words that consists of a noun (or pronoun eg. he, she, it) and
other words that modify the noun. Modifiers can refer to articles (a/an/the), quantifiers (some, a
lot, a little), demonstratives (this, that, those), possessives (his, her, their), adjectives or adverbs.
Noun phrases are used to give more information about a noun. They can function as the
subject, object or complement of a sentence.
Noun phrase examples :
Here are some examples of the types of phrases known as noun phrases.
In the sentence :
"Your black cat is always outside."
The noun phrase is "Your black cat."
It is used to add detail to the sentence, by indicating the subject (cat) and describing it (a cat that
is black and belongs to someone).
In the sentence :
"I saw a scary movie at midnight."
The noun phrase is "A scary movie."
It is used to indicate the object of the sentence (a movie) and provide a description of it (scary).
(It has been argued that a noun phrase CAN consist of only one word, which would be either a
noun or pronoun.
"Beth is walking home from school."
Here, Beth is the only noun in the sentence, so it can be considered a one-word noun phrase.
Everything you'll need for your studies in)

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 21

 Model Questions

Q. 1) What is the noun phrase in 'The young man is here'

1) the young man 2) man
3) is here 4) young man
Elaboration : Option 1 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 2) Identify the noun phrase in 'I hope to win the first prize'
1) I hope 2) the first prize 3) first prize 4) to win
Elaboration : Option 2 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 3) The noun phrase is formed from the combination of all these except.

1) possessive 2) noun 3) adjective 4) verb
Elaboration : Option 4 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 4) Identify the noun phrase in 'She lives in a very old house'.

1) a very old house 2) old house
3) a very 4) she live in
Elaboration : Option 1 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 5) What is the noun phrases in 'The football coach got very upset'.

1) football coach 2) football
3) the coach 4) the football coach
Elaboration : Option 4 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Questions for practice

Q. 1) Identify the noun phrase in 'She is my favourite English teacher.'

1) she is
2) my favourite
3) English teacher 4) my favourite English teacher
Q. 2) In a noun phrase headword is a
1) adjective 2) article
3) demonstrative 4) noun
Q. 3) An example of a noun phrase is
1) his
2) the tall tree 3) long 4) that
Q. 4) An example of noun phrase is
1) beautiful
2) these mangoes 3) an 4) their

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 22

Q. 5) What is the noun phrase in 'I decided to walk down the yellow, brick road'
1) the yellow brick road
2) to walk down
3) I decided 4) yellow, brick road
Verb Phrase

Let's understand :
A verb phrase is a group of words that consists of a head (main) verb and other verbs
such as copular verbs (verbs that join the subject to the subject complement ie., seems,
appears, tastes) and auxiliaries (helping verbs ie., be, do, have). It can also include other
modifiers. A verb phrase has the function of a verb in a sentence.
Verb phrase examples
Here are some examples of verb phrases.
In the sentence :
"Dave was walking his dog."
The verb phrase is "Was walking."
It consists of the auxiliary verb 'was', which indicates the tense of the sentence, and
the main verb 'walking', which indicates the action.
In the sentence :
"She will go to the party tonight."
The verb phrase is "will go."
It consists of the modal verb 'will', which indicates a degree of certainty, and the
main verb 'go' which indicates the future action.

Model Questions

Q. 1) Identify the phrasal verb in the following sentence.

'He has to work out regularly to stay fit'
1) to stay fit 2) has to work out 3) work out 4) to stay
Elaboration : Option 3 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 2) Identify the phrasal verb in the following sentence.

'She comes across as a very pleasant person'
1) comes across as 2) a very
3) she comes 4) pleasant person
Elaboration : Option 1 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 23

Q. 3) Identify the phrasal verb in the following sentence.
'We need to cut back on our expenses'.

1) need to cut 2) our expenses
3) to cut back on 4) we need
Elaboration : Option 3 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 4) Identify the phrasal verb in the following sentence.

The team pulled together to finish the project on time.

1) the team 2) pulled together 3) on time 4) finish the
Elaboration : Option 2 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 5) Whale watching has attracted many tourists.

1) whale 2) has watching 3) has attracted 4) whale watching
Elaboration : Option 3 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Questions for practice

Q. 1) A verb phrase consists of

1) a main verb
2) subject and verb
3) main verb and helping verb 4) a helping verb
Q. 2 to 5) Read the following sentence and identify the verb phrase.
Q. 2) Star's mane was blowing in the summer wind.
1) was
2) blowing 3) was blowing 4) was blowing in
Q. 3) Galloping through ghost valley can be scary.
1) galloping
2) can be 3) galloping through 4) can be frightening
Q. 4) Moon, the leader of the night horses, is decorative with white ribbons on his coat.
1) is decorative with
2) leader 3) leader of 4) has white ribbon
Q. 5) Flying all day long has made cloudy grumpy.
1) flying 2) flying all 3) grumpy 4) has made
Adverb Phrase
Let's understand :
Adverb phrases typically answer the questions how, where, why or when something was
done Adverb Phrases show How, Where, Why, When
A simple adverb phrase usually contains an adverb and at least one other word before or after
it, though a prepositional phrase or infinitive phrase can also act as an adverbial.

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 24

 Model Questions

Q. 1) The carpenter hit the nail with a hammer.

1) carpenter 2) with a hammer 3) the carpenter 4) hit the nail
Elaboration : Option 2 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 2) The woman who lives next door is a doctor.

1) lives 2) next 3) next door 4) lives
Elaboration : Option 3 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 3) Which of the following is an adverb phrase ?

1) The exams were extremely tough.
2) After the sunset.
3) Her eyes were mesmerizing.
4) He loves to walk in the park.
Elaboration : Option 2 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 4) We must finish our project before the holidays.

1) must finish 2) before the holidays
3) the holidays 4) the holidays
Elaboration : Option 2 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 5) John buy's two CD's every month.

1) John 2) buy's 3) two CD's 4) every month
Elaboration : Option 4 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Questions for practice

Q. 1 to 10) Find out adverb phrases from the following.

Q. 1) Ganesh ran into his room.
1) into his room 2) Ganesh ran 3) ran into 4) his room
Q. 2) We chatted for a while.
1) chatted for a while 2) for a while
3) We chatted 4) chatted for
Q. 3) I whispered in his ear.
1) whispered 2) I whispered 3) his ear 4) in his ear
Q. 4) Work must be done at any cost.
1) must be done 2) at any cost 3) be done 4) any cost

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 25

Q. 5) She shouted at the top of her voice.
1) top of her voice 2) She shouted
3) at the top of her voice 4) She shouted at
Q. 6) They lay beside the heap of the corn.
1) lay beside 2) beside the heap
3) They lay beside 4) heap of the corn.
Q. 7) He went sailing over the sea.
1) went sailing 2) He went
3) sailing over the sea 4) over the sea
Q. 8) The desert stretched towards the south.
1) desert stretched 2) towards the south
3) stretched towards 4) The desert
Q. 9) Are there trees on the moon?
1) Trees 2) The moon
3) There trees 4) On the moon
Q. 10) Meena performed the task with great skill.
1) with great skill 2) great skill
3) Meena performed 4) performed the task

Sub Unit - 1.7 : Phrasal Verb

Let's understand :
A verb that is combined with an adverb or a preposition, or sometimes both, to give a new
meaning, such as 'look after' or 'put somebody off.'
Types of Phrasal Verbs :
1) Transitive Phrasal Verbs : a transitive phrasal verb can be identified by its demand for an
object.
2) Intransitive Phrasal Verbs : Intransitive phrasal verbs behave exactly like intransitive verbs.
They do not require an object to complete the sentence they are used in or to make sense
of the context.
3) Separable Phrasal Verbs : Separable phrasal verbs include transitive phrasal verbs which
have the characteristic property of separating the phrasal verb with the object in between.
There is, however, a word order which should be taken into account when separating the
phrasal verb.
4) Inseparable Phrasal Verbs : Inseparable phrasal verbs, as the name suggests, cannot be
separated from each other and have to be used together, no matter what.

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 26

 Model Questions

Q. 1-5) Choose the correct option for following sentences.

Q. 1) Please ..................... your socks before you enter the room.
1) stand for - it means.
2) run into - collide with someone or something
3) take off - to remove the thing or leave the place/surface
4) go through - experience something/book.
Elaboration : Here, Somebody request to remove the thing. here, socks. Hence, option 3 is
the correct answer. 1 2 3 4
Q. 2) The employees ........................ a strike.
1) called for - to decide or planned the event called for
2) check out - the place / point from where someone go out
3) pull off - succeed in achieving or winning something difficult
4) hold against - allow past actions or circumstances to have a negative influence on
someone's present attitude towards someone.
Elaboration : Here, in this sentence, the employee's planning for strike. Hence, option 1 is
the correct answer. 1 2 3 4
Q. 3) The neighbour asked us to .................... the music.

1) check out - the place/point from where someone go out

2) go through - experience something/book.
3) fill in - put material into a hole or space.
4) turn down - adjust a control on a device to reduce the volume or level.
Elaboration : Here, in this sentence, they are talking about music. Hence, option 4 is the
correct answer. 1 2 3 4
Q. 4) Please ...................... the lights when you leave.
1) tuned off - to ignore someone or not pay attention to something.
2) hold on - to wait or stop for a moment.
3) Turn off - switched off
4) pull off - succeed in achieving or winning something difficult.
Elaboration : Here, in this sentence, the light and leaving mentioned. Hence, option 3 is the
correct answer. 1 2 3 4

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 27

Q. 5) .......................... the study materials the teacher gave you.
1) hold on - to wait or stop for a moment.
2) run into - collide with someone or something.
3) go through - experience something/book.
4) fill in - put material into a hole or space.
Elaboration : Here, in this sentence, somebody instruct to do/experience something. Hence,
option 3 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Questions for practice

Q. 1) ....................... the surgeon immediately, the patient needs her.

1) Fill in 2) Call in 3) Hold on 4) Run into
Q. 2) Please ....................... this application and submit it there.
1) run into 2) tuned off 3) go through 4) stand for
Q. 3) Bhola and his family ....................... the kid as their own.
1) brought up 2) hit a sack 3) Break the ice 4) A perfect storm
Q. 4) All the tickets for the Avengers were ....................... .
1) cut to the chase 2) sold out
3) on cloud nine 4) come rain and shine
Q. 5) My car ....................... in the middle of the road.
1) broke down 2) bite the bullet 3) calm down 4) Beat around the bush
Q. 6) Did she .................... my phone number ?
1) call in 2) fill in 3) backed up 4) Run into
Q. 7) The fireman had to ...................... the room to rescue the children.
1) go through 2) turn off 3) hold on 4) break into
Q. 8) Doctors had to ................... his appendix.
1) dance away 2) while away 3) fritter away 4) take out
Q. 9) The truth of the matter finally .................. Tina.
1) add in 2) dawned on 3) throw a party 4) account for
Q. 10) Joan had .................. to him with her usual cheerful smile.
1) agree with 2) appeal to 3) apply for 4) come up
Q. 11) The terrorists are threatening to ................. the plane.
1) back down 2) back up 3) blow up 4) back away

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 28

Q. 12) The kid decided to ...................... a new hobby.
1) blow up 2) take up 3) boot up 4) deal with
Q. 13) The judges will .................. to their decision for a while.
1) hold on 2) end up 3) get away 4) get into
Q. 14) Please don't ......................... all your money.
1) hang up 2) make fun off 3) give away 4) allow for
Q. 15) Tomorrow's match has been .................. because of the rainy weather.
1) break away 2) black out 3) sold out 4) called off

Sub Unit - 1.8 : Contextual meaning of Words

Let's understand :
In English language, there are some words or expressions which have more than one meaning.
The Meaning of the word changes according to the context in the sentence.
For example :
1) Go to right. 2) You are right.
In the above two sentences, the spelling of both right is same but meaning of first right is
direction and meaning of second right is correct. The meaning of right has changed according
to the context. Students have to understand the meaning of the particular word or expression or
phrase with the help of context.

Model Questions

Q. 1) Find the correct meaning of underlined phrase :

Ramesh had a lion's share in today's cricket match win.
1) good work 2) the greatest share
3) lion’s braveness 4) running like a lio
Elaboration : In the above sentence, the contextual meaning of a lion's share is the greatest
share. Hence, option 2 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 2) Find out the correct meaning of the underlined phrase :

Kavita's progress is at snail's pace due to her laziness.
1) very good 2) very fast 3) very slow 4) bravely
Elaboration : In the above sentence, the phrase snail’s space means very slow according to
the context. Hence, option 3 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 29

Q. 3) Ishian Kishan has a bright future.
In the above sentence bright means ...........
1) brilliant 2) intelligent 3) colourful 4) successful
Elaboration : The meaning of bright is successful in the above sentence according to the
context. Hence, option 4 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 4) Select the correct meaning of the given proverb.

Two heads are better than one.
1) It's hard to do something as a team.
2) Two heads are not important.
3) It's easier to do something as a team than by yourself.
4) It's too heavy work.
Elaboration : The meaning of given proverb is it's easier to do something as a team than by
yourself. Hence, option 3 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 5) Seeta searched her lost ring in every nook and corner.

1) in all corners 2) everywhere 3) in every bag 4) in the jungle
Elaboration : The meaning of the underlined phrase according to the context is everywhere.
Hence, option 2 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Questions for practice

Q. 1) Geeta won the gold medal. She is on cloud nine.

In the above sentence on cloud nine means........
1) at 9 O'clock 2) on 9th cloud
3) very happy 4) unhappy
Q. 2) Choose the correct meaning of the underlined phrase.
I know Mumbai like the back of my hand.
1) to have fear about 2) to have incomplete information
3) to have certain knowledge 4) to have complete knowledge
Q. 3) Mahesh did a herculean Task . The meaning of underlined phrase is .............
1) easy work 2) a difficult work 3) enjoyable work 4) boring work
Q. 4) Choose the correct meaning of the underlined phrase.
Rani and Rupa see eye to eye on business matters.
1) to completely agree 2) totally disagreed
3) show eyes to each other 4) tired eyes

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 30

Q. 5) Break the ice means ..........
1) cut the ice 2) speak to the others 3) break the sleep 4) wish a good luck
Q. 6) What is the correct meaning of the underlined phrase?
Suresh was tired yesterday so he hit the sack at 8 O'clock.
1) throw the sack 2) to play at night
3) went to bed 4) go to school
Q. 7) Complete the sentence using appropriate phrase.
Whenever Rahul sees Anushka, he feels that he is ............. in love with her.
1) skin of one's teeth 2) break a leg
3) hand to mouth 4) head over heels.
Q. 8) Complete the sentence using appropriate alternative.
Ronak has been playing cricket for ..........
1) cock's year 2) donkey's years 3) cat's year 4) dog's year
Q. 9) Whenever you get angry, you should ...........
1) all of a sudden 2) see eye to eye
3) take it easy 4) time is ripe
Q. 10) Don't be ............... minded, or you will not be popular.
1) triple 2) narrow 3) happy 4) complete
Q. 11) The time from 5:00 A.M. to 6:00 A.M. is................ for morning walk.
1) not good 2) believe 3) old 4) ripe
Q. 12) What is the meaning of the underlined phrase.
Learing the lyrics of songs is a piece of cake for me.
1) very difficult task 2) very good task
3) very easy task 4) piece of chocolate
Q. 13) Raju doesn't come to school daily. So I talk to him........ (use appropriate phrase)
1) once in a blue moon 2) once in the year
3) daily 4) at Saturday
Q. 14) Complete the following sentence by using meaningful phrase.
After Rahul, his son will .............. his company.
1) take down 2) take up 3) take over 4) up to

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 31

Q. 15) Choose the correct meaning of the underlined phrase.
You need to take advantage of school library.
1) take over 2) sold the books
3) make good use of the opportunity 4) taking library books freely
Q. 16) Which phrase should be used for the underlined words.
Yesterday's Raghav sir's lecture on economics was difficult to understand .
1) to feel under the weather 2) lose your marbles
3) all Greek and Latin to me 4) head over heels

Sub Unit - 1.9 : Miscellaneous

(Loan words)

Let's understand :
A Loan word is a word adopted from a foreign language with little or no modification. These
words are adopted by the speaker from a different language. When community of one language
comes into contact with another, members are often exposed to new objects and ideas that may
not have existed in their own culture, and so speakers need a name for these new concepts.

Model Questions

Q. 1) Find the loan word from the following sentence.

While going to school I was encountered with a thug.
1) going 2) school 3) answer 4) thug
Elaboration : Going, school and answer are English words. Hence, option 4 is the correct
answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 2) Which of the following word is defined as "a flexible approach to problem-solving

that uses limited resources in an innovative way."
1) jugaad 2) jadu 3) creativity 4) ability
Elaboration : Creativity, ability are English words whereas jadu means magic. Hence,
option 1 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 3) 'Suo moto' is a term which means :

1) legal ban 2) self - motivation
3) on its own motion 4) self - service
Elaboration : Suo moto' is a Latin legal term which means 'on its own motion' and implies
that an action was taken by a group or person on their own. Hence, option 3
is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 32

Q. 4) Which of following word is adopted from Chinese.
1) Ketchup 2) Kitchen 3) Kitten 4) Kite
Elaboration : Kitchen, Kitten, Kite are English words. Hence, option 1 is the correct
answer. 1 2 3 4

Questions for practice

Q. 1) What does the underlined word mean?

The thieves got a lot of loot in the robbery.
1) money and valuable object 2) bills and debt
3) token and tickets 4) farm
Q. 2) Choose the most suitable description for the underlined word.
Ram is staying in chawl.
1) a big house 2) a large tenement house
3) building 4) bungalow
Q. 3) Vaidya is taking care of my father.
Choose most suitable word for vaidya.
1) patient 2) doctor 3) mother 4) potter
Q. 4) Choose the most suitable synonym for bandana.
1) hat 2) cap 3) pants 4) scarf
Q. 5) Rahul went to watch a TAMASHA.
What does TAMASHA mean :
1) movie 2) a show 3) race 4) orchestra

Sub Unit - 1.10 : Indian words used in text Books

(Code Mixing - Non-English words)

Let's understand :
Indian words and terms are often used in textbooks to reflect the diverse culture, history,
and languages of India. These words can provide context and depth to the subjects being taught.
Code mixing, which involves the blending of languages, is quite common in various regions,
including India. In Indian textbooks, you can find several Indian words and phrases used alongside
English. Some examples include :
Namaste - A common greeting meaning "I bow to you."
Guru - Referring to a teacher or mentor.
Sari - A traditional Indian garment worn by women.

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 33

 Code mixing, also known as code-switching, is a linguistic phenomenon where speakers
switch between two or more languages or dialects within a single conversation, sentence,
or even phrase. This mixing can occur for various reasons, including cultural context,
bilingualism, or the need to express certain ideas or emotions more effectively in one
language over another.
In the context of India, code mixing often involves a blend of English and one or more
Indian languages (such as Hindi, Bengali, Tamil, etc.). Here are a few examples of code
mixing:
"Let's go for a movie kal shaam."
(Translation: Let's go for a movie tomorrow evening.)
"Mujhe ek cup of chai chahiye, please."
(Translation: I would like to have a cup of tea, please.)
"Itni traffic mein, we'll be late for the party."
(Translation: With so much traffic, we'll be late for the party.)
Code mixing is a common linguistic practice in multilingual societies like India, where
people may seamlessly switch between languages based on the situation or the people they
are communicating with. It can also reflect the cultural diversity and language proficiency
of the speakers.

Model Questions
Q. 1) Bungalow
1) A common greeting meaning "I bow to you."
2) The seven musical notes in Indian classical music.
3) Derived from the Hindi word "bangla" referring to a type of house.
4) A manifestation or incarnation, often used in the context of deities.
Elaboration : Option 3 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 2) Maharaja/Maharani
1) A secluded place for spiritual practice or study.
2) Used to describe historical Indian rulers.
3) A musical mode or melody in Indian classical music.
4) The colourful spring festival is celebrated with enthusiasm.
Elaboration : Option 2 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 3) Namaste
1) The Festival of Lights celebrated in India.
2) Referring to a teacher or mentor.
3) A village council or local governing body.
4) Indian culture of greetings.
Elaboration : Option 4 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 34

Q. 4) Sari
1) Mentioned in cultural and fashion contexts.
2) The concept of the consequences of one's actions.
3) Referring to one's moral duty or righteousness.
4) A secluded place for spiritual practice or study.
Elaboration : Option 1 is the correct answer.
1 2 3 4

Q. 5) Chai
1) Traditional Indian medicine and healing system.
2) A Hindi term for finding innovative solutions with limited resources.
3) A popular Indian dish with various spices.
4) Indian word for 'Tea'.
Elaboration : Option 4 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Questions for practice

Q. 1) Dharma
1) The colourful spring festival is celebrated with enthusiasm.
2) Referring to one's moral duty or righteousness.
3) The Festival of Lights is celebrated in India.
4) A popular Indian dish with various spices.
Q. 2) Karma
1) The concept of the consequences of one's actions.
2) The practice of physical and mental exercises for health and relaxation.
3) A musical mode or melody in Indian classical music.
4) A market or marketplace.
Q. 3) Avatar
1) A common greeting meaning "I bow to you."
2) The seven musical notes in Indian classical music.
3) Traditional Indian medicine and healing system.
4) A manifestation or incarnation, often used in the context of deities.
Q. 4) Sanskrit
1) The practice of physical and mental exercises for health and relaxation.
2) An ancient Indian language and the root of many Indian languages.
3) Referring to a teacher or mentor.
4) A village council or local governing body.

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 35

Q. 5) Ashram
1) A secluded place for spiritual practice or study.
2) A market or marketplace.
3) A musical mode or melody in Indian classical music.
4) The colourful spring festival is celebrated with enthusiasm.
Q. 6) Mahatma
1) A great soul.
2) Referring to one's moral duty or righteousness.
3) A village council or local governing body.
4) The practice of physical and mental exercises for health and relaxation.
Q. 7) Panchayat
1) The Festival of Lights celebrated in India.
2) Referring to a teacher or mentor.
3) A village council or local governing body.
4) A traditional Indian garment worn by women.
Q. 8) Raga
1) A musical mode or melody in Indian classical music.
2) The concept of the consequences of one's actions.
3) Referring to one's moral duty or righteousness.
4) A secluded place for spiritual practice or study.
Q. 9) Samsara
1) The colourful spring festival is celebrated with enthusiasm.
2) The seven musical notes in Indian classical music.
3) Ancient sacred texts in Hinduism.
4) The cycle of birth, death, and rebirth in Hinduism and Buddhism.
Q. 10) Jugaad
1) Traditional Indian medicine and healing system.
2) A Hindi term for finding innovative solutions with limited resources.
3) A popular Indian dish with various spices.
4) The traditional Indian system of astrology and astronomy.
Q. 11) Atman
1) The state of ultimate liberation or enlightenment in Buddhism.
2) Traditional Indian medicine and healing system.

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 36

 3) The soul in Hindu philosophy.
4) A sacred word or phrase repeated for meditation or spiritual purposes.

Q. 12) Satyagraha
1) Insistence on truth.
2) A sacred word or phrase repeated for meditation or spiritual purposes.
3) A fine type of cashmere wool, often used in textiles.
4) The individual soul or self in Hindu philosophy.

Q. 13) Pashmina
1) A manifestation or incarnation, often used in the context of deities.
2) The Festival of Lights is celebrated in India.
3) The concept of the consequences of one's actions.
4) A fine type of wool from Kashmir, often used in textiles.

Q. 14) Mantra
1) A sacred word or phrase repeated for meditation or spiritual purposes.
2) The individual soul or self in Hindu philosophy.
3) The traditional Indian system of astrology and astronomy.
4) The concept of the consequences of one's actions.

Q. 15) Jyotish
1) A manifestation or incarnation, often used in the context of deities.
2) The traditional Indian system of astrology and astronomy.
3) The concept of the consequences of one's actions.
4) An ancient Indian language and the root of many Indian languages.

Q. 16) Saregama
1) The seven musical notes in Indian classical music.
2) The concept of the consequences of one's actions.
3) A secluded place for spiritual practice or study.
4) A village council or local governing body.
Q. 17) Veda
1) A manifestation or incarnation, often used in the context of deities.
2) A popular Indian dish with various spices.
3) Ancient sacred texts in Hinduism.
4) A common greeting meaning "I bow to you."

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 37

Q. 18) Nirvana
1) The state of ultimate liberation or enlightenment in Buddhism.
2) A secluded place for spiritual practice or study.
3) A village council or local governing body.
4) A Hindi term for finding innovative solutions with limited resources.

Q. 19) Ayurveda
1) The individual soul or self in Hindu philosophy.
2) The concept of the consequences of one's actions.
3) Traditional Indian medicine and healing system.
4) A fine type of wool, from kashmir, often used in textiles.

Q. 20) Bhakti
1) Devotion or love, often used in the context of religious devotion.
2) The melodic voice of artist.
3) A fine type of wool, from kashmir, often used in textiles.
4) The cycle of birth, death, and rebirth in Hinduism and Buddhism.

Q. 21) Yoga
1) A fine type of wool from kashmir, often used in textiles.
2) A common greeting meaning "I bow to you."
3) The practice of physical and mental exercises for health and relaxation.
4) A secluded place for spiritual practice or study.

Q. 22) Bazaar
1) A market or marketplace.
2) The melodic voice of artist.
3) The soul in Hindu philosophy.
4) A fine type of wool from kashmir, often used in textiles.
Q. 23) Curry
1) A secluded place for spiritual practice or study.
2) A popular Indian dish with various spices.
3) A manifestation or incarnation, often used in the context of deities.
4) A Hindi term for finding innovative solutions with limited resources.

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 38

Q. 24) Diwali
1) A market or marketplace.
2) A sacred word or phrase repeated for meditation or spiritual purposes.
3) The soul in Hindu philosophy.
4) The Festival of Lights is celebrated in India.
Q. 25) Holi
1) The colourful spring festival is celebrated with enthusiasm.
2) A popular Indian dish with various spices.
3) A market or marketplace.
4) A Hindi term for finding innovative solutions with limited resources.
Sub Unit - 1.11 : Cloze Test

Let's understand :
A Cloze test is an amalgamation of 'comprehension' and 'fill in the blanks' where your
reading, analyzing and vocabulary skills are all tested at once. Students need to choose the most
appropriate word from the given options, which can most suitably be placed in the blank.
There are two major patterns based on which a cloze test is asked in the examinations :
Basic Fill in the Blanks Format : The simplest format for the cloze test is that a passage is given
with multiple blanks and students need to choose one correct answer from the given options, which
would be appropriate and logically fill the blanks.

Model Questions

Passage 1

One of the major causes of the failure of ............1 countries on economic front is their
.......2... to evolve a judicious mixture of ......3...... substitution and export promotion.
Zambia which ....4...... on imports after its independence 20 years ....5.... has depleted 50%
of its national ......6......, whereas South Korea, which started its.......7....... development
from a war ravaged status ......8...... the fifties by equalising high exports...... 9...... high
imports, is one of the ...10...... nations today.

Q. 1) 1) developed 2) developing 3) advanced 4) advancing 1 2 3 4

Q. 2) 1) inability 2) disadvantage 3) ability 4) handicap 1 2 3 4

Q. 3) 1) scientific. 2) import 3) export 4) invention 1 2 3 4

Q. 4) 1) expected 2) traded 3) banned 4) carried 1 2 3 4

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 39

Q. 5) 1) later 2) ago 3) earlier 4) since 1 2 3 4

Q. 6) 1) capital 2) deposit 3) income 4) credit 1 2 3 4

Q. 7) 1) financial 2) fiscal 3) economic 4) economical 1 2 3 4

Q. 8) 1) upto 2) over 3) on 4) in 1 2 3 4

Q. 9) 1) over 2) with 3) and 4) into 1 2 3 4

Q. 10) 1) richest 2) innovative 3) prolific 4)advancing 1 2 3 4

Passage 2

Come October and you are burnt by the mid-day Sun. The storm and the sizzle is
particularly.........1..... as it comes after the relatively cool monsoon months. Though it is
hot and muggy, that does not......2...... people from coming out on the streets to ..3...... the
traditional festivals. And it must be shopping time also, Colourfully decorated showrooms
are......4...... the passersby to let his hair down, splurge and take a ......5...... of gifts home
for the family. After all, the New year is just......6...... the corner.

Q. 1) 1) traumatic 2) sultry 3) pleasant 4) fantastic 1 2 3 4

Q. 2) 1) oppose 2) deny 3) prevent 4) reject 1 2 3 4

Q. 3) 1) boycott 2) moot 3) herald 4) invite 1 2 3 4

Q. 4) 1) drawing 2) fascinating 3) pursuing 4) exhorting 1 2 3 4

Q. 5) 1) token 2) list 3) bagful 4) placement 1 2 3 4

Q. 6) 1) round 2) at 3) near 4) along 1 2 3 4

Passage 3
The ........1...... of today is a huge financial undertaking with the same outlook as any
other limited company. The .....2........ staff have to make circulation and if they do not,
they will soon be ....3...... by those who can. Their independence, therefore, suffers a grave
limitation. It is further ....4..... by the fact that a newspaper is as much an advertising
medium as a vehicle for.........5.......

Q. 1) 1) newspaper 2) hospital 3) school 4) theatre 1 2 3 4

Q. 2) 1) medical 2) performing 3) teaching 4) editorial 1 2 3 4

Q. 3) 1) sustained 2) treated 3) cured 4) supplanted 1 2 3 4

Q. 4) 1) destroyed 2) deepened 3) curtailed 4) failed 1 2 3 4

Q. 5) 1) news 2) epidemics 3) training 4) business 1 2 3 4

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 40

 Passage 4

Democracy has its dangers, the greatest of which is that it may be the rule of ignorance.
Citizens who are not ......1...... intelligent and educated are......2...... to commit errors
of judgement in the casting of votes. The best men may thus ......3.... to get elected.
Elections are usually a......4...... of propaganda. Another criticism of democracy is that
it is lacking 5... efficiency.

Q. 1) 1) barely 2) sufficiently 3) highly 4) perfectly 1 2 3 4

Q. 2) 1) sure 2) deliberately 3) unlikely 4) likely 1 2 3 4

Q. 3) 1) fail 2) succeed 3) try 4) desire 1 2 3 4

Q. 4) 1) kind 2) process 3) matter 4) result 1 2 3 4

Q. 5) 1) of 2) for 3) at 4) in 1 2 3 4

Passage 5

For generations man has ........1.... against the wilds to create a world where only he
......2...... whether animals and plants survive or are ......3...... out. Earlier we accepted as
self-evident that any .....4.... in our environment brought about by science and technology
must be improvements......5...... the world of our.....6........

Q. 1) 1) faced 2) stood 3) struggled 4) challenged 1 2 3 4

Q. 2) 1) decides 2) thinks 3) advises 4) observes 1 2 3 4

Q. 3) 1) taken 2) wiped 3) put 4) thrown 1 2 3 4

Q. 4) 1) differences 2) increments 3) changes 4) replacements 1 2 3 4

Q. 5) 1) in 2) at 3) over 4) for 1 2 3 4

Q. 6) 1) aborigines 2) ancients 3) successors 4) ancestors 1 2 3 4

Questions for practice

Passage 1

We are citizens of no mean country and we are ......1....... of the land of our birth, of our
people, our culture and our ......2...........That pride should not be for a manticised past to
which we have to ...3..., nor should it encourage exclusiveness or a want of......4....... of
other ways than our own. It must never allow us to......5......

Q. 1) 1) aware 2) proud 3) reminded 4) fond

Q. 2) 1) customs 2) ceremonies 3) traditions 4) festivals

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 41

Q. 3) 1) return 2) glorify 3) sing 4) cling
Q. 4) 1) appreciation 2) enthusiasm 3) criticism 4) condemnation
Q. 5) 1) reject 2) forget 3) avoid 4) remember

Passage 2

Something has happened in the last twenty years that surely must ......1..... anything
that has happened before. Some historians are already saying that thrust ......2... space
represents a vital turning point in history. Moon flights are considered ....3...... less than
steps in human evolution ......4...... to the time when life on earth emerged from the sea and
established itself on land. Of course, not everyone.............5.......... enraptured by space.

Q. 1) 1) terminate 2) transcend 3) precede 4) recede

Q. 2) 1) on 2) upon 3) in 4) into
Q. 3) 1) nothing 2) certainly 3) sufficiently 4) probably
Q. 4) 1) exceeding 2) contrasting 3) comparable 4) matching
Q. 5) 1) was 2) has been 3) had been 4) being

Passage 3

Tea prices in the domestic ............. continue to rule high in the ...2... year despite the
expectation of a ......3...... production as compared to the previous year. According to a
preliminary assessment ......4...... on the weather ......5...... in recent months.

Q. 1) 1) sector 2) production 3) area 4) market

Q. 2) 1) current 2) first 3) second 4) last
Q. 3) 1) large 2) maximum 3) optimum 4) higher
Q. 4) 1) conducted 2) based 3) shared 4) strategy
Q. 5) 1) outbursts 2) outbreak 3) conditions 4) forecast

Passage 4

Our scientific spirit must be shocked not only by the...1..... of fabulous..........2....

and......3...... poverty, but also by those of intense holiness and.....4..... superstition. In
our relations with one another, we have.......5...... to apply scientific and social wisdom.

Q. 1) 1) phenomenon 2) contrasts 3) existence 4) comparison

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 42

Q. 2) 1) property 2) prosperity 3) resources 4) wealth
Q. 3) 1) common 2) rampant 3) grovelling 4) growing
Q. 4) 1) religious 2) blind 3) popular 4) prevailing
Q. 5) 1) attempted 2) refused 3) succeeded 4) failed

Passage 5

Directions - In the given passages, some of the words have been left. Try to understand
what it is about. Then fill in the blanks with the help of the alternatives given.
When I go into a stranger's library I...1... round the bookshelves. This is to know the type
of person he is and I feel that I know the ...2... to his mind. A house without books is
a ...3... house, no matter how rich the carpets are. These only tell you whether he ...4...
a lot of money, but the books tell you whether he has a mind as well. It is not a ...5...
of money that we do not buy books.

Q. 1) 1) wonder 2) run 3) look 4) wander

Q. 2) 1) secret 2) mystery 3) key 4) solutions
Q. 3) 1) poor 2) bleak 3) unlucky 4) bad
Q. 4) 1) had 2) has 3) have 4) has had
Q. 5) 1) reason 2) question 3) issue 4) cause

Passage 6

Any regular viewer of programmes on the television will certainly have reservations about
commercials. When television shows are ......1... good commercials that ...2... them are a
disgrace. One of the many bad...3 commercials is their loudness. They seem to be ...4...
as loud as the program me the viewer is almost ...5... when they come on.

Q. 1) 1) reasonably 2) rationally 3) unseasonably 4) irrationally

Q. 2) 1) join 2) accommodate 3) accompany 4) admit
Q. 3) 1) features 2) feature 3) property 4) mark
Q. 4) 1) two 2) pair 3) twice 4) double
Q. 5) 1) deafening 2) blind 3) deafened 4) deaf

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 43

 Passage 7

There is an enemy beneath our ...1... He recognises no national boundaries, no ....2......

parties. Everyone in the world is ......3...... by him. The enemy is the Earth ..4...... of a
quake is greater than ......5...... man himself can produce.

Q. 1) 1) shelter 2) feet 3) land 4) surface

Q. 2) 1) economical 2) historical 3) geographical 4) political
Q. 3) 1) threatened 2) feared 3) effected 4) dominated
Q. 4) 1) Strength 2) Power 3) Force 4) Ability
Q. 5) 1) everything 2) nothing 3) something 4) anything

Passage 8

'Quit India' came not from the lips, but the un-aching hearts of millions. In this open
rebellion, the Indian ......1...... reached its climax. The British were not only ..2...... by it,
but also were obliged to quit unilaterally. The importance of Quit India can be .......3.....
from Lord Linlithgow's statement, 'I am engaged here in meeting by far the most ..4......
rebellion since, that of 1857, the gravity and extent of which we have so far ......5... from
the world for reasons of military security.

Q. 1) 1) freedom 2) patriotism 3) liberation 4) revolution

Q. 2) 1) threatened 2) inspired 3) attacked 4) impressed
Q. 3) 1) diffused 2) gaused 3) established 4) determined
Q. 4) 1) trivial 2) magnificent 3) serious 4) auspicious
Q. 5) 1) excluded 2) elicited 3) prevented 4) concealed

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 44

 Sub Unit - 1.12 : Acronyms
(A) Paronyms (B) Homonyms (Acronyms)

Acronyms :
We use abbreviations every day - in writing, texting, note-taking, and talking. There are a few
different categories of abbreviations, Acronyms is one of them. When you shorten a phrase by using
just the first letter of each word and then pronounce it as a new word, you’re using an 'Acronym'.
What is an acronym?
'An acronym is a word created by combining the first letter or syllable of each word in a
phrase to create a new, single word.'
E.g. 1. NASA is an acronym for National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
2. PIN is an acronym for Personal Identification Number.

Model Questions

Q. 1) What is the full form of 'UNICEF'?

1) United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund
2) Universal Network for International Child Education and Family
3) United Nations Institute for Children's Education and Future
4) Union of Nations Improving Child Education and Family
Elaboration : UNICEF stands for United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund
Hence, option 1 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4
Q. 2) What does 'WiFi' stand for?
1) Wireless Fidelity 2) World Internet Frequency
3) Wide Internet Fiber 4) Web Interface Framework
Elaboration : "WiFi" stand for Wireless Fidelity. Hence, option 1 is the correct answer.
1 2 3 4

Q. 3) What does "MHADA" stand for?

1) Municipal Housing and Affordability Development Agency
2) Mega Housing and Architectural Design Association
3) Maharashtra Housing and Area Development Authority
4) Modern Housing and Architecture Design Alliance
Elaboration : "MHADA" stands for Maharashtra Housing and Area Development Authority.
Hence, option 3 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 45

Q. 4) What does "RADAR" stand for?
1) Remote Aerial Detection and Ranging
2) Rapid Analysis and Data Retrieval
3) Radar And Data Acquisition Research
4) Radio Detection and Ranging
Elaboration : "RADAR" stands for Radio Detection and Ranging. Hence, option 4 is the
correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 5) What does "UNESCO" stand for?

1) Universal Network for Ecological Sustainability and Conservation
2) United Nations Educational, Social, and Cultural Organization
3) United Nations Environmental and Social Cooperation Organization
4) Urban Network for Economic and Cultural Studies Organization
Elaboration : UNESCO stands for United Nations Educational, Social, and Cultural
Organization. Hence, option 2 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Questions for practice

Q. 1) What does "ISRO" stand for?

1) Indian Space Research Organization
2) International Space Research Organization
3) Interstellar Satellite Research Office
4) Infrared Space Reconnaissance Organization
Q. 2) What is the meaning of "RAM"?
1) Random Access Memory
2) Read-Only Memory
3) Rapid Application Module
4) Remote Access Management
Q. 3) What does "FIFA" stand for?
1) Federation of International Football Alliances
2) Football International Federation Association
3) Federation International de Football Association
4) Football Innovation and Futuristic Activities
Q. 4) What does "SAARC" stand for?
1) South American Alliance for Regional Cooperation
2) Southeast Asian Agreement for Regional Connectivity

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 46

 3) South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation
4) Southern African Accord for Resource Conservation
Q. 5) What does 'SAIL' stand for ?
1) Steel Authority of India Limited
2) Shipbuilding and Aviation Industries Ltd.
3) Strategic Alliance for Industrial Leadership
4) Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
Q. 6) What does 'HOTS' stand for ?
1) Highly Optimized Tasks 2) Higher Order Thinking Skills
3) Hyperlinked Online Tutorials 4) Humanitarian Outreach Technologies
Q. 7) What does 'PAN' stand for ?
1) Personalized Account Number 2) Public Access Network
3) Private Authentication Network 4) Permanent Account Number
Q. 8) What is the full form of 'NASA' in India ?
1) National Aerospace Science Agency
2) National Astronomical and Space Association
3) National Aeronautics and Space Administration
4) National Avionics and Space Authority
Q. 9) What is the full form of ROM ?
1) Read Only Memory 2) Read Only Machine
3) Read Only Media 4) Read Only Method
Q. 10) What does 'RAW' stand for ?
1) Restricted Authorization Zone 2) Revolutionary Armed Warriors
3) Research and Analysis Wing 4) Rapid Action Warfare
Q. 11) What is the full form of 'AIDS' ?
1) Autoimmune Immuno Deficiency Syndrome.
2) Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome.
3) Advanced Infection Detection System.
4) Allergy and Infection Defence System.
Q. 12) What does 'BHEL' stand for ?
1) Bharat Heavy Energy Limited 2) Bharatiya Housing Electrical Logistics
3) Bharat Health Election League 4) Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 47

 (A) Paronyms
Paronym refers to words that sound different but have similar meanings. A word that comes
from another word but that has similar or derivative meanings are paronyms, such as: ''adult and
adulthood'' - an adult refers to a person who reached the age of maturity legally and adulthood
states the condition of being an adult.
The examples of common paronym such as
 Dependent : relying on someone or something. "She was dependent on her husband for
everything."
Dependent : a dependent person. “She claimed him as a dependent on her tax return."
 Negligent : careless. "He was negligent about locking the door and a thief got in."
Negligible : unimportant or small. "The damage from the storm was negligible."
 Willing : ready. "I am willing to go to the bank with you to fix this problem."
Will full : determined. "She was a will full child who would never stop once her mind
was made up to do something."
 Hail : (belong to, welcome, frozen rain) Those hailing from Bangladesh are living
illegally in this country.
Hale : (healthy) "He is hale and hearty and enjoys life to his fill."
Examples of paronym such as alternately and alternatively, deprecate and
depreciate, continuous and contiguous, conjuncture and conjecture : In
addition,
Here are some examples with proper sentence construction such as ...
 Ingenious : (skilful, clever) She devised an ingenious scheme to hoodwink the police.
Ingenuous : (frank, innocent) Children are liked for their ingenious nature."
 Temperance : (moderation inhabits) We should observe temperance in eating and drinking
habits because it leads to a healthy way of life.
Temperament : (disposition, nature) Always keep from persons of choleric temperament.
Industrial Industries
Sensitive Sensible
Artful Artistic
Economic Economical
Barbarism Barbarity
Estimate Estimation-esteem
Destination Destiny
Popular Populous
Imaginary Imaginative
Ancient Antiquated
Corporal Corporeal
Completeness Completion

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 48

 Model Questions

Q. 1) Which word means lying 'near'.

1) adjoining 2) adjacent 3) besides 4) foreseen
Elaboration : 'near' means 'adjacent'. Hence, option 2 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 2) choose the correct option for the blank.

Ravi Verma is a great ......................
1) artist 2) artiste 3) artisan 4) artistry
Elaboration : artist - painter. Hence, option 1 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 3) Choose the correct option to word which means 'hardworking'.

1) industry 2) industrial 3) industrious 4) industries
Elaboration : 'hardworking' means 'industrious'. Hence, options 3 is the correct answer.
1 2 3 4

Q. 4) Fill in the blanks with appropriate word.

Yesudas is a .................... singer.
1) populous 2) popular 3) population 4) sociable
Elaboration : 'popular' means 'famous'. Hence, option 2 is the correct answer.
1 2 3 4

Q. 5) '...............' word means 'calculation'.

1) estimation 2) estimate 3) esteem 4) estem
Elaboration : 'estimate' means 'calculation'. Hence, option 2 is the correct answer.
1 2 3 4

Questions for practice

Q. 1) Which word best suits the context ? "The director paid her a sincere ...................
for her dedication to the project."
1) complement 2) compliment 3) complaining 4) complaint
Q. 2) Which word best fits the sentence? "The medicine started to ................ his energy
levels."
1) affect 2) effect 3) infect 4) detect
Q. 3) Choose the correct word for the following sentence: "She was present at every
meeting, .................... for the last one."
1) accept 2) except 3) expect 4) accent

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 49

Q. 4) Identify the appropriate word for the sentence : "The artist's new painting is a
perfect ..................... to his previous works."
1) compliment 2) complement 3) complaint 4) contented
Q. 5) Which word best suits the context? "He couldn't ..................... the proposal due to
its terms."
1) except 2) accept 3) expect 4) accent

(B) Homonyms
Homonyms are words that have the same spelling or pronunciation but different meanings.
They often lead to confusion in both spoken and written language.
There are two types of Homonyms:
1) Homophones : These are words that sound the same but have different meanings and
spellings. For example, "to," "too," and "two" are homophones.
2) Homographs : These are words that are spelled the same but have different meanings and
often different pronunciations. For example, "lead" (to guide) and "lead" (a heavy metal)
are homographs.

Homonyms are a common source of confusion in communication because

their context determines their meaning.
Homonym Homograph Meanings
Current Homograph A flow of water / Up to date
Kind Homograph A type of something / Caring
Ring Homograph To call someone on the phone / A band on a finger
Right Homograph Correct / Opposite of left
Rose Homograph To have got up / A type of flower
Spring Homograph A season / Coiled metal
Bright Homograph Smart or intelligent / Filled with light
Match Homograph A game of sport / Small wooden stick used for lighting fires
Well Homograph It went positively / A structure made to access water underground
Fly Homograph An insect / To hover and move above the ground
Pray/prey Homophone To worship / An animal hunted by a predator
Hi/high Homophone A greeting / At a great height
Idle/idol Homophone Lazy / Someone you admire
Know/no Homophone To have knowledge / Opposite of yes
Lessen/lesson Homophone To reduce / A period of learning
Waste/waist Homophone Use excessively / Part of the human body

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 50

 Homonym Homograph Meanings
Stare/stair Homophone To look at something / Structure designed to go up a level
Meet/meat Homophone Greet someone for the first time / Flesh from an animal
Weak/week Homophone Not strong / The duration of Monday - Sunday
Pair/pear Homophone Two of something / A type of fruit
Bow Homograph Polite gesture of bending the waist / A hair accessory
Close Homograph To make shut / To be nearby
Wind Homograph Movement of air / To wrap around something
Wound Homograph An injury / Past tense of 'wind'
Bass Homograph A species of fish / A type of guitar
Dove Homograph A white bird / Past tense of 'dive'
Record Homograph A piece of evidence about the past / To film something with a camera

Questions for practice

Q. 1) What does 'right' mean in the sentence "He has the right to remain silent" ?
1) The opposite of wrong 2) A direction
3) A type of privilege 4) To rectify or correct
Q. 2) In the phrase "I need to tear the paper," what does 'tear' mean?
1) A drop of salty liquid from the eye
2) To separate or rip apart
3) A type of fabric
4) To move quickly
Q. 3) What is the meaning of 'scale' in the sentence "The fish has shiny scales" ?
1) To climb or ascend 2) A type of musical performance
3) A device for measuring weight 4) Overlapping plates on a fish's skin
Q. 4) In the sentence "The bandage will help to heal the wound," what does 'heal' mean ?
1) A type of fabric 2) To become healthy or whole again
3) To hurt or injure 4) A type of food
Q. 5) What does 'bark' mean in the sentence "He used the bark of the tree for his art
project" ?
1) The sound a dog makes 2) To shout or speak loudly
3) The protective outer covering of a tree 4) To cover with a layer of paint

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 51

 Sub Unit - 1.13 : Foreign Words and Expressions
Foreign words and expressions refer to a group of words derived from foreign languages
which are used in English vocabulary. This is a comprehensive study material on English vocabulary
explaining the different foreign words and expressions commonly used and asked in exams. With
the development of English grammar in the previous years, people have started using foreign
words and expressions while having informal communication and during spoken English. These
foreign expressions have completely different meanings and are derived from different languages
like Latin, German, etc. Foreign words and expressions refer to a group of words derived from
foreign languages which are used in English vocabulary.
Foreign expressions have become an integral part of the English language. While you don't
necessarily have to be familiar with all the foreign words in English, you should know the most
common ones.
Many of these expressions are commonly used in newspaper headlines. If you are not familiar
with them, you will not be able to understand the meaning of the headlines

Model Questions

Q. 1) De Facto
1) It means the most acceptable term or phrase
2) It means a life of luxury and pleasure.
3) It means 'actual' or 'in effect'
4) It means to someone or something that you despise
Elaboration : De Facto is a Latin expression. It means 'actual'. Hence, option 3 is the correct
answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 2) Vis-a-Vis
1) It means the most acceptable term or phrase
2) It means a life of luxury and pleasure.
3) It means actual
4) It means 'face to face in relation to, with regard to
Elaboration : This is a French expression that serves as an adverb. It means 'face to face.
However, in English, this word is mainly used as a preposition meaning 'in
relation to' or 'compared with'. They sat vis-a-vis at the table. This move will
strengthen our position vis-a-vis our partners. Hence, option 4 is the correct
answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 3) Status quo
1) It means 'the existing state of affairs'

2) It means a life of luxury and pleasure

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 52

 3) It means actual
4) It means 'face to face
Elaboration : This is a Latin expression. It means 'the existing state of affairs'. The status
quo should be maintained. (= Things should remain the way they presently are).
Hence, option 1 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4
Q. 4) Ad hoc
1) It means 'the existing state of affairs'

2) It means 'for this.' when nascency or needed
3) It means actual
4) It means 'face to face
Elaboration : Ad hoc is a Latin expression, which literally means 'for this.' In English, it
can be used as an adjective, where it means 'formed or created with a specific
purpose'. Hence, option 2 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4
Q. 5) Bona fide
1) It means 'the existing state of affairs'

2) It means 'with good faith.’
3) It means actual
4) It means 'face to face
Elaboration : The phrase bona fide comes directly from the Latin bona fides, which means
'with good faith. Bona fides, with the 's' at the end, is a noun meaning good faith,
credentials, or information that establishes a person's reputation or credentials.
Hence, option 2 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Questions for practice

Q. 1) AB INITIO
1) It means do not be discouraged

2) It means responsibility comes with privilege
3) It means from the beginning
4) It means whether or not someone wants or enjoys something
Q. 2) AD INTERIM
1) It means for the time being

2) It means an agreement that allows opposing parties to live peacefully
3) It means the most acceptable term or phrase
4) It means the most excellent example of something
School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 53
Q. 3) A HUIS CLOS
1) To an unforeseen occurrence that results in a bleak scenario.


2) It means in private.
3) It means not wanted or superfluous.
4) It means pleasant idleness.
Q. 4) AMOUR PROP RE
1) It means self-respect.

2) It means a life of luxury and pleasure.
3) It means a living person's apparition or double.

4) It means a way of doing something.
Q. 5) AU NATUREL
1) It means in the open air.

2) It means self-respect.
3) It means in the most straightforward or natural way possible.
4) It means a noteworthy or auspicious year.
Q. 6) BEAU MONDE
1) It means sung in a chapel style without instrumental accompaniment.

2) A DEUX-It entails the involvement of two people.
3) It refers to something that is made or done for a certain reason.
4) means fashionable society.
Q. 7) BLITZKRIEG-
1) It refers to a high-intensity, violent military campaign aimed at achieving a quick

victory.
2) It means to someone or something that you despise.
3) It refers to literary works that are written and read because of their exquisite style.
4) It refers to a love letter.
Q. 8) BON MOT
1) It refers to a clever or witty remark.

2) It means a contentious matter that has gotten a lot of media attention.
3) It means love at first sight.
4) It means an unexpected surprise strike.

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 54

Q. 9) BON VIVANT
1) It means genuine that is in good faith.
2) It is used for a person who leads a sociable and lavish lifestyle.
3) It means that something is needed by etiquette or current trend.
4) It means a life of luxury and pleasure.
Q. 10) BRASSERIE
1) It refers to a love letter.
2) It refers to literary works that are written and read because of their exquisite style.
3) It refers to a French style restaurant.
4) It means genuine that is in good faith.

Q. 11) CAUSE CELEBRE

1) It means complete autonomy in one's actions.
2) It means a contentious means attracts a great deal of public attention.
3) It means love at first sight.
4) It means an unexpected surprise strike.
Q. 12) CAVEAT EMPTOR
1) It means that the buyer is responsible for inspecting the items prior to purchase.
2) It means expressing one's most intimate feelings.
3) It means that something is needed by etiquette or current trend.
4) It means a life of luxury and pleasure.
Q. 13) CHEF-D'OEUVRE
1) To an unforeseen occurrence that results in a bleak scenario.
2) It means in private.
3) It means a masterpiece.
4) It means not wanted or superfluous.
Q. 14) COMME IL FAUT
1) It means pleasant idleness.
2) It means correct in behaviour and custom.
3) It refers to a resigned acceptance expression.
4) It means a masterpiece.
Q. 15) COMPOS MENTIS
1) It means sane, as in complete control of one's head.
2) It refers to literary works that are written and read because of their exquisite style.
3) It means a masterpiece.
4) It means complete autonomy in one's actions.

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 55

Q. 16) DEI GRATIA
1) It means in private.

2) It means thanks to God's grace.
3) It means a life of luxury and pleasure.
4) It means complete autonomy in one's actions.
Q. 17) DEJA VU
1) It means a masterpiece.

2) It means that something is needed by etiquette or current trend.
3) To an unforeseen occurrence that results in a bleak scenario.
4) It means a feeling of having been in a similar circumstance before.
Q. 18) DEO VOLENTE
1) It means With God's help.

2) It means not wanted or superfluous.
3) It means pleasant idleness.
4) It refers to a resigned acceptance expression.
Q. 19) DERNIER CRI
1) It refers to everyone according to their preferences.

2) It means the very latest fashion.
3) It refers to a resigned acceptance expression.
4) It means genuine that is in good faith.
Q. 20) DEUS EX MACHINA
1) It means that something is needed by etiquette or current trend.

2) It refers to a resigned acceptance expression.
3) To an unexpected power saving a hope lean situation.
4) It means complete autonomy in one's actions.
Q. 21) DOLCE FAR NIENTE
1) It means a life of luxury and pleasure.

2) It means sweetness of doing nothing.
3) It refers to a resigned acceptance expression.
4) It means a masterpiece.
Q. 22) MODUS VIVENDI
1) It refers to a resigned acceptance expression.

2) It means not wanted or superfluous.

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 56

 3) It means an agreement that allows opposing parties to live peacefully.
4) It means an unexpected surprise strike.
Q. 23) MOT JUSTE
1) It means the exactly right word term or phrase.
2) It means that something is needed by etiquette or current trend.
3) It refers to literary works that are written and read because of their exquisite style.
4) It refers to a resigned acceptance expression.
Q. 24) NE PLUS ULTRA
1) It means the most excellent example of something.
2) It refers to a resigned acceptance expression.
3) It refers to everyone according to their preferences.
4) It means in private.
Q. 25) NOBLESSE OBLIGE
1) It refers to literary works that are written and read because of their exquisite style.
2) It means complete autonomy in one's actions.
3) It means responsibility comes with privilege.
4) It means that something is needed by etiquette or current trend.

Sub Unit - 1.14 : Writing Words by using given clues

   In the vocabulary section, writing words using given clues plays an important role in vocabulary
enrichment. If students know many words with the help of given clues, then they will be able to
enrich their vocabulary and use those words in their day-to- day life in school as well as outside
the school.

Model Questions

Q. 1) Which word is not related with the school environment ?

1) Teacher 2) Library 3) Train 4) Students
Elaboration : In the above options, Teacher, Library and Students are related to school
environment but train is not related to school environment. Hence, option 3 is
the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 2) Choose the correct word for the following picture.

1) rain 2) ice
3) an artist 4) rainbow
Elaboration : In the above picture, rain, ice and an artist
are not present but it is a clear picture of rainbow. Hence,
option 4 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 57

Q. 3) Find the odd man out from the below options.
1) brain 2) monitor 3) CPU 4) key board
Elaboration : In the above options, monitor, CPU and key board are the parts of Computer
but brain is a human body part. Hence, option 1 is the correct answer.
1 2 3 4

Q. 4) A person who tests blood is called as …………

1) dentist 2) pathologist 3) nurse 4) chemist
Elaboration : In the above options, dentist works as a dental surgeon, nurse takes care of
patients, chemist sells medicines but pathologist tests blood. Hence, option 2 is
the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 5) Choose the wrong pair from the following options.

1) teeth - white 2) rose - red
3) crow - yellow 4) the sky - blue
Elaboration : In the above options, the colour of teeth is white, the colour of rose is red and
the colour of the sky is blue but the colour of crow is black not yellow. Hence,
option 3 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Questions for practice

Q. 1) Banana is sweet. Lemon is ...............

1) bitter
2) sweet 3) sour 4) cold

Q. 2) Find the odd man out from the following.

1) February
2) March 3) Monday 4) December

Q. 3) Tongue : speaks brain : ?

1) watches
2) thinks 3) tastes 4) smells

Q. 4) Which word will you use to describe the Earth ?

1) Sun
2) Moon 3) Planet 4) Venus

Q. 5) Which of the following is similar to the shapes of the object given?

1) pin 2) rin

3) tin 4) win

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 58

Q. 6) Choose the correct adjective for given picture.

     1) clever 2) timid

     3) silly     4) rich

Q. 7) Which word is not related to the Social environment?

1) hospital
  2) chalk 3) garden 4) bus stop
Q. 8) Find the odd man out from the following.
1) incorrect
2) unable 3) umpire 4) invalid
Q. 9) By rearranging the letters name the thing you play with : kterca
1) rocket
2) trakec 3) racket 4) ketrac
Q. 10) Read the sentence and choose the correct alternative to complete the meaningful
sentence.
Surekha wanted ................... and ................... for blackboard work.
1) chalk, duster   2) pen, pencil
3) book, notebook   4) pencil, duster
Q. 11) Which is the appropriate descriptive phrase for the following picture?

   1) beauty of nature    2) bottom of ocean

   3) group of water   4) green and yellow

Q. 12) Which is the proper related word for atmosphere ?

1) art     2) ambience 3) gallery
4) cambridge
Q. 13) Which is the opposite word of gentle?
1) gentleman   2) tender 3) brutal
4) soft
Q. 14) Choose the correct alternative for underlined phrase.

Last night mother told Ramesh to hit the sack.

1) Close the sack  

2) Open the sack
3) Take a dinner 4) Go to sleep
Q. 15) Prince was walking as slow as ............... .
1) snake   2) snail 3) cow
4) rat

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 59

Q. 16) Which related word you will add to the given register : troposphere, stratosphere,
mesosphere, …
1) telesphere
2) gigasphere
3) thermosphere 4) Lac to sphere

Q. 17) People : crowd Birds : ………

1) class
2) bundle
3) gang 4) flock

Q. 18) Which pair is wrong?

1) accurate - incorrect
2) above- overhead
3) able - qualified 4) afraid - scared

Q. 19) Teacher : Teaches Physician : ?

1) teaching physics 2) physical trainer
3) diagnoses and treats illnesses 4) writes

Q. 20) Find the odd man out.

1) playing 2) baking 3) boiling 4) frying

Q. 21) The picture is related with ...........

1) Electrician 2) Doctor
3) fisherman 4) gardener

Q. 22) After going to zoo, Radha will see ....................

1) animals 2) temples
3) sea 4) vehicles

Q. 23) 'Wind mill' is a source of ......................

1) wind 2) ice
3) rain 4) electricity

Q. 24) Find the odd man out.

1) leg 2) ear
3) mouth 4) hand

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 60

 Sub Unit - 1.15 : Idioms and Phrases

   'Idioms and phrases are expressions or groups of words that have a figurative meaning beyond
their literal interpretation.' They often convey a cultural or contextual message that may not be
immediately apparent. Idioms are commonly used in everyday language to add colour, emphasis,
or nuance to communication.
   Learning idioms and phrases can be highly beneficial for several reasons. Idioms enhance
language skills. Understanding idioms and phrases helps one to improve vocabulary, comprehension,
and language proficiency.
   Idioms and phrases are integral to language learning and communication. They contribute to
one’s overall language proficiency, cultural awareness, and effective expression, making them an
important aspect of education and personal growth.
Some idioms with the meanings :
1) Turn a blind eye : To ignore something that you know is wrong.
2) Feeling under the weather : To be feeling unwell.
3) Beat around the bush : To avoid getting to the point.
4) Read the riot act : To give someone a stern warning.
5) Spill the beans : To reveal a secret.
6) The proof is in the pudding : The evidence of something is in the results.
7) I've got it in the bag : I am sure to succeed.
8) A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush : It is better to have something that you can
guarantee than to risk losing out on something better
9) A penny saved is a penny earned : It is important to be frugal and save money whenever
possible.
10) A stitch in time saves nine : It is better to fix a problem as soon as possible, rather than
letting it get worse.
11) Barking up the wrong tree : To be looking for something in the wrong place.
12) Bite off more than you can chew : To try to do something that is too difficult for you.
13) Burn the candle at both ends : To work or play too hard and not get enough rest.
14) Caught red-handed : To be caught in the act of doing something wrong.
15) Don't count your chickens before they hatch : Don't celebrate success until it is actually
achieved.
16) Like two peas in a pod : Refers to two people who are very similar in appearance, behaviour,
or interests.
17) To be as thick as thieves : Describes a very close and secretive friendship or partnership.
18) To bury the hatchet : Means to settle or resolve a conflict and put aside past disagreements.
19) To clear the air : Refers to addressing and resolving misunderstandings or tensions in a
situation or relationship.

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 61

 20) A shoulder to cry on : Describes a person who provides emotional support and comfort to
someone going through a difficult time.
21) Strike up a friendship : Means to initiate or begin a new friendship with someone.
22) Friends in high places : Refers to having influential or powerful friends who can help or
support you.
23) To know someone inside out : Means to have a deep understanding of someone's personality,
thoughts, and feelings.
24) To build bridges : Refers to attempting to improve or mend relationships, usually after a
conflict or disagreement.
25) To hit it off : Means to get along well with someone and have an instant connection.

Model Questions

Q. 1) What does "bite the bullet" mean?

1) To taste a bullet 2) To face a difficult situation bravely
3) To eat quickly 4) To avoid danger
Elaboration : Meaning of bite the bullet is to decide to do something difficult or unpleasant
that one has been putting off or hesitating over.
Hence, option 2 is the correct answer.
1 2 3 4

Q. 2) "To be a fish out of water" means :

1) To be a professional swimmer 2) To feel comfortable in a new environment
3) To feel awkward or out of place 4) To be a marine biologist
Elaboration : Meaning of phrase to be a fish out of water means: You do not feel comfortable
or relaxed because you are in an unusual or unfamiliar situation.
Hence, option 3 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 3) What does "on the fence" mean?

1) Balancing on a fence 2) Being undecided about something
3) Repairing a broken fence 4) Sitting down
Elaboration : Meaning of phrase on the fence means you can't decide something You're torn
between two options. Hence, option 2 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 4) "To cry wolf" means :

1) To imitate animal sounds 2) To alert others about a real danger
3) To falsely raise an alarm 4) To scare away wolves
Elaboration : Meaning of phrase to cry wolf means call for help when it is not needed.
Hence, option 3 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 62

Q. 5) If someone "pulls your leg," what are they doing?
1) Physically pulling your leg 2) Trying to trip you
3) Teasing or joking with you 4) Giving you a massage
Elaboration : Meaning of phrase pulls your leg means tease someone.
Hence, option 3 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Questions for practice

Q. 1) "To steal someone's thunder" means :

1) To take someone's lightning

2) To borrow an idea
3) To take credit for someone else's achievements
4) To engage in criminal activity
Q. 2) Find the correct option that match the meaning "in a nutshell"
1) Inside a small container 2) Summarized or explained briefly
3) Within a hard shell 4) While eating nuts
Q. 3) Choose the correct option for the phrase "To have one's head in the clouds"
1) To be very tall 2) To be daydreaming or not paying attention
3) To be wearing a hat 4) To be short in stature
Q. 4) What does "burn the midnight oil" mean?
1) To exercise at night 2) To start a fire at night
3) To stay up late working or studying 4) To have a late-night barbecue
Q. 5) "To cry over spilt milk" means :
1) To cry when you're cutting onions
2) To regret something that can’t be changed
3) To cry when milking a cow
4) To cry when drinking milk
Q. 6) What does it mean if someone says they "bit off more than they could chew" when
they volunteered to lead the project?
1) They took on a task that was too big for them.
2) They were very confident in their abilities.
3) They were not sure if they could do it, but they were willing to try.
4) They were not interested in leading the project.

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 63

Q. 7) What does it mean if someone says they "burned the candle at both ends" when
they were trying to finish a project?
1) They were very focused on their work and didn't have time for anything else.
2) They were not very successful in their project.
3) They worked long hours and didn't get enough sleep.
4) They were not very happy with their project.
Q. 8) What does it mean if someone tells you to "get your act together" when you are
being lazy?
1) They are telling you to be more organized and efficient.
2) They are telling you to be more confident and assertive.
3) They are telling you to be more creative and imaginative
4) They are telling you to start working hard and to stop being lazy.
Q. 9) What does it mean if someone says to you "hit the nail on the head" when you
give them a good idea?
1) You gave them a very original and creative idea.
2) You gave them a very accurate and helpful idea.
3) You gave them a very funny and witty idea.
4) You gave them a very controversial and divisive idea.
Q. 10) What does it mean if someone says they will "give you the gist of it in a nutshell"
when they are about to tell you a story?
1) They are going to give you a brief summary of the story.
2) They are going to give you a detailed account of the story.
3) They are going to give you an analysis of the story.
4) They are going to give you their opinion of the story.
Q. 11) "To blow one's own horn" means :
1) To play a musical instrument 2) To celebrate a victory
3) To brag about oneself 4) To apologize for a mistake
Q. 12) What does "hit the books" mean?
1) To physically hit books 2) To read books intensely or study
3) To borrow books from the library 4) To write in books
Q. 13) "To have a green thumb" means :
1) To have a green-coloured thumb 2) To be an environmentalist
3) To have a talent for gardening 4) To be envious of others

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 64

Q. 14) What does "out of the woods" mean?
1) Lost in a forest 2) To be in a dense forest
3) To be safe from danger or difficulty 4) To be walking in the woods
Q. 15) Find the correct option that match the meaning of phrase"To bite off more than
you can chew" means :
1) To eat too much food
2) To take on more responsibilities than you can handle
3) To literally chew on a large piece of food
4) To chew gum excessively
Q. 16) Choose the correct meaning of the phrase "read the room" mean?
1) To read a book in a room
2) To understand the emotions or atmosphere of a situation
3) To rearrange the furniture in a room
4) To clean a messy room
Q. 17) "To be a tough cookie" means :
1) To be a professional baker 2) To be difficult to eat
3) To be a strong and determined person 4) To enjoy eating cookies
Q. 18) What does "burning a hole in your pocket" mean?
1) To have a hot object in your pocket
2) To feel warm due to friction
3) To spend money quickly or impulsively
4) To carry a candle in your pocket
Q. 19) "To go down in flames" means :
1) To fly in an air plane 2) To cook food over an open flame
3) To enjoy a campfire 4) To fail or be defeated in a dramatic way
Q. 20) What does "get off someone's back" mean?
1) To stop annoying or criticizing someone
2) To remove something from someone's back
3) To help someone carry a heavy load
4) To help someone in exam.
Q. 21) "To have a chip on one's shoulder" means :
1) To carry a snack everywhere   2) To be annoyed with someone
3) To have an injury on the shoulder   4) To be proud of one's achievements

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 65

Q. 22) If something is "a piece of the pie," what is it?
1) A delicious dessert 2) A fraction of a whole pizza
3) A puzzle pieces 4) A small part of a larger opportunity or success
Q. 23) "To go the extra mile" means :
1) To walk a long distance
2) To do more than what is expected or required
3) To run a marathon
4) To travel to a new place
Q. 24) What does "hit the sack" mean?
1) To hit someone with a sack 2) To take a nap
3) To start working on a project 4) To go to bed
Q. 25) "To be in hot water" means :
1) To be feeling warm 2) To be in a difficult or troublesome situation
3) To be cooking in the kitchen 4) To be taking a hot bath

Sub Unit - 1.16 : Spelling Rules

1) Adding Prefixes and Suffixes : Prefixes like un-, in-, dis-, im- are added to the words without
changing its spelling. Suffixes would change in the spelling of the word to which the suffix
is added, though not always.
2) Silent letters : Letters such as 'a', 'b', 'c', 'e', 'g', 'h', 'k', 'l', 'n', 't', 'u', 'w' come under silent
letters. It means the particular alphabet is not a part of the word when it is not pronounced.
3) Words ending with 'ck' : Monosyllabic words that have the / k/ sound at the end are seen to
have 'ck' in their spellings.
4) Similar Phonetic Sounds : Words which have the same / similar pronunciations but different
spellings.
5) Forming Gerunds : In order to form a gerund, '-ing' has to be added to the end of the word.
6) Change of Spelling with Change of Tense : The change in tense is always indicated by the
addition of helping verbs and change in spelling of the main verb.
7) Change of Spelling in the Plural form : a noun is changed to its plural form just by the
addition of the letter 's', some with the addition of 'es', a few others with 'ies' and others
with the addition of 'ves'.
8) Double 'Fs', 'Ls' and 'Ss' at the End of Monosyllabic Words : Words ending with 'f, l, s'
have double consonants.
9) Doubling of Consonants of words when forming the comparative degree and Superlative
Degree : While the superlative degree is formed by the addition of 'est' to the adjective and
comparative degree is formed by adding 'er'.

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 66

 Model Questions

Q. 1) Satisfactory (Add Prefix)

1) Post- 2) Un- 3) Mis- 4) Under-
Elaboration : The prefix 'Un-' in English is used to indicate negation or the reversal of a
particular state or action. When added to the word 'satisfactory,' it creates the
word "unsatisfactory," which means not meeting expectations or not fulfilling
requirements. In other words, something that is unsatisfactory is not good enough
or does not meet the desired standard. Hence, option 2 is the correct answer.
1 2 3 4

Q. 2) Late (Add Suffix)

1) -ish 2) -ent 3) -ion 4) -ly
Elaboration : In English, the suffix "-ly" is commonly added to adjectives to form adverbs.
Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs and provide additional
information about how, when, where, or to what extent an action is performed.
Hence, option 4 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 3) Identify the silent letter in the word. 'Encyclopaedia'

1) i 2) n 3) y 4) a
Elaboration : The initial "a" in "encyclopaedia" is a vestige of its Greek origin, but it's
typically not pronounced in English. So, even though the "a" in "encyclopedia"
is not pronounced, it remains in the spelling as a historical remnant of the word's
Greek roots. Hence, option 4 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 4) Crac... Add the appropriate alphabets in the blanks.

1) a 2) k 3) c 4) j
Elaboration : Monosyllabic words that have 'k' sound at the end are seen to have 'ck' in their
spellings. Hence, option 2 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 5) St .... .... l
1) ee/ea 2) ye/ce 3) no/ot 4) ol/ow
Elaboration : Steel and Steal have the same pronunciation but different spellings since they
are Homographs. Hence, option 1 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Questions for practice

Q. 1) Shop ...............
1) ping 2) ning 3) ning 4) ming
Q. 2) Past tense of 'bring'
1) bringed 2) bronght 3) brought 4) brined

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 67

Q. 3) Plural form of 'Tomato'
1) Tomatos 2) Tomatoses 3) Tomatoes 4) Tomatoess
Q. 4) Add Prefix - Lead
1) ent 2) Post 3) Mis 4) Over
Q. 5) Add Suffix - 'Amuse'
1) -eous 2) -eable 3) -ding 4) -ment
Q. 6) Add the silent letter in the following word – Orthop_edic
1) f 2) h 3) a 4) g
Q. 7) ki .... .... (Add the appropriate ending alphabets)
1) nk 2) jk 3) ck 4) dk
Q. 8) Add the appropriate gerund - Skip ................
1) ed 2) eing 3) ping 4) -sing
Q. 9) Past tense of - 'swim'
1) swam 2) swimmed 3) swum 4) swem
Q. 10) Plural form of - 'Bench'
1) Benchs 2) Benches 3) Benchess 4) Benchss
Q. 11) Add the appropriate alphabets where the last letter is doubled.
Che .... ....
1) ss 2) st 3) ek 4) ly
Q. 12) Add the appropriate alphabets where the middle letter is doubled - Re.... ....er.
1) dd 2) tt 3) ss 4) mm
Q. 13) Add a silent letter - De ....t
1) v 2) b 3) g 4) y
Q. 14) Add an appropriate alphabet. Q .... eue
1) w 2) t 3) o 4) u
Q. 15) Past tense of 'teach'.
1) teached 2) taught 3) teaching 4) tought
Q. 16) Write the plural form of chilly
1) chilles 2) chillies 3) chilies 4) chilleis
Q. 17) Add the appropriate alphabets to the following word where the last letter is doubled.
Flo .... ....
1) rr 2) gg 3) ss 4) hh

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 68

Q. 18) Add the appropriate alphabets to the following word where the middle letter is
doubled.
Sli .... .... er
1) bb 2) kk 3) cc 4) pp

Q. 19) Plural form of the word - Furniture.

1) Furniture 2) Furnitures 3) Furnituress 4) Furnitures

Q. 20) Identify Silent alphabet to the following word - Hour

1) r 2) o 3) h 4) u

Sub Unit - 1.17 : Contraction

Contraction means the shortened form of two word with an apostrophe that marks the
missing letters in the contracted form. There we use an apostrophe to show that we have left out
one or more letters.
We use contractions (I'm, we're) in everyday speech and informal writing. Contractions,
which are sometimes called 'short forms', commonly combine a pronoun or noun in a shorter form.
Contractions are usually not appropriate in formal writing.
Examples :
are not - aren't they will, they shall - they'll there is - there's they are -- they’re
can not - can't I am - I'm could not - couldn't

Model Questions

Q. 1) The word 'they are' can be shortened to

1) th're 2) the're 3) they're 4) ther'e
Elaboration : Option 3 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 2) Choose the correct contraction.

1) hadn't 2) had'nt 3) ha'dnt 4) hadnn't
Elaboration : Option 1 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 3) The words 'She will' can be shortened to

1) sh'll 2) she'll 3) she'ill 4) shei'll
Elaboration : Option 2 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 4) Which word is not correct ?

1) you're 2) we're 3) he're 4) they're
Elaboration : Option 3 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 69

Q. 5) The word 'do not' can be shortened to
1) don't 2) do'nt 3) do'not 4) dono't
Elaboration : Option 1 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Questions for practice

Q. 1) Choose the wrong contraction :

1) I've 2) You've 3) We've 4) They'v
Q. 2) ...................... like to work for you if you desire so.
1) I'd 2) I'll 3) I'm 4) I've
Q. 3) Sunil ................ like wasting time in gossip.
1) don't 2) doesn't 3) Isn't 4) wasn't

Q. 4) Choose the correct contraction for - 'where are'.

1) Where'is 2) Where're 3) Where'are 4) None of these

Q. 5) Choose the correct contraction for - I am.

1) I'm 2) I'am 3) I'd 4) None of these

Q. 6) Choose the correct contraction for - You will

1) You'd 2) You'ad 3) You'll 4) None of these

Q. 7) Choose the correct contraction for - can not.

1) can't 2) cann't 3) can'ot 4) None of these

Q. 8) Choose the correct contraction.

1) aren't 2) are'not 3) are no't 4) None of these

Q. 9) We .................... neglect our duties towards our elders.

1) shouldn't 2) mustn't 3) needn't 4) shan't

Q. 10) Sarita .................... think of ignoring the duties that were assigned.
1) weren't 2) don't 3) couldn't 4) aren't



School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 70

 Unit : 2. Word Puzzles and Riddles
Sub Unit - 2.1 : Crossword Puzzles
A crossword puzzle is a word game having a grid of squares into which solvers enter words or
phrases are entered crossing each other horizontally and vertically according to a set of clues.

Model Questions

Q. 1) Complete the following crossword puzzle by using appropriate alternative.

* L A D

O
  1) M   2) G
A
  3) C   4) N
T

Elaboration : If we put m, g or c at the place of star, we don't get the meaningful words. But
when we put G at the place star, we get meaningful words as Glad and Goat.
Hence, option 2 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 2) Use the correct letter in the place of stars and make two meaningful words.

A R *
    1) M    2) T
C
    3) S    4) R
*

Elaboration : If we put m, s, r in the place of star, we don't get the meaningful words. But
when we put T at the place star, we get meaningful words Art and Act. Hence,
option 2 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Questions for practice

Q. 1) Complete the following crossword puzzle by using appropriate alternative.

H N D

1) I 2) O
N
3) A 4) S
C

E G L E

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 71

Q. 2) Solve the following puzzle by using correct alternative.

A P L E 1) O, R, S, T 2) M, N, P, T
3) C, P, R, O 4) D, M, O, G
C A
M O N

O P

S
S

Q. 3) Complete the puzzle by choosing appropriate alphabet.

S T U D E N

E O 1) S 2) M

A C 3) P 4) T
C
H O O K
E R
R

Sub Unit - 2.2 : Riddles

Riddle is one type of puzzle to be solved.

Model Questions

Q. 1) You use me for preserving your data. I also provide you required information.
Who am I?
1) Radio 2) Computer
3) Mixer 4) Fan
Elaboration : Radio, mixer and fan can't preserve our data. But Computer can preserve our
data. Hence, option 2 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 2) I am a mammal. I fly at night. Who am I ?

1) Owl 2) Eagle
3) Bat 4) Crow
Elaboration : Owl, Eagle, and Crow are not mammals. However 'Bat' is the mammal. Hence,
option 3 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 72

 Questions for practice
Q. 1) I am the part of your body. I control the body. Who am I ?
1) Heart 2) Abdomen    3) Brain 4) Intestine
Q. 2) I am a city. My name begins with J. You call me pink city. Who am I ?
1) Jabalpur 2) Jaipur    3) Jalandar 4) Jamnagar
Q. 3) I Write stories and novels. Who am I ?
1) Poet 2) Author    3) Lyricist 4) Poetess

Sub Unit - 2.3 : Word Ladders

A word ladder is a kind of a puzzle in which one word must be transformed into another
specified word of the same length by changing one letter at a time, each step have to yield a
meaningful word.
It transforms one word into another by changing a single letter in each step so that each
link in the chain is a valid word.
For example : Change/transform the word 'bold' to 'hope' on the word ladder
bold

hold

hole

hope

Model Questions

Q. 1) Change the word from the 'think' to another word by choosing the correct alphabet.
1) u 2) o 3) a 4) e
Elaboration : The alphabet 'a' is used to change think into thank by replacing 'i' by 'a' to
form a meaningful word. Hence, option 3 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4
Q. 2) 'Grass' changes to 'Class'. How many steps are required to do so?
1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) None of the above
Elaboration : Two steps are required. Grass - Glass - Class this two letters are changed to
form the given word. Hence, option 2 is the correct answer.
1 2 3 4

Q. 3) 'Bare' changes to 'Fire' in how many steps ?

1) 4 2) 2 3) 3 4) 1
Elaboration : Two steps are required as we change one alphabet at a time bare - changes
to - fare - fire. Hence, option 2 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 73

Q. 4) Choose the correct pair of letter to change the word from Herb ............... Hare
1) (e, o) 2) (o, e)
3) (e, a) 4) (a, e)
Elaboration : The correct pair is (e, a) as they form meaningful words while changing herb-
here - hare. Hence, option 3 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 5) To transfer 'BIRD' to 'WING', how many steps will be required.

B I R D
B I __ D
__ I N D
W I N __

1) one 2) two
3) three 4) four

Elaboration : In the word BIRD - transform 'R' into 'N' to make BIND then change 'B' into
'W' to make WIND and then change 'D' into 'G' to form WING. Thus three steps
or letters are required to transform. Hence, option 3 is the correct answer.
1 2 3 4

Questions for practice

Q. 1) 'SEED' transforms to 'RAIN'. Choose the correct option of word ladder to form
the given word.
1) (N,R,I,A) 2) (R,A,I,N)
3) (N,I,A,R ) 4) (I,A,R,N)
Q. 2) Same changes to 'COST'. Select the correct option of word ladder to form the
given word.
1) (S,T,O,C) 2) (T,S,O,C)
3) (T,O,C,S) 4) (C,O,S,T)
Q. 3) To transform 'WARM' to 'COLD', how many steps will be required?
1) Six 2) Two
3) Seven 4) Eight
Q. 4) 'Soil' transforms to 'Coin'. Select correct pair of option to form the word.
1) (l, c) 2) (b, n)
3) (c, n) 4) (n, c)

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 74

Q. 5) 'Can' changes to Far in how many steps?

1) 1 2) 3 3) 4 4) 2

Q. 6) 'Make' changes to 'Sage'. How many steps are required to do so ?

1) 2 2) 1 3) 4 4) 5

Q. 7) Choose one correct alphabets to transfer 'boy' into meaningful word.

1) z 2) i 3) p 4) t

Q. 8) To transform 'deer' to 'beak' , how many steps are required ?

1) 3 2) 5 3) 4 4) 6

Q. 9) 'Work' transforms 'torn' in how many steps?

1) One 2) Three 3) Two 4) Four

Q. 10) To transform 'case' into another meaningful word in 2 steps choose the correct
pair of alphabets.
1) (t, o) 2) (o, p) 3) (t, a) 4) (t, i)

Q. 11) Change the word of 'lime' to another meaningful word by choosing the correct
letter.
1) f 2) t 3) p 4) m

Q. 12) 'Tail' changes to 'Head'. How many steps are required to do so?
1) 2 2) 5 3) 1 4) 3

Q. 13) Change the 'bread' word to other word by using the correct letter.
1) h 2) g 3) d 4) s

Q. 14) How many steps are required to change LOVE to LIST.

1) 3 2) 1 3) 2 4) 4

Q. 15) Choose the correct option of the word ladders to form given word.
small to spelt
1) p, t, e 2) e, t, p 3) t, p, e 4) p, e, t

Q. 16) To transform 'PIG' to 'HEN'. Choose the correct option of word ladder.
1) h, e, n 2) n, e, h 3) t, h, e 4) r, h, e

Q. 17) 'MICE' change to 'DIRT' how many steps are required to do this?
1) 4 2) 1 3) 2 4) 3

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 75

Q. 18) Change the word from 'drown' to another meaningful word by choosing the correct
letter.
1) u 2) a
3) m 4) p
Q.19. Choose the correct alternative that will complete the given word ladder :
crow
........
1) grow 2) trow
glow
3) arow 4) brow
flow
flew
fled

Q. 20) How many steps are required to change 'lead' to 'gold' ?

1) 5 2) 1
3) 2 4) 3

Q. 21) How many steps are required to change 'frown' to 'crawl'.

1) 3 2) 4
3) 2 4) 5

Q. 22) Choose the correct option that will complete the given ladder.
glass

class 1) clasp 2) chips

claps 3) clips 4) clamp
...........

Q. 23) Change the word from 'BEAR' to another meaningful word by choosing the correct
letter :
1) V 2) A
3) R 4) I

Q. 24) Change the word from the 'further' to another word by choosing the correct
alphabet.
1) o 2) i
3) n 4) a

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 76

 Sub Unit - 2.4 : Word Web

A word web expands the meaning of word by looking for alternative of similar meanings. A
word web can focus on definition, synonyms, antonyms, uses or using the word in different context.
A word web is a graphic organizer that provides more information about a word.

Model Questions

Q. 1) Choose the correct alternative to complete the following web.

School Homework
1) Medicine 2) Hotel   
Student 3) Garden 4) Library

Teacher ?

Elaboration : In above diagram words student is directly related to school, teacher, homework
and library. Hence, option 4 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 2) Choose the correct action word to complete given web.

sing draw

Action words 1) tall 2) her   

3) talk 4) slowly
? greet

Elaboration : In above web action words are given in the blank space one action word have
to select from options. talk is the related action word. Hence, option 3 is the
correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 3) Choose the correct option to complete the following web.

wise ?
1) they 2) book   
Adjectives 3) story 4) cruel
heavy cheep

Elaboration : Cruel is the only adjective. Hence, option 4 is the correct answer.
1 2 3 4

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 77

 Questions for practice

Q. 1) Choose the correct alternative to complete following web.

isn't musn't 1) not 2) you're   

Contractions 3) is 4) am

hasn't ?

Q. 2) Select the correct option to complete the following web.

? trees
1) roads 2) homes
Living things
3) human 4) stones
Birds Animals

Q. 3) Choose the correct option to complete the following web diagram.

Sister Mother
1) Maid 2) Nurse

Family 3) Doctor 4) Brother

? Father

Q. 4) Choose the correct suffix to complete following web.

clever
kind 1) ment 2) ity
? 3) ness 4) tion

bright eager

Q. 5) Read the content given in the web diagram and select the correct title for the web
from the given alternatives.
Earthquakes Floods 1) a man-made disaster
2) seasonal calamities   
?
3) natural calamities

Drought Storms 4) heavenly wrap

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 78

Q. 6) Choose the incorrect response to the content at the center of the following web
diagram.
Its ok That's unbelievable 1) Well done
2) That's unbelievable   
Rahul has 3) Try again
won judo
4) Congratulations.
championship

This is terrible ?

Q. 7) Choose the correct alternative to complete the following web.

CPU ?
1) Mouse 2) Television
Computer 3) Mobile 4) Laptop

Monitor Printer

Q. 8) Read following web and choose the correct alternative.

Doctor Nurse
1) School 2) House
? 3) Village 4) Hospital

Patient Medicine

Q. 9) Complete the following web by choosing the correct alternative.

Diamonds Rubies
1) oysters 2) creatures   
? 3) gemstones 4) pearls

Sapphires Emeralds

Q. 10) Complete the following web by choosing the correct alternative.

play write
1) cage 2) heavy   
Action words 3) eat 4) mobile

? fly

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 79

Q. 11) Complete the following web by choosing the correct noun.

Freedom ?
1) Run 2) Good   
Noun 3) Story 4) Fast

Beauty Health

Q. 12) Read the following responses in the following web and choose the correct alternative.

This These 1) personal pronouns

2) demonstrative pronouns   
? 3) Interrogative pronouns
4) Reflexive pronouns
That Those

Sub Unit - 2.5 : Word Register

Word register refers to the set of words that are used in specific situations or professions.
Word register is set of typical words used in a specific area of writing or speech is called 'Word
Register'.
Example :
Nature - Trees, Forest, Rivers, Mountains.
Education - Students, Learn, Exam, Marks.

Model Questions

Q. 1) Which of the following is not the word register for - 'Army'.

1) Soldier 2) Training 3) Discipline 4) Enjoy
Elaboration : Option 4 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 2) Pick out the word that belongs to the word register for - 'Exam'
1) Learn 2) Earn 3) Play 4) Timepass
Elaboration : Option 1 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 3) Choose two options that belongs to the word register for - 'Garden'
1) Bushes 2) Craft 3) Flowers 4) Sand
Elaboration : Option 1 and 3 are the correct answers. 1 2 3 4

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 80

Q. 4) Pick out the in correct pair of country - city word register.
1) India - Lahore 2) Sri Lanka - Cochin
3) Nepal - Shrawasti 4) Bangladesh - Dhaka
Elaboration : Option 2 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 5) Pick out the incorrect pair of word register.

1) Cricket - Virat Kohli 2) Tennis - Leander Paes
3) Badminton - Neeraj Chopra 4) Football - Sunil Chhetri
Elaboration : Option 3 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Questions for practice

Q. 1) Choose the option which is not the word register for - 'Computer'.
1) Software 2) Device   3) Printing 4) Blowing

Q. 2) Select the correct pair of word register.

1) Tiger-calf 2) Lion-lamb 3) Cat-Kitten 4) Duck-Chicken

Q. 3) Pick out the word that does not relate to the word register 'teaching'.
1) Guide 2) Teach 3) Gossip 4) Examine

Q. 4) Pick out the correct pair of state-capital word register.

1) Karnataka - Bengaluru 2) Gujrat - Vadodara
3) Keral - Cochin 4) Telangana - Vijayawada

Q. 5) Pick out the word that does not relate to the word register 'Year'.
1) Month 2) Centaur 3) Week 4) Fortnight

Q. 6) Choose the option which is not the word register for - 'Family'.
1) Partition 2) Love 3) Unity 4) Bond

Pick out the words that belongs to the word register of the given word.
(For Q. 7 to 9)
Q. 7) Democracy :
1) King's rule 2) People's rule 3) Officer's rule 4) Merchant's rule

Q. 8) Team :
1) Break 2) Autocracy 3) Help 4) Misbelief

Q. 9) Child :
1) Harsh 2) Adamant 3) Wise 4) Innocent
School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 81
 Sub Unit - 2.6 : Grid
Important points :
Puzzles play important role for increasing vocabulary of the students. Word Puzzles are
important for joyful learning and increasing curiosity of students. Increase in thinking capacity is
also possible with the help of grid like puzzles.

Model Questions

Q. 1) Find out any two names of months from the following and choose the correct
option.
J A N U A R S
1) January, March
A U S G P J A
2) January, December
S G N T R L N

F U M A R C H 3) March, AugusT

P S P Q I N J 4) March, December
R T L E L T P
D E C E M B R

Elaboration : In the above grid, there are correct spellings and proper order of March and
August months. Hence, option 3 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 2) Find out any two names of wild animals from the following and choose the correct
option.

D O G U R R S
1) Deer, Dog
A G T E P J A
2) Dog, Tiger
S G G T R L N
3) Dog, Deer
F I M A R C H

T S P Q I N J 4) Tiger, Wolf

R T L W O L F
D E E E R B R

Elaboration : In the above grid, dog is not a wild animal, the spelling of deer is incorrect but
there are correct spellings of tiger and wolf. Hence, option 4 is the correct
answer. 1 2 3 4

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 82

Q. 3) Find out any two names of fruits from the following and choose the correct option.
M A R I G O L

D O G A N S D 1) Mango, Apple

M L G U A V A 2) Guava, Mango

D A L I M B K 3) Apple, Guava

S O N L G R P 4) Grapes, Mango
L A N G R S T
A P P L O N G
Elaboration : In the above grid, option No. 2 Guava, Mango spelled correctly and no other
fruit's spelling is correct. Hence, option 2 is the correct answer.
1 2 3 4

Q. 4) Choose the correct parts of the human body and complete the set.
T R U
    N K T HEAD, SHOULDERS, KNEES, …………
M A K S N I
1) Trunk
F O
E S O N 2) Tail
G O
L D E N 3) Toes
T S
Y R O G 4) Mane
L B T A I L
Elaboration : TRUNK, TAIL and MANE are not the body parts of human body but option
No.3 TOES is a body part of human body. Hence, option 3 is the correct
answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 5) Choose the correct alternative from the grid which is used to write on the white
board.
P E N C I L

M A R K E R 1) Marker
2) Pencil
A B K G O N
3) Duster
G O L D E N
4) Card
T S Y R O G
L B T A I L
Elaboration : Pencil, Duster and Card are not useful for writing on the white board but
Marker is used for writing on the White Board. Hence, option 1 is the correct
answer. 1 2 3 4

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 83

 Questions for practice
Q. 1) Find the correct pair of state and it’s capital from the grid.
P U N J A B
1) PUNJAB - CHANDIGARH
A A R K E R
2) GOA - PANAJI
N G K G O N

A O L D E N 3) MAHARASHTRA - MUMBAI

J A Y R O G 4) ASAM-DISPUR
I B A S A M
Q. 2) Find the correct alternative which is used for playing cricket.
R A C K E T
1) Hockey stick
M A R K E E

B P K G O N 2)   VOLLY    BALL

G O A L E A 3) Stand
L S
A D O N 4) Pad
L B T A I T
Q. 3) Find out the two occupations from the given grid.

D R
I V E N 1) Driver, Mason
M O R K E R
2) Farmer, Doctor
A A C G O N
3) Tailor, Doctor
G O S T E N

T S Y O O G 4) Driver, Farmer
T A I L O R
Q. 4) Find out the correct alternative which is related to given register.
C H E S S M Y B

P R O H O M A L CRICKET, HOCKEY, …….

K K L R R S D P 1) BASEBALL

J I R P E S I O 2) CHESS

J A M B E U N M 3) CARROM

C K A E T H B G 4) TABLE TENNIS
S L E E M H I O
L I O N P M O T

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 84

Q. 5) Study the following grid and find out two vegetables.
C H
I L B L Y 1) CUCUMBER, POTATO
F R P E R C I
2) POTATO, CHILLI
J C M A I K E
3) BRINJAL, CHILLI
Y A A B N G O

F U G O J D E 4) POTATO, BRINJAL
U P O T A T O
W K L B L A I
Q. 6) Three tame animals are hidden in the grid. Two of them are cat and dog, which
is third one ?
P G O A W L
1) Goat
M A R O E R
2) cow
A B C G O N

D O L D E N 3) buffalo

T S Y R O G 4) BULL
L B U L I L
Q. 7) Find the month which is related to National Festival.
F E B R U A Y
1) February
J U L Y I R L
2) July
M A R K A R J
3) August
A U G U S N T

G O N D E N G 4) January
T A Y R O G H
J B T A I L Y
Q. 8) Find the correct alternative which is related to parts of the tree.
Root, stem, leaves, ................
W A T E R L
1) Sweet
F A R K E A
2) Fruit
A R K G O N
3) Land
G O U D E D
4) Water
T S Y I O G
L B T A T L

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 85

Q. 9) Find out the related word from the grid.
Farmer, Doctor, Carpenter, ...................
P E N T A R
1) Mason
M A R K E R
2) Teacher
A B K V O N

G O I D E N 3) Soldier

T R Y R O G 4) Driver
D E A C H E
Q. 10) Observe the grid and fill in the blanks.
Ramesh always comes on time because his mother has advised him, to be
.............................. .
P E N G I L O P

U A P P Y R U O
                   1) Clever
N B K G O N C O
2) Punctual
C O L D C N L R
                   3)
T S Y T O G E L Happy   
L B U A I L V J 4) Sad
S A D D G U E L
L O P P Y D R L
Q. 11) Here is a list of some words started with letter 'P'. Find out one meaningful word
from the grid that begins with 'P'. pan, pot, pocket, .................
P E M C I L
1) Parrot
M A R K I R
A B K P O N 2) Pin
G O U D E N 3) Pot
T P A R O T 4) Pupil
L B T A I L
Q. 12) Find out any two names of sense organs.
H E E C I E
1) Nose, Tongue
E Y U K E S
A B G G O O 2) Eye, Nose
D O N D E N 3) Skin, Nose
T S O R O G 4) Ear, Eye
L B T A I L

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 86

Q. 13) Find out the pair of antonyms from the grid.
P A S S I L O Q

M A R K E R L W 1) Pass × Fail
A B K G O N D E 2) Old × Young
G O L D E G L R
3) Go × Come
T F A I N G O T
4) Fat × Thin
L B T U I L L Y
G I O R F A T U
P Y T H O L M I
Q. 14) Find out the correct alternative related to the list ........ Go, Orange, Eye, ...........

E N T R T L 1) You
M A E K S R 2) Enter
A B L G A N 3) Elbow
G O B D E N 4) East
T S O R O G
Y O U A I L
Q. 15) Choose correct alternative regarding garden.

F L O W E S R S
D
O G G P A R R 1) Flowers
O
T T N R I K L 2) Trees
P
O R I N A K G 3) Grass
O B E N C E S K
4) Bench
K L E U I O P S
P O E M M I L K
O W S T E R I K
Q. 16) Find out the correct alternative from the grid which is related to the given list.
Duckling, mare, chick, ...............…

B E N C I L
1) Baby
M A
R A E R 2) Calf
A B
B L O N 3) Foal
G O
L F E N 4) Puppy
T S Y F O L
P U P Y I L

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 87

Q. 17) Find out the alternative which is not in the grid.

A B N P A R R O D 1) Post

N L O O H C S B S 2) School

T S U P E R I O R 3) Garden

T N E D R A G T P 4) Parrot

Q. 18) Find out the correct option of adverb to add in the given list. Quickly, clearly,
bravely, .......
A e n c i L w r t b y j
p a r k e r i u y e t r
1) Vast
A B K G O N F G Y A T R
2) Fast
G O L D E N F R Y U L U

T S Y R O G Q A S T J G 3) Beautiful

L B T A I L F G L I K D 4) Nice
M D F F A S T L Y F J K
L N I C E M B W D U F K
A S D F G H I J K L M O

Q. 19) Find out two emotions from the following grid.

J E N C I L O P
1) Joy, happiness
O D I S G U S T

I B K G O N O T 2) sadness, disgust

Y O L D E N Y L 3) joy, disgust

T S A D N E S S 4) happiness, sadness
L B T A I L I L

Q. 20) Find out the synonym of 'small' from the following grid.

S
T U N N I N G Y 1) PETITE
M
F E A R L E S S 2) FEARLESS
A
B K G O N P O T 3) STUNNING
G
O E T I T E P P 4) FURIOUS
T S F U R I O U S



School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 88

 Unit : 3 Language Study
Sub Unit - 3.1 : Parts of Speech

Let's understand :
A part of speech ( also called a word class) is a category that describes the role of a word
plays in a sentence. Understanding the different parts of speech can help you analyse how words
function in a sentence .
There are eight parts of speech in the English language : noun, pronoun, verb, adjective,
adverb, preposition, conjunction, and interjection. The parts of speech indicates how the word
functions in meaning as well as grammatically within the sentence.

Model Questions

Q. 1) Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank.

The sudden death of our uncle was ................ for all of us.
1) tragic 2) fragile 3) gentle 4) dissuasive
Elaboration : Let's look at the meaning of the given words. Tragic means causing or
characterized by extreme distress or sorrow. Fragile means easily broken or
damaged. Gentle means having or showing a mild, kind, or tender temperament
or character. Dissuasive means to persuade someone not to do something. As
per the meaning of the given words, 'tragic' is the appropriate answer.
Hence, option 1 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 2) In the following question, two words that are similar in meaning. Choose the
correct option.
(a) Possessive (b) Dreadful (c) Secretive (d) Repugnant
1) b and c 2) b and d
3) a and b 4) a and c
Elaboration :
Words Their meanings
Possessive One who cares for the possessions
Dreadful Causing intense displeasure
Secretive One who does not disclose information
Repugnant causing intense disgust

Thus it is proved that the two words are similar in meaning. They are Dreadful
and Repugnant. Hence option 2 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 89

Q. 3) Choose the correct adjective to complete the sentence :
The ................. boy thanked the store clerk.
1) politely 2) polynomial 3) politeness 4) polite
Elaboration : Politely is an adverb. Polynomial is a mathematical term. Politeness is a noun.
Polite is an adjective. Hence, option 4 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4
Q. 4) Choose the appropriate conjunction for the given sentence
Manali likes Math .................. English.
1) but 2) and 3) so 4) none of these
Elaboration : Conjunction is a word used to connect clauses or sentences or to coordinate
words in the same clause. The appropriate conjunction for the given sentence
is 'and'. Hence, option 2 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4
Q. 5) Select the most appropriate synonym of the given word.
Confusion
1) Intrepidity 2) Stagnation 3) Perusal 4) Commotion
Elaboration : Confusion is the state of not being able to think clearly or not understand
something. Commotion is a state of confused and noisy disturbance. The
most appropriate synonym of given word is commotion. Intrepidity means the
quality of being bravery. Stagnation means stability. Perusal means a reading or
examining of something. Hence, option 4 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Questions for practice

Q. 1) Choose the correct alternative.

The students ................ the teacher on teacher's day for twenty years of dedicated
teaching.
1) felicitated 2) facilitated 3) fantasized 4) felicitation
Q. 2) Determine which of the word fits well in all sentences.
1) The school lunch should be ............ to meet the nutritional needs of growing children.
2) The machine does an .............. job.
3) The tent should provide ............ protection from the elements.
4) The quality of his work was ..............
1) worth 2) better 3) adequate 4) quite
Q. 3) Pick out the word that is most nearly the same in meaning.
REPEAL
1) to pay back 2) undress
3) say again 4) withdrew
School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 90
Instructions for Q. 4 to Q. 10.
Choose the most suitable alternative to make the sentence logical. (Based on verbs often
confused)
Q. 4) The police ................... into action on receiving the telephone call yesterday.
1) swang 2) swung 3) swing 4) swim
Q. 5) I think she ................... the clock this week.
1) wounded 2) wind 3) wound 4) work
Q. 6) During the rainy season, this stream ......................
1) overflowed 2) overflow 3) Overflown 4) overwhelm
Q. 7) The woodcutter ................... the log of the wood to make a cot.
1) saw 2) sew 3) sawed 4) seen
Q. 8) When the robbers had put all the money in the bag they ...................
1) fled 2) fleed 3) flee 4) fly
Q. 9) When calamity .............. the family, he faced it boldly.
1) fell 2) fall 3) befell 4) fail
Q. 10) Corruption has a tremendous ................... on our political system.
1) effect 2) affect 3) affected 4) effected
Instructions for Q. 11 to Q. 15.
Each sentence is divided into multiple parts. Find out the error part from the given options
and indicate your response from the given options.
Q. 11) Sukanya could not hardly hear what her teacher was saying.
1) Sukanya could 2) not hardly hear
3) was saying 4) no error.

Q. 12) Prerna looks active today as she soundly slept last night.
1) active today as she 2) soundly slept
3) last night 4) Prerna looks.
Q. 13) Shaan is surely a great singer and no other singer is a match for him.
1) A great singer 2) Shaan is surely
3) is a match for him 4) No error
Q. 14) Mahatma Gandhi tried to eradicate social evils tooth and nail.
1) evils 2) tooth and nail
3) no error 4) to eradicate social

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 91

Q. 15) I often met him nearly India gate in the evenings.
1) in the 2) nearly India gate
3) no error 4) evenings
Instructions for Q. 16 to Q. 18.
Choose the correct pronouns from the given options.
Q. 16) The students talked to .................. when the teacher had left.
1) each other 2) themselves 3) oneself 4) one another
Q.17) ................ flavour do you prefer to have ?
1) What 2) Which 3) Who 4) Whom
Q.18) I heard someone knocking at the door but wasn't sure ................... it was.
1) who 2) what 3) which 4) whom
Instructions for Q. 19 to Q. 21.
Choose the correct prepositions from the alternatives given under each sentence.
Q. 19) His professional ability proves that he is .................. for this job.
1) out 2) up 3) down 4) at
Q. 20) Now government servants have the day ............... every Saturday.
1) out 2) off 3) since 4) of
Q. 21) Nothing can deter him .................. pursuing his aim in life.
1) for 2) from 3) in 4) on
Instructions for Q. 22 to Q. 25.
Choose the correct Nouns from the given options.
Q. 22) The ............... created a scene outside the mall entry.
1) divorce 2) repartee 3) divorcee 4) resource
Q. 23) The .................. are very comfortable.
1) bus's seats 2) bus seats 3) bus seat 4) seats of the bus
Q. 24) The tennis tournament is open to both .................. and professionals.
1) amateur's 2) matures 3) pros 4) amateurs
Q. 25) The first ........... of COVID - 19 include fever and cold.
1) symposium 2) symptom 3) symptoms 4) seasons

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 92

 Sub Unit - 3.2 : The Function of Tenses

Let's understand :
Tenses are defined as verbs used to indicate or denote the time of occurrence of an action or
event. These verbs that take up different forms to indicate the time of an action, event, or condition
by changing its form are called tenses.
Tenses are primarily classified into three categories :
1) The verbs that are used to indicate an action, event, or condition that has happened in the
past are known as past tense.
2) The verbs that are used to indicate an ongoing event or an event that is currently occurring
in the present moment are known as present tense.
3) The verbs that are used to indicate an event that is going to occur in the future are known
as future tense.
There are two ways of forming a tense in English which is from the main verb i.e the past
and the present form and to form other tenses, we need the help of auxiliary verbs such as have,
be, or will.
Each of these three tenses have four different aspects :
1) Simple 2) Perfect 3) Continuous 4) Perfect Continuous
Tense and Aspect are defined as grammatical categories that are mostly used together. The
Tense defines the location of an action or an event in time whereas, Aspect defines how an action
is viewed in terms of time rather than actual location in time.
The Function of Tenses :
Simple Tenses : The simplest form of each type of tense which is used to indicate single action
in the past, present, or future is known as Simple tenses.
Progressive or Continuous Tenses : This tense describes or expresses a continued or ongoing
action which is, was or will be in progress in the present time, past time, or in the future. This
tense talks about unfinished or ongoing events or actions.
Perfect Tenses : A Perfect Tense is a form of verb tense which is used to indicate one event
that has occurred before another. Adverbs such as never, yet and, already are used to indicate the
perfect nature of the used tenses.
Perfect Progressive or Continuous Tenses : The perfect progressive tenses usually denote the
from when or "how long" of an event or occurrence. Also, they always have the adverbs since or
for in the sentences to indicate the continuous or progressive nature of the tenses.
 Present perfect progressive is used to indicate an activity or event that started in the past
and is continuing at present.
 Past perfect progressive is used to indicate an activity or event that started in the past and
has continued to occur for some time in the past.
 Future perfect progressive describes the actions that will continue up until a point in the
future.

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 93

 Use of Different Tenses and Aspects :
Simple Past Tense : The Simple Past Tense is always used for completed actions and events. The
best example would be when writing steps in the research process or any historical background
information. This could be your own research or a research done by someone else the tense we
use to write would be in Simple Past.
Simple Present Tense : The Simple Present Tense is used commonly while academic writing. The
two main uses of Simple Present Tense is while describing facts and describing the content of a
particular text. These facts or content description does not have to be located in a specific time
and hence they are called Simple present.
Simple Future Tense : The Simple Future Tense is used commonly while making predictions or
stating intentions. It is also sometimes used for stating the hypotheses. The main rule to this, is to
avoid making any statements about the future that shows certainty.
Present, Past and Future Continuous Tense : The Continuous Aspect is similar in the tenses;
it is not mostly used for academic writing as it has an informal tone.
Present, Past and Future Perfect Tense : The Perfect Aspect is similar among the tenses it refers
to an action or a state that occurred in the past at an indefinite time. It could also be something
that must have begun in the past but is continued in the present time.
Present Perfect Continuous Tense : The Present Perfect Continuous is used to describe an event
that starts in the past and is continued to the present or has any relevance to the present.
Past Perfect Continuous Tense : The Past Perfect Continuous is used to describe an event that
started, continued and ended in the past and has relevance to the past.
Future Perfect Continuous Tense : The Future Perfect Continuous is used to describe an event
that will continue in the future and has relevance to the future at an expected time.

Model Questions

Q. 1) He wore the T-shirt yesterday. (Identify the function of the tense.)

1) Simple Past Tense 2) Simple Present Tense
3) Present Perfect tense 4) Present Continuous Tense
Elaboration : It is the simplest form of past tense which indicates single actions done in
the past. The verb ‘wore’ also indicates the past tense. Hence, option 1 is the
correct answer. 1 2 3 4
Q. 2) I am writing an article on different topics. (Identify the tense.)
1) Present Continuous Tense 2) Past Continuous Tense
3) Future Continuous Tense 4) Present Perfect Tense
Elaboration : This Tense describes or expresses continued action which is in progress in the
present time. Hence, option 1 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 94

Q. 3) It will have stopped raining
1) Present Perfect Tense 2) Past Perfect Tense
3) Future Perfect Tense 4) Simple Present Tense
Elaboration : The Perfect Tense is formed of the verb tense which is used to indicated the
raining event that will occur in the future. Hence, option 3 is the correct answer.
1 2 3 4

Q. 4) She has been watching the movie for two hours.

1) Present Perfect Continuous Tense 2) Past Perfect Continuous Tense
3) Future Perfect Tense 4) Future Continuous Tense
Elaboration : This Tense denotes for how long the action of watching a movie occurred.
Hence, option 1 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 5) Mohan will be running a marathon this Saturday.

1) Future Continuous Tense 2) Past Continuous Tense
3) Present Continuous Tense 4) Present Perfect Tense
Elaboration : The tenses describe the action of running as continuous in the future time. Hence,
option 1 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Questions for practice

Choose the correct auxiliary verb in the following sentences.

Q. 1) The people next door .................. (make) lot of noise.
(Add the Present Continuous Tense)
1) were making 2) was making
3) are making 4) will be making
Q. 2) My family ................. (live) in Bengaluru for a year when I was 10.
(Add the correct form of Simple Past Tense)
1) was living 2) lives 3) lived 4) will be living
Q. 3) When you called, I ................. (have) a shower.
(Add the correct form of Past Continuous Tense)
1) was having 2) am having 3) had 4) were having
Q. 4) I ....................... (write) a letter. (Add the correct form of Simple Present Tense)
1) wrote 2) write 3) have written 4) will write
Q. 5) She is not .................. (work) (Add the correct form of Present Continuous Tense)
1) works 2) working 3) will work 4) worked

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 95

Q. 6) She ................. (return) the books three days ago.
(Add the correct form of Present Perfect Tense)
1) has returned 2) have returned
3) will return 4) had return
Q. 7) He .................. (own) this house since 2017.
(Add the correct form of Present Perfect Tense)
1) has owned 2) had owned
3) will have owned 4) have owned
Q. 8) She ................ (play) Ludo the whole day.
(Add the correct form of future Continuous Tense)
1) has been playing 2) will be playing
3) shall be playing 4) had been playing
Q. 9) She .............. (suffer) a lot by now.
(Add the correct form of future Perfect Tense)
1) will have suffered 2) had suffered
3) has suffered 4) was suffered
Q. 10) My sister ....................... (hope) that I would send her money.
(Add the correct form of Past Perfect Tense)
1) will hope 2) had hoped
3) have hoped 4) will be hoping
Instructions for Q. 11 to Q. 25 : Identify the tense
Q. 11) I saw him yesterday.
1) Simple past tense 2) Past perfect tense
3) Future tense 4) Present perfect tense
Q. 12) She is working on a new project.
1) Present continuous tense 2) Present perfect tense
3) Future perfect tense 4) Past perfect Tense
Q. 13) It has started raining again.
1) Present Perfect Tense 2) Present perfect continuous tense
3) Simple past tense 4) Future continuous tense
Q. 14) It has been raining heavily.
1) Simple past tense 2) Future perfect tense
3) Past perfect tense 4) Present perfect continuous tense

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 96

Q. 15) She had already left.
1) Future Perfect Tense 2) Past Perfect Tense
3) Present Perfect Tense 4) Simple past tense
Q. 16) You never helped me in anything.
1) Simple past tense 2) Present Perfect Tense
3) Future Perfect Tense 4) Present continuous tense
Q. 17) Shouting loudly, he demanded admission.
1) Simple past Tense 2) Present perfect tense
3) Past perfect Tense 4) Simple tense
Q. 18) I don't know the answer.
1) Future perfect tense 2) Simple present tense
3) Past perfect tense 4) Future perfect tense
Q. 19) The workers have been working on the building for a long time.
1) Present perfect continuous tense 2) Future perfect continuous tense
3) Past perfect continuous tense 4) Perfect continuous tense
Q. 20) Mr. Peter will have been teaching for twelve years next month.
1) Future perfect continuous tense 2) Past perfect tense
3) Present perfect tense 4) Simple past tense.
Q. 21) Raja was going to market. (Identify the Tense)
1) Present continuous Tense 2) Past continuous tense
3) Future continuous Tense 4) Past perfect tense
Q. 22) Amir had been living in India for the last 20 years.
1) Present perfect continuous tense 2) Past perfect continuous tense
3) Future perfect continuous Tense 4) Past perfect Tense
Q. 23) Manoj sat under a mango tree.
1) Simple Present Tense 2) Simple Future Tense
3) Simple Past Tense 4) Present Perfect Tense
Q. 24) Nilesh was flying a kite.
1) Past Continuous Tense 2) Future Continuous Tense
3) Present Continuous Tense 4) Past Perfect Tense
Q. 25) I had completed the task.
1) Present Perfect Tense 2) Future Perfect Tense
3) Past Perfect Tense 4) Past Perfect Continuous Tense.

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 97

 Sub Unit - 3.3 : Kinds of Sentences, Clauses and Analysis

Let's understand :
There are three types of sentences. They are simple, compound and complex.
 Simple sentence has one independent clause. It has no dependent clause.

For example : Milind lost his keys.
 Compound sentences have two or more independent clauses. It has no dependent clause. It
is connected by conjunctions like 'and'

For example : Milind lost his keys and Manisha found a gold necklace.
In this compound sentence, we have two Independent clauses. They are not dependent. They
are connected with conjunctions 'and'.
 Now let's study Complex sentence. It has one independent clause and one or more subordinate
clauses.

For example : Milind lost his keys while Manisha found her gold necklace.
In this example' While Manisha found her gold necklace' is a subordinate clause. Hence, it
is called a complex sentence.

Model Questions

Q. 1) Identify the type of sentence. Children love their parents.

1) Compound-Complex sentence
2) Complex sentence
3) Compound sentence
4) Simple sentence
Elaboration : It has only one finite verb. It has one independent clause. Hence, option 4 is
the correct answer. 1 2 3 4
Q. 2) Ananya got her laptop and Harsh took admission for engineering.
The above sentence is an example of compound sentence. The reason is….
1) There is only one main clause
2) There is only one subject, one finite verb and a predicate.
3) There are two independent clauses which are joined by a co-ordinating conjunction.
4) There are two clauses joined by a sub-coordinating conjunction.
Elaboration : There are two independent clauses. They are joined by a co-ordinating
conjunction 'and'. Hence, option 3 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 98

Q. 3) My mother made the chapati while my father helped her in cutting vegetables.
1) Simple sentence 2) Compound sentence
3) Compound-Complex sentence 4) Complex sentence
Elaboration : There is one main clause and one subordinate clause. The subordinate clause
starts with 'while'. Subordinate Clause is dependent on the main clause. Hence
it is an example of a complex sentence. Hence, option 4 is the correct answer.
1 2 3 4

Q. 4) The boys who come late had been punished, when they didn't attend the morning
assembly in the school.
Which one of the following is an example of embedded clause?
i) That the late boys had been punished is the main clause.
ii) When they didn't attend the morning assembly in the school is the subordinate clause.
iii) That the late boys had been punished is the matrix clause.
iv) That the late boys had been punished is the embedded clause.
1) i 2) i, ii, iii, 3) i, ii, iv 4) i, ii, iii, iv
Elaboration : The sentence consists of three clauses. That the late boys had been punished is
the main clause. When they didn't attend the morning assembly in the school
is the subordinate clause. That the late boys had been punished is the matrix
clause in which that the late boys had been punished, is embedded. Hence,
option 4 is the correct answer . 1 2 3 4

Q. 5) What we know is what we do not know. Identify the type sentence.

1) Simple sentence 2) Compound sentence
3) Complex sentence 4) Not a sentence
Elaboration : We know the main clause. It has subordinate clauses also. Hence, option 3 is
the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Questions for practice

Q. 1) Sudha went to school and Saket went to market.

1) Compound sentence 2) Complex sentence
3) Simple sentence 4) Compound-Complex sentence
Q. 2) The man is standing in the garden.
1) Compound sentence. 2) Complex sentence.
3) Simple sentence. 4) A phrase.

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 99

Q. 3) A flower may smile today, but it may die the next day.
1) Complex sentence. 2) Simple sentence.
3) A phrase. 4) Compound sentence.
Q. 4) The girl with a blue saree.
1) A phrase. 2) A sentence.
3) Main clause 4) All 1 to 3 are correct.
Q. 5) Mansi could not go to the school because her mother was ill.
(The conjunction/subordinator in this sentence is used….)
1) could 2) to 3) because 4) her
Q. 6) Milind lost his keys while Manisha found her gold necklace. In this sentence, the
optional part is :
1) Milind lost his keys. 2) While Manisha found her gold necklace
3) Milind 4) Manisha
Q. 7) Sparshika noticed that her brother had signed a big project. In this sentence, the
subordinate clause functions as :
1) Subject 2) Verb 3) Object 4) Complement
Q. 8) Shital noticed that her brother had signed a big project. In this sentence, the
embedded clause is :
1) Shital noticed
2) that her brother had signed a big project.
3) Shital noticed that her brother had signed a big project.
4) None of these
Q. 9) I don't know why Sanjay is absent today.
(Identify the clause.)
1) Adverb clause of place 2) Adverb clause of manner
3) Adverb clause of time 4) Adverb clause of reason
Q. 10) She informed that the meeting has been cancelled.
(Identify the subordinate clause.)
1) that the meeting has been cancelled
2) She informed
3) meeting has been cancelled
4) She has been cancelled
School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 100
Q. 11) To err is human; to forgive is divine. In this sentence subject is :
1) To err 2) human
3) to forgive 4) no subject
Q. 12) The basic parts of clauses are :
1) Subject 2) Object
3) Complement 4) All 1 to 3
Q. 13) Home is where one starts from. The subordinate clause here is :
1) Home is 2) Home is where
3) where one starts from 4) one starts from
Q. 14) Which is an acceptable sentence?
1) What we know about how chess is learnt is what we would like to know.
2) What we would like to know is what we know about how chess is learnt.
3) How chess is learnt what we know is what we would like to know.
4) All 1 to 3
Q. 15) Anna was poor. Poverty didn't become a block in his life.
(Combine two sentences in a single sentence using though.)
1) Though Anna was poor, poverty didn't become a block in his life.
2) Anna was poor as poverty in life.
3) Poverty didn't become a block in his life.
4) No Answer
Q. 16) I like the idea, that is colourless.
(Identify the main clause.)
1) I like the idea. 2) that it is a colourless idea.
3) I like the colourless idea. 4) no main clause
Q. 17) Jack and Jill who were friends went up the hill.
(Identify the subordinate clause.)
1) Jack and Jill who were friends
2) who were friends
3) went up the hill
4) Jill who were friends went up the hill

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 101

Q. 18) The boys, who did not pay fees, shall consult the clerk.
(Identify the clause.)
1) Restrictive clause 2) Nonrestrictive clause
3) Relative clause 4) Restrictive relative clause
Q. 19) The place where he lived is full of natural beauty.
(Name the clause.)
1) Adjective clause 2) Adverb clause of manner
3) Adverb clause of time 4) Adverb clause of Place
Q. 20) He met me when I was busy in my work.
(Identify the clause.)
1) Adverb clause of place 2) Adverb clause of manner
3) Adverb clause of time 4) Adverb clause of reason
Q. 21) He showed me how to speak in public.
(Identify the clause.)
1) Adverb clause of place 2) Adverb clause of manner
3) Noun clause. 4) Adverb clause of reason
Q. 22) Leena is as beautiful as her sister is.
1) Adverb clause of manner 2) Adverb clause of comparison
3) Adverb clause of reason 4) adverb clause of place
Q. 23) Ravi is so late that he cannot enter the examination hall.
1) Adverb clause of reason 2) adverb clause of result
3) Adverb clause of time 4) adverb clause of place
Q. 24) If it does not rain, I will attend the birthday party.
1) Adverb clause of condition 2) Adverb clause of reason
3) Adverb clause of place 4) Adverb clause of manner
Q. 25) Though she is poor, she is honest.
1) Adverb clause of contrast 2) Adverb clause of result
3) Adverb clause of time 4) Adverb clause of place

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 102

 Sub Unit - 3.4 : Types of Sentences (Transformation)

Let's understand :
Sentence is a group of words containing a subject and a predicate that expresses a statement,
a question, etc. When a sentence is written it begins with a capital letter and it ends with punctuation
marks such as : a full stop (.), question mark (?), exclamation mark (!) etc.
Types of sentences :
The Sentences can be classified into three types - Simple, Complex and Compound.
A Simple Sentence is one that has only one Subject and one Predicate. It has only one finite

verb.
For example : 1) She went home.
2) I saw a snake, near my school in the morning.
A Complex Sentence consists of one main clause and one or more dependant or subordinate

clauses.
For example : 1) She went home, after the school was over.
2) The boys found the book which had been lost.
A Compound Sentence consists of two or more independent or co-ordinate clauses. They

are joined by co-ordinators. (For example : and, but, so, or, nor etc.)
For example : 1) He finished his work and he left his office.
2) He is poor but he is honest.
Say whether the following are Simple, Complex or Compound Sentences.
1) They felt safe.
2) Captain Smith knew that there were icebergs nearby.
3) He fought hard to steer, but the ship changed direction slowly.
4) Most passengers heard nothing and they slept on.
5) The crew lowered the life-boats.
6) They asked them why ships carry such few life-boats.
Compound Sentences Simple Sentences Complex Sentences
You must take your medicine You must take your medicine to If you want to get well, you
otherwise you can't get well. get well. must take your medicine
Hurry up or you will miss the Hurry up to get the train. Unless you hurry up, you will
train miss the train.
He has got the lion's share of In spite of having got the lions Though he has got the lion's
his father's property, yet he is share of his father's property he share of his father's property,
dissatisfied. is dissatisfied he is dissatisfied
He worked hard, but he did not In spite of his hard work, he did Though he worked hard he did
succeed. not succeed. not succeed.

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 103

 Simple Sentences Complex Sentences
She was too tired to wait. She was so tired that she could not wait.
The king was too weak to walk. The king was so weak that he could not walk.
This news is too good to be true. This news is so good that it cannot be true.
The bag is too heavy for me to lift it. The bag is so heavy that I cannot lift it.
It is too dark to read. It is so dark that none can read.

Compound Sentences Simple Sentences Complex Sentences

 He studied hard. He passed  He studied hard to pass the  He studied hard so that he
the examination! examination. could pass the examination.
 He studied hard and passed  Studying hard, he passed the
the examination. examination.
 He opened the bag. He took  He opened the bag to take  He opened the bag so that
out some books. out some books. he could take out some
 He opened the bag and took  Opening the bag, he took out books.
out some books. some books.

Simple Sentences Complex Sentences

You do not know the day of his birth. You don't know when he was born.
He hoped to win the first prize. He hoped that he that he would win the first prize.
She told me the time of his departure. She told me the time when he would depart.
Gopal helped me. It was Gopal, who helped me.
I saw a wounded bird. I saw a bird which was wounded.

In simple sentence use of 'where' and make complex sentence.

Simple Sentences Complex Sentences
I was born in Jalgaon. This is Jalgaon where I was born.
Find out his residence. Find out where he lives.
Grandpa was admitted in this hospital. This is the hospital where Grandpa was admitted.

By using 'If' Compound Sentence can be converted into Complex Sentence.

Compound Sentence : Run fast, and you will get the bus.

Complex Sentence : If you run fast, you will get the bus.

Affirmative and Negative Sentences.
Affirmative Negative
1) He is walking slowly. 1) He is not walking fast.
2) He is poor 2) He is not rich.
3) He is always on time. 3) He is never late.
4) I am innocent 4) I am not guilty.

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 104

 Affirmative Negative
Using 'without'
1) Every rose has thorns. 1) There is no rose without thorns.
2) Where there is will there is a way. 2) There is no way without will.
Using Too.... to So....that
She is too dull to pass the examination. She is so dull that she can not pass
the examination.
By changing the Degree
1) Pune is smaller than Mumbai. 1) Mumbai is not as small as Pune.
2) The Ganga is the longest river in 2) No other river in India is as long
India. as the Ganga.
As Soon as .......... No sooner...than
1) As soon as he opened the door, the 1) No Sooner did he open the door,
bird flew away. the bird flew away.

-
Affirmative Negative
He failed to understand.. He did not understand.

fail to do not

fails to does not

-
Affirmative Negative
1) Only God can help us. 1) None but God can help us.
2) He has only ten rupees. 2) He has not more than ten rupees.
only/alone/merely None but
for object nothing but
number/digit/quantity not more than. not less than.

Affirmative Negative
unable to... can not / could not
1) He was unable to climb the mountain. 1) He could not climb the mountain.
Unless... If not
1) Unless you study hard, you will fail. 1) If you don't study hard, you will fail.
Must.. can not but / can not help + v + ing
1) We must obey our parents. 1) We can not but obey our parents.
2) We cannot help obeying our parents.

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 105

 Affirmative Negative

Everyone
Everybody There is no + Another
Every person Word of Infinite pronoun + but.

1) Every mother loves her child. 1) There is no mother but loves her child.
Always... Never
1) Raju always attends the class. 1) Raju never misses the class.

Model Questions

Q. 1) Change the following sentence by using 'so...... that'.

The news is too good to be true.
1) The so news is good that to be true.
2) The news is so good it cannot be that true.
3) The news is so good that it cannot be true.
4) The news is good so that to be true.
Elaboration : 'So' is used before adjective and 'that' is used after adjective. Hence, option 3
is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4
Q. 2) Convert the following sentence into interrogative sentence.
I reached home yesterday.
1) Don't reach home I yesterday ? 2) Doesn't I reach home yesterday ?
3) Didn't I reach home yesterday? 4) Don't I reach home yesterday ?
Elaboration : In above sentence there is past tense so 'didn't' is used in beginning of
interrogative sentence. Hence, option 3 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4
Q. 3) Transform the following sentence into assertive sentence.
Does this phone have latest technology ?
1) This phone did not have latest technology.
2) This phone do not have latest technology.
3) This phone was not have latest technology.
4) This phone does not have the latest technology.
Elaboration : In sentence 'do', 'did' and 'was' is not used, there is 'does' in the in the sentence.
Hence, option 4 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 106

Q. 4) Convert the following sentence into affirmative without changing the meaning.
Nobody was absent.
1) Everybody was present. 2) Everybody was absent.
3) Nobody was present. 4) Everybody was hardly present.
Elaboration : The opposite word of 'nobody' is 'everybody'. Hence, option 1 is the correct
answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 5) Convert the following sentence to exclamatory sentence.

''He was a very popular singer''.
1) What a popular singer he was!
2) What a popular singer was he!
3) Was he a popular singer!
4) How popular singer he was!
Elaboration : The format of exclamatory sentence is ''Exclamatory pronoun + Object + Subject
+ Verb + Exclamatory mark''. Hence, option 1 is the correct answer.
1 2 3 4

Questions for practice

Instruction for Q. 1 to Q. 3 Transform the following sentences by using ' no sooner...than'

Q. 1) As soon as they had eaten they went out for a stroll.
1) No sooner they had eaten than they went out for a stroll.
2) No sooner had they eaten than they went out for a stroll.
3) No sooner they had written they then went out for a stroll.
4) No sooner had then it and they went out for a stroll.
Q. 2) As soon as the sun rose they left for the work.
1) No sooner do the sun rose than they left for the work.
2) No sooner had the sun Rose than they left for the work.
3) No sooner does the sunrise than the left for the work.
4) No sooner did the sun rise than they left for the work.
Q. 3) As soon as the bell rings the children sit into their classroom.
1) No sooner did the bell ring than the children sit into their classroom.
2) No sooner does the bell ring than the children sit into their classroom.
3) No sooner does the bell rings than the children sit into their classroom.
4) No sooner do the bell ring than the children sit into their classroom.

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 107

Instruction for Q. 4 to Q. 8.
Transform the following sentences by using 'not only...but also'
Q. 4) They will paint outside of the house they will paint inside of the house.
1) They will paint not only the outside but also the inside of the house.
2) Not only would they paint the outside of the house but also the inside.
3) Not only will the paints the outside of the house but also the inside.
4) Not only but also they will paint outside and inside.
Q. 5) She missed my birthday party she did not care to apologise for forgetting it.
1) She not only missed my birthday party but also she did not apologise for forgetting
it.
2) Not only did she forget my birthday but also she didn't even apologise for forgetting
it.
3) Not only does she forget my birthday but also she didn't even apologise for forgetting
it.
4) Not only does forget my birthday but also she didn't even apologise for forgetting
it.
Q. 6) She was sowing and singing.
1) She not only is singing but sowing also.
2) She was not only sowing but also singing.
3) Not only she sings but also sowing .
4) She not only was sowing but singing also.
Q. 7) Grace eats broccoli and cauliflower.
1) Grace eats not only broccoli but also cauliflower.
2) Grace eats not only broccoli cauliflower but also.
3) Not only Grace eats but also broccoli cauliflower.
4) Not only Grace but also eats broccoli cauliflower.
Q. 8) The car is economical and safe to drive.
1) The car not only is economical but also safe to drive.
2) Not only the car is economical but also safe to drive.
3) The car is not only economical but also safe to drive.
4) The car not only economical is but also safe to drive.

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 108

Instruction for Q. 9 and Q. 10 Transform the following sentences by using 'Unless'.
Q. 9) If you water the plants, they will not die.
1) Unless you water the plants they would not die.
2) Unless you water the plants, they will die.
3) Unless you water the planting they will die.
4) Unless you water the planted they will die.
Q. 10) If you read, you will learn.
1) If you read unless you will learn.
2) If you read unless you would learn.
3) Unless you read you not learn.
4) Unless you read, you will not learn.
Instruction for Q. 11 to Q. 13. Transform the following sentences by using 'so ...... that'
Q. 11) She was too happy to care.
1) She was so happy that she doesn't care.
2) She was so happy that she hadn't care.
3) She was so happy that she did not care.
4) She was so happy that she don't care.
Q. 12) He is too short to be a police officer.
1) He is so short that he didn't be a police officer.
2) He is so short that he didn't be a police officer.
3) He is so short that he don't be a police officer.
4) He is so short that he can not be a police officer.
Q. 13) The law was too complicated for me to understand.
1) The law was so complicated that I can't understand.
2) The law was so complicated that I couldn't understand.
3) The law was so complicated that I wouldn't understand.
4) The law was so complicated that I hadn't understand.
Q. 14) Convert the following sentence by using 'too.....to'
It is so cold that we cannot go for swimming.
1) It is too cold to go for swimming.
2) It is to cold too go for swimming.
3) It is too cold too go swimming.
4) It is too cold that go for swimming.

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 109

Instruction for Q. 15 and Q. 16.
Transform the following sentences by using 'so .... that.
Q. 15) He is too short to be an athlete.
1) He is so short that he cannot be an athlete.
2) He is so short to that he cannot be an athlete.
3) He is so short that to he could be an athlete.
4) He is too short that he cannot be an athlete.
Q. 16) The mangoes are too ripe to be eaten.
1) The mangoes will have so ripe that they cannot be eaten.
2) The mangoes are so ripe that they cannot be eaten.
3) The mangoes were so ripe that they cannot be eaten.
4) The mangoes have so ripe that they cannot be eaten.
Q. 17) Convert the sentences using 'more than'.
Rahul does not earn as much as Ramesh.
1) Ramesh earns more than Rahul.
2) Ramesh earn more than Rahul.
3) Ramesh earned more than Rahul.
4) Ramesh earn more that Rahul.
Q. 18) In the following sentence replace 'so....that' by using 'too....to'
The tea is so hot that I cannot drink it.
1) The tea is too hot to drink for me.
2) The tea is too hotter for me to drink.
3) The tea is too hot for me to drink.
4) The tea is too hot for us to drink.
Instruction for Q. 19 and Q. 20.
Make an Exclamatory Sentences.
Q. 19) She is very beautiful.
1) What beautiful she is ! 2) How a beautiful she is !
3) What a beautiful she is ! 4) How beautiful she is !
Q. 20) Virat is very fortunate.
1) How fortunate Virat is ! 2) What a fortunate Virat is !
3) How a fortunate Virat is ! 4) What fortunate Virat is !

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 110

Q. 21) Convert the sentences into interrogative sentence.
Ram has brought an interesting book from the shop.
1) Has Ram bringing an interesting book from the shop ?
2) Have Ram brought an interesting book from the shop ?
3) How Ram brought an interesting book from the shop ?
4) Hasn't Ram brought an interesting book from the shop ?
Q. 22) Make the assertive sentence.
Doesn't my mother bake delicious cake ?
1) My mother baked delicious cake.
2) My mother is baking delicious cake.
3) My mother bake delicious cake.
4) My mother bakes delicious cake.
Q. 23) Convert the sentence into negative sentence.
My father works at a farm.
1) My father didn't work at a farm.
2) My father does not work at a farm.
3) My father do not work at a farm.
4) My father does work at a farm.
Q. 24) Choose the correct replacement of the given sentence :
Here is a pool which we can swim in !
1) Here is a pool to swimming !
2) Here is a pool for swimming !
3) Here is a pool swimming in !
4) Here is a pool to swim in !
Q. 25) She was tired. She still went on working.
Which of the following sentence change the above sentences correctly into a complex
sentence.
1) She was tired but she still went on working.
2) Though she was tired, She went on working.
3) Although tired she still went on working.
4) She still went on working despite she was tired.

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 111

 Sub Unit - 3.5 : Figures of Speech/Literary Devices

Let's understand :
Figure of speech is an intentional deviation from literal statement or common usage that
emphasizes, clarifies or embellishes both written and spoken language. Figures of speech are like
ornaments to the language which beautify it. Figures of speech are found in polished poetry and
prose.
1) Simile : Simile is a figure of speech. It is mainly used to compare two or more things that
possess same/similar quality. Words like 'like' or 'as' are used to make comparison.
i) It is as cold as ice. Or It is so cold like ice.
ii) Her cheeks are as pink as rose. Or Her cheeks are pink like rose.
2) Metaphor : The figure of speech, or an expression found in literature that describes a person
or object by referring to something that is considered to have similar characteristics to that
person or object.
i) Seema is the nightingale of our group. ii) Jayesh has a stone heart.
3) Personification : It is a poetic device where animals, plants or inanimate objects are given
human qualities like emotions or thoughts. In short inhuman things are considered as humans.
i) Stars are shining as if they are smiling.
ii) The sunlight was dancing on the sea surface.
4) Hyperbole : It is a figure of speech. It uses exaggerated or extravagant statement to create
a strong emotional response. It is used mostly to create humour.
i) She is as old as a river.
ii) She was so black, that she touched the water of sea and it turned black.
5) Antithesis : It is contrasting or combining two terms, phrases, or clauses with opposite
meanings.
i) Man proposes, God disposes. ii) No pain, no gain.
6) Exclamation : Sudden response towards some unexpected or immediate expression is called
exclamation. It is a short expression to express emotion.
i) Hurrah ! We won the match. ii) Alas ! she left this world.
7) Climax : Climax is a figure of speech in which three or more words, phrases or clauses
are used in succession. The words, phrases or clauses are written in ascending order of
importance.
i) Better stand tall when they're calling you.
ii) To infinity, and beyond.
8) Anticlimax : It is a series of words, phrases or clauses are mentioned in descending order
of importance.
i) I die, I faint, I fall. ii) He was rogue, liar, a trickster.

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 112

 Model Questions

Q. 1) Choose the correct figure of speech alternative for the following line given below,
And dances with the Daisy
1) Hyperbole 2) Alliteration 3) Simile 4) Metaphor
Elaboration : The option No. 2 is Alliteration. The sound 'd ' is pleasingly repeated for poetic
effect. Hence, option 2 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4
Q. 2) Which of the following is an example of Metaphor?
1) The bitter sweet memories of childhood are a source of great pleasure.
2) My heat leaps up when I behold a rainbow in the sky.
3) The face of the child is as soft as the petals of a rose.
4) He is a big donkey.
Elaboration : Metaphor is a word or phrase for one thing that is used to refer to another thing,
in order to show or suggest that they are similar. Here, a person as denoted by
' he ', is a human being who is said to be a donkey. Thus, the sentence is an
example of Metaphor. Hence, option 4 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4
Q. 3) Choose the correct option for the proverb given below
Necessity is the mother of invention.
1) Metaphor 2) Personification 3) Simile 4) Hyperbole
Elaboration : Personification is the attribution of human nature or human characteristics to
something that is non-human. In the given proverb necessity is personified as
a mother. Hence, option 2 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 4) The reddest flower would look as pale as snow for, all day, we drag our burden
tiring.
Mention the figure of speech employed in the above lines.
1) Simile 2) Exclamatory 3) Hyperbole 4) None of these
Elaboration : The figure of speech employed in the above line is 'Smile'. Simile is an expression
comparing one thing with another, always including the words 'as' or 'like'. In
the given sentence the flower is being compared with snow. Hence, option 1 is
the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 5) Identify the figures of speech in the line given below (Choose 2 correct alternatives.)
Dancing and flying the little leaves went.
1) Personification 2) Metaphor
3) Tautology 4) Alliteration

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 113

Elaboration : The figure of speech contained in the given line is Personification and
Alliteration. As the leaves are given human ability of dancing and sound 'L' is
repeated pleasingly. Hence, options 1 and 4 are the correct answers.
1 2 3 1

Questions for practice

Identify the figures of speech in the lines given below.

Q. 1) I saw her gleam like a soil in the sun.
1) metaphor 2) personification 3) simile 4) hyperbole
Q. 2) Life is not bed of roses.
1) simile 2) metaphor 3) antithesis 4) climax
Q. 3) I am so hungry I could eat all the food here.
1) personification 2) simile
3) metaphor 4) hyperbole
Q. 4) Speech is silver, but silence is gold.
1) anticlimax 2) antithesis 3) antimony 4) metaphor
Q. 5) Seema wept and Ocean of tears.
1) simile 2) hyperbole 3) metaphor 4) antithesis
Q. 6) I wandered lonely as a cloud.
1) personification 2) metaphor
3) simile 4) climax
Q. 7) She was looking like a fairy.
1) metaphor 2) antithesis 3) anti climax 4) simile
Q. 8) To err is human to forgive is divine.
1) antithesis 2) simile 3) climax 4) anti climax
Q. 9) What a wonderful day it is!
1) Simile 2) Metaphor 3) exclamation 4) hyperbole
Q. 10) The flowers are smiling.
1) personification 2) simile
3) climax 4) metaphor
Q. 11) The camel is the ship of the desert.
1) simile 2) metaphor
3) personification 4) climax

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 114

Q. 12) The rose was smiling at me.
1) hyperbole 2) climax
3) personification 4) anticlimax
Q. 13) That tree was an umbrella for me in that heavy rain.
1) metaphor 2) simile
3) personification 4) anticlimax
Q. 14) I am so hungry, I can eat an elephant.
1) hyperbole 2) climax 3) anticlimax 4) antithesis
Q. 15) Hope for the best, prepare for the worst.
1) antithesis 2) anticlimax 3) hyperbole 4) metaphor
Q. 16) Her hair is as black as night.
1) metaphor 2) simile 3) hyperbole 4) climax
Q. 17) Androcles was as brave as Lion.
1) simile 2) metaphor 3) hyperbole 4) antithesis
Q. 18) The fire burnt Peter's house down and he lost his cell phone.
1) simile 2) metaphor 3) Climax 4) anticlimax
Q. 19) It is soft like velvet.
1) metaphor 2) climax 3) simile 4) hyperbole
Q. 20) Oh ! that's better.
1) exclamation 2) simile 3) metaphor 4) climax
Q. 21) It's raining cats and dogs.
1) simile 2) metaphor 3) climax 4) exclamation
Q. 22) It smells like sandalwood.
1) simile 2) exclamation 3) metaphor 4) climax
Q. 23) Speed of bullet train is as fast as Cheetah.
1) simile 2) metaphor 3) climax 4) anticlimax
Q. 24) She was so black that she touched the water and the whole crater turned black.
1) metaphor 2) simile 3) hyperbole 4) climax
Q. 25) How beautiful the garden is !
1) exclamation 2) simile 3) metaphor 4) hyperbole

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 115

 Sub Unit - 3.6 : Synthesis

Let's understand :
The word synthesis means joining or combining. Thus, two or more sentences can be combined
into a single sentence using any one of the following methods. e.g. By using participles, infinitives,
using prepositions with noun, using noun phrases etc.
Part I
1) By using participle : There are two participles. They are present participle and past
participle.

For example : Ananya typed the message, she sent it to her teacher.
Having typed the message, Ananya sent it to her teacher.
2) By using infinitive :

For example : Rupali gave a dictionary, she asked to find the correct spelling of
new words.
Rupali gave a dictionary to find the correct spellings of new words.
3) By using adverbs or adverbial phrases :
The words like why, when and where can be used in such cases.

For example : 1) I will tell the teacher why I have not brought the Aadhar card.
2) The mobile gallery is much overloaded. That is usual.
The mobile gallery is usually much overloaded.
3) Arya kept all notebooks at home. This was a foolish act.
Arya foolishly kept all notebooks at home.
4) By using prepositions with a noun or Gerund :

For example : The bus stopped. The students stepped out.
The students stepped out from the bus.
5) By using the noun or a noun phrase in Apposition :

For example : This is Salim Ali. He is a birdwatcher.
This is Salim Ali, the birdwatcher.
6) By using the nominative absolute construction :

For example : The physical teacher ordered. The students dispersed.
The physical teacher having ordered, the students dispersed.
Part II
To combine two simple sentences into compound sentence :
1) By using coordinate conjunctions : (and, not only but also, not less than etc.)
1) Aaradhya planted the saplings. Sparshika watered the same plan.
Aaradhya planted the saplings and Sparshika watered the same plant.

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 116

 2) Sanchi took a selfie 'Meri Mati Mera Desh'. She uploaded the photo on the given link.
Sanchi not only took a selfie 'Meri Mati Mera Desh' but also uploaded the photo on the
given link.
2) To combine Simple sentences into Complex sentences.
This can be done by the use of subordinate clauses. (Noun, adjective or adverb clauses)

For example : 1) Identify a student. S/he is reading a story book.
Identify a student who is reading a story book.
2) Pass on this paper please! These are your worksheets to work in groups.
Pass on these papers, please which are your worksheets to work in
groups.
3) Life is beautiful. This movie is based on Albert Einstein's life.
Life is beautiful is a movie based on Albert Einstein's life.
4) It is winter. Maharashtra is cold.
Maharashtra is cold in winter.

Model Questions

Q. 1) Mr. Narendra Modi is the Prime Minister of India. He is going to address this
evening.
Make a single sentence from these two sentences.
1) Mr. Narendra Modi, the Prime Minister of India, is going to address this evening.
2) Mr. Narendra Modi, the Prime Minister of India is going to address this evening.
3) Mr. Narendra Modi who is the Prime Minister of India is going to address this
evening.
4) Mr. Narendra Modi, who was the Prime Minister of India, going to address this
evening.
Elaboration : By using a noun or a phrase in Apposition. Here, Mr. Narendra Modi and Prime
Minister of India is using a phrase in Apposition. Hence, option 1 is the correct
answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 2) They had talked for three hours. They went to school.

1) Had talked for three hours they went to school.
2) Have talked for three hours, they went to school.
3) Has talked for three hours they went to school.
4) Having talked for three hours they went to school.
Elaboration : By using participles two sentences are combined. Hence, option 4 is the correct
answer. 1 2 3 4

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 117

Q. 3) Sunil must complete this homework. There are still a few exercises.
1) Sunil had still few exercises to complete.
2) Sunil still how you exercises before he complete it.
3) Few exercises are still left for Sunil to complete.
4) There are still few exercises for Sunil to complete.
Elaboration : By using to infinitive. Hence, option 1 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 4) Reading is a must. The underlined word reading is :

1) Both 3 and 4 2) Present participle
3) Gerund 4) Subject
Elaboration : By using preposition with a noun or Gerund. Hence, option 1 is the correct
answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 5) Combine these two sentences which are grammatically accepted. You can use why.
I will not tell you the story. My mother left the house.
1) I will not tell you the story my mother leaves the house.
2) I will not tell you the story my mother left the house.
3) Why I will not tell you the story my mother leaving the house.
4) I will not tell you the story why my mother left the house.
Elaboration : In this example, the word why is used as a relative adverb. The words like
where, when and why can be used as relative adverbs. Hence, option 4 is the
correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Questions for practice

Q. 1) My mother was a great woman. She realized the danger of poverty. She sacrificed
her life to overcome it.
1) Great woman, My mother realized the danger of poverty and sacrificed her life to
overcome it.
2) My mother, a great woman, sacrificed her life to overcome poverty on realizing
the danger of poverty.
3) My mother sacrificed her life to overcome poverty when she realized the danger
of poverty.
4) Having realized the danger of poverty, my mother, a great woman, sacrificed her
life to overcome it.

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 118

Q. 2) He stood on tip toe. He reached for the oranges on tree.
1) He reached for the oranges on tree by standing tip toed.
2) He reached for oranges on tree when he stood on tip toe.
3) Standing on tip toe, he reached for the oranges on tree.
4) He reached the oranges on tree standing on tiptoe.
Q. 3) Our team will win the match. That is certain.
1) It is certain that our team will win the match.
2) Our team will certainly win the match.
3) Certainly our team will win the match.
4) Our team will win the match certainly.
Q. 4) The Trade Centre caught fire. The building was burnt to ashes.
1) The Trade Centre, having caught fire, the building was burnt to ashes.
2) The building of Trade Centre caught the fire and burn to assess.
3) The building of the Trade Centre was born to the ashes when it got fire.
4) The Trade Centre caught fire and the building was born to ashes.
Q. 5) Radhika mopped the room. She found a wallet lying in the corner.
1) Radhika found wallet while mopping the corner of the room.
2) Radhika found wallet lying in the corner.
3) Radhika mopped the room and found a wallet lying in the corner.
4) While mopping the room, Radhika was found a wallet lying in a corner.
Q. 6) Ashoka was a great warrior. But he failed to unite people.
1) Ashoka was a great warrior but he failed to unite them territories into Empire.
2) Ashoka was a great warrior but he failed to unite the various people.
3) Despite being a great warrior you fill the people to unite.
4) Ashoka failed to unite the various people in spite of being a great warrior.
Q. 7) You must finish this story. There are still few chapters.
1) You have still few chapters to finish this story.
2) You still have a future to read before you finish it.
3) Few chapters are still left for me
4) There are still few chapters for you to read the story

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 119

Q. 8) Combine the following Simple sentences into one simple sentence.
They decided to start a new company. All agreed to this.
1) They all agreed to start a new company.
2) They jointly decided to start a new company.
3) They agreed to start a new company
4) They unanimously decided to start a new company.
Q. 9) Which of these is not a type of sentence?
1) Simple 2) Continuous 3) Compound 4) Complex
Q. 10) Pick out the sub clauses in the following sentence. Deepika played when morning
came.
1) Deepika played 2) played when morning
3) when morning came 4) morning came
Q. 11) Combine sentences by using prepositions with a noun or a Gerund.
Radhika reached the station. She bought tickets.
1. Radhika reached station so she bought tickets.
2. On reaching the station Radhika bought tickets.
3. Radhika bought tickets because Radhika reached the station.
4. Radhika only get tickets when Radhika reached the station.
Q. 12) Combine each set of sentences into a complex sentence by using noun clauses :
She may be guilty. You cannot say.
1) None of the above 2) Whether she is guilty you cannot say.
3) Cannot say whether she is guilty. 4) You cannot say whether she is guilty.
Q. 13) The students are advised to pay exam fees. The students have not paid it yet. Make
a sentence using two sentences.
1) The students are advised to pay the fees.
2) The students are advised not to pay the fees.
3) The students are advised to pay fees who have not paid it yet.
4) Who have paid the fees students are advised to pay it.
Q. 14) Combine each set of the sentences into Complex sentence by using noun clauses.
She will be late. That is certain.
1) None of those. 2) Certain that he will be late.
3) That she will late is a certain. 4) That she will be late is certain.

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 120

Instructions for Q. 15 to Q. 20
Combine the following sentences using participles :
Q. 15) Monika cried at the top of her voice. She rushed to the spot.
1) Cried at the top of her voice, she rushed to the spot.
2) Crying at the top of her voice see to the spot.
3) Crying at the top of her voice, she rushed to the spot.
4) To cry at the top of her voice, She rushed to the spot.
Q. 16) They had been hit on the head. They fell unconscious.
1) Having been hit on the head, they fell unconscious.
2) Have been hit on the head they feel unconscious.
3) Having had been hit on the head they feel unconscious.
4) Has been hit on the head they say unconscious.
Q. 17) He delivered a performance. It was stunning.
1) He delivers a stunning performance.
2) He delivered a stunning performance.
3) He delivered a stunt performance
4) He delivered a stunts performance.
Q. 18) She followed her mother's footsteps. She became a singer.
1) Following her mother's footsteps, she became a singer.
2) Followed her mother's footstep, she became a singer.
3) Follows her mother's foot shapes she became singer.
4) Followers for mother steps should be singers.
Q. 19) He lost his daughter in the fair. He became sad.
1) Has lost his daughter in fair, he became sad.
2) Have lost his daughter in fair he became sad.
3) Have lost his daughter in fair, he became sad
4) Having lost his daughter in fair, he became sad.
Q. 20) 41 miners were killed in Bengal. That figure includes the crew.
1) 41 miners killed the crew died in the mine.
2) 41 miners including the crew died in accident.
3) 41 includes the crew died in the mine
4) 41 had including the crew died.

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 121

Q. 21) The teacher instructed. The students dispersed.
(Make a compound sentence using these two sentences.)
1) The teacher having instructed, the students dispersed.
2) The teacher having instructed, the students disperse.
3) The teacher having instructed the dispersed.
4) The teacher having instructed, dispersed.
Q. 22) Monali brought tiffin for her friend. She shared her tiffin with her friend.
(Make a compound sentence using these two sentences.)
1) Monali brought tiffin for her friend. She shared her tiffin with her friend.
2) Monali brought tiffin for her friend. And shared her tiffin with her friend.
3) Monali brought tiffin for her friend. She will share her tiffin with her friend.
4) Monali brought tiffin for her friend and shared her tiffin with her friend.
Q. 23) Gargi participated in an elocution competition. She participated in Chess.
(Use not only but also)
1) Gargi participated in an elocution competition. She participated in chess also.
2) Gargi not only participate in an elocution competition. She but also participated in
chess.
3) Gargi participate not only in elocution competition. She participated but also in
chase.
4) Gargi participated not only in an elocution competition but also in chess.
Q. 24) The woman is wearing paithani saree. The woman is going to wedding ceremony.
(Combine these two sentences in a single sentence.)
1) The woman, who is wearing paithani saree, is going to a wedding ceremony.
2) The woman who are wearing paithani saree. The woman is going to wedding
ceremony.
3) Women is wearing pattern saree the women is going to wedding ceremony.
4) Women is wearing paithani saree the women is going to wedding ceremony.
Q. 25) Reading is a must. The underlined word 'must' is : ....................
1) Complement 2) Adverb
3) Noun 4) Verb

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 122

 Sub Unit - 3.7 : Gerund

Let's understand :
A verb which ends with 'ing' in it but we use that verb as a noun is a gerund.
For example : walking, sleeping, playing etc. In other words, Gerund is a Verbal noun.
Examples : 1) He likes drinking soft-drinks. 2) He hates borrowing money.
In the 1st example, 'drinking' is a gerund but it is used as an object of 'likes' which is a
transitive verb so we'll call it a noun.
In the 2nd example, 'borrowing' is a gerund but it is used as an object of 'hates' which is a
transitive verb so we'll call it a noun.
In these examples we used drinking, borrowing and playing as a noun. So these words are
gerunds but we all know that these are the 'ing' forms of verbs. So when an 'ing' form of verb is
used in a sentence as a noun it's called gerund.
We use gerund as a subject of noun of any verb :
 Drinking alcohol is not good for health. ()

 Saving is better than spending. ()

We use gerund as an object of verb :

 He likes drinking soft-drinks. () (Use of gerund as a noun)

In this example, 'drinking' is a gerund but it is used as an object of 'likes' which is a

transitive verb.
We use gerund after the possessive :
Sometimes we use gerund after the possessive case i.e.
 We appreciate you taking the time to meet us. ()

 We appreciate your taking the time to meet us. ()

In this example, it should be you're the possessive case of you because this is an important
rule of gerund in which we have to use gerund after possessive case.
In the given example a student can't see the error easily because we always forget this rule
because every sentence of this type looks correct.
We use gerund after some special preposition :
From, before, after, at, in, on, by, without, for, to and besides if we don't use gerund after
these prepositions, there will be an error in our sentence so we must remember this rule in our exam.
Ex :  We were hopeful of win the match. ()
 We were hopeful of winning the match. ()
 After taken lunch, he went from there. ()
 After taking lunch, he went from there. ()
In the given sentence (2nd) we have a word after and we all know that this is a word for
duration and we use this in a perfect sentence but in the given sentence we will use this with
gerund because it is used as a preposition in this sentence.

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 123

 We use gerund after some special words :
Allow, permit, forbid, advice after these words we'll use a gerund. These are common words
that can use either a gerund or an infinitive with it.
 He allowed his son to enter the room. ()
 He did not allow playing in the ground. ()
In the 1st sentence we are using an infinitive with to with allow and on the other hand, we
are using a gerund with allow, so we must know that when we should use an infinitive or when
we should use a gerund. When we have an object in our sentence we use infinitive with to with
these words and when we don't have an object we use gerund with these words.
 My father advised me to read a novel daily. ()
 My father advised reading a novel. ()
We use gerund as an object of any preposition :
To explain this rule here are two sentences in which the first sentence uses a preposition +
gerund and in the other sentence, we use infinitive with to.
 Mahatma Gandhi devoted his life to helping the poor. ()
 Mahatma Gandhi devoted his life to the poor. ()
Now in the 1st sentence we use to as a preposition while in the 2nd sentence we use to as
an infinitive with we use gerund after some special verbs :
Appreciate, admit, avoid, deny, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, forgive, propose, suggest
are those verbs which take gerund with themselves.
 He proposed going to the movie. ()
 He postponed coming to dinner. ()
 My mother enjoys cooking food. ()

Model Questions

Q. 1) Which of the following is a gerund ?

Swimming is a good exercise.
1) Swimming 2) Swiming 3) Swam 4) Swim
Elaboration : A gerund is a verb that ends in -ing and functions as a noun. Hence, option 1
is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 2) Which of the following is a gerund?

1) Sleeping 2) Sleeps 3) Slept 4) Sleepily
Elaboration : A gerund is a verb that ends in -ing and functions as a noun. Sleeps is a present
tense verb. Slept is past tense of verb, and sleepily is an adverb.
Hence, option 1 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4
Q. 3) Identify the gerund in the sentence : "I love reading books."
1) I 2) Love 3) Reading 4) Books
Elaboration : Reading is a gerund in this sentence because it ends in -ing and functions as a
noun. Hence, option 3 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 124

Q. 4) Which of the following sentences contains a gerund ?
1) She walked to the store. 2) They watched the movie.
3) He enjoys playing soccer. 4) We ate pizza for dinner.
Elaboration : Playing is a gerund in this sentence because it ends in -ing and functions as a
noun. Hence, option 3 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4
Q. 5) Which of the following is a gerund phrase ?
1) Walking in the park 2) The park is beautiful
3) She loves to walk 4) The dog is barking
Elaboration : A gerund phrase consists of a gerund and any accompanying words. In this
sentence, walking in the park is a gerund phrase. Hence, option 1 is the correct
answer. 1 2 3 4

Questions for practice

Q. 1) Waiting for a bus is a ...................... experience.

1) kills 2) kill 3) killing 4) is killing
Q. 2) He went on ...................... foolishly.
1) spoke 2) to speaking 3) speaking 4) speaks
Q. 3) ...................... to many places enriches our knowledge.
1) Travel 2) To travel 3) Travelled 4) Travelling
Q. 4) Without the advice of a doctor ...................... medicines is dangerous.
1) taking 2) to takes 3) takes 4) is taking
Q. 5) On Sundays I go for ......................
1) fish 2) to fish 3) fishes 4) fishing
Q. 6) The boys were punished for ...................... late.
1) came 2) to come 3) to coming 4) coming
Q. 7) I am averse to ......................
1) drink 2) drunk 3) to be drink 4) drinking
Q. 8) Her servant is afraid of ...................... the master.
1) disobey 2) disobeyed 3) disobeying 4) be disobeying
Q. 9) Boys like ...................... football.
1) playing 2) to playing 3) to played 4) to be playing
Q. 10) I saw her ......................
1) dance 2) dancing 3) to dance 4) is dancing

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 125

Q. 11) I detest ...................... in public places.
1) spitting 2) spit 3) spat 4) be spitted
Q. 12) Lock the door before ...................... out.
1) go 2) be going 3) gone 4) going
Q. 13) She felt an insect ...................... around.
1) to fly 2) to be flying 3) flying 4) fly
Q. 14) Do you mind ...................... the window ?
1) closing 2) to closing 3) closed 4) close
Q. 15) Suresh is not capable of ...................... hard work.
1) do 2) doing 3) to be doing 4) to be done
Q. 16) Which of the following sentence contains a gerund phrase?
1) The car needs a new battery. 2) She is painting a picture.
3) He loves watching movies. 4) They are playing soccer in the park.
Q. 17) Which of the following sentence contains a gerund?
1) She drove to the store. 2) They watched the game.
3) He enjoys playing basketball. 4) We walked to the park.
Q. 18) I remember ...................... you last year.
1) meet 2) met 3) meeting 4) to meet
Q. 19) I suggest ...................... rather than going by two wheeler.
1) to cycle 2) cycling 3) two cycling 4) cycled
Q. 20) They cannot stop ......................
1) sing 2) sings 3) singing 4) be singing
Q. 21) It is a common sight to see youngsters ...................... junk food.
1) eat 2) to eat 3) eating 4) is eating
Q. 22) The ...................... of the dogs frightened the baby.
1) To bark 2) bark 3) barking 4) is bark
Q. 23) Can you live without ...................... water?
1) drinking 2) drink 3) drinks 4) drunk
Q. 24) She is not interested in ...................... sweets.
1) eat 2) eaten 3) eating 4) to be eating
Q. 25) ...................... away one's time is an art.
1) Idling 2) Idled 3) To idle 4) Be idling
School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 126
 Sub Unit - 3.8 : Infinitives

Let's understand :
When we use the word 'to' before a verb in a sentence, we are using the infinitive verb form.
However, what can be confusing is that the infinitive phrase -- 'to' plus a verb -- does not act like
a verb at all but rather takes on the role of a noun, adjective or adverb in a sentence.
For example, we have this famous sentence from Hamlet : 'To be or not to be: that is the
question.'
The phrase 'to be' is acting as the subject of the sentence. It is as if the verb phrase puts on
the costume of a noun, adjective or adverb and plays the role of a part of speech other than itself.
Infinitives are forms of verbs that do not change according to person, tense and word.
For example : to go,to speak, to come, to write etc.
1) He decided to go to Canada. (Past Tense)
2) She wants to go to the college. (Present Tense)
3) They will try to go to Shimla next week. (Future Tense) The above three sentences have
different subjects, genders, and clauses, similarly, the tenses are also different, but the form
of to go has not changed, that is, whatever the subject and whatever the tense, the form of
the infinitive does not change. The use of infinitives '____'
1) As the object of the verb : She tried to win the gold medal.
2) To express purpose. : We went there to find the truth.
The infinitives are always used after the noun, adjective and verb.
1) I have a desire to become a doctor. (after a noun)
2) He is eager to go to school. (after an adjective)
3) Radha likes to play Kho-Kho. (after a verb)
The infinitives without to : When using the infinitive after the verb can, may, will, shall, etc., it
has to be used without to, it is called bare infinitives.
For example : 1) We shall learn a lesson. 2) You may go.

Model Questions

Q. 1) Find out the correct infinitives from the given sentence.

Sonali wants to roam around in the forest with her friends.
1) wants 2) to 3) to roam 4) Sonali
Elaboration : Infinitives are the form of verb with 'to', so option 3) 'to roam' is the correct
answer. Option 1) 'wants' is a verb, option 2) 'to' is preposition and option
4) 'Sonali' is noun. So, they are not infinitives. Hence, option 3 is the correct
answer. 1 2 3 4

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 127

Q. 2) Identify the correct infinitives from the given sentence.
We eat to live.
1) We 2) eat 3) to 4) to live
Elaboration : In this sentence option 1) We is pronoun, option 2) 'eat' is verb and option
3) 'to' is preposition and option 4) 'to live' is verb with 'to' that's called infinitives.
Hence, option 4 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4
Q. 3) Find out the bare infinitives from the given sentence.
She made us laugh.
1) made 2) laugh 3) she 4) us
Elaboration : The option no (2) is the correct answer because after a verb, infinitives used
without to and that is called bare infinitives. Hence, option 2 is the correct
answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 4) Find out the infinitives from the given sentence.

She decided to go to the market.
1) to 2) the 3) market 4) to go
Elaboration : Option (1) 'to' is preposition, option (2) 'the' is an article, option (3) 'market' is
the noun and option (4) 'to go' is the root verb with to so it is called infinitives.
Hence, option 4 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4
Q. 5) Find out the correct answer which is used as the object of the verb from the given
sentence.
He decided to leave Pune.
1) to 2) the 3) to leave 4) decided
Elaboration : Here the option 1) 'He' is pronoun. Option 2) 'Pune' is noun and option
4) 'decided' is verb but option 3) 'to leave' is functioning as the object of the
verb. Hence, option 3 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Questions for practice

Fill in the blanks using proper infinitive forms of the verbs in given sentences.
(Q. 1 to Q. 6)
Q. 1) The farmers agreed ...................... by the rules.
1) to 2) to abide
3) abide 4) farmers

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 128

Q. 2) He went to the shop ...................... the notebooks.
1) buy 2) to 3) the 4) to buy
Q. 3) "That's right", said his mother ...................... him.
1) him 2) to encourage
3) encourage 4) to
Q. 4) The doctor told him ...................... all the reports of x-ray testing.
1) bring 2) will bring
3) to bring 4) to
Q. 5) I want ...................... the new car of his friend.
1) see 2) to 3) car 4) to see
Q. 6) He had ...................... home by seven.
1) to reach 2) to
3) reach 4) none of the all
Find out the infinitive which is used as the object of the verb. (Q. 7 to Q. 10)
Q. 7) Rohan tried to win the championship.
1) to 2) to win
3) win 4) tried to win
Q. 8) Rucha wanted to roam the world with her parents.
1) to roam 2) to drink
3) roam 4) drink
Q. 9) My parents decided to leave Mumbai.
1) to left 2) to living
3) leave 4) to leave
Q. 10) Kavita decided to pass the final exam with good marks.
1) pass 2) failed 3) to pass 4) to
Find out the correct infinitive which is functioning as "to express the purpose" from the
given sentences. (Q. 11 to Q. 15)
Q. 11) They went there ...................... the history.
1) to 2) find
3) to find out 4) to find
Q. 12) The dog jumped ...................... the ball.
1) to catch 2) to 3) catching 4) catch

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 129

Q. 13) We play ...................... .
1) to 2) enjoy 3) to enjoy 4) enjoyed
Q. 14) I eat...................... .
1) to live 2) life 3) to life 4) live
Q. 15) They went Pune ...................... the robbers.
1) to follow 2) follow
3) following 4) to followed
Find out the correct infinitives from the given sentences.
Q. 16) I have a desire to become a popular actor.
1) have 2) desire 3) to become 4) become
Q. 17) I am eager to visit to my friend's house.
1) eager 2) to visit
3) to my 4) to my friend's
Q. 18) My job is ...................... news articles.
1) to write 2) to right 3) write 4) writing
Q. 19) To get more marks than Prathamesh is my goal.
1) to 2) to get 3) my goal 4) milk
Q. 20) There is a taxi to take you to the airport.
1) to the airport 2) to take
3) take 4) a taxi
Q. 21) I wish there was a road to get there faster.
1) wish 2) faster 3) a road 4) to get
Q. 22) I hope I get a job to make some money.
1) I hope 2) I get 3) a job 4) to make
Q. 23) I had too many books to carry.
1) too 2) books 3) to carry 4) to
Q. 24) I have enough food to eat.
1) food 2) have 3) enough 4) to eat
Q. 25) We agreed to meet at the cinema hall.
1) we 2) agreed 3) to meet 4) at the cinema

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 130

 Sub Unit - 3.9 : Spotting Errors

Let's understand :
Spotting the error is the type of question, in which your language skill is tested, regarding
Grammar (parts of speech, clauses, synthesis, language study, figures of speech, punctuation marks,
spelling mistakes, sentence construction.) You should go through every word, read silently, with
concentration, you can easily find out the error.

Model Questions

Q. 1) The children is going to market / to buy / the note book.

1) children is 2) to buy 3) note book 4) no error
Elaboration : If you go through option 1) you will find out that for 'children', an auxiliary 'is'
is used. As children is plural, there should be 'are'. So, spotted error is in the
1st part. Hence, option 1 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 2) My mother wakes up / every day / early in the night.

1) My mother wakes up 2) every day
3) early in the night 4) no error
Elaboration : If you go through the above sentence, you will find out that the word 'wakes'
is related to 'morning'. But in 3 part 'night' is used, Which is not correct. It is
the spotted mistake. Hence, option 3 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 3) Would you like to come / with me / to buy the black per?

1) Would you like to come 2) with me  
3) to buy the black per? 4) no error
Elaboration : In the above sentence to buy the black per. So spotted error is in part 2.
Hence, option 3 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 4) How / beautiful / this flower is!

1) How 2) beautiful 3) this flower is !  4) no error
Elaboration : The above sentence is an example of exclamatory sentence. There is nothing
wrong. So part 4. No error is the correct answer. Hence, option 4 is the correct
answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 5) Opened the / window / quick.

1) Opened the 2) window 3) quick 4) no error
Elaboration : The above sentence is an example of imperative sentence. Which begins with
base verb form. But in 1 part, it's 'opened', which is past tense of verb. So spotted
error is in 1st part. Hence, option 1 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 131

 Questions for practice

Which part of the sentence is an error ?

Q. 1) Where / do you / living?
1) Where 2) do you
3) living? 4) no error
Q. 2) He could not understand / where / to gone?
1) He could not understand 2) where
3) to gone? 4) no error
Q. 3) He is not only / a talented singer / also but a dancer.
1) He is not only 2) a talented singer
3) also but a dancer. 4) no error
Q. 4) Long, long ago / there lives / a kind, gentle and Courteous man called Raja .
1) Long long ago 2) there lives
3) a kind gentle and courteous 4) no error
Q. 5) The two friends / went back to the forest / to leave a free life .
1) The two friends 2) went back to the forest
3)   to leave a free life  4) no error
Q. 6) He ordered / the hunter / to set the bird free.
1) He ordered 2) the hunter
3) to set the bird free 4) no error
Q. 7) They were bound / by low / to obey their master.
1) They were bound 2) by low
3) to obey their master 4) no error
Q. 8) I got ready / and goes / to school.
1) I got ready 2) and goes 
3) to school  4) no error
Q. 9) The teacher greeted me/ with a smile /and asked me to seat by her side.
1) The teacher greeted me 2) with a smile 
3) and asked me to seat by her side.  4) no error.
Q. 10) I / was thrilled / from top to toe.
1) I 2) was thrilled
3) from top to toe 4) no error
School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 132
Q. 11) This is a story / of a mason / when worked for a building contractor.
1) This is a story
2) of a mason 
3) when worked for a building contractor.
4) no error

Q. 12) She did not know / that a terrible thing / was happening that night.
1) She did not know 2) that a terrible thing
3) was happening that night. 4) no error
Q. 13) The boat went / up and down over waves / as high as heels.
1) The boat went  2) up and down over waves
3) as high as heels 4) no error
Q. 14) She / risked her / one life.
1) She 2) risked her
3) one life. 4) no error
Q. 15) Mumbai is / the capital of  / Maharashtra ?
1) Mumbai is 2) the capital of 
3) Maharashtra ? 4) no error
Q. 16) My bicycle got punctured / on my way to school  / so I am late.
1) My bicycle got punctured 2) on my way to school  
3) so I am late. 4) no error
Q. 17) They are / noble, gentle and great /humane beings.
1) They are 2) noble, gentle and great  
3) humane beings 4) no error
Q. 18) He must know / why the cat / are refusing the milk .
1) He must know 2) why the cat
3) are refusing the milk 4) no error

Q. 19) P V Sindhu started / played badminton / from the age of eight .

1) P V Sindhu started 2) played badminton
3) from the age of eight 4) no error

Q. 20) In the same interview / a practical questions / was asked.

1) In the same interview 2) a practical questions
3) was asked 4) no error

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 133

Q. 21) Twinkle, twinkle / big star / how I wonder what you are?
1) Twinkle, twinkle 2) big star
3) how I wonder what you are? 4) no error
Q. 22) Everyone called / the Titanic / the finest sheep in the world.
1) Everyone called 2) the Titanic
3) the finest sheep in the world. 4) no error
Q. 23) A ship cold / 'The California' was only / twenty miles away.
1) A ship cold 2) 'The California' was only
3) was asked 4) no error
Q. 24) What are / the different festivals / celebrated in India.
1) What are 2) the different festivals
3) celebrated in India. 4) no error
Q. 25) Sindhu created a mystery / by reaching the final / in badminton championship.
1) Sindhu created a mystery 2) by reaching the final
3) in badminton championship. 4) no error

Sub Unit - 3.10 : Sentence Improvement

Let's understand :
Sentence improvement is such a practice where students have to find variety of errors. In
such questions a sentence is given with a word or phrase in italic, underlined or in bold letters.
Under this sentence a number of substitutes are given as alternatives. It is expected to locate the
error and find the correct answer. When the alternative has been substituted, the sentence becomes
grammatically correct. If no other alternative is required, the answer is 'no improvement.'
A student should be comprehensively equipped with the knowledge of common errors,
vocabulary, correct use of phrases and overall understanding of rules of grammar.

Model Questions

Q. 1) If you come in time, you would catch the train.

1) will be 2) will 3) would be 4) no improvement
Elaboration : The given sentence is conditional clause in which sequence of tense is rigidly
followed. The conditional clause is in Simple Present Tense and the following
clause must be in Simple Future Tense. So there should be 'will' instead of
'would.' Hence, option 2 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 134

Q. 2) Amrita had completed only half of the work when her mother returned home.
1) had returned 2) was returning 3) return 4) no improvement
Elaboration : The sequence of tense is correct in the above sentence and doesn't require any
improvement. Hence, option 4 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 3) The floor of the hall was covered by a carpet.

1) covered in 2) covered with 3) covered upon 4) no improvement
Elaboration : In the above sentence 'covered with' is the correct use of preposition. Hence,
option 2 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 4) He shook hand with me after receiving the prize.

1) shook my hand 2) shook my hands
3) shook hands with me 4) no improvement
Elaboration : The noun 'hand' should be in plural form. Hence, option 3 is the correct
answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 5) Dr. Murthy is having three cars.

1) has 2) have 3) got 4) having
Elaboration : 'is having' is the wrong usage. The verb 'has' shows possession and used after the
third person singular subject. Hence, option 1 is the correct answer.
1 2 3 4

Questions for practice

Q. 1) He did not lost his balance.

1) did not lose 2) did not losing 3) do not lost 4) no improvement
Q. 2) The Principal could appointed him as a peon.
1) could appointing 2) could have appoint
3) could appoint 4) no improvement
Q. 3) We should be bound by a code of conduct, isn't it?
1) is it 2) aren't we 3) should it 4) shouldn't we ?
Q. 4) The reason why he wrote the letter was because he could not contact him over
the phone.
1) why he wrote the letter was since
2) for which he wrote the letter because
3) why he wrote the letter was that
4) no improvement
School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 135
Q. 5) I hope you vividly remember the day when your team won the match.
1) you and your team 2) you and I
3) you win the match 4) none of these
Q. 6) It became clear that the strangers were heading into a serious disaster.
1) along 2) in 3) for 4) towards
Q. 7) Hardly had he finished his lunch than the phone rang.
1) when 2) while 3) then 4) before
Q. 8) A very horrifying serial was broadcasted ten days ago.
1) was broadcast 2) was broadcasting
3) has broadcast 4) no improvement
Q. 9) My cousin lives in student's hostel.
1) students 2) students' 3) student 4) no improvement
Q. 10) Sonia's mother is a M. A. in English.
1) the M. A. 2) M. A.
3) an M. A. 4) no improvement
Q. 11) Unless you burst fire crackers, you will contribute towards reducing pollution.
1) you will not contribute 2) you would contribute
3) you will contributed 4) no improvement
Q. 12) The farmers are waiting for the arrival of the monsoon since last two weeks.
1) wait 2) were waiting
3) have been waiting 4) are being wait
Q. 13) Socrates was one of the wisest man that ever lived.
1) one wise man 2) one of the wisest men
3) one of the wisest men 4) no improvement
Q. 14) Can I exchange my book for yours ?
1) my book with yours 2) my book with you
3) our book with your 4) my book of yours
Q. 15) There are sufficient funds to meet the requirements of the entire schools in our
zone.
1) schools 2) all the schools
3) all the schools 4) no improvement

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 136

Q. 16) He insisted on he was innocent.
1) insisted on that 2) insisted that
3) insists that 4) insisting that
Q. 17) No sooner I saw the tiger than I ran away.
1) No sooner did I see 2) No sooner I had seen
3) As soon as I saw 4) no improvement
Q. 18) Practically every part of the coconut tree is used by man.
1) each part 2) any part
3) many parts 4) no improvement
Q. 19) This beautiful shirt which I bought for my birthday costed `200 only.
1) was cost 2) was costed
3) costs 4) costing
Q. 20) Do you think any man has a right to break in his neighbour's house?
1) to break into 2) to break through
3) to break open 4) to break at
Q. 21) Avadhoot plays cricket and tennis also.
1) both 2) besides
3) too 4) as well as
Q. 22) She did not ask any question to him.
1) any question from him 2) him any question
3) to him any question 4) no improvement
Q. 23) By the end of this century, scientists surely have discovered a cure for cancer.
1) will have discovered 2) are discovering
3) discovered 4) no improvement
Q. 24) He gave witness at the sensational trial.
1) proof 2) evidence
3) advice 4) no improvement
Q. 25) They felt humiliated because they realised that they had cheated.
1) have been cheated 2) were to be cheated
3) has been cheated 4) no improvement.

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 137

 Sub Unit - 3.11 : Selecting the Correct Sentences

Let's understand :
Select the correct sentence is a concept which is based on your language skills and grammatical
knowledge. You should read the instructions with concentration and just find out the correct form.
It is based on change the voice, punctuation, question tag, gerund, interrogative, imperative forms
of sentences. Already you learnt all these varieties of language. So it only needs concentration to
find the correct option.

Model Questions

Q. 1) Choose the correct simple past tense sentence.

1) Sindhu head left for Dubai last week.
2) Sindhu had been left for Dubai last week.
3) Sindhu has left for Dubai last week.
4) Sindhu left for Dubai last week.
Elaboration : in the above options as Sindhu left for Dubai, the remaining sentences cover
oldest past actions as well as action completed just now. where as, in sentence
no 4 the verb 'left' is a simple past of 'leave' which is a completed action Hence,
option 4 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4
Q. 2) Choose the correct Structure.
1) Rama working hard to earn money.
2) Rama is a hard-working man.
3) Hard working man is Rama.
4) Man is hard working, Rama.
Elaboration : As per sentence construction subject,verb, object and other part of sentence, is
considered right sentence construction. Hence, option 2 is the correct answer.
1 2 3 4

Q. 3) Choose the correct passive voice construction.

1) The book was read by Nanda. 2) Nanda was read a book.
3) The book reads Nanda. 4) Read the book by Nanda.
Elaboration : In passive voice construction,the thing acted upon which is more important. The
object comes in the beginning followed by the same tense form. 'by' connector
is used to connect doer. Hence, option 1 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 138

Q. 4) Choose the correct Interrogative sentence Structure.
1) What is your name is? 2) Your name is what?
3) Is your name what? 4) What is your name?
Elaboration : As per wh question, wh word should be in the beginning, then supporting
verb, then subject and at the end question mark. Hence, option 4 is the correct
answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 5) Choose the correct Exclamatory sentence structure.

1) How beautiful the Ajanta caves are !
2) How are Ajanta caves beautiful !
3) Are beautiful Ajanta caves how !
4) Ajanta caves are how beautiful !
Elaboration : As per the rules the correct order of Exclamatory type construction should be
considered. Hence, option 1 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Questions for practice

Q. 1) Sham wasn't a very pleasant company.

(Choose the correct alternative of Affirmative sentence.)
1) Sham was a very unpleasant company.
2) Sham wasn't a very unpleasant company.
3) Sham was very pleasant company.
4) Sham was a very beautiful company.
Q. 2) He did not like the sound of DJ.
(Choose the correct alternative of Affirmative sentence.)
1) He liked the sound of DJ.
2) He liked not the sound of DJ.
3) He disliked the sound of DJ.
4) He liked the only sound of DJ.
Q. 3) He was near his home.
(Choose the correct alternative of negative sentence.)
1) He was far from his home.
2) He was not far from his home.
3) He was not long from his home.
4) He was not near from his home.
School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 139
Q. 4) Govind decided to continue his Education.
(Choose the correct alternative of negative sentence.)
1) Govind decided to discontinue his education.
2) Govind was undecided to discontinue his education.
3) Govind decided not to discontinue his education.
4) Govind decided to continue his education.
Q. 5) She could not understand how to complete her home work.
(Choose the correct alternative of affirmative sentence.)
1) She could understand how to complete her homework.
2) She was unable to understand how to complete her homework.
3) She was able to understand how to complete her homework.
4) She could unable to understand how to complete her homework.
Q. 6) Sonal is a very beautiful girl.
(Choose the correct alternative of exclamatory sentence.)
1) How girl Sonal is beautiful !
2) How beautiful girl Sonal is !
3) What a beautiful girl Sonal was !
4) What a beautiful girl Sonal is !
Q. 7) It is important to create goal.
(Choose the correct alternative of exclamatory sentence.)
1) What important is it to create goal !
2) How it is important to create goal !
3) How important it is to create goal !
4) How very important is it to create goal !
Q. 8) How beautiful bird the peacock is!
(Choose the correct alternative of assertive sentence.)
1) The peacock is very beautiful bird.
2) The peacock is how beautiful bird.
3) The peacock is truly beautiful bird.
4) Beautiful bird is very the peacock.

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 140

Q. 9) Her angry question still shakes me.
(Choose an option to transform the sentences into passive voice)
1) I was shaken her angry question.
2) I have been still shaken by her angry question.
3) I am still shaken by her angry question.
4) Me was still shaken by her angry question.
Q. 10) We must keep our promises.
(Choose an option to transform the sentences into passive voice)
1) Our promises must be kept by us.
2) Our promises would be keep by us.
3) Our promises will be kept by us.
4) Our promises must kept by we.
Q. 11) Meena was surprised by my question.
(Choose an option to transform the sentences into passive voice)
1) My question was surprised Meena.
2) My question surprised Meena.
3) My question surprised by Meena.
4) My question surprise Meena.
Q. 12) I saw a tree bare of all leaves.
(Choose an option to transform the sentences into passive voice)
1) A tree bare of all leaves is seen by me.
2) A tree bare of all leaves were seen by me.
3) A tree bare of all leaves was seen by me.
4) A tree bare of all leaves was saw by me.
Q. 13) They sacrificed all the luxuries.
(Choose an option to transform the sentences into passive voice)
1) All the luxuries are sacrificed by them.
2) All the luxuries was sacrificed by them.
3) All the luxuries were sacrificed by them.
4) All the luxuries were sacrifice by they.

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 141

Q. 14) As soon as I get my money. I'm off.
(Choose an option to transform the sentences into 'No sooner…than,' construction.)
1) No sooner did I get my money, than I'm off.
2) No sooner do I get my money than I'm off.
3) No sooner did I got my money than I'm off.
4) No sooner will I get my money. I'm off.
Q. 15) "Geeta, It's a clear picture", I said.
(Choose the correct option as indirect speech)
1) Geeta said me it is a clear picture.
2) I told Geeta that it was a clear picture.
3) I said Geeta the picture is very clear.
4) Geeta told me that It was a clear picture.
Q. 16) Seema asked her sister, "What are you doing?"
(Choose the correct option as indirect speech)
1) Seema asked her sister what she was doing.
2) Seema asked her sister what is she doing?
3) Her sister asked Seema what was she doing.
4) Seema said her sister what was she doing.
Q. 17) They were listening and writing.
(Choose correct option as using 'not only....but also')
1) They were listening not only but also writing.
2) Not only they were listening but writing also.
3) They were not only listening but also writing.
4) Not only they were listening but also writing.
Q. 18) I'am off.
(Choose the correct question tag)
1) amn't I? 2) aren't I ?
3) isn't I? 4) am I ?
Q. 19) Choose the correct present continuous sentence.
1) I am going to school. 2) I has been going to school.
3) I have been going to school. 4) I going to school.

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 142

Q. 20) (Choose the correct imperative sentence.)
1) Open the door.
2) The door is open.
3) Have open the door.
4) You can open the door.
Q. 21) I was late because I missed my bus.
(Choose correct main clause)
1) I missed a bus.
2) Because I missed my bus.
3) I was late.
4) I was late because
Q. 22) (Choose the correct punctuation)
1) "Where did you go? Asked the writer"?
2) "Where did you go?", asked the writer.
3) Where did you go! Asked the writer?
4) 'Where did you go." Asked the Writer.
Q. 23) (Choose the sentence where gerund is used correctly)
1) Is gardening an art?
2) She is gardening.
3) They were gardening.
4) Gardening is an art.
Q. 24) (Choose the correct sentence of comparative degree)
1) She is the tallest girl in the class.
2) Nobody in the class is as tall as she is.
3) She is taller than any other girl in the class.
4) She is not as much taller as the other girls are.
Q. 25) I did not pay any heed.
(Choose the correct form of affirmative sentence.)
1) I paid attention.
2) No attention, no tension.
3) I ignored it.
4) I don't attention.


School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 143

 Unit : 4 Grammar
Sub Unit - 4.1 : Articles

Let's understand :
Articles are words that identify a noun as being specific or unspecific. Article has vital importance
in English language. There are three articles in English.
1) A 2) An 3) The
Definition of Articles : Articles in English are used before the noun to limit or define the uses of
the noun in a sentences. It imparts on effectiveness and accuracy to the nouns. In fact, articles are
used as demonstrative adjectives and determiners before nouns. Articles also help indicate whether
a noun is definite (referring to a specific or known item) or indefinite (referring to a non-specific
or generic item).
Two types of articles :
1) Indefinite Articles : a, an   2) Definite Article : the
1) Indefinite Article : The indefinite article, as the name suggests, is something which is not
definite or specific. 'A or An' is the indefinite articles. They are called indefinite articles
because they usually leave indefinite the person or thing is spoken of, such as A doctor
(which means any doctor).
The indefinite article is used before singular countable nouns, eg. A book, An orange, and
A girl, A university, A union, An aeroplane, A unit.
2) Definite Article : Definite article is article that denote something which is definite or specific.
"The" is the definite article, it is called definite article as it normally points out some
particular person or thing, eg., He saw the doctor (that means he saw particular doctor.)
The definite article is used before singular countable nouns, plural countable nouns, and
uncountable nouns, eg., The book, the books, the milk.

Model Questions

Q. 1) This is .................. boy.

1) a
2) an 3) the 4) no article
Elaboration : 'Boy' is a common noun begins with Consonant sound. Hence, option 1 is the
correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 2) That is .................... elephant.

1) a 2) an 3) the 4) no article
Elaboration : 'Elephant' is an indefinite noun begins with vowel sound. Hence, option 2 is
the correct answer) 1 2 3 4

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 144

Q. 3) The sun rises in ................. East.
1) a 2) an 3) the 4) no article
Elaboration : 'Sun' is a definite noun. Hence, option 3 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 4) I saw ................ old house.

1) a
2) an 3) the 4) no article
Elaboration : 'Old house' is a indefinite noun begins with vowel sound. Hence, option 2 is
the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 5) .............. Jaipur is a big city.

1) a 2) an 3) the 4) no article
Elaboration : 'Jaipur' is a proper noun hence, option 4 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Questions for practice

Q. 1) ................. dog is a useful animal.

1) the
2) a 3) an 4) no article

Q. 2) Abhay buys ................. umbrella.

1) an 2) the 3) a 4) no article

Q. 3) She is ............ honest woman.

1) the
2) a 3) an 4) no article
Q. 4) He is not ............. honourable man.

1) a 2) the 3) an 4) no article
Q. 5) My teacher is ................... inspiration for me.
1) a
2) the 3) an 4) no article
Q. 6) .............. sun rises in the east.

1) the 2) a 3) a 4) no article
Q. 7) It is ............ stone.

1) the 2) a 3) an 4) no article
Q. 8) He wasn't .................. fool.

1) an 2) a 3) the 4) no article
Q. 9) My student is .............. expert in English.
1) the
2) a 3) an 4) no article
Q. 10) My mother is baking ................. cake.
1) a
2) an 3) the 4) no article
School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 145
Q. 11) In almost every village, there is ............... inner temple.
1) a
2) an 3) the 4) no article
Q. 12) My friend is ................... captain of cricket team.

1) the 2) an 3) a 4) no article
Q. 13) He went to ................ east.

1) a 2) an 3) the 4) no article
Q. 14) ) I saw .................... elephant in the zoo.

1) the 2) an 3) a 4) no article
Q. 15) Ajay likes a cat. ............ cat is very cute.
1) A
2) An 3) The 4) No article
Q. 16) He is ............... player.
1) the
2) an 3) a 4) no article
Q. 17) .................... man is walking.
1) A 2) An 3) The 4) No article
Q. 18) Do you want to eat ................. apple?

1) a 2) an 3) the 4) no article
Q. 19) .................. President is visiting today.

1) A 2) An 3) The 4) No article
Q. 20) This is .............. very nice song.
1) a 2) an 3) the 4) no article

Sub Unit - 4.2 : Kinds of Sentences

Let's understand :
There are four kinds of sentences.
1) Assertive Sentence : Assertive Sentence is a kind of statement. This is also called a de-
clarative sentence as something is declared in the sentence. Assertive sentence starts with
the subject and ends with full stop.
Examples : 1. He plays football. 2. King Shivaji was a great warrior.
2) Interrogative Sentence : Interrogative Sentence are the questions. Interrogative sentence
starts with either helping verb or 'wh' words and ends with a question mark.
Examples : Does he play football? Who was a great king in India?
3) Exclamatory Sentence : Exclamatory Sentence is a sentence that expresses strong feelings
( such as surprise, pleasure, anger) and ends with an exclamation mark.

Examples : Hurray ! We won the match. What a beautiful flower it is !

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 146

 4) Imperative Sentence : Imperative Sentence a sentence that expresses a commands, a
requests, an advice a request, etc. Basically this type of sentence starts without subject
(you is understood here)
Examples : Keep quiet. Please, give me your pen.

Model Questions

Q. 1) Sachin Tendulkar is a great batsman.

1) Assertive 2) Exclamatory 3) Interrogative 4) Imperative
Elaboration : This sentence is a statement and ends with full stop. Hence, option 1 is the
correct answer. 1 2 3 4
Q. 2) What a beautiful flower it is !

1) Assertive 2) Exclamatory 3) Interrogative 4) Imperative
Elaboration : In this sentence, the strong feeling is expressed and there is an exclamation
mark in the end. Hence, option 2 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4
Q. 3) Open the gate.

1) Assertive 2) Exclamatory 3) Interrogative 4) Imperative
Elaboration : There is a command in this sentence so it is an imperative sentence. Hence,
option 4 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4
Q. 4) Choose one correct alternative to form an assertive sentence.
Saw / a blue pen / he / near the playground.

1) Near the playground saw he a blue pen ?
2) A blue pen saw he near the playground.
3) He saw a blue pen near the playground.
4) He saw a pen blue near the playground.
Elaboration : Here, the sentence is a statement and in the above options the proper construction
is option 3. Hence, option 3 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4
Q. 5) Choose one correct alternative to form an assertive sentence.

States/are/there/how many?

1) There are how many states? 2) How many there are states?
3) How many states are there? 4) How many are there states?
Elaboration : Here, the sentence is a question and option 3 has a proper construction of an
interrogative sentence. Hence, option 3 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 147

 Questions for practice

Q. 1) He has played cricket very well.

1) Assertive
2) Exclamatory
3) Interrogative 4) Imperative
Q. 2) What a beautiful shot it is!
1) Assertive
2) Exclamatory
3) Interrogative 4) Imperative
Q. 3) What is the population in India?
1) Assertive 2) Exclamatory
3) Interrogative 4) Imperative
Q. 4) Please, read the passage loudly.
1) Assertive 2) Exclamatory
3) Interrogative 4) Imperative
Q. 5) How sweet is the flower!
1) Exclamatory 2) Assertive
3) Interrogative 4) Imperative
Q. 6) Sant Haridas was the greatest musician.
1) Imperative 2) Exclamatory
3) Interrogative 4) Assertive
Q. 7) I know a very curious boy.
1) Assertive 2) Exclamatory
3) Interrogative 4) Imperative
Q. 8) Tell me what your troubles are.
1) Assertive 2) Exclamatory
3) Interrogative 4) Imperative
Q. 9) Oh, what a terrific incident it is!
1) Assertive 2) Exclamatory
3) Interrogative 4) Imperative
Q. 10) Stand up.
1) Assertive 2) Exclamatory
3) Interrogative 4) Imperative

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 148

Q. 11) Read the passage carefully.

1) Assertive 2) Exclamatory
3) Interrogative 4) Imperative
Q. 12) Please, call me if you have any problem.

1) Assertive 2) Exclamatory
3) Interrogative 4) Imperative
Q. 13) We should obey our parents.

1) Assertive 2) Exclamatory
3) Interrogative 4) Imperative
Q. 14) Madhav can sing a song melodiously.

1) Assertive 2) Exclamatory
3) Interrogative 4) Imperative
Q. 15) Go and stand near your seat.

1) Assertive 2) Exclamatory
3) Interrogative 4) Imperative
Q. 16) They are travelling in Europe.

1) Interrogative 2) Exclamatory
3) Assertive 4) Imperative
Q. 17) Open an account in the bank.

1) Assertive 2) Exclamatory
3) Interrogative 4) Imperative
Q. 18) Choose one correct alternative to form an exclamatory sentence.

is / it / what / a great / flower / !

1) It is a great flower ! 2) What a great flower it is !
3) What is it a great flower ! 4) What it is a great flower !
Q. 19) Choose one correct alternative to form an interrogative sentence.

Come / I / may / in / Sir / ?

1) I may come in sir ? 2) May I come in Sir ?
3) Sir, I may come in ? 4) May Sir, I come in ?
Q. 20) Choose one correct alternative to form an imperative sentence.

Please / window / open / the

1) Please, open the window. 2) Open window please, the.
3) The window open, please. 4) The please open window.

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 149

 Sub Unit - 4.3 : Active Voice and Passive Voice

Let's understand :
Identify the voice :
1) I sing a song. (Active Voice)
2) A song is sung by me. (Passive Voice)
Here, in sentence 1) a song is an object and I is a subject, a verb that the person or thing denoted
by the subject does something and doer is important and active, it acts so it is called Active Voice.
And in sentence 2) a verb that something is done to the person or the thing denoted by the subject
and the person or thing denoted by the subject is not active but passive so it is called Passive Voice.
There are two types of voices. Active Voice and Passive Voice.
Change the Voice :
Only Transitive Verbs can be used in the passive voice because an Intransitive verb has no object.
There are examples of changing Active Voice into Passive Voice.
Active Voice Passive Voice
We learn English. English is learnt by us.
Structure : Sub + v1+ object Structure : Sub + is/are/am + v3 + by + object
Virat Kohali scored 65 runs. 65 runs were scored by Virat Kohali.
Structure : Sub + v2 + object Structure : Sub + was/were + v3 + by + object
Aakash has spoken Hindi Language. Hindi Language has been spoken by Aakash.
Structure : Sub + have/has + v3 + object Structure : Sub + have/has + been + v3 + by
+ object
Boys are playing football. Football is being played by boys.
Structure : Sub + am/is/are + v-ing + object Structure : Sub + is/are/am + being + v3 +
by + object
She will finish the work. The work will be finished by her.
Structure : Sub + will + v1 + object Structure : Sub + will be + v3 + by + object
I was playing chess. Chess was being played by me.
Structure : Sub + was/were + ving + object Structure : Sub + was/were + being + v3 +
by + object
She had prepared a cup of tea. A cup of tea had been prepared by her.
Structure : Sub+ had+v3+ object Structure : Sub + had + been + v3 + by +
object
Virat Kohali will have scored century. Century will have been scored by Virat Kohali.
Structure : Sub +will have +v3 + object Structure : Sub + will have been + v3 + by
+ object

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 150

 Active Voice Passive Voice
He gives her a ticket. She is given a ticket by him.
Ticket is given her by him.
Do you read a book? Is a book read by you?
Give me a glass of water. Let me be given a glass of water.

Model Questions

Q. 1) I play football.
1) I played football. 2) Football play by me.
3) I am played football. 4) Football is played by me.
Elaboration : In this sentence football is an object and I is a subject when we change the
sentence into passive voice the object is important and it becomes the subject
of the passive voice. The sentence structure looks like.... Subject + to be + V3
+ by + object. We see the same structure in option number 4. Hence, option 4
is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 2) He caught the mouse.

1) He was caught the mouse. 2) The mouse was caught by him.
3) The mouse caught by him. 4) He had caught the mouse.
Elaboration : In this sentence the mouse is an object and he is a subject when we change the
sentence into passive voice the object is important and it becomes the subject
of the passive voice. The sentence structure looks like ..... Subject + to be +
V3 + by + object. We see the same structure in option 2. Hence, option 2 is
the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 3) The slaves were forced to work by their masters.

1) Their masters forced the slaves to work.
2) The slaves forced to work by their masters.
3) Their masters were forced to work the slaves.
4) The slaves had been forced by their masters.
Elaboration : In this sentence we see doer is not important and it is an object whereas the
focus has given to the subject the slaves and the verb pattern is passive so we
change the sentence into active voice. The sentence structure is .... Subject + V2+
object in active Voice. Hence, option 1 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 151

Q. 4) The teacher had asked the causes of the Battle.
1) The teacher asked the causes of the Battle.
2) The causes of the Battle had been asked by the teacher.
3) The causes of the Battle was asked by the teacher.
4) The teacher had been asked the causes of the Battle.
Elaboration : In this sentence the causes of the battle is an object and the teacher is a subject
when we change the sentence into passive voice the object is important and it
becomes the subject of the passive voice. The sentence structure looks like ….
Subject + to be + V3 + by + object. We see the same structure in option 2.
Hence, option 2 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 5) P. V. Sindhu won a bronze medal.

1) P. V. Sindhu was won a bronze medal.
2) A bronze medal was won by P. V. Sindhu
3) A bronze medal won by P. V. Sindhu.
4) P. V. Sindhu had won bronze medal.
Elaboration : In this sentence a bronze medal is an object and P. V. Sindhu is a subject when
we change the sentence into passive voice the object is important and it becomes
the subject of the passive voice. The sentence structure looks like. Subject + to
be + V3 + by + object. We see the same structure in option 2.
Hence, option 2 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Questions for practice

Q. 1) They cooked a tasty meal.

1) A tasty meal has been cooked by them.
2) They are cooked a tasty meal.
3) A Tasty meal was cooked by them.
4) They cook at tasty meal.
Q. 2) Molai keeps cattle.
1) Cattle are kept by Molai. 2) Molai is kept cattle.
3) Cattle keeps by Molai. 4) Cattle is kept by Molai.
Q. 3) Mohan watches TV.
1) T.V. is watched by Mohan. 2) Mohan is watched T.V.
3) T.V. watches by Mohan. 4) Mohan has watched TV.

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 152

Q. 4) He is building a house.
1) He builds a house. 2) A house is building by him.
3) A house is being built by him. 4) He is being built a house.
Q. 5) They were digging a canal.
1) A canal was being dug by them. 2) A canal were digging by them.
3) They were being dug a canal. 4) They dug a canal.
Q. 6) I have prepared a cup of tea.
1) A cup of tea has been prepared by me.
2) I have been prepared a cup of tea.
3) A cup of tea has prepared by me.
4) I have prepared a cup of tea by me.
Q. 7) C. V. Raman had delivered a lecture.
1) C. V. Raman had been delivered a lecture.
2) C. V. Raman delivered a lecture.
3) A lecture had been delivered by C. V. Raman.
4) A lecture had delivered by C. V. Raman.
Q. 8) Somadatta offered them the food.
1) Somadatta was offered them the food.
2) The food was offered to them by Somadatta.
3) Somadatta offers the food by them.
4) They offered the food by Somadatta.
Q. 9) You will not tell a lie in future.
1) A lie in future will not be told by you.
2) You will not be tell a lie in future.
3) A lie in future will not tell by you.
4) A lie will not tell in future by you.
Q. 10) She will watch TV.
1) TV will watch by her. 2) TV will be watched by her.
3) She will be watched TV. 4) She will watch TV.
Q. 11) The hunter killed the bird.
1) The bird was killed by the hunter.
2) The bird killed by the hunter.
3) The bird were killed by the hunter.
4) The hunter kills the bird.

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 153

Q. 12) They are watching a movie.
1) They are being watched a movie. 2) A movie is being watched by them.
3) A movie is watching by them. 4) They watch a movie.
Q. 13) Emperor Tansen raised a question.
1) A question was raised by Emperor Tansen.
2) Emperor Tansen is raised a question.
3) A question raised by the Emperor.
4) The Emperor is being raised a question.
Q. 14) Jyoti has written an autobiography.
1) Jyoti writes an autobiography.
2) An autobiography has written by Jyoti.
3) An autobiography has been written by Jyoti.
4) Jyoti has write an autobiography.
Q. 15) Open the door.
1) You opened the door. 2) Let the door be opened.
3) The door is opened. 4) Open is the door.

Q. 16) Give me your pen.

1) Let your pen be given to me. 2) Is given your pen.
3) You give me your pen. 4) Be given me your pen.

Q. 17) The door is opened by the peon.

1) The door opens by the peon.
2) The peon opens the door.
3) The door has been opened by the peon.
4) The peon is opened the door.

Q. 18) A book is written by him.

1) A book writes by him. 2) He writes a book.
3) He is written a book. 4) He is being written a book.

Q. 19) The notice has been displayed on board by the Principal.

1) The principal has displayed the notice on board.
2) The notice displayed on board by principal.
3) The notice is displayed on the board by principal.
4) The principal is displayed the notice on the board.

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 154

Q. 20) I did not understand the phrase.
1) The phrase was not understood by me.
2) The phrase did not understand by me.
3) I was not understood the phrase.
4) The phrase had been understood by me.
Q. 21) The mail has just been sent.
1) The mail has sent by someone.
2) Someone has just sent the mail.
3) The mail was just sent by someone.
4) Someone is just sent the mail.
Q. 22) The mason handed over the documents.
1) The mason was handed over the documents.
2) The documents were handed over by the mason.
3) The documents handed over by the mason.
4) The mason has handed over the documents.
Q. 23) The ship was found by the captain.
1) The captain found the ship.
2) The ship found by the captain.
3) The ship had been found by the captain.
4) The captain was found the ship.
Q. 24) His bag has been stolen.
1) Someone has stolen his bag.
2) Someone is stolen his bag.
3) His bag has stolen by someone.
4) His bag is stolen by someone.

Q. 25) Do you read this book?

1) Was this book read by you?
2) Does this book read by you?
3) Is this book read by you?
4) Are you read this book?

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 155

 Sub Unit - 4.4 : Modal Auxiliaries

Let's understand :
Modal Auxiliaries
Modal Auxiliary verbs are used along with a main verb to express possibility, ability,
permission or necessity. For example in the statement 'you must leave' must is a modal verb
indicating that its necessary for the subject (you) to perform the action of the verb.
How are modal verb used in the sentences ?
Modal verbs are used along with main verb to indicate ability, necessity, possibility and
permission. In sentences containing modal verbs the main verb typically take the infinitive forms.
Modal verbs come before main verbs and never change forms.
Following are modals :
can, could, may, might, must, shall, will, would, should ,would, ought to, used to, dare to
Table of modals :
Modals Function Examples
can Ability, request Radha can cook.
could Past ability, suggestion, future possibility Ram could beat his enemy.
may Permission for future possibility May I take it, Sir?
might Present or future possibility Might I use your book?
must Necessity for obligation and compulsion We must speak in Marathi.
shall Offer or suggestion shall we go for a movie ?
will Willingness, certain prediction or promise He will attend the class.
should Request, obligation We should obey traffic rules.
ought to What's right and correct She ought to work hard.
dare to Encouraging/daring He dare not speak with his teacher.
used to Past habits I used to catch fish when I was in
school.

Model Questions

Q. 1) You ............... be careful while crossing the road.

1) can 2) could 3) must 4) will
Elaboration : Whenever we cross the road we should be always alert. Hence, option 3 is the
correct answer. 1 2 3 4

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 156

Q. 2) He ............ have finished his homework by now.

1) can 2) could 3) may 4) shall
Elaboration : Here it expresses the ability (in the past) in the sentence. Hence, option 2 is
the correct. 1 2 3 4
Q. 3) I ........... like to learn how to play the guitar.

1) can 2) could 3) may 4) would
Elaboration : Future possibility is indicated in this sentence. Hence, option 4 is the correct
answer. 1 2 3 4
Q. 4) They ................ often visit their grandparents on weekends.

1) can 2) could 3) might 4) would
Elaboration : Express the certain prediction or promise. Hence, option 4 is the correct
answer. 1 2 3 4

Questions for practice

Q. 1) ............ I go to the restroom, please?

1) May
2) Might 3) Will 4) Would

Q. 2) You ............... have received the invitation in the mail by now.

1) can
2) could 3) must 4) will

Q. 3) You .............. worry about the child. He will recover soon.

1) cann't 2) needn't 3) may 4) wouldn't

Q. 4) He ............. swim when he was young.

1) can
2) used to 3) might 4) shall

Q. 5) You ................... call me if you need any help.

1) can 2) could 3) may 4) will

Q. 6) He .............. to obey his father.

1) shall 2) could 3) can 4) ought

Q. 7) We ............ leave early if we want to catch the train.

1) can 2) could 3) must 4) will

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 157

Q. 8) How ..................... you touch me?
1) can 2) dare 3) must 4) will
Q. 9) ................... I borrow your pen for a moment?
1) Can 2) Could 3) May 4) Could
Q. 10) Do I ....................... come here again?
1) have to 2) ought to 3) had to 4) need to
Q. 11) You .............. be more careful when handling fragile items.
1) must 2) could 3) can 4) should
Q. 12) He .............. have arrived at the airport by now.
1) can 2) must 3) may 4) will
Q. 13) I .............. love to visit Japan someday.
1) could 2) can 3) may 4) would
Q. 14) They ............... go for a walk after dinner.
1) should 2) could 3) might 4) shall
Q. 15) .............. I have a piece of cake, please?
1) Can 2) Could 3) May 4) Will
Q. 16) You ............... have scored better, if you had studied more.
1) can 2) could 3) must 4) will
Q. 17) We .......... miss the beginning of the movie if we don't leave soon.
1) can 2) could 3) must 4) will
Q. 18) Gandhiji .................. visit and nurse the patients every day.
1) used to 2) could 3) has to 4) will
Q. 19) .................. I begin the demonstration ?
1) Can 2) Could 3) Must 4) Needn't
Q. 20) She ................ have helped you at the time of the incident. She was out of town.
1) can't 2) couldn't 3) shouldn't 4) needn't

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 158

 Sub Unit - 4.5 : Conjunctions

Let's understand :
Conjunctions
A conjunction is a part of speech that is used to connect words, phrases, clauses, or
sentences with the help of words like and, or, so, when, if, but, etc. Conjunctions are used to
avoid repeating words, subjects, etc. and to make a coherent meaning.
Example : 1) Satish and Narendra are talking together.
   2) We can go to either America or Japan for a holiday.
3) Mahesh is neither good in studies nor in drawing.
Basic types of conjunctions
One word Correlative Conjunctions Compound Conjunctions
conjunctions
These types of A correlative conjunction uses a set of Compound conjunctions are the
conjunctions are words a parallel sentence structure to conjunctions in which phrases are
made up of just show, to compare the equal parts of used.
one word. a sentence. The words of correlative Eg. as well as, as soon as, such
Eg. and, or, for, conjunctions have special connection that, as long as, such that, in order
but, because, so, between them. Correlative conjunctions that, provided that, even if, as if, as
till, yet, since, are always used in pairs. They are long as
when, where, similar to coordinating conjunctions
unless, as. because they join sentence elements
that are similar in importance.
Eg. List of common correlative
conjunctions : either... or, neither...
nor, not only... but also, both... and,
whether... or, so... as.
Classes of Conjunctions
Coordinating conjunction (Coordinators) Subordinating conjunction (Subordinators)
The main function of coordinating conjunctions Subordinating conjunctions such as 'because',
is to join words, phrases, and clauses together, 'since' and 'after' link a dependent clause
which are usually grammatically equal. Aside to an independent clause, helping to show
from that, this type of conjunction is placed in the relationship between the two clauses and
between the words or group of words that it links emphasize the main idea of the freestanding/
together, and not at the beginning or at the end. independent clause.
Example : for, yet, and, neither...nor. Example : Because, how, whether, wherever,
when, until, unless, when, although, though, as,
since.

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 159

 Model Questions

Q. 1) Choose proper conjunction for complete sentence given below.

Cow is an animal. Horse is an animal.
1) So....that 2) Either....or
3) No sooner....than 4) Both....and
Elaboration : In this given sentence 'both....and' is a Correlative Conjunction. In this sentence
two subject 'Cow and Horse' are used. which join the sentence the structure of
'both....and'. Hence, option 4 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 2) Choose incorrect correlative conjunctions from the list given below.

a) either...or b) hardly....when
c) not only...but also d) so....than
1) only d 2) a and c 3) c and d 4) none of above
Elaboration : In the above list 'either....or, hardly....when, not only.... but also' are conjunctions,
'So....than' is not conjunction. Hence, option 1 is the correct answer.
1 2 3 4

Q. 3) Fill in the blanks with appropriate conjunction.

Hardly had we finished our work .....We set out for a walk.

1) then 2) when 3) than 4) since
Elaboration : Here, 'hardly.....when' is a subordinating conjunction applicable to use. There
fore 'Hardly' is used in the start of the sentence as a conjunction, after 'Hardly'
the conjunction 'when' is used to complete the sentence.
Hence, option 2 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 4) As soon as he reached the station, the train whistled off.

Rewrite the sentence using 'no sooner.....than'.

1) No sooner than he reached the station, the train whistled off.
2) No sooner did he reach the station than the train whistled off.
3) No sooner the train whistled off, than he reached the station.
4) As soon as he reached the station, no sooner than the train whistled off.
Elaboration : In the above sentence 'No sooner.....than' is correlative conjunction. These types
of conjunctions work in pair and relate one sentence to another. Here when we
use 'No sooner' then, 'than' is a correlative conjunction is used.
Hence, option 2 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 160

Q. 5) Choose the correct conjunction.

He bought a two wheeler bike, ..... he was too young to learn to drive.

1) if 2) because 3) although 4) if not
Elaboration : Here, two statement showing contraction. There for the conjunction although is
appropriate to use in the blanks. Hence, option 3 is the correct answer.
1 2 3 4

Questions for practice

Q. 1) It had rained before we reached home. Complete the following sentence with the
correct alternative.

The word 'before' used in this sentence is ................................
1) Preposition
2) Conjunction 3) Adverb 4) Adjective
Q. 2) Choose the correct option for the proper use of conjunction in the given sentences.

a) He both won a lottery and scholarship.
b) He won both a lottery and a scholarship.
c) He had no other habit but that of collecting stamps
d) He had no other habit than that of collecting stamps.
1) Only a and c are correct
2) Only a and d are correct
3) Only b and d are correct
4) Only a, b and c are correct
Q. 3) Point out the sentence in which a conjunction is wrongly used.
1) Even although the people were poor, they seemed happy.

2) In spite of their poverty, the people seemed happy.
3) Despite their poverty, the people seemed happy.
4) Although the people were poor, they seemed happy.
Q. 4) Select the incorrect sentence.

a) If you met him, he might guide you.
b) If you have studied hard, you would have got good marks.
c) If she works regularly, she could achieve her goal.
d) If you study, you will not pass.
1) Only (a)
2) Only (b) 3) Only (b) and (c)    4) none

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 161

Q. 5) Rewrite the sentence using 'No sooner.....than'.
As soon as he hears the news, he will write to me.
1) No sooner does he hear the news than he will write to me.
2) No sooner he hears the news than he will write to me.
3) No sooner does he hear the news then he will write to me.
4) No sooner does he hears the news than he will write to me.
Q. 6) Pick out the correct construction.
1) A batsman ducks his head lest he will be hit by the rising ball.
2) A batsman ducks his head lest he should not be hit by the rising ball.
3) A batsman ducks his head lest he should be hit by the rising ball.
4) A batsman ducks his head lest he will be hit by the rising ball.
Q. 7) Choose the correct sentence from the following.
1) No sooner I saw the red light, stopped.
2) No sooner did I see the red light, did I stop.
3) No sooner did I see the red light than I stopped.
4) No sooner did I see the red light when I stopped.
Q. 8) Choose the right alternative.
Ram cannot walk very fast ................. he is very tall.
1) though 2) but 3) since 4) so that
Q. 9) Which one of the following sentence is correct?
1) You will not pass unless you work hard.
2) Unless you will not work hard you will fail.
3) Unless you will work hard, you will not pass.
4) If you worked hard, you will fail.
Q. 10) Pick out the correct sentence.
1) No sooner has he landed in Mumbai when he was asked to proceed to Pune.
2) No sooner had he landed in Mumbai than he was asked to proceed to Pune.
3) No sooner he has landed in Mumbai than he was asked to proceed to Pune.
4) No sooner he had landed in Mumbai then he was asked to proceed to Pune.
Q. 11) Pick out the correct sentence :
1) No sooner did I was on the road than I began to run.
2) No sooner than I was on the road, I began to run.
3) No sooner was I on the road than I began to run.
4) No sooner had I on the road than I began to run.
School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 162
Q. 12) Pick out the grammatically correct sentence :
1) Hardly had the bus arrived than I reached the bus stop.
2) Hardly had the bus arrived then I reached the bus stop.
3) Hardly had the bus arrived when I reached the bus stop.
4) Hardly had the bus arrived while I reached the bus stop.
Q. 13) Choose the correct sentence.
1) Hardly we entered the house, when the phone started ringing.
2) Hardly had we entered the house when the phone started ringing.
3) Hardly had we entered the house, than the phone started ringing.
4) Hardly when we entered the house the phone started ringing.
Q. 14) Choose the correct sentence.
1) Neither praise nor blame seem to affect him.
2) Neither praise not blame seem to affect him.
3) Neither praise not blame seems to affect him.
4) Neither praise nor blame seems to affect him.
Q. 15) Join these sentences meaningfully by choosing the correct alternative from the
following.

You can buy the car. You can rent it.
1) or 2) either 3) nor 4) neither
Q. 16) Choose the correct alternative for the following.

She was strong and emotional. ( Use 'not only - but also' )
1) She was not only strong, emotional but also.
2) She not only was strong but also emotional.
3) Not only she was strong but also emotional.
4) She was not only strong but also emotional.
Q. 17) Select the correct alternative for the given sentence.

As soon as the king finished speaking, the people began to cheer him.
1) Hardly when the king finished speaking, the people began to cheer him.
2) Hardly had the king finished speaking when the people began to cheer him.
3) Hardly had the king finished speaking when the people begin to cheer him.
4) Hardly had the king finish speaking when the people began to cheer him.

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 163

Q. 18) Fill in the blank with the correct option from the options given below.

No sooner .............. than the police handcuffed him.

1) he came 2) did he came 3) did he come 4) had he come
Q. 19) Fill in the blank choosing the correct option from below :

I spoke to the Chairman ..................... he was sitting alone in the chair.

1) where 2) whereas 3) when 4) whenever
Q. 20) Complete the following sentence by choosing the correct conjunction.

Seema ran very fast ............. failed to reach on time.

1) and 2) although 3) but 4) because
Q. 21) Choose the alternative using 'no sooner than'.

As soon as he entered, he removed his blazer.

1) No sooner did he enter than he removed his blazer.
2) No sooner he entered, he removed his blazer.
3) No sooner he enters, he removes his blazer.
4) None of the above
Q. 22) Choose the right connector.

Gauri likes dancing ................. her sister likes reading.

1) but 2) whereas 3) because 4) hence

Sub Unit - 4.6 : Clauses

Let's understand :
Sentences, Clauses and Phrases :
Look at the following sentence :
Francis goes to church every day.
This sentence has two parts to it :
1) A subject : Francis 2) A predicate : goes to church.
Now look at this sentence :
She laughs at shy people.
This sentence has two parts :
1) A subject : She 2) A predicate : laughs at shy people
In the predicate, 'shy people' is a phrase. It has no verb.
A phrase is a combination of words that don't combine a subject and a verb.
Now look at this sentence :
As you know, I work very hard.

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 164

This sentence has two parts:
Part 1 : As you know. Part 2 : I work very hard.
Now observe part 1 closely.
It has - 1) A subject : As you 2) A predicate : know
This part of the sentence which has a subject and predicate, but is still incomplete is called a clause.
So, a clause basically has the following parts :
1) A subject, which is a noun or a pronoun.
2) A verb, which is finite. (a finite verb changes according to the number/person of the subject.)
A clause is thus a group of words that contains a subject and predicate. It can be an entire
sentence or part of a sentence in a compound or complex sentence.
1) I graduated last year. 2) When I came here, I saw him
Subject : I Clause 1 : When I came here
Predicate : Graduated last year Subject : When I
Finite verb : Graduated Predicate : came here
Finite verb : Came
Clause 2 : I saw him
Subject : I
Predicate : saw him.
Finite verb : saw
There are two types of clauses :
1) Independent / Main / Principal Clause
2) Dependent / subordinate Clause
An independent clause, on the other hand, is free to stand by itself. It contains a subject and
a verb, and expresses a complete thought which does not require anything else. Here are some
examples of independent clauses:
 I enjoy sitting by the fireplace.  The sun set.  This is the book I want to read next.
A dependent clause has both a subject and a verb, but is not a complete sentence and does not
express a complete thought. It is dependent on something else : it cannot stand on its own. Some
examples of dependent clauses include :
 When we get enough snow.  Because I was upset.  Which book I want to read next.
Look at these examples to see how similar and different dependent and independent clauses are :
Independent Dependent
Next Tuesday will be my first day at my new If the interview goes well, next Tuesday will
job. be my first day at my new job.
You have to finish your vegetables, and then You have to finish your vegetables before you
you can eat dessert. can eat dessert.
My car broke down less than a mile from my My car, which didn't pass inspection, broke
home. It didn’t pass inspection. down less than a mile from my home.

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 165

Types of dependent clauses :
There are three types of dependent clauses.
1) Adjective clause 2) Noun Clause 3) Adverbial clause
Adjective clauses
Adjective clauses are dependent clauses that give information about nouns. They allow you to
combine two sentences into one by using relative pronouns (who, whom, whose, where, when,
which, that, and why) as connectors.
WHO (used for people as subjects) My friend missed the My friend who missed the
lecture. + She borrowed lecture borrowed Sam’s
Sam's notes to review. notes to review.
WHOM (used for people as subjects) The candidate won by a The candidate whom many
landslide. + Many people people admire won by a
admire him landslide.
WHOSE (used to indicate I admire Professor Brooks. I admire Professor Brooks,
possession) + His books were stolen. whose books were stolen.
THAT (used for people, place, I met a man on the bus The man that I met on the
and things introduces today. + He works at the bus today works at the
information necessary to World Bank. World Bank.
explain a noun)
WHICH (used for places, things My new car needs very My new car, which was
introduces extra little gas. + It was a gift a gift from my son, needs
information about an from my son. very little gas.
already specific noun)
WHEN (used to replace in which, July 25 was sad for me. + I July 25, when I left home,
on which) left home on that day. was sad for me.
WHERE (used to replace in which, I have always wanted to I have always wanted to
on which) visit the big house. + Julio visit the big house where
lives in that house. Julio lives.
WHY (usually introduces a noun My cousin ran away. + I I don't know why my
clause) don't know why. cousin ran away.
Noun clause
A noun clause is a dependent clause it is a clause used as the Subject or the Object of a
verb. As such, it plays the same role as a noun. Noun clauses are regularly introduced by pronouns
such as whatever, whichever, who, whom, whoever, whomever, that, what, etc. You must be able
to ask the question, who or what ? and the response should be a clause.
Examples :
1) You can eat whatever bread is in my refrigerator. (Object)
2) Whoever leaves last turns off the lights. (Subject)

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 166

Adverb clause
Adverb clauses are dependent clauses that give information about verbs, adverbs, and
adjectives.
An adverb clause tells when, where, why, how, to what extent, or how much about the word
it modifies. They allow you to combine two sentences into one by using subordinating conjunctions.
The most common conjunctions used in adverb clauses are listed below, according to the type of
clause they introduce.
Cause Comparison Place Manner
as, because, since as…as, than where, wherever as, as if, as though
Condition Concession Purpose Time
if, provided that, although, even though, in order that, so that after, as, before, once,
unless, whether whereas, while since, till, until, when,
while

Adverb Clause Modifying Verbs We left the bicycle. + We left the bicycle
We found it there. where we found it.
Adverb Clause Modifying Adverbs John sings well. + I John sings as well as
sing equally well I do.
Adverb Clause Modifying Adjectives The public library is The public library is
bigger. + It used to be bigger than it used to
small. be.
Types of Adverb Clauses.
There are several different kinds of adverbial clauses:
1) Adverb Clause of Time : An adverb of time states when something happens or how often.
An adverb of time often starts with one of the following subordinating conjunctions: after,
as, as long as, as soon as, before, no sooner than, since, until, when or while.
when (at the time) I can see you when I finish my work.
while (during that time) - She was reading a book while the dinner
was being cooked.
Before They will leave before you get here .
After After John's employer warned him about his
careless work , he was more careful.
by the time (one event is completed before By the time the lecturer explained about
another event) Newton's theory, the students had already
read a little about it at their own houses.
since (from the time to present) I haven't seen her since she left this morning

2) Adverb Clause of Place : An adverb of place states where something happens. An adverb of
place often starts with a preposition (eg., in, on, near) or one of the following subordinating

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 167

 conjunctions : anywhere, everywhere, where, or wherever.
where (definite place) We live where the road crosses the river.
wherever (any place) The mad man usually goes wherever he wish to go.
everywhere (any place) Everywhere I meet him , I always want to be angry.
anywhere (any place) - I will find you anywhere you are.
3) Adverb Clause of Condition : An adverb of condition states the condition for the main
idea to come into effect. They are introduced by the subordinating conjunctions if, whether,
provided that, so long as and unless.
If I like it , I will buy it.
You won't pass unless you work hard .
You will have to take the medicine whether you like it or not.
4) Adverb Clause of Manner : An adverb of manner states how something is done. An adverb
of manner often starts with one of the following subordinating conjunctions: as, like, or the
way.
The man was talking as if she was the leader of the group.
The choir sang as though the heavens would fall.
She performed so excellently that she got a scholarship.
5) Adverb Clause of Reason (Cause) : An adverb of reason offers a reason for the main idea.
They are introduced by the subordinating conjunctions because, as, since, and that.
I sing because I like singing.
He thinks he can get anything because he is rich.
Since he has apologized , we will take no further action against him.
6) Adverb Clause of Purpose : The clause tells us the purpose of the action the verb states.
They are introduced by the subordinating conjunctions that, so that, in order that and lest.
We eat so that we may live.
He works hard so that he will become a millionaire.
Put on your warm clothes lest you should catch a chill.
7) Adverb Clause of Degree or Comparison : An adverb of degree states to what degree
something is done or offers a comparison. It answers the question how much, how little or
how many. The conjunctions used to introduce adverb clauses of degree are as, as....as, so....
as, than.
She is older than her brother.
She is as intelligent as she is creative.
You are late than I expected .

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 168

 Model Questions

Q. 1) Which of the following is a dependent clause ?

1) He ran 2) Because she laughed
3) They sang loudly 4) The cat jumped
Elaboration : A dependent clause, also known as a subordinate clause, cannot stand alone as
a complete sentence. "Because she laughed" is a dependent clause as it requires
an independent clause to complete its meaning. Hence, option 2 is the correct
answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 2) Identify the independent clause in the following sentence :

The girl who was playing the guitar sang beautifully.
1) The girl was playing
2) who was playing the guitar
3) The girl sang beautifully
4) playing the guitar
Elaboration : An independent clause can function as a complete sentence on its own. In this
sentence, "The girl sang beautifully" is the independent clause as it can stand
alone as a complete sentence. Hence, option 3 is the correct answer.
1 2 3 4

Q. 3) What type of clause is "whatever you say" in the sentence : "I will do whatever
you say"?
1) Adverb clause 2) Noun clause
3) Adjective clause 4) Independent clause
Elaboration : "Whatever you say" is acting as the object of the verb "do" in the sentence. It
functions as a noun within the sentence, making it a noun clause.
Hence, option 2 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 4) In the sentence "The car that is parked outside outside belongs to Tom," what is
the function of the underlined clause?
1) Adjective clause 2) Noun clause
3) Adverbial clause 4) Independent clause
Elaboration : The clause "that is parked outside" provides additional information about the
noun "car." It acts as an adjective by modifying the noun, making it an adjective
clause. Hence, option 1 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 169

Q. 5) Which of the following sentences contains a relative clause?

1) She enjoys reading books.
2) The house was painted blue.
3) The man who delivers our mail is friendly.
4) They arrived late.
Elaboration : The clause "who delivers our mail" is a relative clause because it provides
additional information about the noun "man." It starts with the relative pronoun
"who. Hence, option 3 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Questions for practice

Q. 1) What type of clause does the sentence "She sang as if no one was listening"
contain?
1) Noun clause
2) Adjective clause
3) Adverb clause 4) Independent clause

Q. 2) Identify the type of clause in the sentence "The dog that barked loudly belongs
to the neighbour."
1) Noun clause
2) Adjective clause
3) Adverb clause 4) Independent clause

Q. 3) In the sentence "I will go wherever you go," the clause "wherever you go" is a(n)
........................... .
1) Noun clause
2) Adjective clause
3) Adverb Clause of place 4) Adverb Clause of manner

Q. 4) What type of clause is used in the sentence "I know why he is upset"?
1) Noun clause
2) Adjective clause
3) Adverb clause 4) Independent clause

Q. 5) Identify the clause in the sentence "The book that is on the table belongs to Sarah."
1) Noun clause 2) Adjective clause
3) Adverb clause 4) Independent clause

Q. 6) In the sentence "After the rain stopped, we went outside," the clause "After the
rain stopped" is an/a ............... .
1) Noun clause 2) Adjective clause
3) Adverb clause 4) Independent clause

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 170

Q. 7) What type of clause is used in the sentence "Whatever happens, happens for the
best"?
1) Noun clause 2) Adjective clause
3) Adverb clause 4) Independent clause
Q. 8) Identify the clause in the sentence "She revealed what she had learned in class."
1) Noun clause 2) Adjective clause
3) Adverb clause 4) Independent clause
Q. 9) In the sentence "Although he tried his best, he couldn't win the race," the clause
"Although he tried his best" is a ................ .
1) Noun clause 2) Adjective clause
3) Adverb clause 4) Independent clause
Q. 10) What type of clause is used in the sentence "I believe that honesty is the best
policy"?
1) Noun clause 2) Adjective clause
3) Adverb clause 4) Independent clause
Q. 11) Identify the clause in the sentence "He left because he was feeling unwell."
1) Noun clause 2) Adjective clause
3) Adverb clause 4) Independent clause
Q. 12) In the sentence "Whoever wants to join, must sign up by tomorrow," the clause
"Whoever wants to join" is a ........................ .
1) Noun clause 2) Adjective clause
3) Adverb clause 4) Independent clause
Q. 13) What type of clause is used in the sentence "The fact that she arrived early
surprised everyone"?
1) Noun clause 2) Adjective clause
3) Adverb clause 4) Independent clause
Q. 14) Identify the clause in the sentence "The man who delivered the package is my
neighbour."
1) Noun clause 2) Adjective clause
3) Adverb clause 4) Independent clause
Q. 15) In the sentence "While I was cooking dinner, the phone rang," the clause "While
I was cooking dinner" is a ................... .
1) Noun clause 2) Adjective clause
3) Adverb clause 4) Independent clause
School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 171
Q. 16) What type of clause is used in the sentence "I am aware of what you did last
summer"?
1) Noun clause 2) Adjective clause
3) Adverb clause 4) Independent clause
Q. 17) Identify the clause in the sentence "She will go wherever her friends go."
1) Noun clause 2) Adjective clause
3) Adverb clause 4) Independent clause
Q. 18) In the sentence "If you study hard, you will succeed," the clause "If you study
hard" is a ................ .
1) Noun clause 2) Adjective clause
3) Adverb clause 4) Independent clause
Q. 19) What type of clause is used in the sentence "The idea that he proposed seemed
impractical"?
1) Noun clause 2) Adjective clause
3) Adverb clause 4) Independent clause
Q. 20) Identify the clause in the sentence "We will leave after the concert ends."
1) Noun clause 2) Adjective clause
3) Adverb clause 4) Independent clause
Q. 21) Find out the noun clause in the sentence.
I fear that she will fail.
1) that she will fail 2) she will fail
3) I fear that 4) that
Q. 22) I had to shout in the mouth piece so that she could hear me.
Identify the underlined clause.
1) Adverb clause of reason
2) Adverb clause of purpose
3) Adverb clause of result
4) Adverb clause of manner
Q. 23) Choose the correct subordinate clause from the given sentence.
If you eat a heavy meal before exercise, you will feel sluggish.
1) too much meal
2) you will feel sluggish
3) If you eat a heavy meal before exercise
4) before exercise
School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 172
Q. 24) He behaves as if he were a Prime Minister.
1) Adverb clause of reason
2) Adverb clause of purpose
3) Adverb clause of result
4) Adverb clause of manner
Q. 25) Choose the correct clause to complete the sentence :
Nobody can tell ................... .
1) how did he become rich
2) how he has become so rich
2) how has he become so rich
3) that how could he become rich.

Sub Unit - 4.7 : Degree of Comparison

Let's understand :
Types of degree of comparison
 Positive degree  Comparative degree  Superlative degree
 Positive degree : It is used to suggest only existence of quality. Here no comparison is made
in positive degree.
e.g. 1) He is clever. 2) The moon is bright. 3) He is as a brave as tiger.
 Comparative degree : It suggest higher degree of quality than the positive when two things
are compared we use compare degree. We use then in comparative degree second form of
adjective is used in this degree.
e.g. 1) Health is better than wealth. 2) This train is faster than bus.
Ex.... Richer, prettier, more handsome, better.
 Superlative degree : It is highest degree of comparison and used to compare more than
two objects or pronouns. This degree suggests how a particular person or thing is different
from the other. 'The' is used before the adjective in its third form. (superlative form)
e.g. 1) The Taj Mahal is the most beautiful monument in the world.
2) Delhi is the largest city in the India.
Ex... richest, prettiest, most handsome, best
Comparative adjectives are formed by adding ......'er' or 'more'
Superlative adjectives are formed by adding adj +....est, or most
e.g. adjective + .... er ....... est
High higher highest
Formation of comparative and superlative degree of adjective.

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 173


Degree of Comparison type 1
Positive Comparative Superlative
Tall Taller Tallest
Big Bigger Biggest
Thin Thinner Thinnest
Fat Fatter Fattest

Degree of Comparison type 2
Funny Funnier Funniest
Happy Happier Happiest
Dry Drier Driest
Lazy Lazier Laziest
Easy easier easiest

Degree of Comparison type 3
Beautiful More beautiful Most beautiful
Attractive More attractive Most attractive
Comfortable More comfortable Most comfortable
Important More important Most important
Careful More careful Most careful

Degree of Comparison type 4
Bad Worse Worst
Good Better Best
Well Better Best
Many More Most
In Inner Innermost

Model Questions

Q. 1) Very few students are as clever as Ajay. (Choose the correct comparative of the
given sentence)
1) Ajay is clever than many other students.
2) Ajay is the cleverest student.
3) Ajay is so clever as other student.
4) No other student is as clever as Ajay.

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 174

Elaboration : In sentence no. 1 very few students are as clever as Ajay means that Ajay is
cleverer than many other students. While changing above sentence to comparative
from the correct structure is S+V+comparative degree of adjective + than +
object - Ajay + is + clever + than + any other boys. Option 2 Sentence suggest
superlative degree. Option 3 sentence structure is wrong. Option 4 sentences is
of positive degree. Hence, option 1 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 2) Select the correct option to fill in the blank

The Himalaya is the ..................... mountain range in the world.
1) high 2) higher 3) highest 4) most high
Elaboration : 'high' is the base form of an adjective. It is used only in positive degree. 'higher'
is the second form of adjective and is used in comparative degree but given
sentence is not the form of comparative degree. 'highest' is in superlative degree
of adjective high. 'The' article is used before superlative adjective form.
Hence, option 3 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 3) Choose the incorrect alternatives from the following.

a) as free as Bird b) as sharp as blade
c) a strong as an ox d) as dark as day.
1) a and b 2) only d
3) only c 4) all of the above
Elaboration : Option 1 'a and b' are correct comparisons. Option 3 'c' is correct also comparison.
Option 2 - 'd' is incorrect comparison. Hence, option 3 is the correct answer.
1 2 3 4

Q. 4) Correct the following sentence.

Jupiter is the larger planet in the solar system.
1) Jupiter is as largest planet as other in solar system.
2) Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system.
3) Jupiter is larger than any other planet in Solar System.
4) No other planet in the solar system is as large as Jupiter.
Elaboration : Option 1 sentence given in option 1 is having incorrect construction. Option  2
sentence given in option 1 is grammatically correct it is in superlative degree
the is use before adjective. Option 3 sentence is in comparative degree. Option
4 sentence is in positive degree. Hence option 2 is the correct answer.
1 2 3 4

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 175

Q. 5) Pick out two wrong/ incorrect sentence as per degree rule.
1) Mathematics is not as easy as Hindi.
2) Hindi is easier than mathematics.
3) Hindi is the easy language.
4) Hindi is the easiest of the two.
Elaboration : Option 1 is correct structure of positive degree. Option 2 is correct structure
of comparative degree. Option 3 is incorrect as per degree rule. Option 4 is
incorrect sentence because we can't make superlative degree sentence if there
are only two. Hence, option 3 and 4 are the correct answers. 1 2 3 4

Questions for practice

Q. 1) Kalidas is the greatest of Sanskrit dramatist. (Change into the positive and choose
the correct option.
1) Kalidas is as great as other Sanskrit dramatist.
2) Kalidas is the greatest Sanskrit dramatist.
3) Kalidas is greater than any other Sanskrit dramatist.
4) No other Sanskrit dramatist is as great as Kalidas.
Q. 2) Read the given sentences and point out the adjectives engage in the degree of
comparison.
A) Dr. C. V. Raman was one of the wisest men.
B) She is junior than all her team members.
1) wisest comparative ; junior positive
2) wisest comparative junior comparative
3) wisest positive ; junior positive
4) wisest superlative; junior comparative
Q. 3) Choose the two incorrect sentence.
1) Hirkani was as brave as lion.
2) The lion is not braver than Hirkani.
3) Hirkani was bravest than lion.
4) Hirkani was so braver as a lion.

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 176

Q. 4) Change the following sentence by using less or least without changing the meaning.
Snow is whiter than the milk.
1) The milk is less white than the snow.
2) The snow is less whiter than milk.
3) The milk is as least white as milk.
4) The snow is least white.

Q. 5) Choose the appropriate comparative or superlatives to following sentences.

a) Sachin is the ........... batsman in the world. b) Prevention is ............ than cure.
1) good, best 2) better, good
3) good, better 4) best, better

Q. 6) Change the degree of comparison without changing the meaning. (Choose two
options)
Samrat Ashoka was one of the greatest Indian kings.
1) Samrat Ashoka was greater than many other Indian kings.
2) Very few Indian Kings were as great as Samrat Ashoka.
3) Samrat Ashoka was more greater than other Indian Kings.
4) No other Indian king was as great as Samrat Ashoka.

Q. 7) Choose the incorrect sentence.

1) Chennai airport is one of the biggest airport in India.
2) Chennai airport is bigger than most other airport in India.
3) Very few airports in India are as big as Chennai airport.
4) Chennai airport is as biggest as any other airport in India.

Q. 8) Choose the correct alternative to fill in the blank.

Ours is the ................... apartment in the street.
1) latter 2) latest
3) latter 4) last

Q. 9) Choose the incorrect of the following adjectives.

1) old, older, oldest
2) up, upper, upmost, uppermost
3) late, later, latest
4) bad, badder, baddest

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 177

Q. 10) Choose the correct degree of comparisons.
Srinivas Ramanujan was one of the greatest Indian mathematician.
1) Positive degree
2) Comparative degree
3) Superlative degree
4) No comparison
Q. 11) Honesty is one of the best policy. (Change into positive)
1) Very few other policies are as good as honesty.
2) Honesty is the good policy than other.
3) Honesty is better policy than most other policies.
4) Honesty is as better as than other policy.
Q. 12) Change the degree of comparison without changing the meaning. (Choose two
correct option.)
Russia is the biggest country in the world.
1) No other country in the world is as big as Russia.
2) Many other countries in the world are as big as Russia.
3) Russia is bigger than any other country in the world.
4) Russia is not as smallest than any other country in the world.
Q. 13) Choose the correct form of adjectives given in the bracket.
A) My brother is ................... (tall) than my sister.
B) No other metal is so ........................ ( heavy) as lead.
1) taller, heavy 2) tall, heavier 3) tallest, heaviest 4) tall, heaviest
Q. 14) Choose the Superlative degree from the given alternatives.
1) No other women was as beautiful as Monalisa.
2) Monalisa watch more beautiful than any other women.
3) Monalisa was the most beautiful of all women.
4) Monalisa was the beautifulest of all women.
Q. 15) Choose the sentence of positive degree.
1) Godavari is one of the longest river in India.
2) Very few rivers in India are as long as Godavari.
3) Godavari is longer than many other rivers in India.
4) Godavari is longest than any other river in India.

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 178

 Sub Unit - 4.8 : Direct-Indirect Speech

Let's understand :
Direct speech is exact words spoken by the speaker. When we use direct speech, we place
the words spoken between the quotation marks. Ex - The teacher said, "I will be back in ten
minutes." Indirect Speech : Indirect speech or Reported speech tells you what someone said but
does not use the speaker's actual words.
Ex - The teacher told that he would be back in ten minutes.
Changes that occurs while converting from direct to indirect speech are as follows :
Direct Indirect
Here There
Now Then
Today That Day
Yesterday The Previous day
Tomorrow The next day
This That
These Those
Before After

Direct Indirect
He said, "I live in the hostel." (Present Simple) He said that he lived in the hostel. (Simple Past)
He said, "I'm going to the market." He said that he was going to the market.
(Present Continuous) (Past Continuous)
He said, "I've completed my work." He said that he had completed his work.
(Present Perfect) (Past Perfect)
He said, "I've been reading a lot." He said that the had been reading a lot.
(Present Perfect Continuous) (Past Perfect Continuous)
He said, "I arrived earlier" (Past Simple) He said that he had arrived earlier. (Past Perfect)

He said, "I had already left the meeting." He said that he had already left the meeting.
(Past Perfect) (remains the same)
He said, "I'll be there by the evening." He said that he would be there by the evening.
(Future Simple) (Will - Would)
He said, "I'm going to call everyone." He said that he was going to call everyone.
(be going to)

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 179

 Model Questions

Q. 1) He said, "I live in a small hut." (Change the sentence into indirect speech.)
1) He says that he lived in a small hut.
2) He said that he lives in a small hut.
3) He said that he lived in a small hut.
4) He said that he live in a small hut.
Elaboration : The given sentence is a statement (assertive sentence). It is in direct speech.
While converting it from direct to indirect speech Simple Present Tense is
changed into Simple Past Tense. The given sentence will become - He said
that he lived in a small hut. Hence, option 3 is the correct answer.
1 2 3 4

Q. 2) "Listen to me!" said the father. (Change the sentence into indirect speech.)
1) The father tells me to listen to him.
2) The father said to listen to him.
3) The father says to me to listen to him.
4) The father ordered me to listen to him.
Elaboration : The given sentence is an order (imperative sentence). It is in direct Speech.
While converting it from direct to indirect speech imperative sentence is changed
into an assertive sentence. Tense is also changed into Past Tense. The given
sentence will become - The father ordered me to listen to him.
Hence, option 4 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4
Q. 3) Maya asked Raj why he was going to Pune. (Change the sentence into direct speech.)
1) Maya said to Raj, "Why are you going to Pune ?"
2) Maya said to Raj, " Why he is going to Pune ?"
3) Maya said to Raj, "Why was he going to Pune ?"
4) Maya said to Raj, "Why he was going to Pune ?"
Elaboration : The given sentence is a statement in which Maya is asking Raj a reason of an
action happened in the past by a third person 'he'. Therefore, the sentence in in
indirect Speech. While converting it from indirect to direct speech this sentence is
changed into an interrogative sentence and written into double inverted comma.
It becomes an actual conversation in present. So, the tense is also changed into
the present tense. The given sentence will become Maya said to Raj, "Why are
you going to Pune?". Hence, option 1 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 180

Q. 4) He said, "Alas! My cat died." (Change the sentence into indirect speech.)
1) He exclaimed with sorrow that his cat died.
2) He exclaimed with sorrow that his cat had died.
3) He exclaimes with sorrow that his cat had died.
4) He exclaimed with sorrow that his cat has died.
Elaboration : The given sentence is an exclamation (Exclamatory sentence). It is in direct
Speech. While converting it from direct to indirect speech exclamatory sentence
is changed into an assertive sentence. Tense is also changed into Past Tense.
The given sentence will become - He exclaimed with sorrow that his cat had
died. Hence, option 2 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4
Q. 5) "I don't understand you", said the teacher. (Change the sentence into indirect
speech.)
1) The teacher said that he didn't understand me.
2) The teacher said that he doesn't understand me.
3) The teacher says that he didn't understand me.
4) The teacher tells that he didn't understand me.
Elaboration : The given sentence is a statement (assertive sentence). It is in direct Speech.
While converting it from direct to indirect speech simple present tense is changed
into Simple Past Tense. The given sentence will become - The teacher said that
he didn't understand me. Hence, option 1 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Questions for practice

Q. 1) He said, "I will wash my clothes on Sunday." (Change the sentence into indirect
speech)
1) He says that he would wash his clothes on Sunday.
2) He said that he would wash his clothes on Sunday.
3) He said that he will wash his clothes on Sunday.
4) He says that he will wash his clothes on Sunday.

Q. 2) She said, "I went to the market yesterday." (Change the sentence into indirect
speech.)
1) She said that she went to the market the previous day.
2) She said that she had gone to the market previous day.
3) She says that she had gone to the market yesterday.
4) She said that she has gone to the market previous day.

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 181

Q. 3) My son says, "I often have a sweet dish." (Change the sentence into indirect speech.)
1) Son says that he often had a sweet dish.
2) Son said that he often has a sweet dish.
3) Son says that he often has a sweet dish.
4) Son says that he often have a sweet dish.

Q. 4) He said that he would wash his teeth. (Change the sentence into direct speech.)
1) He said, "I will wash my teeth."
2) He says, "I will wash my teeth."
3) He said, "He will wash his teeth."
4) He said, "He would wash his teeth."

Q. 5) She said to her son, "How often do you play?" (Change the sentence into indirect
speech.)
1) She asked her son how often he played.
2) She asked her son that how often he played.
3) She asks her son how often he played.
4) She asked her son how often he plays.
Q. 6) Manoj said, "I don't know anything about that." (Change the sentence into indirect
speech.)
1) Manoj said that he didn’t know anything about that.
2) Manoj said that he doesn’t know anything about that.
3) Manoj says that he doesn’t know anything about that.
4) Manoj said that he hadn’t known anything about that.

Q. 7) She said that he worked in a hotel. (Change the sentence into direct speech.)
1) She said, "He is working in a hotel."
2) She said, "He has worked in a hotel."
3) She said, "He works in a hotel."
4) She says, "He works in a hotel."

Q. 8) He said that he had lived in Mumbai for 5 years. (Change the sentence into direct
speech.)
1) He said, "I was living in Mumbai for 5 years."
2) He said "I lived in Mumbai for 5 years."
3) He said "I live in Mumbai for 5 years."
4) He says "I had lived in Mumbai for 5 years."

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 182

Q. 9) He said, "I can swim." (Change the sentence into indirect speech.)
1) He said that he can swim.
2) He says that he could swim.
3) He said that he could swam.
4) He said that he could swim.

Q. 10) My mother said, "I'm pleased." (Change the sentence into indirect speech.)
1) My mother said that she was pleased.
2) My mother says that she was pleased.
3) My mother said that she is pleased.
4) My mother said that she pleased.

Q. 11) Krishna said, "My father is helping me in my study." (Change the sentence into
indirect speech.)
1) Krishna told that his father is helping him in his study.
2) Krishna told that his father was helping him in his study.
3) Krishna told that his father helps him in his study.
4) Krishna says that his father was helping him in his study.
Q. 12) "Can you help me?" She said to her brother, (Change the sentence into indirect
speech.)
1) She requested her brother if he could help her.
2) She requested her brother if he can help her.
3) She requests her brother if he could help her.
4) She requested her brother if he would help her.

Q. 13) "Please don't be late.", Ram said to his friends. (Change the sentence into indirect
speech.)
1) Ram requested his friends not to be late.
2) Ram requests his friends not to be late.
3) Ram told his friends not to be late.
4) Ram requested his friends to be late.

Q. 14) Mr. Pande said to me, "What is your name?" (Change the sentence into indirect
speech.)
1) Mr. Pande asked me what was my name.
2) Mr. Pande asks me what my name was.
3) Mr. Pande asked me what my name was.
4) Mr. Pande asked me what my name is.

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 183

Q. 15) "Go to bed", mother said to the children. (Change the sentence into indirect
speech.)
1) Mother said the children to go to bed.
2) Mother told the children to go to bed.
3) Mother tells the children to go to bed.
4) Mother ordered the children to go to bed.
Q. 16) Riya said, "I didn't go to the library today." (Change the sentence into indirect
speech.)
1) Riya said that she hadn't gone to the library that day.
2) Riya said that she hadn't gone to the library yesterday.
3) Riya said that she hadn't gone to the library the previous day.
4) Riya said that she didn’t go to the library that day.
Q. 17) I said to her, "When do you do exercise?" (Change the sentence into indirect
speech.)
1) I asked her when she does exercise.
2) I asked her when she has done exercise.
3) I asked her when she did exercise.
4) I ask her when she did exercise.
Q. 18) He said to her, "Will you go to the Kelkar museum?" (Change the sentence into
indirect speech.)
1) He asked her if she will go to the Kelkar museum.
2) He asked her if she goes to the Kelkar museum.
3) He asked her if she could go to the Kelkar museum.
4) He asked her if she would go to the Kelkar museum.
Q. 19) They said, "What a beautiful garden this is!" (Change the sentence into indirect
speech.)
1) They exclaimed that that garden was very beautiful.
2) They told that that garden is very beautiful.
3) They exclaimed that that garden is very beautiful.
4) They said that that garden was very beautiful.
Q. 20) You said to me, "Have you read that chapter?" (Change the sentence into indirect
speech.)
1) You asked me if I had read that chapter.
2) You asked me if I have read that chapter.
3) You asked me if I read that chapter.
4) You said me if I had read that chapter.
School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 184
 Sub Unit - 4.9 : Add a Question Tag

Add a question tag :

A question tag comes after the statement. Question tags are short questions at the end of
statement. When we want to clarify or confirm that something is true or not.
Normally we use a negative question tag after affirmative sentences. Use positive question
tag after negative statement.
If statement starts with 'let us' the question tag is 'shall we?'
If the statement is an imperative the question tag is 'will you?'.

Model Questions

Q. 1) Choose the correct question tag for the given sentence.

It is very cold now.
1) Was it ? 2) It is ? 3) Isn't it ? 4) Is it ?
Elaboration : The statement is positive. So, it is followed by negative question tag. Hence
option 3 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 2) You aren't going out. (Choose the correct question tag for the given sentence.)
1) Have you ? 2) Aren't you ? 3) Are you ? 4) Don't you ?
Elaboration : The statement is negative so it is followed by positive question tag, Hence,
option 3 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 3) Let us go for a walk. (Add a question tag.)

1) Shall we ? 2) Shan't we ? 3) Won't we ? 4) Do we ?
Elaboration : If the sentence starts with 'let's' the question tag is 'shall we?'. Hence, option 1
is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 4) Which of the following sentences contains the correct question tag ?

1) He is coming, doesn't he ?

2) She is leaving, is she ?
3) They have finished, haven't they ?
4) We were late, aren't we ?
Elaboration : The correct answer is (3). In this sentence, the main clause is "They have
finished," which is in the affirmative. Hence, the corresponding question tag is
"haven't they" because the auxiliary verb "have" is used in the main clause.
Hence, option 3 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 185

Q. 5) Choose the sentence with the appropriate question tag
1) She doesn't like coffee, does she ? 2) He doesn't play football, isn't he ?
3) They aren't going, aren't they ? 4) We haven't eaten, have they ?
Elaboration : Remember, in question tags, the auxiliary verb in the tag should match the
tense, number, and person of the main verb in the sentence. Hence, option 1 is
the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Questions for practice

Q. 1) Which of the following sentences contain the correct question tag.

1) We have received all projects, isn't it ?
2) We have received all the projects, aren't we ?
3) We have received all the projects, haven't we ?
4) We have received all the projects, didn't we ?
Q. 2) Choose the proper question tag. Stop that noise.

1) Stop that noise, will you ? 2) Stop that noise,can't you ?
3) Stop that noise, don't you ? 4) Stop that noise, didn't you ?
Q. 3) Select the sentence with appropriate question tag.
1) Rajesh is a good musician, is Rajesh ?
2) Rajesh is a good musician, is not Rajesh ?
3) Rajesh is a good musician, isn't he ?
4) Rajesh is a good musician, is he ?

Q. 4) Choose the correct question tag. Life goes on.

1) Don't it ? 2) Didn't it ? 3) Isn't it ? 4) Doesn't it ?

Q. 5) They made a big hole in the wall. (Add a question tag.)

1) Weren't they ? 2) Didn't they ?
3) Wasn't it ? 4) Did they ?

Q. 6) You will give me full support. (Add a question tag.)

1) Will you ? 2) Won't you ? 3) Do you ? 4) Didn't you ?

Q. 7) Choose correct question tag. Let me do it.

1) Don't I ? 2) Shan't I ? 3) Shall I ? 4) Do I ?

Q. 8) Choose correct question tag. They must not do that.

1) Mustn't they ? 2) Can they ? 3) Must they ? 4) Must that ?

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 186

Q. 9) If one has to ask for permission to enter he/she should say.
1) Can I come in ?
2) Should I come in?
3) Would I come in ? 4) May I come in?
Q. 10) I am not tired. (Add a question tag)
1) Aren't I ?
2) Am I  ? 3) Are I ? 4) Can I ?
Q. 11) Bring that book. (Add a question tag)
1) Shall I ?
2) Is I ? 3) Hasn't I ? 4) Will you ?
Q. 12) She sings in the morning. (Add a question tag)

1) Do she? 2) Does she? 3) Didn't she? 4) Doesn't she?
Q. 13) He does not take exercise. (Add a question tag)

1) Don't he? 2) Does he? 3) Didn't he ? 4) Doesn't he?
Q. 14) She has a few good story books. (Choose correct question tag)

1) Doesn't she?   2) Hasn't she? 3) Isn't she? 4) Has she?
Q. 15) Everyone was present. (Add a question tag)
1) Aren't they?
2) Wasn't they? 3) Weren't they ? 4) Is they?
Q. 16) I am working hard. (Add a question tag)
1) Isn't I?
2) Am I? 3) Aren't I? 4) Wasn't I?
Q. 17) Don't touch the thing. (choose correct question tag)
1) Will you? 2) Do you ? 3) Will it ? 4) Won't you ?
Q. 18) Have some more curry.

1) Shall we? 2) Will you? 3) Haven't you? 4) Have you?
Q. 19) You have a new laptop. (Add a question tag)

1) Isn't it ? 2) Don't you ? 3) Have you ? 4) Haven't you ?
Q. 20) Some of you are brilliant. (Add a question tag)
1) Are you ? 2) Can you ? 3) Aren't you ? 4) Don't you ?
Q. 21) Somebody has called. (Add a question tag)?
1) Hasn't somebody ? 2) Has somebody ?
3) Haven't they ? 4) Hasn't they ?
Q. 22) mustn't we? is the question tag of which sentence?
1) We are hurry. 2) We must hurry.
3) We are in hurry. 4) We hurry.

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 187

Q. 23) Identify the sentence with accurate question tag.
Gopal hasn't passed the examination.
1) Hasn't he? 2) Has he?
3) Has Gopal? 4) Have he?

Q. 24) ''did I?'' is the question tag of which sentence?

1) I do hurt you. 2) I did hurt you.
3) I didn't hurt you? 4) I hurt you?

Q. 25) I needn't get up early tomorrow. (Add a question tag)

1) Needn't I? 2) Needn't he?
3) Need he? 4) Need I?

Sub Unit - 4.10 : Punctuations

Punctuation
While we speak or utter words we use pauses , stress or different tone . The use of punctuation-
marks is helpful in making statements in written form. In short, punctuation marks help us to
clarify our meaning and purpose and make sense. Punctuation marks are used to divide phrases
and sentences for clarify, stress and sense. It uses in writing to help us the meaning clear.
The commonly used punctuation marks are discussed below :
1) Capital letters : Generally, the sentence starts with capital letter of first word. It is used to
mark the beginning of a sentence. But they also have others uses explained as follow.
Examples :
a) Aishwarya lives in Mumbai, the capital of Maharashtra and learns in Dnyanbharati
Public School.
b) Maharashtra Film Council screened a show of film 'Hindi' for children.
In that way the capital letters used at the beginning of all proper noun, personal names
or name of titles, books, films, cities, countries, institutions and organizations.
2) A Full stop : ( . ) A full stop is placed at the end of a sentence to indicate that the sentence
is complete. It indicates a long pause.
Examples :
i) Songs and dances of Nagaland tell you their history orally.
ii) He refused to move.
3) Comma ( , ) : A comma is given when several lists or short sentences of the same type
occurs in succession. Comma indicates short pause in sentences.
Examples :

1) Summer, winter, autumn and spring are seasons.
2) An expert, is one who expresses her opinion about the contents, style and merit.

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 188

 4) Inverted Commas : ("...........") , ('.........') / Quotation Marks.
There are two types of inverted commas or quotation marks - single and double
a) Single Inverted Commas : ('......')
Single inverted commas are used to draw a word, a quote, a title of song, book, newspaper,
magazine, poem or short story.
For Example :
1) The famous film 'Titanic' made by the director James Cameron.
2) Do you agree with the saying 'Better late than never ?'
b) Double Inverted Commas : ( "........." )
The Double Inverted Commas are used to mark out actual words spoken by someone
from the reporting words. They are used largely in direct speech in our writing. The first
word of a complete sentence within inverted commas begin with capital letter.
For Example :
1) The contractor said, "These are the ownership documents of this new house in your
name."
2) "I love my plants" said Jenny.
3) "What a perfect day it has been !" said the class happily.
5) An Apostrophe : An Apostrophe is used to form contractions (shorten the words). We used
an apostrophe where we have left out one or more letters.
For Example :
i) It is - It's ii) We are - We're
iii) he would - he'd iv) will not - won't
6) Colon ( : ) : A colon is a punctuation mark that is used to divide a sentence. We use a colon
to introduce a list, a quote, an announcement, or direct attention to a list. Colon connects
two independent clauses if the second is a restatement or explanation of the first. It also use
to express time, in titles and as a part of writing conversation.

For Examples :
1) They wanted to see three countries in Africa : Tanzania, Mali, Sudan.
2) It's 6 :15 p.m.
3) Here are North-eastern states of India : Meghalaya, Mizoram, Manipur, Sikkim.
7) Semicolon ( ; ) : Semicolon indicates a pause larger than that indicated by a comma but
shorter than that indicated by full stop.
Semicolon joins two or more clauses that are closely related.
For Examples :
i) The players are P.V. Sindhu from India ; Kirsty Gilmour from Scotland; and Nozomi
Okuhara from Japan.
ii) Joe won gold medal ; Mary won silver medal.

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 189

 8) The Hypen : (-) It is a small hypen used to from compound nouns and adjectives. It also
used to spell out compound numbers.
For Examples :
i) There are fifty-six birds.
ii) It is a 150-year-old museum.
iii) His never-say-die spirit has made him reach the highest position.
9) A Question Mark (?) : It is used at the end of questions.

For Example :
i) What is the message given at the end of the poem ?
ii) Where do we find all types of animals ?
10) An Exclamation Mark : (!)
It is used after interjection and end of the exclamatory sentences.

For Example :
i) Hurray ! We won the match ! ii) How does she do it ! iii) What an fantastic idea !

Model Questions

Q. 1) Which punctuation mark is ommited in the following sentences :

"Be confident and don't lose hope".
1) comma 2) apostrophe
3) full stop 4) hyphen
Elaboration : Apostrophe sign is not there in don’t. Hence, option 2 is the correct answer.
1 2 3 4

Q. 2) How many commas will there be in this sentence? We should have zeal diligence
loyalty.
1) One 2) Three
3) Four 4) Two
Elaboration : Zeal, diligence and loyalty these three words are written without comma. Comma
should be there. Hence, option 4 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 3) Which letters need to write capital in the following sentence.

no other festival in certain areas of arunachala is as important as losar.
1) n, a, c 2) n, f, a
3) n, a, l 4) n, f ,l
Elaboration : No, Arunachal and Losar word's first alphabet must be capital.
Hence, option 3 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 190

Q. 4) Which of the following is a double inverted comma?
1) ? 2) -
3) ".........." 4) !
Elaboration : This is "........" double inverted comma. Hence, option 3 is the correct  answer.
1 2 3 4

Q. 5) In which of the following sentence punctuation marks are used correctly ?

1) The title of the poem is 'Ode to a Nightingale.'
2) The title of the poem is Ode to a nightingale.
3) The title of the poem is Ode to a Nightingale?
4) The title of the poem is "Ode to a nightingale!"
Elaboration : Double inverted comma "..........." should be there.) "..........". Hence, option 4
is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Questions for practice

Q. 1) Which punctuation mark is missing in the following sentence?

Kerala is known as 'God's own country'.
1) apostrophe 2) semicolon 3) comma 4) hyphen
Q. 2) Where should the comma appear in the given sentence.

The music spread across the forest like the glimmer of dawn.
1) before spread 2) after glimmer 3) after forest 4) before across

Q. 3) Use hypen between the correct words in the sentence.

These are low flying aircrafts.
1) are-low 2) flying-aircrafts 3) low-flying-aircrafts 4) low-flying

Q. 4) How many times will capital letters appear in the following sentence.

sachin tendulkar is the best indian cricketer .
1) Four 2) Three 3) Two 4) One
Q. 5) Choose the sentence that is written correctly.
1) The prime minister says , "India is a powerful democracy and will remain it."
2) The Prime Minister says , "India is a powerful democracy and will remain it."
3) The Prime Minister says , "india is a powerful democracy and will remai it.
4) the prime minister says india is a powerful democracy and will remain it.

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 191

Q. 6) Which punctuation mark should be used in the placed indicated by star.

The party * venue was heavily decorated.
1) semi-colon 2) colon
3) hyphen 4) comma
Q. 7) Which sentence is punctuated correctly :
1) Jahnvi's sister- in- law is a teacher.

2) Jahnvis' s sister- in-law is a teacher ?
3) Jahnvi's sister in law is a teacher.
4) Jahnvi's sister in law is - a teacher.
Q. 8) Identify the sentence in which quotation marks is correct.
1) Sara said, ''I am getting late for movie."
2) "Sara said, "I am getting late for movie."
3) Sara said, I am "getting late for movie."
4) Sara said, "I am getting late,"for movie."
Q. 9) Choose the sentence that ends with proper punctuation mark.
1) How was your holiday.
2) How was your holiday !
3) How was your holiday,
4) How was your holiday ?
Q. 10) Swara wanted to make a list. Which punctuation marks be used ?
1) semi-colon, exclamation mark
2) inverted comma, full stop
3) full stop
4) question mark, exclamation mark
Q. 11) Which punctuation mark is not used in the sentence.

Remember 'Chipko Movement'.
1) Single inverted comma 2) Full stop
3) Capital letters 4) Question mark
Q. 12) Choose the correct Exclamatory sentence to complete the following :

The teacher was impressed by the student's intelligence. She said ;
1) What a intellectual he is ! 2) What a student he is !
3) How intellectual he is ! 4) How impressive student !

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 192

Q. 13) Put the proper punctuation mark at the end of the sentence .
What situations provide us courage

1) ? 2) ;

3) . 4) !
Q. 14) Which punctuation marks are used to write a spoken sentence in a conversation ?

1) Semi-colon 2) Colon
3) Comma 4) Apostrophe
Q. 15) Read the sentence and put the apostrophe in proper word.
Our teachers desks have been replaced.
1) teacher's 2) teachers'
3) desk's 4) desks'

Sub Unit - 4.11 : 'Wh' - Questions

Let's understand :
To frame 'Wh' questions, you generally start with question words such as - who, what, when,
where, why, whom, whose, how, how much and how many. These words are used to inquire about
specific information in a sentence.
NOTE - 'How', 'How many' and 'How much' are also called Wh - questions, though they don't start
with 'Wh' as they also do the same function like 'Wh' words.
Here's a brief guide for constructing 'Wh questions'.
1) Who : It is used to enquire about a person or people.
Example : Who is coming to the party tonight ?
2) What : It is used to enquire about things or actions.
Example : What is your favourite food ?
3) When : It is used to enquire about the time or date.
Example : When is the meeting scheduled for ?
4) Where : It is used to enquire about a place or location.
Example : Where did you put the keys ?
5) Why : It is used to enquire about the reason or cause.
Example : Why did you choose that option ?
6) How : It is used to inquire about the manner or method.
Example : How did you solve the problem?

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 193

 7) How many : It is used to inquire about the quantity of the things which are counted in
numbers like 1, 2,3...
Example : How many students are present today?
8) How much : It is used to inquire about the quantity of the things which are not counted in
numbers like 1,2,3.. but are counted in indefinite quantity like- some, little, much, few, etc.
Example : How much rice is left in the pot?

Model Questions

Q. 1) 'Who' is used in wh - question for ..........

1) asking for time of an event.
2) asking for a choice.
3) asking for ownership or used to show possession.
4) asking for the person who did the action.
Elaboration : Wh - word 'who' is used for "asking for the person who did the action. Hence,
option 4 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 2) Whom is used in wh - question for ..........

1) asking for information about something.
2) asking about someone's identity.
3) asking for the reason.
4) asking about object (person).
Elaboration : wh - word 'whom' is used for asking about object (person). Hence, option 4 is
the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 3) Identify the correct answer.

............... did you go this morning ?

1) What 2) Where
3) How 4) Whom
Elaboration : Here 'Where' is appropriate wh - word. Hence, option 2 is the correct answer.
1 2 3 4

Q. 4) Fill in the blanks with appropriate wh - word.

................ does photosynthesis work ?
1) Who 2) Whom
3) What 4) How
Elaboration : In above sentence 'How' is appropriate wh - word. Hence, option 4 is the correct
answer. 1 2 3 4

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 194

Q. 5) Choose the correct 'wh' question from the alternatives given below.

1) What does each plant have ?
2) Why does each plant have ?
3) Who does each plant have ?
4) What do each plant have ?
Elaboration : The answer of question is "What does each plant have?" Hence, option 1 is
the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Questions for practice

Q. 1) ................ time did you come home last night ?

1) What 2) Which
3) Who 4) When
Q. 2) .................. is your favourite song ?
1) Who 2) Why
3) How 4) Which
Q. 3) ................ are you talking about?
1) How 2) What
3) When 4) Where
Q. 4) ..................... precautions did you take ?
1) What 2) Which
3) How 4) Where

Q. 5) ................. will you leave ?

1) When 2) What
3) How 4) Which

Q. 6-8) Read the words then order them to form meaningful questions.
Q. 6) Chocolates all favourite ate who my?
1) What ate all my favourite chocolates ?
2) Which ate all my favourite chocolates ?
3) Who ate all my favourite chocolates ?
4) Whom ate all my favourite chocolates ?

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 195

Q. 7) So is boss morning the this why angry ?
1) Who the boss is so angry this morning ?
2) Whom the boss is so angry this morning ?
3) What the boss is so angry this morning ?
4) Why is the boss so angry this morning ?
Q. 8) Shops the all Sunday open do when on?
1) When do all the shops open on Sunday ?
2) Whom do all the shops open on Sunday ?
3) How do all the shops open on Sunday ?
4) Are do all the shops open on Sunday ?

Q. 9) Wh - word 'when' is used in wh - question for -

1) asking for time of an event.
2) asking for the person who did the action ?
3) asking for a choices.
4) asking for ownership or used to show possession.

Q. 10) In wh - word 'why' .........................

1) is used to know about reason or cause.
2) is used to know about something.
3) is used to know about choices.
4) is used to know about a person.

Q. 11) We can make wh - question in two ways -

1) Wh + main verb + subject
2) Wh + subject + main verb
3) Wh + auxiliary verb + subject + main verb
4) Wh + modal verb + subject + main verb

Q. 12) They talk loudly everywhere they go.

1) Whose they talk everywhere they go ?
2) Which they talk everywhere they go ?
3) How do they talk, everywhere they go ?
4) Is they talk everywhere they go ?

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 196

Q. 13) They see this movie once a year.
1) What movie they see once a year ?
2) Which movie do they see once a year ?
3) When movie they see once a year ?
4) How movie they see once a year ?
Q. 14) Pari wants to dance with her daughter every Sunday. (Choose the correct question
for the underlined part as an answer)
1) Why does Pari want to dance with her daughter ?
2) What does Pari want to dance with her daughter ?
3) When does Pari want to dance with her daughter ?
4) How does Pari want to dance with her daughter ?
Q. 15) The police arrests the thief because he is violent. (Choose the correct question.)
1) What the police arrests the thief  ?
2) Why does the police arrest the thief  ?
3) How the police arrests the thief  ?
4) When the police arrests the thief  !
Q. 16-20) Complete the sentences with correct 'Wh' Question (Question Number 16-20)
Q. 16) ................. would you like to have ?
1) Why 2) Where
3) What 4) When
Q. 17) ............... do you look tired ?
1) Which 2) What
3) Why 4) Who
Q. 18) ................. is your name ?
1) How 2) What
3) Why 4) Who
Q. 19) ................ do you buy the groceries ?
1) which 2) What
3) Why 4) Who
Q. 20) ............. will you reach home ?
1) Where 2) What
3) When 4) Who


School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 197

 Unit : 5 Composition and Creative Writing
Sub Unit - 5.1 : Responding

Let's understand :
Responding :
To react in response to a statement or question.
 To say or do something as an answer or reaction to that has been said in return.

 Response can be given in various ways.

For Example : 1) What's your name ?

My name is Sangita.
2) Do you like coffee ?
Yes, I do.
Responding to alternative questions : We can answer an alternative question in different ways,
but we do not normally answer 'yes'.
For Example : 1) Would you like sauce or cheese on it ?
Sauce, please./Cheese, please./Both, please./No, Thanks.
1) Responding to Wh - questions : Wh - questions begin with WHAT, WHERE, WHEN, WHO,
WHOM, WHICH, WHOSE, WHY and HOW. We use them to ask for information. The
answer cannot be Yes or No.
For Example : 1) Where is the sound system?
It's in the room next to the hall.
2) Responding to Yes/No-questions : Questions that need either a Yes or No answer are called
Yes/No-questions.
For Example : 1) Do you like ice cream?
Yes / No.

Model Questions

Q. 1) Read the responses in the following web and choose correct answer related to the
given responses. Sorry wrong
1) Advices from elders number

2) Conversation on mobile May I know,

who is calling?
? Hello
3) News on radio
4) Thoughts Please, ask him
to ring me up

Elaboration : The above given responses are related to conversation on mobile.

Hence, option 2 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 198

Q. 2) Choose two correct responses, for the following question.
Would you like to be my Pen-Friend?
1) Yes, I am sorry.
2) Oh, yes I would like to be your pen-friend.
3) I have many school-mates.
4) I shall give you a pen.
Elaboration : Other responses are not valid. Hence, option 2 is the correct answer.
1 2 3 4

Q. 3) Which is the most appropriate symptom related to the following responses.

Problem - I have stomach-ache.
1) digestive problem 2) respiratory problem
3) nervousness problem 4) emotional problem
Elaboration : The given responses are not related to stomach-ache except option 1. Hence,
option 1 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Questions for practice

Q. 1) How do you respond to 'Thank you' ?

1) You are welcome. 2) Excuse me.
3) I am sorry. 4) Worry for you.
Q. 2) Which is the correct response for the following situation?
When you want to get a strangers attention, What will be your response?
1) Excuse me, Madam/Sir. 2) What's your name?
3) Thank you. 4) Who are you?
Q. 3) 'When someone is ill', what should be your response?
1) get better soon. 2) get mad soon.
3) get well soon. 4) get sick soon.
Q. 4) Complete the sentence by choosing correct option. ……. ! We have won the match.
1) Alas ! 2) Hurrah!
3) How sad! 4) Bad Luck !
Q. 5) Which is the wrong response for the following situation. When you hold the door
for someone.
1) After you. 2) You first.
3) Go ahead. 4) Me first.

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 199

 Sub Unit - 5.2 : News

Let's understand :

04 KILLED, 10 INJURED IN BUS ACCIDENT

Times News Network, By Abhay Deshpande

Pune : Four persons including one child were killed and 10 others were injured when they were
travelling in a private bus that fell into a ditch near Mahad late last evening.
The bodies of the four all members of one family were extricated and identified by relatives
travelling in the same bus. While 10 sustained injuries, three were given first aid and the other
seven have been admitted to Local Hospital. One man, Rajiv Patil (65) is in critical condition.
Police are investigating. It is alleged that the bus was old and the brakes in a state of disrepair.

Look at the organization and layout of the item. At the top, there is a Headline. It is followed
by a Dateline, Intro/Lead is the first paragraph of the News story. This is followed by the Main
Body or continuing paragraph of the text.
N Stands for North, E stands for East, W stands for West whereas S stands for South. The
information we receive from all corners and directions is called as NEWS.
Features of a News :
1) Headline : Headline must be catchy to grab the attention of the reader. It should carry the
story in a nutshell.
2) Intro/Lead : In Intro/Lead paragraph generally following questions should be answered.
a) Who? b) What? c) When?
d) Where? e) Why?
3) Main Body/Concluding Paragraph :
a) Less important facts
b) Least important facts
c) Quotation/Statement/Opinion/Eye witnesses etc.
4) Language/Style of News :
a) Only Factual Information
b) In Past tense
c) Use of Passive Voice construction.

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 200

 Model Questions

Read the following news item and answer the questions given below.

Times News Network, 15 February 2022

Mumbai : Seven unidentified men entered P. K Jewellers at about 11.00 a.m. posing as
customers. They looted jewellery worth 40 Lakhs at gunpoint and fled away in a car.
The shop employee, Jayesh was found bound and gagged by the shop owner. The Police are
investigating the crime and say that Jayesh is too shaken and traumatised by the incident
which took place in broad daylight.

Q. 1) Choose the most appropriate Headline/Title for the above News.

1) Police Inquiry against Shop Owner
2) Customer threatened by Shop owner
3) Jewellery shop looted in broad daylight
4) Jayesh thrilled by the News.
Elaboration : The news is not related to Jayesh, Customer and Police it is about the entire
'Jewellery Shop'. Hence, option 3 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 2) Why did the looters pose as customers?

1) So that one should not suspect them as robbers and to get entry in the shop.
2) Because they want to purchase jewellery.
3) They were sophisticated customers.
4) They came there only for window shopping.
Elaboration : The only reason that speaks about the identity not to be revealed is the first
one. Hence, option 1 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 3) The phrase 'bound and gagged' in the news means…

1) Shocked and shivered.
2) Hands, feet tied and piece of cloth placed in mouth.
3) Shop owner suspected that there was a hand of employee in this robbery.
4) Thrilled and excited by the incident.
Elaboration : This phrase is used to describe a person who has been tied up and has had
something placed in or over their mouth. Hence, option 2 is the correct
answer. 1 2 3 4

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 201

Q. 4) Give reasons.
The robbers were mentioned as 'unidentified' because…
1) They were without identity cards.
2) The robbers came to purchase gold.
3) The robbers fled in car.
4) The names and identities of the robbers were not recognised yet.
Elaboration : The meaning of the prefix 'un' is a negative. Here, unidentified means whose
identity is not known. Hence, option 4 is the correct answer.
1 2 3 4

Q. 5) Jayesh was in a state of panic due to the fact that…

1) Jayesh recognised the robbers.
2) The police arrested the shop owner.
3) At gunpoint jewellery worth 40 lakh looted in a broad daylight.
4) Jayesh was rewarded by the police.
Elaboration : Jayesh was an employee of the shop and jewellery worth Rs. 40 Lakh was
looted in broad day light. Hence, option 3 is the correct answer.  1 2 3 4

Questions for practice

Read the following News item and answer the questions given below them.

FARMERS PROTEST AGAINST LOAD-SHEDDING

Express News Service, 10 April
Amravati : Farmers from the Vidarbha region came together on April 10th 2012 to protest
against load-shedding in their region which caused more damage.
The farmers who were already desperate because of the failing monsoon were now
finding that other man-made factors too were hampering their well being frustrated with
the load-shedding. They found it difficult to water their crops using the spring irrigation
pumps which could not be used due to power cuts and load-shedding policies. They shouted
slogans of protest hoping that help would come this way.

Q. 1) The Dateline and Place line is correct as…

1) Amravati is in Vidarbha region and April is a Month in Summer season.
2) Amravati is the capital of Maharashtra.
3) It is a place where there is no load-shedding.
4) Framers are gathered to protest.

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 202

Q. 2) Point out Natural and Man-made disasters from the Extract.
1) Irrigation and protest 2) Failing Monsoon and load-shedding
3) Policies and slogans 4) Protest and region
Q. 3) Pick out example of compound words from the Extract.
1) Farmers 2) Frustrated
3) Man-made and Load-shedding 4) Policies
Q. 4) Load-shedding affect farmers because…
1) Farmers could not get seeds to sow in time.
2) The debts of the farmers were not waived.
3) Farmers didn't get prices for their commodities.
4) The farmers cannot water their crops using spring irrigation pumps due to power
cuts.
Q. 5) According to you, the Government should solve the above-mentioned problem by...
1) Providing uninterrupted power supply.
2) Supplying seeds in monsoon.
3) Cutting the electricity connections.
4) By purchasing the fertile land from the farmers.

Sub Unit - 5.3 : Advertisements

Let's understand :
1) Define Your Goals : Clearly outline the objectives of your advertisement. Determine whether
you want to increase sales, promote an event, raise brand awareness, or achieve another
specific goal.'
2) Identify Your Target Audience : Understand your ideal customer or target audience. Gather
information about their demographics, interests, and preferences. This will help tailor your
message to resonate with them.
3) Choose the Advertising Medium : Decide where and how you’ll deliver your advertisement.
Options include print, online, TV, radio, social media, billboards, and more. Your choice
should align with your goals and target audience.
4) Develop a Unique Selling Proposition (USP) : Determine what makes your product, service,
or message unique and appealing. Highlight these key points in your advertisement.
5) Craft a Compelling Message : Write the headline, body copy, and call to action (CTA) for
your advertisement. Keep your message concise, engaging, and clear. Your CTA should tell
the audience what to do next.
6) Design and Visual Elements : Create or select visuals, such as images, graphics, or video,
that enhance your message. Make sure the visual elements align with your brand and message.

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 203

 7) Branding : Ensure that your advertisement is consistent with your brand's identity, including
colours, fonts, logos, and overall style.
8) Compliance and Regulations : Be aware of any legal or industry-specific regulations that
may apply to your advertisement, such as advertising standards, copyright, or trademark
considerations.
9) Evaluation and Optimization : After the campaign concludes, assess the results and gather
insights for future campaigns. Make adjustments and improvements based on what you’ve
learned.

Model Questions

Read the advertisement carefully. Select the correct option from the given below :
!!! ONLY TILL STOCK LASTS !!!
See that you don't miss out this opportunity!!
Sale - Fresh New stocks of Branded
Gents Formals is on!!
Price MRP Rs. 2500/- Sale Price Rs. 1500/- only
  Varieties
Cotton Formal Shirts
  Anti Crease Formal Shirts
 Cotton Formal Trousers  Formal Trousers

: Venue : : Date and Timings :

Sports Ground, Near Municipal Corporation 22nd March, 2024, 4 pm. to 8 pm.

Q. 1) Which part of information is missing according to you? Select any two correct
options :
1) Name of company organizing the sale 2) Place of sale
3) Date of sale 4) Distance from corporation
Elaboration : As per the facts date of sale and place of sale is mentioned in the advertisement.
Hence, option 1 and 4 are the correct answers. 1 2 3 4
Q. 2) What is the MRP of the Gents Formals?
1) Rs. 1500/- 2) Rs. 2500/- 3) Rs. 1000/- 4) Rs. 500/-
Elaboration : The price of gent’s formals is mentioned in the advertisement.
Hence, option 2 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 3) Where is the sale taking place?

1) Shopping Mall 2) Sports Ground
3) Municipal Corporation 4) City Centre
Elaboration : The venue sports ground is mentioned in the advertisement. Hence, option 2 is
the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 204

 Questions for practice

Q. 1) What are the available varieties of Gents Formals?

1) T-Shirts 2) Jeans
3) Formal Shirts and Trousers 4) Sneakers

Q. 2) What is the discounted sale price of the Gents Formals?

1) Rs. 1500/- 2) Rs. 1000/- 3) Rs. 2500/- 4) Rs. 500/-

Q. 3) What are the timings of the sale?

1) 10 am. to 2 pm. 2) 2 pm. to 6 pm.
3) 4 pm. to 8 pm. 4) 8 am. to 12 pm.

Sub Unit - 5.4 : E-mail

Let's understand :
What is an E-Mail? : Electronic Mail also known as email or e-mail. It is a simple way, fastest
means of communication, it can be sent to several people at once.
E-Mail Basics :
 Content is the most important thing in E-Mail.

 Readable font 10/12 point size is an ideal size.

 Professional email address should be used for sending job search-related matters.

 E-Mail address should include combination of your first and last name or first initial and
last name.
 Subject Line

Do's and Don’ts for Email Etiquettes.

Dos : Don'ts :
1) Have a clear subject line. 1) Don't forget your signature.
2) Use a professional salutation. 2) Don't use humour and sarcasm.
3) Recheck your e-mail. 3) Don't assume the recipient knows what you
4) Keep private material confidential. are talking about.
5) Keep your email short and flawless. Stay 4) Don't punctuate poorly.
concise. 5) Don't hit 'Reply All'.
6) Check your attachments before sending. 6) Don't think that no one but the intended
7) Include your name or a signature with recipient will see your email. (No predictions)
Additional details and contact information. 7) Don't forward email without permission.

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 205

 Format for E-mail Writing :
From : Sender's e-mail id
To : Recipient's e-mail id
CC : Other individual’s receiving the same mail with visible ids
BCC : Other individual’s receiving the same mail with invisible ids.
Subject : Title or the reason of writing mail
Salutation : Words like Dear, Respected, etc.
Main body : The main content of the e-mail.
1) Introduction
2) Matter in detail
3) Conclusion
Closing : Ending statement/concluding lines
Attachments : Attached filed with e-mails
Signature line : Sender’s name, signature and other details of contact.

Model Questions

Q. 1) Which one of the following option helps you to save an unfinished email without
sending it?
1) Compose 2) starred 3) sent 4) Drafts
Elaboration : Unfinished email without saving automatically goes into drafts.
Hence, option 4 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 2) CC Stands for Carbon Copy whereas BCC stands for .....

1) Comprehensive Copy
2) Carbon Copy Black
3) Blended Carbon Copy
4) Blank/Blind Correct Copy.
Elaboration : All the other abbreviations are not correct except. Hence, option 4 is the correct
answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 3) E-mail is a method of exchanging messages between people using.

1) Telephones 2) Electronic devices.
3) Letters on paper 4) None of the above
Elaboration : E-mails can be sent only via electronics devices. Hence, option 2 is the correct
answer. 1 2 3 4

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 206

Q. 4) At beginning of internet, messages sent by e-mail were short and consisted of .......
1) pictures only 2) line and diagrams only
3) numbers only 4) text only
Elaboration : At the beginning of internet, systems were developed to send only text messages.
Hence, option 2 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 5) What is to the e-mail 1 attachment related to ............

1) The file attached to an email is called the attachment.
2) Blind Carbon Copy
3) Internet protocol
4) Name of the email server.
Elaboration : Normally we send files as an attachment along with mail. Hence, option 1 is
the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Questions for practice

Read the following statements and choose the correct options.

Q. 1) What is an email client ! choose the correct answer.
1) It's a unique string of characters that identifies an email account.
2) Electronic mail.
3) SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol.
4) It's a software programme or web application that enables users to send, receive
and store emails.

Q. 2) How can we differentiate the email that we have read and the email that we have
not read!
1) The unread mail will be red.
2) The unread mail will be bold.
3) The unread mail will be in separate folder.
4) The unread mail will be in starred folder.
Q. 3) At beginning of internet, messages sent by e-mail were short and consisted of -
1) Pictures only.
2) Line and diagrams only
3) Numbers only.
4) Text only.

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 207

 Sub Unit - 5.5 : Websites

Let's understand :
Website is a place connected to the Internet, where a company, organization, etc. puts information
that can be found on the World Wide Web. Tim Berners-Lee, a British scientist, invented the World
Wide Web (WWW) in 1989.
A website is a collection of files accessed through a web address, covering a particular theme or
subject, and managed by a particular person or organization. Its opening page is called a home page.
Websites play an important role in all fields. It is a portal through which everyone can access
data. It is a powerful marketing and recruitment tool. In many ways, a website is the face of an
organization or institute, it should be designed with care and attention to detail. The following tips
will help you to make sure your website is up to the mark.
Nine Steps to Create Your Website :
 Identify Your Website's Purpose.
 Choose Your Domain Name.
 Choose a Web Hosting Provider.
 Choose and Install a Website Builder.
 Customize Your Website.
 Add E-Commerce to Your Website.
 Optimize Your Site for Organic Search.
 Publish Your Website.

Model Questions

Q. 1) The use of technology to enhance learning process is called .......... in education?

1) IT 2) ICT
3) Information technology 4) Communication technology
Elaboration : As per education is concern, to enhance learning process use of technology is
called ICT. Hence, option 2 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 2) .................... was the first district wide e-literacy project in India.

1) C- DIT 2) IT @ school. 3) NIC 4) Akshaya
Elaboration : The Akshaya project first started in the rural areas of Malappuram district of
Kerala, India and has now spread all around the state. The project was the first
district-wide computer literacy project in India and one of the largest known
Internet Protocol (IP) based wireless networks in the world. Hence, option 4 is
the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 208

Q. 3) ..................... is a spreadsheet program.
1) MS Word 2) MS Excel 3) MS Dos 4) MS PowerPoint
Elaboration : As spreadsheets relates to MS excel. Hence, option 2 is the correct answer.
1 2 3 4

Q. 4) It comes from the Greek word 'techne" which means an art or craft.
1) Technique 2) Technology 3) Technician 4) Telepathy
Elaboration : Etymologically the word 'techne' comes from Greek word. Hence, option 2 is
the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 5) Choose the output device from the following.

1) UPS 2) Printer 3) Magnetic 4) Scanner
Elaboration : Scanner scan the documents for storage. UPS only support power, printer is a
output device, magnetic not relates to storage. Hence, option 2 is the correct answer.
1 2 3 4

Questions for practice

Q. 1) Websites can be broadly classified into .......................... main types.

1) Four 2) Two 3) Five 4) Three
Q. 2) ........................... are easy to create.
1) websites 2) dynamic 3) e-commerce 4) business
Q. 3) Website is a collection of ....................... .
1) codes 2) signals 3) web pages 4) Programmes
Q. 4) we can search websites with ......................... .
1) smart phone 2) i-phone
3) web browser 4) private network only
Q. 5) ................... is known as an inventor of website.
1) Berkley 2) Tim Berners-Lee
3) Buckner 4) Stephan
Q. 6) A ..................... website is one that changes or customizes itself frequently and
automatically.
1) static 2) e-commerce 3) dynamic 4) business
Q. 7) A blog is an .................. website.
1) interactive 2) commercial 3) informative 4) entertainment

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 209

Q. 8) A .................. is a fantastic method to increase your internet visibility.
1) personal web page 2) e-commerce website
3) Blog 4) Business

Q. 9) HTML stands for ................... .

1) Hyperlink and Text Mark-up Language.
2) Hypertext mark-up Language.
3) Hyperlink Mark-up Text Language.
4) Hypertext and Text Mark-up Language.

Q. 10) CSS stands for .................. .

1) Creative style sheet.
2) Cascading style sheet
3) Computer style sheet
4) Complete style sheet.

Sub Unit - 5.6 : SMS/Messaging

Let's understand :
SMS (Short Message Service), commonly referred to as 'text messaging,' is a service for sending
short messages of up to 160 characters (224 character limit if using a 5-bit mode) to mobile devices,
including cellular phones and smart phones.
 How can you write SMS messages that are clear and concise?

 Define your purpose.

 Keep it short and simple.

 Use proper grammar and punctuation.

 Check your spelling and note.

 Read and respond.

 Here's what else to consider.

 Text messaging abbreviations and shortcuts

 Here's a list of popular SMS (short message messaging shortcuts used)

 Reduce typing 'Internet slang'.

1) 2MORO - Tomorrow 6) G2 CU - Good to see you

2) ABT - About 7) GR8 - Great
3) ASAP - As Soon As Possible 8) H8 - Hate.
4) B4 - Before 9) HAGN - Have A Good Night
5) FWD - Forward 10) HAND - Have A Nice Day

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 210

 11) LMK - Let Me Know. 17) TY - Thank You.
12) KIS - Keep It Smile/Keep It Simple. 18) W8 - Wait
13) LBH - Let's Be Honest. 19) WBS - Write Back Soon.
14) SRY - sorry. 20) RN - Right Now
15) SYS - See You Soon. 21) TBD - To Be Decided
16) TC - Take Care.

Model Questions

Q. 1) SMS messages require ……… to be active.

1) The mobile phone 2) Internet service
3) Sim card. 4) Smart phones..
Elaboration : SMS can be received when sim card is active. Hence, option 3 is the correct
answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 2) SMS is abbreviation of ...................

1) Short Money Service 2) Short Memory Service
3) Short Message Service 4) Short Mem Service.
Elaboration : sms is actually short message service. Hence, option 3 is the correct answer.
1 2 3 4

Q. 3) What short form will you use for Good morning..

1) JM 2) GN 3) GA 4) GM
Elaboration : First letters of Good Morning is GM. Hence, option 4 is the correct answer.
1 2 3 4

Q. 4) Limit of characters for sending SMS through mobiles?

1) up to 160 characters 2) up to 130 characters.
3) up to 30 characters 4) more than 160 character
Elaboration : SMS is actually short message service. Hence, option 1 is the correct answer.
1 2 3 4

Questions for practice

Read the questions carefully and choose the correct alternative.

Q. 1) SMS messages do not require ………. to be active
1) mobile phone 2) internet service
3) website 4) none of above

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 211

Q. 2) ............. will be held for a number of days until the phone is device and within
range.
1) Phone. 2) Message 3) internet. 4) Web
Q. 3) "Which of the following short forms will you use when you are giving SMS to
your colleagues?
1) HH 2) JLY 3) HAND 4) J/K.
Q. 4) What does sys mean?
1) seems you are silly. 2) see you soon.
3) Seems you are sorry. 4) say why so?
Q. 5) Which of the following short forms will you express your feelings to your sick
friends?
1) TC 2) U2. 3) YW. 4) THX

Sub Unit - 5.7 : Slogans

Let's understand :
A slogan is a short phrase that is easy to remember.
 It expresses an idea or purpose.
 It is a short, memorable phrase to emphasize something.
 Slogans are often used to capture the attention of the listeners.

Model Questions

Q. 1) 'Save environment, .........................' (Choose two correct options and complete the
given slogan.)
1) save human being 2) save electricity
3) save our soul 4) save vehicles
Elaboration : Options (1) and (3) correctly explain the meaning of the slogan. Hence, options
1 and 3 are the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 2) Choose two options which related with the given slogans.

a) Health is wealth. b) Sound mind in sound body.
c) Be happy, be healthy. d) Don't sit, to be fit.
1) Importance of exercise 2) Keys too good health
3) Ways of saving money 4) Benefits of study
Elaboration : Options (1) and (2) are related with given slogans. Hence, options 1 and 2 are
the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 212

Q. 3) Complete the given slogan by choosing correct option.
'Eat right, be .....................................'
1) fight 2) might 3) knight 4) bright
Elaboration : Option (4) completes the meaning of the given slogan. Hence, option 4 is the
correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 4) Choose the subject related to following slogan.

'Don't spoil, don't defile.'
1) Earth 2) Education 3) Cleanliness 4) Nature
Elaboration : Option (3) is related to the given slogan. Hence, option 3 is the correct answer.
1 2 3 4

Q. 5) Complete the slogan by choosing correct option.

Hate ................., love Humanity.
1) education 2) friends 3) pollution 4) nature
Elaboration : Option (3) completes the appropriate meaning of the given slogan. Hence,
option 3 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Questions for practice

Choose the correct option and complete the given slogan.

Q. 1) Every ............... is the winner.
1) player 2) writer 3) beginner 4) leader
Q. 2) Complete the given slogan by choosing correct option.
A ................ will change your future.
1) money 2) will 3) tense 4) shall
Q. 3) Choose the correct option and complete the given slogan.
Like ............ is to life, education is to survive freedom.
1) carbon dioxide 2) oxygen
3) air 4) hydrogen
Q. 4) Complete the given slogan by choosing correct option.
East or West, ............. is the best .
1) red 2) blue 3) green 4) white
Q. 5) Choose the correct option and complete the given slogan.
The best ................ of pollution, is dilution.
1) type 2) use 3) benefit 4) solution

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 213

 Sub Unit - 5.8 : Dialogue Writing

Let's understand :
Dialogue writing means a conversation between two or more people. Here the persons exchange
their ideas and thoughts. 'Dia' means two 'logue' - means conversation.
What is Dialogue writing?
The term 'dialogue' is something all of you would be familiar with. As social beings, people
(irrespective of being young or old, male or female) communicate with each other. Such a
communication where both parties involved in the conversation have something to say about the
topic being discussed can be said to be dialogue. A dialogue can be on any topic - a very simple
talk about a daily chore, a serious talk about a social or medical problem, a discussion about
what has to be done for an event and so on. The only point that you should remember is that a
dialogue isn't just any conversation but a conversation between two people specifically.

Model Questions
Read the dialogue and choose the correct alternatives :
Father : Who is the headmaster of your school?
Son : Mr. Amol Parab is our headmaster.
Father : Is he a strict man?
Son : Yes, he is very strict about discipline.
Father : Which subject he teaches?
Son : He teaches math for class 10.
Father : When do you have your final exams?
Son : Our exams will commence from 25th of Oct.
Father : Are you prepared for exams?
Son : Yes, I am prepared.
Father : That's fine. Do your best.
Son : Thank you Papa.
Q. 1) Who is the headmaster of the school?
1) Mr. Amol Parab 2) Mr. Anil Parab
3) Mr. Amol Paral 4) Mr. Amole Parab
Elaboration : Other names are not mentioned in the dialogue. Hence, option 3 is the correct
answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 2) Which subject does the Headmaster teache?

1) Marathi 2) Hindi
3) Mathematics 4) Montessori
Elaboration : The other subjects are not mentioned in the dialogue. Hence, option 3 is the
correct answer. 1 2 3 4
School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 214
Q. 3) When will be the exams commence ?
1)10th Oct 2) 20th Oct. 3) 28th Oct. 4) 25th Oct.
Elaboration : The dates of exams is mentioned in the dialogue. Hence, option 4 is the correct
answer. 1 2 3 4

Questions for practice

Dialogue - 1
Read the dialogue and choose the correct alternatives.
Prashant : Hi Ravi! Eating a Pizza as usual? Whenever I see you, you are either
eating Pizza or enjoying panipuri.
Ravi : Well, I like my food to be tasty.
Prashant : Taste is all right. But what about the health issues?
Ravi : I don't care about it. Have I ever fallen sick?
Prashant : My dear friend, today you are very well. But it is bad for your stomach.
You will face difficulties in future.
Ravi : Then what do you think I should prefer?
Prashant : Have fresh vegetables or a homemade food like Paratha, Idlis, Poha etc.
They are healthier than market junk foods. You may face stomach related
diseases.
Ravi : Ok Prashant, I will try to change my food habits.
Prashant : Please follow it, if you want to live a healthy life.
Ravi : Thank you Prashant. Ok bye.
Prashant : Ok bye, take care Ravi.

Q. 1) Which food items does Ravi love to eat?

1) Poha and Paratha
2) Idli and Poha
2) Poha and Panipuri
4) Pizza and Panipuri
Q. 2) Which are the market junk foods?
1) Poha and paratha
2) Idli and Poha
3) Pizza and Panipuri
4) Paratha

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 215

Q. 3) What difficulties will Ravi face in future?
1) Healthy life
2) Stomach related diseases
3) Health issues
4) Option 2 and 3

Dialogue - 2
Read the dialogue and choose the correct alternatives.
(Rakesh and Rita are at a party)
Rakesh : Hello
Rita : Hi !
Rakesh : My name is Rakesh. What's your name ?
Rita : My name is Rita. Nice to meet you.
Rakesh : It's a pleasure. This is a great party!
Rita : Yes, it is. Where are you from?
Rakesh : I'm from Amsterdam.
Rita : Amsterdam? Are you a German?
Rakesh : No I am not a German, I am a Dutch.
Rita : Oh you are a Dutch. Sorry about that.
Rakesh : What about you? Where are you from?
Rita : I am from London but I am not British.
Rakesh : So, are you an Indian.
Rita : Well, my parents were Spanish, so I'm Spanish, too.
Rakesh : That's very interesting. Spain is a beautiful country.
Rita : Thank you. It is a wonderful place.

Q. 1) Rakesh is ......................
1) German 2) Dutch
3) British 4) Indian
Q. 2) Rita is from ....................
1) British 2) London
3) Spain 4) India
Q. 3) Rita's parents are .................
1) British 2) from London
3) Spanish 4) from India

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 216

 Sub Unit - 5.9 : Letter Writing

Let's understand :
A letter means written message conveyed from one person or group of people to another
through a medium. Letters based on their contents, formalities, the purpose of letter writing etc.
Mainly two types of letter writing.
1) Formal Letter : These letters follow a certain pattern and formality. They are strictly kept
professional in nature, and directly address the issues concerned. eg Enquiry,Complaint
2) Informal Letter : These are personal letters. They contain personal information or are a
written conversation. Informal letters are generally written to friends, acquaintances, relatives
etc. eg Congratulating letter, apologizing letter.
Guidelines for letter writing...
1) The first step of the letter writing,to identify the type of letter you are to be writing.
eg. Writing to the principal of your college to ask for leave.
2) Make sure you open and close the letter correctly. eg. Formal letters open with a particular
structure and greeting that is formal in nature. Informal letters can be addressed to the
person's name or any informal greeting as the writer wishes.
3) Establish the main intent of the letter.
4) Be careful of the language eg. Polite and considerate.
5) The other important factors eg. length, to the point, precise and short.

Formal Letter Format Informal Letter Format

Name of the Sender Name of the Sender
Address Address
Date Date:
To
Designation/Name of the Recipient Salutation (Dear.......)
Name of the Dept/Office/Institute
Address Body of the letter
Paragraph 1 : Ask the person the well-being of......
Subject :
Paragraph 2 : The main reason to write the letter
Reference : (if necessary)
Paragraph 3 : Conclusion and end of the letter
Salutation (Sir/Madam)
Complimentary Close
Body of the Letter
Opening and reason behind the letter. Subscription
Content with the given points Name of the sender
Complimentary close,
Thanking you,
Subscription
Name of the sender

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 217

 Model Questions

Formal/Official letter :
You have sent a money order to your father of Rs.5000/-. He has not received it. Write a
letter to the Postmaster of your zone.
Yuval Jadhav
Sri Samarth Krupa,
Ayodhya Nagar,
Sangli-416416.
5th March, 2023.
To
The Postmaster,
Arag Post Office,
Sangli - 416416.
Sub. : Complaint about the loss of M.O.
Sir,
I would like to draw your attention to the following discrepancy observed at your P.O. I
have sent money order for Rs. 5000/- to my father. He has not yet received it. I sent the M.O.
on Monday, 12th February. The M.O. Receipt No. is N/450. My father is badly in need of money.
May I, therefore, request you look into the matter? Please do the needful and oblige.
Thanking you.
Yours sincerely,
Yuval Jadhav.

Read the above letter and answer the following questions.

Q. 1) What will you write in the heading?
1) Heading of a letter 2) Title of letter
3) A catchy and attractive title 4) Writer's address in top left corner
Elaboration : It is as per letter format. Hence, option 4 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 2) What will you write in as salutation in a formal letter?

1) Dear Pradeep 2) Dear friend 3) Sir 4) Dear friend Pradip
Elaboration : It is as per letter format regarding salutation. Hence, option 3 is the correct
answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 3) What care will you take while writing the body of a letter?
1) Be polite 2) Be point blank
3) Write strong straight sentences 4) Add irrelevant content to bring humour
Elaboration : The format of body letter is very clear. Hence, option 1 is the correct
answer. 1 2 3 4

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 218

 Questions for practice

Q. 1) How will you end an informal letter?

1) I'd like to suggest 2) See you soon
3) This is to inform you 4) Congratulations
Q. 2) Choose correct expression used in an informal letter given below.
1) Yours faithfully 2) Only for you
3) Yours sincerely 4) Yours lovingly
Q. 3) What is written in the signature.
1) subscription 2) address 3) salutation 4) first name
Q. 4) What are the types of letters?
1) formal 2) informal 3) none of the above 4) option 1 and 2
Q. 5) What is not important in writing informal letter?
1) address 2) subject 3) salutation 4) subscription

Sub Unit - 5.10 : Interview

Let's understand :
An interview is a formal meeting in which person or persons question, assess and evaluate
another person or persons. An interview is a sequence of questions through which an interviewer
reveals another person's life and contribution to the audience. An interview reveals the views, ideas
and attitudes of the person being interviewed as well as the skills of the interviewer. Reporters,writers
have meetings with eminent personalities to ask the questions to gather material for a media story
or broadcast. Currently on various social media platforms too we see interviews of sports person,
well known personality, businessman, educationist, politician, economist, doctor, award winners
etc. through which others get inspired from their applauding work.
In Human Resource Management, interviews are taken for the purpose of selection of
candidates for job or a promotion, for the periodical appraisal of the employees, to listen to his/
her grievances. According to the changed scenario interviews can also be taken online to save time
and travel expenses, if the interviewee and interviewer are at different places. An interview for an
employment is an unavoidable experience in everybody's life. It needs good preparation by both
the interviewer and the candidate. The candidate must be physically, mentally and psychologically
prepared for the interview. The whole personality of the candidate is assessed and revealed in the
interview. There are some Do's and Don'ts for an interview.
Do's Dont's
Properly groomed and formally dressed. Don't sit until asked.
Posture that is carriage and bearing. Avoid bad habitual movements.

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 219

 Do's Dont's
Good manners and conduct. Don't offer to shake hand unless offered.
Maintain comfortable posture throughout the Don't put elbows or hands on the table.
interview.
Say 'Thank you' to the interviewer at the end. Don't argue.
Honesty in answering questions is the best policy. Avoid poor impressions.

Model Questions

An Interview with Dr. Abdul Kalam

Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam was the 11th President of India in 2002. He was born on
15th October, 1931 in Rameswaram. He was an inspiring teacher and a narrative author and a great
Scientist. He spent nearly forty years as a Scientist working at the Defence Research and Development
Organization and later at the Indian Space Research Organisations.
My Interview with Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam -
Ms. Ritu Sharma : Dr. Abdul Kalam, I have heard that your childhood has been extremely difficult.
Can you please tell me more about it ?
Dr. Kalam : I was born as Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam on 15th October, 1931 in
a Muslim family in Rameshwaram. My father was a boat owner while mother
was a housewife. I had four older siblings. Even though my ancestors were
wealthy traders. We lost most of our fortunes in 1920. I had to sell newspapers
for the sake of my family. Even though my family was not financially well off,
my siblings and I were raised in an atmosphere of love. I fondly remember how
lovingly our mother would give us food but remain hungry herself.
Ms. Ritu Sharma : Ok. and Dr. we all make mistakes at times so what can we learn from them?
Dr. Kalam : You cannot change your future, but you can change your habits and surely your
habits can change the future.
Ms. Ritu Sharma : Why are you known as Missile Man of India?
Dr. Kalam : I am known as Missile Man of India due to my work on development of ballistic
missile and space rocket technology.
Ms. Ritu Sharma : What is the name of your Biography?
Dr. Kalam : Wings of Fire.
Ms. Ritu Sharma : When did you receive India's highest civilian honour Bharat Ratna ?
Dr. Kalam : I received Bharat Ratna in the year 1997.
Ms. Ritu Sharma : Now could you please tell me the secret of your success?
Dr. Kalam : I have 10 main rules and they are -
 Keep learning  Leader must know how to handle failure.
 Peace comes from strength  Team management

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 220

  Vision  Take decision
 Inspire by your work  Love your work
 Work with great people  Love your art
Ms. Ritu Shrama : So, Dr. Kalam  ! What small piece of encouragement would you like to give
children?
Dr. Kalam : They should just keep learning and you know they should follow the 10 rules
I spoke about earlier.
Thank you, Dr. Kalam. We had a wonderful interview today. Thank you for your
precious time and goodbye.

Read the above interview and answer the following questions.

Q. 1) Interview is a meeting between two or more persons for ......................... .
1) interrogating one another. 2) to assess and evaluate another person.
3) for job seeking only. 4) all above.
Elaboration : Interview is to assess and evaluate another person. Hence, option 2 is the correct
answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 2) The person whose interview is taken is called ..................... .

1) Interviewer 2) Interviewed. 3) Interviewee. 4) Introducer.
Elaboration : According to the definition of interview, the person whose interview is taken is
called as interviewee. Hence, option 3 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 3) In above given example interviewee is ............................

1) Ms. Ritu Sharma
2) Missile Man
3) Dr. Avul Pakair Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam.
4) Option 2 and 3
Elaboration : In the above given example the interviewee is Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam and his
full name is Dr. Avul Pakair Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam and he also called as
Missile Man. Hence, option 4 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4
Q. 4) Dr. Kalam's work on development of ballistic missile and space rocket technology
earned him a reputation as a ................... .
1) An educationist. 2) Man of Fire. 3) Missile Man 4) Wings of Fire.
Elaboration : Dr. Kalam's work on development of ballistic missile and space rocket
technology earned him a reputation as a Missile Man. Hence, option 3 is the
correct answer. 1 2 3 4

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 221

Q. 5) In an interview one must prepare oneself
1) psychologically 2) mentally 3) physically 4) all above
Elaboration : An interview reveals the views, ideas and attitudes of the person being
interviewed, so in an interview one must prepare oneself psychologically,
mentally, physically. Hence, option 4 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Interview - 1
Read the interview and choose the correct alternatives.
Interviewer : Hello! I'm Connor from the Entertainment Magazine. I'd like to ask you a few
questions.
Interviewee : Hi Connor. It's nice to meet you. Ask any questions you want.
Interviewer : First, what do you feel is your biggest achievement ?
Interviewee : I think. My biggest achievement has been becoming a professional actress and being
respected by my colleagues.
Interviewer : And tell me Selena....What are you passionate about?
Interviewee : Oh ! so many things ! My friends, my family, my work. And of course, my pets.
Interviewer : So, Selena, where did you learn to act?
Interviewee : I went to a local School of Acting at a very young age. I learnt vocal and physical
skills. And I learnt to be fearless.
Interviewer : Who inspires you? Where do you get inspiration from ?
Interviewee : My mother is my greatest inspiration. She has had a difficult life, and had to raise
three children as a single mother. She worked extremely hard to provide for us, but
I never saw her complain.
Interviewer : And Selena, what's your biggest challenge now ?
Interviewee : Life gets in the way sometimes. I'm so busy ! I need to make time for myself and my
family.
Interviewer : What is your favourite movie ?
Interviewee : I like science fiction movies. For example, I like Star Wars, Midnight Sky and
Inception... movies with imagination.
Interviewer : What do you think about paparazzi ?
Interviewee : I don't like them. All those flashing cameras. I try to avoid them as much as possible.
Interviewer : What would you do, if you couldn't find any more work?
Interviewee : Oh, no problem. I would retire to a little village by the sea.
Interviewer : And one final question Selena, what’s the next step in your career?
Interviewee : I've got a movie coming up about moving to live on Mars. It's a romantic drama on
Mars. It's very exciting !
Interviewer : I look forward to it, Selena. Thanks for your time. It was a pleasure to speak to you.

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 222

Q. 1) In above interview Selena is ....................................
1) Interviewer 2) Interviewee 3) an actress 4) option 2 and 3
Q. 2) Connor, the interviewer belongs to the…
1) Entertainment world 2) Sports world
3) Entertainment magazine 4) None of the above
Q. 3) In acting one needs the following things
1) vocal skills 2) physical skills 3) fearless 4) all above
Q. 4) The person who took interview is ...................
1) Selena 2) Professional actress
3) Connor 4) None of the above
Q. 5) In interview the word 'Paparazzi', it means ..................
1) person
2) photographer who follows famous personality secretly to get pictures of them
3) follower of a person
4) none of the above
Sub Unit - 5.11 : Report Writing

Let's understand :
A report is a document that presents information in a structured and organised manner. Writing
a report in a sequential manner means presenting the information in a logical order, following
a sequence or progression. This helps the reader to understand the content easily and follow the
flow of information. Therefore, writing a report in a sequential manner is the correct approach.

Model Questions

1) Our school arranged a science exhibition recently. Prepare a report for your school magazine.
Make use of the following points.
 Day and Time.  Chief guest and inaugurations

 Details about stall and project  How did the day end?
th

 The Science Exhibition  25 October, 2023.
The Science Exhibition
h
25t October 2023
I am a student of Janata Vidyalaya, Pune. My school is famous for arranging different
types of programmes. We get very valuable information from these programmes. My school
arranged a science exhibition on 15th and 16th October, 2020 at 10.00 am. Dr. Rupesh
Mali was the chief guest of the exhibition. The exhibition was inaugurated by the hands of
Dr. Mali who was the President of Rotary Club, Pune. He lit the lamps and offered pooja to the

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 223

 Goddess, Saraswati. The entire atmosphere became very happy. The headmaster of our school
Mr. Pawar Sir gave the opening speech. In this speech, he encouraged the students to develop their
creativity. The chief guest, Dr. Mali spoke about the importance of the exhibition. The inauguration
programme ended with the speech of thanks. This science exhibition started at 11.00 am. There
were many stalls of different projects in the auditorium hall. The students presented many models
and machines to save pollution. The students and the parents visited this exhibition very eagerly.
70 school teams participated in this exhibition which lasted for two days up to the afternoon of
the 16th December 2020. The examining body observed and inspected the projects and selected
three projects for the exhibition for district level. Our school secured third position in it.
Read the above report of the science exhibition and find the correct answers of the
questions by choosing the correct options.
Q. 1) What is the head line of the report?
1) The Science Exhibition 2) 25th October 2023
3) Fan-fair programme 4) School gathering
Elaboration : The above-mentioned report is about the science exhibition and not about the fan
fair programme or school gathering. Hence, option 1 is the correct answer.
1 2 3 4

Q. 2) Who is the chief guest of the science exhibition?

1) Dr. Rupesh Patil 2) Dr. Rupesh Mali
3) Dr. Ram Pawar 4) Rotary Club
Elaboration : The chief guest of the exhibition is mentioned in the 4th line. Hence, option 2
is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 3) What is the topic of the above report ?

1) Story writing 2) School examination
3) Science exhibition 4) Personal information
Elaboration : The above-mentioned report is about science exhibition arranged in school.
Hence, option 3 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 4) ................. visited this exhibition very eagerly ?

1) Only students. 2) Only citizens
3) The students and the parents 4) Only parents
Elaboration : The students and the parents visited this exhibition very eagerly. Hence,
option 3 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4
Q. 5) The Science Exhibition held on ....................
1) 25th October, 2021 2) 25th October, 2022
3) 25th October, 2024 4) 25th October, 2023
Elaboration : The above mentioned Science Exhibition held on 25th October, 2023. Hence
option 4 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4
School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 224
 Questions for practice

Q. 1) A report or account is an :
1) Informational work 2) Technical work
3) Professional work 4) None of these
Q. 2) Report are often used to display the result of :
1) Experiment 2) Investigation
3) Inquiry 4) All of the above
Q. 3) Common formats for report writing are :
1) Introduction 2) Method 3) Option 1 and 2   4) Inform
Q. 4) The correct approach for writing a report should be in a ..................
1) genre based 2) advanced
3) sequential manner 4) social manner
Q. 5) Report use features as :
1) Mobile 2) Graphics and Images
3) Method 4) Account
2) Read the following report and give the answer to the questions by choosing correct options.

HOW TO PREVENT CRUELTY TOWARDS ANIMALS

Bangalore, 4th March, 20xx
Senior Secondary School, Bangalore conducted a seminar on ‘How to prevent cruelty towards
animals’ last week. The Health Minister was the Chief Guest. About 40 city Z. P. Schools
participated in the seminar. Most of the participants felt concern about the miserable plight of
the animals. A peace rally was organised for preventing cruelty towards animals since they too
have life and them. It was highlighted by all the speakers that animals are our best friends but
we are their worst enemies. Pamphlets classifying the importance of animals were distributed.
The seminar created awareness not to treat the animals ruthlessly. They should not be overloaded
and maltreated. The good speakers were awarded.

Q. 1) The above mentioned report is related to ...

1) a seminar 2) about science exhibition
3) school management 4) about weather
Q. 2) The head line of the report is ........... .
1) How to prevent fire in school
2) How to prevent cruelty towards animals
3) How to present school presentation
4) None of the above
School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 225
Q. 3) Who conducted the seminar on 'How to prevent cruelty towards animals?'
1) Secondary school of Mumbai
2) School minister
3) Secondary school of students college
4) Senior Secondary School, Bangalore
Q. 4) The seminar created awareness ...............
1) not to treat the animals ruthlessly.
2) to treat the animals ruthlessly.
3) to treat humans as human beings.
4) all of the above

3) Read the following report and choose the correct options of the questions.

REPORT ON SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM HELD AT MMD SCHOOL, NASHIK

- By Manas Muthe, Editor of the school magazine
A symposium was organised on 1st March, 2023 in the school on the topic “Effect of Pollution
on Quality of Life''. All the science students were a part of the elucidate programme.
The event started with the felicitation of the guest speakers. Thereafter, the participants were
greeted by Mr. Suraj Prakash. He acquainted them with the objectives and goals of the workshop.
The resource person Dr. Hari Om Gupta reflected his profound knowledge on the topic and
highlighted how important it is to curb the menace of pollution. An exalting demonstration of
the effects of pollution on our lives galvanised the engrossed participants. After the lunch break
Dr. K. K. Arora, Resource Person, exhibited the possible steps that can be undertaken at the
personal level to reduce pollution. It was followed by another session on the basic concept behind
pollution reduction which triggered the young minds into thinking innovative ways.
An interactive concourse ignited the inquisitiveness of participants. They have committed
themselves completely to bring about a change in the situation. The informative workshop
culminated with a vote of thanks proposed by the head of the science department.

Q. 1) What is the topic of the report?

1) School farewell function 2) Science symposium
3) School gathering 4) School exhibition
Q. 2) When did the Science Symposium organise?
1) On 1st March, 2023 2) On 10th March, 2022
3) On 1st April, 2023 4) On 2nd March, 2023

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 226

Q. 3) Who is the editor of the school magazine ?
1) Manoj Patil
2) Mrunal Karle
3) Manas Muthe
4) Monica Muthe
Q. 4) The symposium was on the topic .......
1) The effect of green house
2) The effect of pollution
3) Effect of Pollution on Quality of Life
4) None of the all
Q. 5) In this symposium who proposed the vote of thanks ?
1) The head of the science department
2) Mr. Dr. K. K. Arora
3) Manas Muthe
4) Mr. Suraj Prakash

Sub Unit - 5.12 : Quotations

Let's understand :
A quotation is the repetition of a sentence, phrase or passage from speech or text that someone
has said or written. The word Quote has originated from the word quote which means said. There
is a difference between Quote and Quotation.
Types of Quotation :
Direct Quotation : A writer copied word to word sentences of the actual speaker. In this case
Quotation Mark is Mandatory.
Indirect Quotation : Writer paraphrase from another source (not the same way but in his own
words In this case there is no need of Quotation marks)
Life quotes are meaningful and inspirational statements or expressions that offer insights,
wisdom and perspectives on various aspects of life. These quotes often come from philosophers,
writers, public figures, and ordinary people who have shared their thoughts and experiences.
Life quotes are intended to provide guidance, motivation, and reflection on the human experience.
They can cover a wide range of topics, including love, happiness, success, challenges, personal
growth, and the meaning of life. Life quotes can be found in literature, speeches, social media, and
various forms of self-help or personal development literature.
Here's an example of a life quote by Albert Einstein: "Life is like riding a bicycle. To keep
your balance, you must keep moving." This quote suggests that in life, we need to keep moving
forward and adapting to maintain our balance and progress.

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 227

 Model Questions
Choose the correct alternative.
Q. 1) Well ................... is better than well said.
1) Begin 2) Done 3) Being 4) End
Elaboration : Action (physical) speaks louder than words (oral or verbal). Hence, option 2 is
the correct answer. 1 2 3 4
Q. 2) Be .................... everyone else is already taken.
1) Yourself 2) Like others 3) Positive 4) Negative
Elaboration : The most suitable answer is yourself as the given sentence means one should
not try to imitate or copy others. Hence, option 1 is the correct answer.
1 2 3 4

Q. 3) Darkness cannot drive out darkness, only .................... can do that.

1) Darkness 2) Twinkle 3) Light 4) Vision
Elaboration : The most suitable answer is 'Light' since it's a contrast and it also talks about bad
times (darkness) and good times (light). Hence, option 3 is the correct answer.
1 2 3 4

Q. 4) To err is human to forgive is ..............

1) inhuman 2) cruel 3) heaven 4) divine
Elaboration : The correct answer is 'divine' as to commit a mistake is a human tendency
whereas to forgive someone is a Quality of God. (divine). Hence, option 4 is
the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 5) Ask not what your country has done for you, ask what you have done for your
.................
1) your country 2) yourself 3) family. 4) Children.
Elaboration : The correct answer is 'Your country' as it is a famous quotation of Abraham
Lincoln which speaks about patriotism, love for our country. It is rhythmic as
well. Hence, option 1 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Questions for practice

Choose the correct alternative :

Q. 1) All that glitters is not ..............
1) Silver 2) White 3) Gold 4) Teeth
Q. 2) Knowledge is ................
1) Entertainment 2) Power 3) Irrelevant 4) Funny

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 228

Q. 3) United we stand, ................. we fall.
1) Nations 2) Committed 3) Divided 4) Worried
Q. 4) Only way to do great work is to ................ what you do.
1) Love 2) Hate 3) Leave 4) Sense
Q. 5) A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single ...............
1) Shot 2) Step 3) Ticket 4) Smile.
Sub Unit - 5.13 : Comprehension
Let's understand :
Comprehension is the ability to process written text, understand its meaning, and to integrate
with what the reader already knows. Reading comprehension relies on two abilities that are
connected to each other: word reading and language comprehension.
Pre requisites of Reading :
1) Practice Regularly :
Reading regularly is the most effective way to improve. Make it a daily habit.
2) Choose Diverse Materials :
Read a variety of materials, from books to articles, newspapers, and more. This will expand
your vocabulary and comprehension.
3) Take Notes :
Jot down important points or unfamiliar words as you read. This helps with retention and
understanding.
4) Expand Your Vocabulary :
When you encounter a new word, take the time to learn its meaning and usage. Use tools
like a dictionary or context clues.
5) Read Aloud :
Reading aloud can improve your comprehension and pronunciation.
6) Set Goals :
Challenge yourself with reading goals. Start with shorter texts and gradually move to more
complex materials.
7) Focus on Comprehension :
Ensure you understand what you're reading. If you don't, go back and reread or seek additional
resources to clarify.
8) Eliminate Distractions :
Find a quiet, comfortable place to read where you can concentrate.
9) Join a Book Club :
Discussing what you've read with others can depend on your understanding and provide new
perspectives.
10) Be Patient :
Improving reading skills takes time. Don't get discouraged if it's a slow process; with
persistence, you'll see progress.

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 229

 1. The Faithful Dog
Once there lived a man in a village. He had a baby. The baby's mother had died soon
after his birth. He loved him very much. He also had a faithful dog. The dog was eager to
serve his master. One day, the baby had high fever. The father went to the town to bring
medicine for it. He left the baby in the cradle. The dog was there to look after it. The father
was came back as quickly as he could. In the old man's absence, a wolf entered the house.
After sometime, the old man returned with the medicine. He saw that the paws and the mouth
of the dog were covered with blood. He thought that the dog had killed his baby. While the
dog was licking his master feet, he shot the pet dead. When the man went into the bedroom, he
found the baby sleeping in the cradle. He also saw a wolf lying dead nearby. When the man
saw that his baby was live but sleeping he was so sad because he had killed his dog. Once he
realized his folly but it was too late. He felt guilty and repented for his blunder.

Model Questions

Read the extract and choose the correct alternatives.

Q. 1) What was the reason the man shot his faithful dog?
1) The man believed the dog attacked the baby.
2) The dog had stolen food.
3) The dog was sick and needed medical attention.
4) The man was afraid the dog might harm him.
Elaboration : The man shot his dog because he mistakenly believed the dog had harmed the
baby. Hence, option 1 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4
Q. 2) What was the main emotion the man felt when he found his baby safe but asleep?
1) Happiness 2) Relief 3) Regret 4) Frustration
Elaboration : The man felt sadness and regret for killing his faithful dog when he found his
baby safe. Hence, option 3 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4
Q. 3) What was the actual reason for the blood on the dog's paws and mouth?
1) The dog attacked the wolf. 2) The dog was injured while playing.
3) The dog was sick and bleeding. 4) The dog had killed the baby.
Elaboration : The dog had attacked and killed the wolf. Hence, option 1 is the correct
answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 4) What lesson does the story of 'The Faithful Dog' teach ?

1) Trust your instincts. 2) Act before thinking.
3) Pride comes before a fall. 4) Don't keep pets.
Elaboration : The story's moral is "Act before you think." Hence, option 2 is the correct
answer. 1 2 3 4

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 230

Q. 5) What did the man realize after shooting his dog ?
1) His dog was disloyal. 2) He should have left his baby alone.
3) He needed to get a new pet. 4) He made a terrible mistake.
Elaboration : The man realized he had made a terrible mistake by shooting his loyal dog.
Hence, option 4 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Questions for practice

Q. 1-5) Read the poem and complete activities given below :

Weavers, weaving at break of day,

Why do you weave a garment so gay ? ...
Blue as the wing of a halcyon wild,
We weave the robes of a new-born child.
Weavers, weaving at fall of night,
Why do you weave a garment so bright ? ...
Like the plumes of a peacock, purple and green.
We weave the marriage-veils of a queen.
Weavers, weaving solemn and still,
What do you weave in the moonlight chill? …
White as a feather and white as a cloud,
We weave a dead man's funeral shroud.
- Sarojini Naidu

Q. 1) What do the weavers weave at break of day?

1) Garments for a peacock 2) Robes for a child
3) Funeral shrouds 4) Wedding veils
Q. 2) Why do they weave a bright garment at the fall of night?
1) For a new-born child 2) For a queen’s wedding
3) For a dead man’s shroud 4) For a halcyon bird
Q. 3) What do the weavers create in the moonlight chill?
1) Garments for a peacock 2) Robes for a child
3) Funeral shrouds 4) Wedding veils
Q. 4) Which colour is associated with the robes woven for a new-born child?
1) Blue 2) Purple
3) Green 4) White
School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 231
Q. 5) Pick out the rhyming word from the first stanza in the poem.
1) Still - chill 2) Night - bright 3) Cloud - shroud 4) Day - gay
Q. 6-10) Read each question and mark or write the correct answer.
The Big Game
Jen is in a baseball team. There are ten kids in her team. They are called the West Cows. Their
shirts and hats are green. Today is their big baseball game. They play the South Robins. Their
shirts and hats are red. The Robins were the best team last year. The Cows want to be the best
team this year. First, they have to beat Robins. Jen feels happy and scared. She loves to play
baseball. She is afraid the Cows will lose. The score is four to four. It is a tie game. It is Jen's
turn to hit. She steps up to the plate. The ball comes fast. Jen hits the ball far. She gets to third
base. John was in front of her. He gets to home plate. The Cows win !

Q. 6) What is the name of Jen's baseball team?

1) East Crows 2) West Cows 3) North Owls 4) South Robins
Q. 7) What colour are the shirts and hats of Jen's team, the West Cows?
1) Green 2) Red 3) Blue 4) Yellow
Q. 8) Who is the opposing team in the big baseball game?
1) West Cows 2) East Tigers 3) North Owls 4) South Robins
Q. 9) What colour are the shirts and hats of the South Robins?
1) Green 2) Red 3) Blue 4) Yellow
Q. 10) Which team was the best team last year?
1) West Cows 2) East Tigers 3) North Owls 4) South Robins

Sub Unit - 5.14 : Travelogue

Let's understand :
A travelogue is a truthful account of an individual’s experiences travelling, usually told in
the past tense and in the first person. A travelogue is then, in its most basic form, a spoken or
written account of an individual’s experiences travelling, which usually appears in the past tense,
in the first person, and with some verisimilitude. Of course, thoughts, feelings, and reflections are
important parts of our experience of travel. So, descriptions of a traveller’s inner world are not
out-of-place in the travelogue.
Likewise, notes and observations on history, society, and culture are also common features
of travelogues, as we certainly learn about the world when we travel.
What are the types of travelogues?
A travelogue can exist in the form of a book, a blog, a diary or journal, an article or essay,
a pod cast, a lecture, a narrated slide show, or in virtually every written or spoken form of creation.

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 232

Tips to write an excellent travelogue :
 Research the place.
 Write descriptively.
 Highlight various attractions.
 Write the ways and means to reach the destination.
 Mention good hotels.
 Write about out of the way attractions.
 Give cultural background.
 Mention do’s and don’ts of the place.

Model Questions

Nashik is a city in the state of Maharashtra with a population of about 2.3 million
people. This is an ancient holy city, also known as the Wine Capital of India, part of
the Mumbai - Pune - Nashik so-called "golden triangle of Maharashtra". It is a city of
pilgrimage for many Hindus, important for Hindu rituals for the after-life offerings, and
is also one of the four locations of the Kumbha Mela festival.
Nashik city has grown rapidly in the last five years encompassing all the villages
around it. Nashik is one of the world's holiest Hindu cities. Kumbhmela is held here once
in 12 years along with four other cities in India.
Cultural and social : Nashik is well known in India as a gateway city to travel to Shirdi
and Trambakeshwar which hosts one of the twelve Jyotirlingas of Lord Shiva.
It is believed that in antiquity, during transport, the drops of Amrit fell into the Brahma-
Kund at Trambakeshwar. This makes it one of the most popular religious travel
destinations of India. Nashik is also known as a transit station for devotees going to
Shirdi, the residence of Sai Baba (90 km from Nashik).
Living : Nashik is fairly cosmopolitan city. Marathi is the official language of the
city. This is the most common language spoken on the streets, most people may partial
understand Hindi and English. Attitudes of people in Nashik are liberal. The city used to
be very traditional and conservative, but now is an open-minded culture and is gradually
developing city.
Read and watch : Nashik is known for its art and literature contribution. Nashik has
one of the biggest public libraries.
Shri Dadasaheb Phalke - the founder of the Indian film industry comes from Nashik.
He started movie making in India with the mythological character 'Raja Harishchandra'
in 1913. This was the first movie in India. He made 95 movies and 26 short films in
the span of 19 years, till 1932 in Nashik.

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 233

 Bahinabai Chaudhary was a poetess who made poems in spoken Marathi. It was a
flawless creation in ample. Once her son realised the value of her poems, he started
writing it down. Her poems is an invaluable treasure of Marathi literature. The poems
reflect real day-to-day life in a rural setting describing the beautiful effects of nature on
her life. She also states the philosophy of life in simple humble words.
Q. 1) The word 'gateway' in the extract means .......
1) entrance point 2) building 3) place giving access to 4) transition
Elaboration : As per the extract ‘gateway’ in the extract means place giving access to
something. Hence, option 3 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4
Q. 2) Nashik is important city for many Hindus for the reason .................
1) of being a golden triangle
2) of being wine capital of India
3) of pilgrimage, for rituals for the after-life offerings, and also one of the four locations
of the Kumbha Mela festival.
4) none of the above
Elaboration : Nashik is one of the world's holiest Hindu cities. Kumbhmela is held here once
in 12 years along with four other cities in India. Hence, option 3 is the correct
answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 3) Things that considered while preparing 'travelogue' are

1) cultural background 2) various attractions nearby
3) historical background 4) all above
Elaboration : As per the points mentioned in the conceptual note all these things to be
considered while writing travelogue. Hence, option 4 is the correct answer.
1 2 3 4
Q. 4) 'It is believed that in antiquity' in this line 'antiquity' means
She advised that I .......................... curtail expenditure.
1) medieval time   2) recent past 3) ancient time 4) modern period
Elaboration : As the extract the meaning is ancient time. Hence, option 3 is the correct answer.
1 2 3 4

Q. 5) Choose the correct positive degree form of the given sentence. 'Nashik has one of
the biggest public libraries.'
1) Nashik has bigger public library than any other city.
2) Nashik has bigger public library than many/most other cities.
3) Very few cities have as big public library as Nashik.
4) No other city has as big public library as Nashik.
Elaboration : As per grammar rules the exact answer will be Very few cities have as big
public library as Nashik. Hence, option 3 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 234

 Questions for practice

VISIT TO GANGTOK
I wanted to take my family for a trip for a very long time and was trying to figure out
which destination would be best for the entire family to have a gala time. Since I always heard
about East India and how different it is from North and South India, we decided to go there.
Narrowing it down to Gangtok and Pelling, the two most visited spots in the East.
First day visit to the Gangtok city : We went on Gangtok city tour as a part of our Gangtok
and Pelling tour plan for 6 days. Firstly, we went to see the beautiful Banjakhri Falls and Energy
Park. What makes the fall special is that the energy park is constructed around it. Our next
attraction point was Tashu View Point. It was incredibly the best view points my family had
ever seen. One can admire the beauty of Sikkim from here and it is also a great place to take
photos. Next, we visited the peaceful Ganesh Tok, flower exhibition and few monasteries namely
Enchey Monastery, Dro Drul Chorte. The city tour was indeed one of the best experiences we
had on our trip. In the evening we visited wonderful M G Market.
Baba Harbhajan Mandir and Tsomga Lake : On the second day of our trip, we travelled to
Baba Mandir and Tsomgo Lake. At Baba Mandir, the travel agent took proper care of getting the
permit for us to enter the place. Constructed by the Indian Army itself in memory of Harbhajan
Singh, it was a great experience visiting this place. The way towards the temple is fully secured
by the Indian army. Indeed, it was a pleasure to talk with Indian soldiers. I was lucky as I met
a soldier who was belonging to Mumbai and my friend’s student. On our way back we visited
the Tsomgo Lake. We went on Yak rides near the Tsomgo Lake which was again a very good
experience. The temperature was really cold here as the lake is at a higher altitude.

Choose the correct option from the question given below.

Q. 1) Sikkim is located in India's ...........
1) Western   2) North Eastern Part 3) Eastern 4) North
Q. 2) The word 'altitude' in the extract means
1) Place    2) Height 3) Location 4) None of the above
Q. 3) 'Monasteries' are pleases of ...............
1) Hindu worship 2) Parsi worship
3) Buddhist worship 4) None of the above
Q. 4) In travelogue writing we should pay attention to
1) bus, train or air fare 2) historical and other sightseeing places
3) means to reach the destination 4) None of the above
Q. 5) Antonym of the word 'admire' is
1) appreciate 2) praise 3) criticize 4) blame

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 235

 Sub Unit - 5.15 : Leaflet

Let's understand :
Leaflet is a sheet of information about an event, incident, or anything people wants to share
with others. It is a small flat (single page) or folded sheet with printed matter on one side or both
sides. It is used to circulate information or promote product or services, often used to distribute as
newspaper inserts. It can be used as a powerful marketing tool.
Features of Leaflet :
 A bold title that will attract your reader's attention.
 A clear structure that is easy to read.
 Pictures for visual information and to make it eye catching.
 Summarise the key information in your leaflet into different sections using subheadings to
split up the page.
 Contact information so customers can get in touch.
Types of leaflet :
We differentiate the types of leaflets based on the uses or purposes of leaflets. There are
three main types of leaflet.
1)Business Leaflets : It includes the leaflets used for business promotions, advertisements, start-ups
sales and services, conference leaflets etc.
2) Educational Leaflets : These type of leaflets are designed to educate people about the
particular topic. For example government has distributed the leaflets about the Covid-19. It
contained the list of precautions to take during pandemic. Many clinical, social cause leaflets
can be designed under this category.
3) Charity/appeal Leaflets : These types of leaflets are intended for the people to appeal their
human side to come forward and donate, contribute to social causes.

Model Questions

Saurabh Constructions
We do it Best
What do we offer?
Making Your Dreams into Reality
 Design and Construction Planning
Company builds and construct the most Cost-
 Interior and Exterior
effective affordable homes.
 Building Maintenance
We provide state or art design and amenities.
 Overall Construction estimate
 System Installations
 For more information
 Contact and Visit us
022-2454545
www.saurabhconstructions.com

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 236

Q. 1) Choose the most appropriate meaning of the tagline 'We Do It Best'...
1) Only they can do it well.
2) Only 'Best' things they consider to work upon
3) They do it in a best possible way and leave the rest
4) They bring out the best of available means.
Elaboration : We derive the meaning from given leaflet as 'they bring out the best of available
means.' Hence, option 4 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4
Q. 2) 'Making your dream comes into a reality' is a ...................
1) Tagline 2) Headline
3) Most important line 4) Bottom-line
Elaboration : As per the concept of leaflet 'Making your dream comes into a reality' is a
headline. Hence, option 2 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 3) What are the services they don't offer ?

1) Construction and reconstruction
2) Design and planning
3) Building maintenance and planning
4) Interior and exterior remodelling
Elaboration : As per the services mentioned in the leaflet they don't offer construction and
reconstruction. Hence, option 1 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4
Q. 4) Identify the type of leaflet.
1) Business 2) Appeal
3) Educational 4) Charity
Elaboration : As per the conceptual idea provided above, this is categorised as Business
leaflet. Hence, option 1 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 5) This company has global presence it means ........... .

1) It works in different countries.
2) They provide their services worldwide.
3) Their client list includes customers from many countries
4) All of the above.
Elaboration : The meaning of the word global means they provide services to many countries
in the world. Hence, option 4 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 237

 Questions for practice
1)
Save the Earth

The earth is beginning to become

difficult planet to live because
contamination is increasing.
Reasons
How to Control
 Industrialization
 Reduce, Reuse and Recycle, every
 Population growth thing you can.
 Urbanization  Protect endangered animals and
 Chemical used in agriculture plants.
 Pollution of air ; water and soil  Clean rivers, lakes and beaches.

Q. 1-5) Complete the sentence by selecting appropriate alternative.

Q. 1) The Earth is beginning to become difficult planet to live because .......
1) Wild animals have increased.
2) No food is available.
3) Pollution due to factories has increased
4) Population is decreased
Q. 2) We can save Earth by.......
1) By using 3R's Reuse, Recycle and Reduce the use of resources.
2) Stop polluting rivers by consuming no river water.
3) Keeping endangered animals into zoo.
4) Using mask all the time.
Q. 3) 'endangered' in the leaflet means.....
1) dangerous 2) becoming extinct
3) thriving plants and animals 4) prolific
Q. 4) Choose the correct reason which pollute the Earth.
1) Outlets of the factories are directly let into lakes, rivers etc.
2) There are carbon absorption towers in every big city in India.
3) Less amount of potable water present on the earth.
4) Less number of cars are there on the roads.
Q. 5) We should save the Earth because....
1) We need more animals to eat. 2) We need good ecosystem to survive.
3) We need only oxygen to live. 4) We need factories to work and earn money.

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 238

 2)

Arms Exhibition
15 August 2023
th

With the support of

The Indian Army

Gurukul College has organised

Arms Exhibition at

Gurukul Campus
Ghatkopar Mumbai
Timings : 9:00 am to 4:00 pm

Guns at Display includes

Bofors Gun
Barrett M82
Milkor MGL
Arjun (tank)
And many more

Q. 1) When did India become free?

1) 26th January 2) 15th August 3) 14th August 4) 01st January
Q. 2) Who has organised the exhibition?
1) Indian Army 2) Gurukul College
3) Govt. of India 4) Gurukul Students
Q. 3) What are the exhibits?
1) Guns 2) Tanks 3) Banners 4) All of the above
Q. 4) The word exhibition means -
1) Display 2) Cover 3) Viewing 4) Present
Q. 5) Identify the type of leaflet.
1) Business 2) Appeal 3) Educational 4) Charity
3)
Stop Smoking it Kills...
Facts :
NO SMOKING
 Every 9th Indian uses tobacco.
 A cigarette contains 4800 chemicals, 69 of which are cancer triggers.
 One person dies every six seconds due to tobacco.
Risks :
 Heart disease by 2 to 4 times.

 Occurrence of a stroke by 2 to 4 times.

 Lung cancer in men by 25 times and 25.7 times in women.

 It is more difficult for smokers to get pregnant.

 Passive smokers can cause number of diseases to their family especially

children.

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 239

Q. 1) Smoking is injurious to health, it means -
1) It doesn't harm your body.
2) It causes many health issues and harmful.
3) It means you can always overcome the harms it caused.
4) It means you can smoke outside your home.
Q. 2) It is alarming to see how many people are addicted to it, how did you reach to
this conclusion?
1) by reading the risks 2) by reading the title
3) by reading facts 4) by looking at pictures
Q. 3) What is the meaning of passive smokers?
1) When two people share the cigarette.
2) One is active smoker and others are only present around.
3) It means it is more difficult for smokers to get pregnant.
4) Passive smokers can cause number of diseases to their family.
Q. 4) From this leaflet we learn that -
1) Everyone should not smoke 2) Only adults should smoke
3) Women should stop smoking 4) Smoking is dangerous
Q. 5) What are the risks smoking cause ?
1) One person dies every six seconds due to tobacco.
2) It cause occurrence of a stroke by 2 to 4 times.
3) 4800 chemicals in cigarette cause cancer.
4) Indian love to chew the tobacco.
Sub Unit - 5.16 : Notice

Let's understand :
A Notice is a written or a printed piece of information issued by Authorities, organisations,
schools, colleges, Government bodies, societies, non-Government organisations addressed to a large
group of people informing them about an event, programme, change in schedule and other relevant
matters.
Notices are generally displayed on Notice Boards or sent through online as per Protocol. It
is a sort of information, announcement, warning about something.
Points to consider while drafting a Notice:
 A notice must be enclosed in a box.  Follow word limit scrupulously.
 Only relevant information should be included.  Use pronouns (Third Person) correctly.
 Avoid spelling or grammatical errors.  Use of passive voice is must.
 Signature of the Authorities/Officials is mandatory along with stamp/date for the its authenticity.

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 240

 Format/Structure of a Notice :
NAME OF THE ORGANISATION/INSTITUTE

NOTICE
Date of Issue [ Day/Month/Year ]
HEADING/TITLE/SUBJECT

CONTENT OF THE NOTICE

SIGNATURE
NAME OF THE ISSUER
DESIGNATION/SIGN/STAMP

Model Questions

1) Read the Notice and answer the questions given below.

THE SOMAIYA SCHOOL

NOTICE
All the students are hereby informed that as a part of Independence Day celebration of
our country, you need to be present at 7.00 a.m at the Flag hoisting of our school.
The schedule is as follows :
Time Event
7.00 AM Assembly at Venue
7.15 AM Welcome Address
7.30 AM Flag hoisting by the President of Somaiya Trust
7.35 AM National Anthem
7.40 AM Patriotic Song by the students of Somaiya School
7.50 AM Bravery Award
8.15 AM Address by Hon’ble Guest
8.30 AM Band performance by the students of Kendriya Vidyalaya
8.45 AM Vote of thanks
8.50 AM onwards Refreshments

Q. 1) What is the Reporting Time for the students?

1) 7.00 AM 2) 8.00 AM 3) 12.00 Noon 4) 4.00 PM
Elaboration : It is mentioned in the notice. Hence, option 1 is the correct answer.
1 2 3 4

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 241

Q. 2) As per the Notice Flag hoisting will be held at the hands of .......... .
1) Governor of Maharashtra 2) Principal of the School
3) President of the Somaiya Trust 4) NCC Cadets
Elaboration : It is mentioned in the notice. Hence, option 3 is the correct answer.
1 2 3 4

Q. 3) The above Notice is for…

1) School Annual Day Function 2) Christmas Celebration
3) Fun fare Programme 4) Celebration of Independence Day of India.
Elaboration : It is mentioned in the notice. Hence, option 4 is the correct answer.
1 2 3 4

Q. 4) The Date mentioned in the Notice is correct because .......

1) It is holiday for school
2) on this Day we celebrate Republic Day
3) Notice and details should be displayed before the Event
4) Date is wrong
Elaboration : As per the notice norms which has to displayed before the event. Hence,
option 3 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4
Q. 5) Bravery Award in the schedule means -
1) Awards will be given to those who have done Brave and great deeds.
2) For Merit Rankers in studies.
3) Award for Artists.
4) Award for Regular students in school.
Elaboration : All other options are not related to bravery. Hence, option 1 is the correct
answer. 1 2 3 4

Questions for practice

THE ROTARY CLUB OF MUMBAI

NOTICE
This is hereby notified that the Red Cross Society Mumbai is going to organise a
Blood Donation Camp in our club on 20th March, 2018.
Those who are willing to be a part of the camp should register their names to the
undersigned latest by 17th March, 2018.
Note : Donors will be given Certificate and Donor Card.
Yours Truly,
General Secretary

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 242

Q. 1) Who is the issuing authority of this notice?
1) President of the Society 2) General Secretary of Rotary Club
3) Secretary of Housing Society 4) Member of Blood Donation Camp
Q. 2) What benefits will the donors get after Blood Donation?
1) Money 2) Breakfast
3) Certificate and Donor's Card 4) Lunch

Q. 3) Condition for the Blood Donor is .........................

1) They should bring ID card 2) They should be on time
3) Registration 4) Pay the fees.
Q. 4) The Deadline to enrol the names is
1) 20 March 2018 2) 17 March 2018
3) 12 March 2018 4) 12 May 2018
Q. 5) Organising a Blood Donation Camp is a .........................
1) Political News 2) Economical Cause
3) Social and noble cause 4) Religious cause

Sub Unit - 5.17 : Appeal Writing

Let's understand :
Appeal is a heartfelt request to the people. It is an earnest plea and an instrument to arouse
a sympathetic response. Following things are to be kept in mind while preparing an appeal.
1) Appeal is presented in written forms.
2) It is presented in a poster or leaflet form.
3) It is used to create social awareness.
4) It is used to involve people in social cause.
5) It is used to request people to show their generosity.
6) It is tool to motivate people.
TIPS TO WRITE AN APPEAL
 Always write an appeal in box.  Use short sentences.
 Use interesting phrases.  Make use of appropriate quotations.
 Use catchy slogans.  Make use of pictures, symbols & logos.
 Make heartfelt request.  Appeal has to be persuasive.
 Mention venue and contact details.  Design attractively.
 Address readers directly.  Use various font styles.

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 243

 Model Questions

An Appeal to use handloom products in our daily life :

CELEBRATING NATIONAL HANDLOOM DAY
NATIONAL AWARENESS DRIVE TO PROMOTE HANDLOOM INDUSTRY
DIVERSE AND ECO FRIENDLY INDUSTRY
Source of Income for Innumerable Weavers
Support the Weavers
 Use handloom products.
 Provide them finance.
 Bring them in mainstream.
 By exporting and marketing the handloom products.
 Create an awareness in schools and colleges.
"I do reared spinning and weaving as a necessary part of any national system."

Q. 1) The given appeal is promoting ..................

1) small scale industry 2) cottage industry
3) farming 4) cotton mills
Elaboration : Appeal is related to small scale. Hence, option 1 is the correct answer.
1 2 3 4

Q. 2) This appeal will provide financial stability to .....................

1) farmers 2) weavers 3) industrialists 4) businessman
Elaboration : This Appeal related Handloom. Hence, option 2 is the correct answer.
1 2 3 4

Q. 3) In the appeal, the weaving machine shown is called ..................

1) loom 2) shuttle 3) charkha 4) waving machine
Elaboration : It’s name of manually handling weaving machine. Hence, option 3 is the correct
answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 4) Who do you think this appeal is addressed to ......................

1) shopkeepers 2) weavers 3) citizens 4) villagers
Elaboration : This Appeal is for all human being, Hence, option 3 is the correct answer.
1 2 3 4

Q. 3) The appeal was published on the occasion of ........................

1) Independence Day 2) Republic Day
3) National Handloom Day 4) Gandhi Jayanti
Elaboration : The subject is clearly mentioned in Appeal. Hence, option 3 is the correct
answer. 1 2 3 4

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 244

 Questions for practice

ARE YOU 18 OR OLDER?

IF YES THEN
LET'S BE A PART OF THIS INITIATIVE
STUDENTS REGISTRATION DRIVE WEEK 1ST TO 7TH MARCH
AS AN ELECTOR OF TOMORROW'S INDIA
TO REGISTER VISIT
HISLOP COLLEGE, Nagpur
TIME : 11.00 am to 5.00 pm (including Sundays and Public Holidays)
OR USE VOTER HELPLINE APP
Election Commission of India

Q. 1) This appeal is addressed to ....................

1) the common public 2) the 18 year and above students
3) the only youths 4) the voters
Q. 2) This appeal is published by .......................
1) The Election Commission of India
2) Hislop College Nagpur
3) Maharashtra Government
4) The Government of India
Q. 3) Voter’s registration drive is for the period of ...................
1) one month 2) one year
3) fifteen days 4) one week
Q. 4) For registration one need to visit ......................
1) Hislop college Nagpur 2) Voter's help line app
3) Both 1 and 2 4) None of the above
Q. 5) The headline of the appeal is .......................
1) Students registration drive week 1st to 7th march
2) Let's be a part of this initiative.
3) Are you 18 or older ?
4) Election commission of India

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 245

 Sub Unit - 5.18 : Tour Itinerary

Let's understand :
The tour itinerary means "the route of a journey or tour or the proposed outline of one" as
per the Mariam Webster. It is a schedule of your journey with time lined events and activities.
It is a schedule of events relating to planned travel, generally including on the route activities
and destinations to be visited at specified times and means of transportation to move between
those destinations. For example, The plan of a business trip or the route of a road trip, lodging/
stay or the proposed outline of one. In short a full plan of travel arrangements is travel itinerary.
It has details of activities to be conducted with available sources and means, spots to be
covered with the inclusion of the journey plan. It has detailed information about meetings, events
and sometimes for leisure travel. It has reservations and bookings done accordingly for round trip
or one way travel plan.

Model Questions
SPIRITUAL TIRUPATI DARSHAN EX CHANDIGARH (NCA09)
2 Nights/3 Days
SRI KALAHASTI, TIRUPATI
IRCTC launches flight package to "Spiritual Tirupati Darshan" Ex Chandigarh for 02
Nights 3 Days tour Ex Chandigarh covering spiritual journey to Balaji temple Tirupati,
Shree Kalahasthi, Padmavathi Devi and Govindrajan temple.
Inclusions :
  Air    Bus   Hotel   Meal   Darshan Tickets

Tour Itinerary : Chandigarh - Tirupati - Chennai - Chandigarh

Day Chandigarh - Board flight no. 6E 971 scheduled to depart Chandigarh at 07:10 hrs
1 Chennai - Tirupati Arrival at Chennai airport at 10:30 hrs.
Pick up from Chennai Airport and transfer to Tirupati. Enroute visit
Sri Kalahasthi (Hasti). Check in at hotel. Evening visit temple of
Padmavathi Devi, the consort of Lord Sri Venkateswara. Return back
to hotel. Dinner and overnight stay at Tirupati.
Day Chennai - Tirupati After early morning breakfast visit Iskon temple and Govindrajan
2 temple. Proceed to Tirumala for Lord Balaji Darshan. After darshan,
proceed to Chennai. Check in to hotel. Evening visit to Kapilashwar
temple and Marina Beach (If there is enough time left after darshan)
Dinner and overnight stay at Chennai.
Day Chennai - After breakfast move to Chennai airport to board the return scheduled
3 Chandigarh flight no. 6E 6924 departs at 11:10 hrs to Chandigarh. Arrive at 14.00
hrs at Chandigarh Airport.
(Reference Google)

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 246

Q. 1) What is boarding point ?
1) End of the journey place
2) Places to visit
3) Starting point of the journey
4) Main attraction of itinerary
Elaboration : It is the starting point of the journey. When people get into the train / bus / flight is
called as boarding point. Hence, option 3 is the correct answer.   1 2 3 4
Q. 2) What is the duration of tour ?
1) total number of stay in hotel
2) number of places to visit
3) period between the starting day and finishing day of tour
4) All of the above
Elaboration : Tour planned for total number of days and nights included. Hence, option 3 is
the correct answer. ` 1 2 3 4
Q. 3) The spiritual tour of day 1 includes visits to ..............
1) Padmavathi Devi
2) The consort of Lord Sri Venkateswara
3) Lord Bala Ji Darshan
4) Sri Kalahasthi Temple
Elaboration : As per the itinerary. Hence, option 4 is the correct answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 4) How will you reach to Tirupati as per the itinerary ?

1) By Airways 2) By train
3) By ship 4) By road
Elaboration : Itinerary has mentioned Air and flight numbers. Hence, option 1 is the correct
answer. 1 2 3 4

Q. 5) How many days overnight stay at Chennai is mentioned in itinerary?

1) 2 days 2) 3 days
3) 1 day 4) 5 days
Elaboration : As per the itinerary, it is mentioned a day's stay. Hence, option 3 is the correct
answer. 1 2 3 4

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 247

 Questions for practice

1) Prepared for : Mr. Krishna B Bagade

Email: [email protected]
Purpose of Trip : Client Meeting
Flight Details
Details Departure Flight Return Flight
Date April 10, 2022 April 12, 2022
From Mumbai, Maharshtra Chennai, Tamilnadu
Departure Time 6:30 am 06:00 pm
To Chennai, Tamilnadu Mumbai ,Maharshtra
Arrival Time 10:30 am 9:30 pm
Flight 6E-971 6E-972
Airline ABC Airways ABC Airways

Lodging
Location : The Grand Taj Hotel
Address : Sheshadri Nagar, Chennai, Tamilnadu
Phone : 022-232525
Activities :
Date Time Location Activity
April 10, 2022 11:00 am to 5:00 pm RCF, Chennai Attend the 1st day of client
meeting
April 12, 2022 10:00 am to 2:30 pm The HPCL Refinery Attend the 2nd day client
meeting
Notes : 1) Request The Grand Taj hotel to send the pickup vehicle at the airport.
2) Secure the additional documents necessary for the client meeting.

Q. 1) Where is the traveller going to stay?

1) HPCL refinery 2) The Grand Taj Hotel
3) RCF 4) ABC Airways
Q. 2) What is the purpose the trip?
1) Client meeting 2) Training at RCF
3) Trip at Chennai 4) Visit to Beach

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 248

Q. 3) What time Mr. Bagade will be back to Mumbai?
1) 6:00 am 2) 6:30 pm 3) 10:00 pm 4) 09:30 pm
Q. 4) The meaning of the word lodging is ............
1) hotel 2) staying 3) restaurant 4) meeting room
Q. 5) What are the activities our customer is doing on his tour?
1) Visiting beach.
2) Meeting client for two days.
3) Meeting client for one day and departing the other day.
4) Picking the customer at airport.
2) Tour Itinerary : Mumbai to Raigad.
India | Maharashtra |Mumbai Raigad Fort

Distance from Mumbai : 138 Kms Trip Duration (Including Travel) :

Full Day

Place Location : Raigad Fort Transportation Options : Bus

Travel Tips : Carry water bottles.

Day 1 Activity
7:00 am Start from Mumbai
10:00 am Brunch
10:30 am Enter the Raigad Fort
11:00 am Mahadarwaja, The Queen's Quarters, Public Durbar, Watch Towers,
magnificent statue of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, Takmak Tok,
the Nagarkhana Darwaja, artificial Gangasag lake etc
4:00 pm Coming down of the fort
6:00 pm Reach Mumbai
Entry Fee : Rs. 10 for Indians and Rs. 100 for Foreigners
Ropeway Charges : Rs. 250 for Adults and Rs. 170 for Child
Q. 1) What is the destination mentioned in the itinerary ?
1) Mumbai 2) Pachad 3) Raigad 4) All of the above
Q. 2) How many kilometres Raigad is away from Mumbai ?
1) 85 km 2) 135 km 3) 100km 4) 138 km

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 249

Q. 3) What kind of the place is Raigad Fort?
1) Historical 2) Hill station 3) Valley 4) Holy place
Q. 4) People visit Raigad because ................
1) It was the capital of Shivaji Maharaj.
2) It is an iconic place with stunning view.
3) It is a strong fort build in that era.
4) It is an easy climb.
Q. 5) Out of options given which is not found at Raigad ?
1) Takmaktok 2) Rani Darwaja 3) Gangasagar lake 4) Meghdambari
3) Tour Itinerary :   New Delhi - Jammu - Katra - Banganga - Katra - Jammu - New Delhi
Day 01 : Departure from New Delhi
Deperature from New Delhi Railway Station at 20:40 hrs by train no. 12425 - Rajdhani
Express (3AC).Overnight train journey.
Day 02 : Katra (SVDK)
Arrival at Jammu Railway Station at 05  : 00 hours. Pickup from Jammu Railway
Station to Katra by non-AC vehicle on sharing basis as per group size. en-route stop
over at Saraswati Dham to collect the Yatra Parchi. Check-in at Hotel. Breakfast and
drop till Banganga. Darshan at the shrine. Late evening return to Hotel. Dinner and
overnight stay at hotel.
Day 03 : Katra (SVDK) - Departure
Breakfast. Morning free for Leisure. Check-out at 12 noon followed by lunch.
Departure for Jammu Railway Station after Lunch at 14:00 hrs by non-AC vehicle
enroute sight-seeing of KandKandoli Temple, Raghunathji Temple and Bage Bahu
Garden, later drop at Jammu Railway Station by 18:30 hrs to board Jammu Rajdhani
– train no. 12426 at 21:25 hours. Overnight train journey.

Day 04 : Arrival New Delhi

Arrive at the New Delhi Railway Station at 05:55 hours.
Tour Ends :
Important notes for guests :
Above itinerary is only indicative. IRCTC reserve the rights to change the above tour
programme in view of operational problem/local circumstances.
There will be no refund for un-utilized services.
Train timings mentioned are indicative only and subject to change without any prior
notice as governed by concerned railway. All guests are required to check and confirm
the same with the railway.
School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 250
 Please go through the itinerary, inclusions, exclusions, Terms and Conditions and
cancellation policy of the package before booking.
All passengers are requested to register online for Yatra Registration Slip on Shrine
Board official website www.maavaishnodevi.org
Hotel Stay Included : Taj Vivanta or Similar (7 Kms from Katra)

Q. 1) What is the boarding station mentioned in given itinerary?

1) Katra 2) Mumbai
3) New Delhi 4) Banganga

Q. 2) What is the train number while returning to starting point?

1) Train No. 12426
2) Train No. 12485
3) Train No. 12462
4) Train No. 12452

Q. 3) The word Leisure in itinerary means ............

1) Enjoyment time
2) Time to get ready for sightseeing
3) Relaxing time
4) Arrival time
Q. 4) What is the meaning of check in at hotel ?
1) to leave the hotel
2) transfer to other hotel
3) join the other hotel
4) enter the hotel

Q. 5) What is the most important destination mentioned in itinerary?

1) Mata Vaishnavdevi
2) Mata Saraswatidevi
3) Raghunathaji Temple
4) Jammu garden


School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 251

 A reference book for

School Competitive Exams.

Subject : English - Standard : Eight
Answer Key
Unit 1 : Vocabulary
1.1 : Similar Meanings

Q. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Correct Option No. 3 2 and 4 3 4 3 1,4 1 2 3 1 4 1 and 2 2

Q. No. 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Correct Option No. 4 2 3 and 4 1 2 and 4 3 4 2 2 and 3 3 2 1

1.2 : Find out the words which means

Q. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Correct Option No. 2 2 2 3 2 2 4 3 1 3

Q. No. 11 12 13 14 15
Correct Option No. 4 2 1 4 2

1.3 : Synonyms and Antonyms

Q. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Correct Option No. 4 3 2, 4 2 1 2 2 1 4 1 1 2 1

Q. No. 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Correct Option No. 4 3 2 3 4 1,3 4 4 3 1 4 4

1.4 : One Word Substitution

Q. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Correct Option No. 4 1 2 1 1 2 4 1 2 1

Q. No. 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Correct Option No. 1 3 2,4 1 2 3 4 2 3 3

School Competitive Exams. - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 252

1.5 : Word Formation
Q. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Correct Option No. 2 2, 4 2 3 2, 3 2 4 1 3 2 4 3 1

Q. No. 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Correct Option No. 3 2 2, 4 4 2 3 4 2, 3 1, 2 2 3 2
1.6 : Phrases
Adjective Phrase

Q. No. 1 2 3 4 5
Correct Option No. 2 4 3 1 3
Noun Phrase

Q. No. 1 2 3 4 5
Correct Option No. 4 4 2 2 1
Verb Phrase

Q. No. 1 2 3 4 5
Correct Option No. 3 3 2 1 4
Adverb Phrase

Q. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Correct Option No. 1 2 4 2 3 2 4 2 4 1
1.7 : Phrasal Verb

Q. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Correct Option No. 2 3 1 2 1 1 4 4 2 4

Q. No. 11 12 13 14 15
Correct Option No. 3 2 1 3 4

1.8 : Contextual meaning of Words

Q. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Correct Option No. 3 4 2 1 2 3 4 2 3 2

Q. No. 11 12 13 14 15 16
Correct Option No. 4 3 1 3 3 3

School Competitive Exams. - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 253

1.9 : Miscellaneous (Loan Words)

Q. No. 1 2 3 4 5
Correct Option No. 1 2 4 4 2

1.10 : Indian Word used in textbooks (Code Mixing- Non-English words).

Q. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Correct Option No. 2 1 4 2 1 1 3 1 4 2 3 1 4

Q. No. 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Correct Option No. 1 2 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 2 4 1

1.11 : Cloze Test

Passage 1 Passage 2
Q. No. 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
Correct Option No. 2 3 4 1 2 2 2 1 3 2

Passage 3 Passage 4
Q. No. 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
Correct Option No. 4 1 4 2 3 3 3 4 1 4

Passage 5 Passage 6
Q. No. 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
Correct Option No. 4 3 1 2 2 1 3 1 3 3

Passage 7 Passage 8
Q. No. 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
Correct Option No. 2 4 1 1 4 2 1 2 3 4

1.12 : Acronyms, Paronyms and Homonyms

Acronyms

Q. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Correct Option No. 1 1 3 3 1 2 4 3 1 3 2 4

School Competitive Exams. - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 254

(A) Paronyms

Q. No. 1 2 3 4 5
Correct Option No. 2 2 2 1 2

(B) Homonyms

Q. No. 1 2 3 4 5
Correct Option No. 3 2 4 2 3

1.13 : Foreign Words and Expressions

Q. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Correct Option No. 3 1 2 1 3 4 1 1 2 3 2 1 3

Q. No. 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Correct Option No. 2 1 2 4 1 2 3 2 3 1 1 3

1.14 : Writing Words by using given clues.

Q. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Correct Option No. 3 3 2 3 3 2 2 3 3 1 1 2

Q. No. 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Correct Option No. 3 4 2 3 4 1 3 1 3 1 4 3
1.15 : Idioms and Phrases

Q. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Correct Option No. 3 2 2 3 2 1 3 1 1 1 3 2 3 3 2

Q. No. 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Correct Option No. 2 3 3 4 1 2 4 2 4 2

1.16 : Spelling Rules

Q. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Correct Option No. 1 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 1 2 3 1 2 4 2

School Competitive Exams. - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 255

Q. No. 16 17 18 19 20
Correct Option No. 2 3 4 1 3

1.17 : Contraction

Q. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Correct Option No. 4 1 2 2 1 3 1 1 2 3

Unit 2 - Word Puzzles and Riddles

2.1 : Crossword Puzzles

Q. No. 1 2 3
Correct Option No. 3 3 4

2.2 : Riddles

Q. No. 1 2 3
Correct Option No. 3 2 2

2.3 : Word Ladders

Q. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Correct Option No. 1 2 1 3 4 2 4 1 3 2 2 2

Q. No. 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Correct Option No. 3 3 2 2 4 2 1 4 2 4 3 4

2.4 : Word Web

Q. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Correct Option No. 2 3 4 3 3 3 1 4 3 3 3 2

2.5 : Word Register

Q. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Correct Option No. 4 3 3 1 2 1 2 3 4

2.6 : Grid
Q. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Correct Option No. 2 4 3 1 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 1

School Competitive Exams. - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 256

Q. No. 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Correct Option No. 2 4 3 2 4 2 2 1

Unit 3 : Language Study

3.1 : Parts of Speech

Q. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Correct Option No. 1 3 4 2 3 1 3 1 3 1 2 2 4

Q. No. 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Correct Option No. 3 2 4 2 1 1 2 2 3 4 4 3

3.2 : The Function of Tenses

Q. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Correct Option No. 3 3 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1

Q. No. 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Correct Option No. 4 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 3 1 3
3.3 : Kinds of Sentences, Clauses and Analysis
Q. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Correct Option No. 1 4 4 1 3 2 4 3 4 1 4 4 3

Q. No. 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Correct Option No. 4 1 1 2 4 1 3 3 2 2 1 1

3.4 : Types of Sentences (Transformation)

Q. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Correct Option No. 2 4 2 1 1 2 1 3 2 4 3 4 2

Q. No. 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Correct Option No. 1 1 2 1 1 4 1 4 4 2 2 2

School Competitive Exams. - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 257

3.5 : Figures of Speech/Literary Devices

Q. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Correct Option No. 3 2 4 2 2 3 4 1 3 1 2 3 1

Q. No. 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Correct Option No. 1 1 2 1 3 3 1 2 4 1 3 1

3.6 : Synthesis

Q. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Correct Option No. 4 3 2 1 3 4 1 4 2 3 2 4 3

Q. No. 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Correct Option No. 4 3 1 2 1 4 2 1 2 4 1 1

3.7 : Gerund

Q. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Correct Option No. 3 3 4 1 4 4 4 3 1 2 1 4 3

Q. No. 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Correct Option No. 1 2 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 1 3 1

3.8 : Infinitives

Q. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Correct Option No. 2 4 2 3 4 1 2 1 4 3 3 1 3

Q. No. 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Correct Option No. 1 1 3 2 1 2 2 4 4 3 4 3

3.9 : Spotting Errors

Q. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Correct Option No. 3 3 3 2 3 4 2 2 3 4 3 4 3

School Competitive Exams. - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 258

Q. No. 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Correct Option No. 3 3 1 3 2/3 2 2 2 3 1 3 1

3.10 : Sentence Improvement

Q. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Correct Option No. 1 3 4 2 4 4 1 4 2 3 4 2 2

Q. No. 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Correct Option No. 2 3 2 1 1 3 1 3 2 1 2 4

3.11 : Selecting the Correct Sentences

Q. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Correct Option No. 1 3 2 3 2 4 3 1 3 1 2 3 3

Q. No. 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Correct Option No. 2 2 1 3 2 1 1 3 2 4 3 3

Unit 4 : Grammar
4.1 : Articles

Q. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Correct Option No. 2 1 3 3 3 1 2 2 3 1

Q. No. 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Correct Option No. 2 3 3 2 3 3 1 2 3 1

4.2 : Kinds of Sentences

Q. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Correct Option No. 1 2 3 4 1 4 1 4 2 4

Q. No. 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Correct Option No. 4 4 1 1 4 3 4 2 2 1

School Competitive Exams. - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 259

4.3 : Active Voice and Passive Voice

Q. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Correct Option No. 3 4 1 3 1 1 3 2 1 2 1 2 1

Q. No. 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Correct Option No. 3 2 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 3

4.4 : Modal Auxiliaries

Q. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Correct Option No. 1 3 2 2 1 4 3 2 1 4

Q. No. 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Correct Option No. 1 2 4 1 1 2 4 1 3 2

4.5 : Conjunctions

Q. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Correct Option No. 2 3 1 3 1 1 3 1 1 2

Q. No. 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
Correct Option No. 3 3 2 4 1 4 2 3 3 3 1 2

4.6 : Clauses

Q. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Correct Option No. 3 2 3 1 2 3 1 1 3 1 3 2 2

Q. No. 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Correct Option No. 2 3 1 3 3 2 3 1 2 3 4 1

School Competitive Exams. - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 260

4.7 : Degree of Comparison

Q. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Correct Option No. 4 4 3, 4 1 4 1, 2 4 4 4 3

Q. No. 11 12 13 14 15
Correct Option No. 1 1, 3 1 3 2

4.8 : Direct-Indirect Speech

Q. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Correct Option No. 2 2 3 1 1 1 3 2 4 1

Q. No. 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Correct Option No. 2 1 1 3 2, 4 1 3 4 1 1

4.9 : Add a Question Tag

Q. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Correct Option No. 3 1 3 4 2 2 3 3 4 2 4 4 2

Q. No. 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Correct Option No. 2 3 3 1 2 4 3 3 2 2 3 4

4.10 : Punctuations

Q. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Correct Option No. 1 3 4 2 2 3 1 1 4 3

Q. No. 11 12 13 14 15
Correct Option No. 4 1, 3 1 2 2

School Competitive Exams. - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 261

4.11 : 'Wh' - Questions

Q. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Correct Option No. 1 4 2 2 1 3 4 1 1 1

Q. No. 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Correct Option No. 3, 4 3 2 3 2 3 3 2 3 3

Unit 5 : Composition and Creative Writing

5.1 : Responding

Q. No. 1 2 3 4 5
Correct Option No. 1 1 3 2 2

5.2 : News

Q. No. 1 2 3 4 5
Correct Option No. 1 2 3 4 1

5.3 : Advertisements

Q. No. 1 2 3
Correct Option No. 3 1 3

5.4 : E-mail

Q. No. 1 2 3
Correct Option No. 4 2 4

5.5 : Websites

Q. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Correct Option No. 4 1 3 3 2 3 3 1 2 2

School Competitive Exams. - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 262

5.6 : SMS/ Messaging

Q. No. 1 2 3 4 5
Correct Option No. 2 3 3 2 1

5.7 : Slogans

Q. No. 1 2 3 4 5
Correct Option No. 3 2 2 3 4

5.8 : Dialogue Writing

Dialogue Writing 1 Dialogue Writing 2

Q. No. 1 2 3 1 2 3
Correct Option No. 4 3 4 2 2 3

5.9 : : Letter Writing

Q. No. 1 2 3 4 5
Correct Option No. 2 4 4 4 2

5.10 : Interview

Q. No. 1 2 3 4 5
Correct Option No. 4 3 4 3 2

5.11 : Report Writing

Report Writing 1 Report Writing 2

Q. No. 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4
Correct Option No. 1 4 3 3 2 1 2 4 1

Report Writing 3
Q. No. 1 2 3 4 5
Correct Option No. 2 1 3 3 1

School Competitive Exams. - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 263

5.12 : Quotations

Q. No. 1 2 3 4 5
Correct Option No. 3 2 3 1 2

5.13 : Comprehension

Q. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Correct Option No. 2 2 3 1 4 2 1 4 2 4

5.14 : Travelogue

Q. No. 1 2 3 4 5
Correct Option No. 3 2 3 2 4

5.15 : Leaflet

1 2 3
Q. No. 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
Correct Option No. 3 1 2 1 2 2 2 4 1 2 2 3 2 4 2

5.16 : Notice

Q. No. 1 2 3 4 5
Correct Option No. 2 3 3 2 3

5.17 : Appeal Writing

Q. No. 1 2 3 4 5
Correct Option No. 2 1 4 3 2

5.18 : Tour Itinerary

1 2 3
Q. No. 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
Correct Option No. 2 1 4 2 2 3 4 1 1 2 3 1 3 4 1

School Competitive Exams. - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 264

 List of Contributors

S. No. Name of Teaher Designation School/Office Address

1) Dr. Swati Khaire Asst. Teacher and The G. E. M. S. Highschool, Vile Parle, Mumbai.
HoD English
2) Tushar Bagwe Lecturer K. J. Somaiya College of Science and Commerce,
Mumbai.
3) Salunke Prashant Vice Principal Manoj Sahadev Academy, Muktai Nagar, Latur.
4) Trimbak Ghadge Asst. Teacher Karmaveer Bhaurao Patil Vidyalay, Pratiksha
Nagar, Sion, Mumbai.
5) Naresh Walanj Asst. Teacher Z. P. Primary School, Amarbhui, Tal. Wada,
Dist. Palghar.
6) Ashpak Kazi Asst. Teacher English School Mangalvedha, Dist. Solapur.
7) Sachin Mhatre Asst. Teacher Dosibai Jeejeebhoy High school, Shivtekdi,
Majaswadi, Jogeshwari (E), Mumbai.
8) Sangita Bagade Lecturer Shree V. S. Gurukul THS and Junior College,
Ghatkopar (E), Mumbai.
9) Nilesh Misal Asst. Teacher Sant Gadge Maharaj Primary School Mangldham,
Mangrulpir, Dist. Washim.
10) Dr. Narendra Mahale Lecturer Sarswati Vidya Mandir and Jr. college, Yawal.
Ta. Yawal, Dist. Jalgaon.
11) Bhupendra Mahajan Asst. Teacher Abhyuday Vidyalay, Warli, Ta. Ambamath,
Dist. Thane.
12) Sneha Chavan Asst. Teacher Shramik Vidyalaya, Andheri, Jogeshwari (E)
13) Shaikh Ahmed Asst. Teacher Al-Ittehad Urdu High School, Jogeshwari (W),
Mumbai.
14) Narendra Patil Asst. Teacher Sivdarshan vidyalay
15) Gajanan Tayade Asst. Teacher Jijamata Madhyamik Vidyalaya, Motala,
Dist. Buldhana.
16) Suwarna Kulkarni Asst. Teacher Adarsh Vidyalaya, Chikhli, Dist. Buldhana.
17) Sharad Wasankar Asst Teacher Z. P. School Khatgaon, Tal. Jamner, Dist. Jalgaon.
18) Kisan Rohakale Asst. Teacher Shri Ambika Devi Vidyalay, Kedgaon Devi,
Tal., Dist. Ahamadnagar.
19) Gopal Gedam Asst. Teacher Captain Joshi Smarak Vidyalaya Yenegur,
Tal. Omarga, Dist. Dharashiv.
20) Vijay Mapari Asst. Teacher Z. P. High School and Jr. College Umbarda bazar,
Tal. Karanja lad, Dist.Washim.
21) Vikas Kale Asst. Teacher J. C. High School and Jr. College, Karanja Lad,
Dist. Washim.

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 265

S. No. Name of Teaher Designation School/Office Address
22) Datta Lokare Asst. Teacher Z. P. School Tungeshwar, Tal. Shahapur,
Dist. Thane.
23) Satyavan Mane Asst. Teacher Z. P. Primary School No. 2 Shetfal, Tal. Atpadi,
Dist. Sangli.
24) Sachin Rathod Asst. Teacher Kamaldeep Junior College, Fulamala,
Tal. Nandgaon (kh), Dist. Amravati.
25) Bahubali Rai Asst. teacher Sangli High School, Sangli.
26) Pradip Kore Asst. teacher Arag High School, Tal. Miraj, Dist. Sangli.
27) Rahul Gawande Asst. Teacher Z. P. School Matangwasti, Kendra - Dhamani,
Tal. Patan, Dist. Satara.
28) Dhananjay Pawar Asst. Teacher Swa. Dadasaheb Undalkar Vidyalaya, Undale,
Tal. Karad, Dist. Satara.
29) Archana Joshi Asst. Teacher KCT's Krishna School and Junior College, Karad,
Dist. Satara.
30) Swati Ahire Teacher Shri Nrusinha Vidyalaya, Chas, Tal. Nagar,
Dist.Ahmednagar
31) Prashant Dongre Asst. Teacher Vithabai Pasarkar Vidyamandir, Kekatumara,
Tal., Dist. Washim.
32) Ananta Solanke Asst. Teacher Radhabai Khedekar vidyalay Chikhali,
Dist. Buldhana.
33) Deepak Sawant Asst. Teacher Z. P. School, Mullanagar (Bhalawani),
Tal. Vita, Dist. Sangli.
34) Anil Bagade Asst. Teacher P. D. Lions College of Commerce and Economics,
Malad, (W), Mumbai.
35) Ravindra Songire Asst. Teacher R. C. Patel English Medium Secondary school,
Shirpur, Dist. Dhule.
36) Sunil Chaudhari Asst. Teacher Shrimant G. S. Deokar Vidyalay, Virdel,
Tal. Sindkheda, Dist. Dhule.
37) Quazi Shakiruddhin Asst. Teacher Z. P. Urdu School, Jatoda, Tal. Sindkheda,
Dist. Dhule.
38) Pradeep Khairnaar Asst. Teacher Z. P. Primary School, Dhamani, Tal. Igatpuri,
Dist. Nashik.
39) Daniel Dsouza Asst. Teacher St. Anthonys High School, Kherani Road,
Sakinaka, Mumbai.
40) Fr. Thomson Kinny Principal St. John Baptist High School and Jr. College,
Jambli Naka, Thane (W).
41) Seema Gabale Asst. Teacher Z. P. High School, Rohada, Tal. Pusad,
Dist. Yavatmal.
42) Kanchan Jadhav Asst. Teacher Shri Mahakali English School, Navedar, Adiware,
Tal. Rajapur, Dist. Ratnagiri.
43) Pradeepkumar Khade Asst. Teacher Dosibai Jeejeebhoy High School, Shivtekadi,
Majaswadi, Jogeshwari (E), Mumbai.

School Competitive Exams - Subject : English - Standard : Eight - 266