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DPP - 04 (Solution) Heat & Thermodynamics NJ - 247

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92 views4 pages

DPP - 04 (Solution) Heat & Thermodynamics NJ - 247

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sajidbillu2711
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(Physics) HEAT AND THERMODYNAMICS

DPP 04
Solution
1. Energy radiated by sun, according to Stefan's law,

E = σT 4 × ( area 4πR2 ).
This energy is spread around sun in space, in a sphere of radius r.
Earth (E) in space receives part of this energy.
Energy σT 4 × 4πR2 × time
=
Area of envelope 4πr 2
σT 4 R2 × time
Energy incident per unit area on earth =
r2
R2 σT 4
∴ Power incident per unit area on earth = ( )
r2
R2 σT 4
∴ Power incident on earth = πr02 ×
r2

2. For conduction from inner sphere to outer one,


dT
dQ = −KA × ( time dt)
dr
dQ dT
= −K × (4πr 2 )
dt dr
dT
∴ Radial rate of flow Q = −4πKr 2
dr
r2 T2
dr
∴ Q ∫ 2 = −4πK ∫ dT
r
r1 T1

r1 − r2
Q[ ] = 4πK[T2 − T1 ]
r1 r2
4πK(T1 − T2 )r1 r2
Q=
(r2 − r1 )
r1 r2
∴ Q is proportional to ( )
r2 − r1

APNI KAKSHA 1
(Physics) HEAT AND THERMODYNAMICS
3. According to Stefan's law, energy radiated per second by a body of emissivity e at a temperature
T is eσAT 4 ;
∴ E = 0.6σAT 4 .

4. Warming of glass of bulb due to filament is due to radiation mainly.


For convection process, a medium is required which can move between two points, to transfer
heat. Bulb is almost evacuated to have no medium.

5. As per Wien's displacement law, λT = constant

From the graph given,


λ3 < λ2 < λ1 ∴ T3 > T2 > T1
Temperature of sun is higher than that of welding arc which is higher than that of tungsten
filament lamp.
∴ Sun = T3 , Welding arc = T2
Tungsten filament = T1

6. According to Stefan's law,


Radiant energy E = (σT 4 ) × area × time
E2 σ(2T)4 × 4π(2R)2 × t
∴ = = 16 × 4
E1 σT 4 × (4πR)2 × t
E2
∴ = 64
E1

7. According to Wien's displacement law,


λT = b = Wien's constant.
b
∴ λA TA = b or TA =
3 × 10−7
b × 107 z
TA = = where z = (b × 107 )
3 3
b × 107 z
Similarly TB = =
4 4

APNI KAKSHA 2
(Physics) HEAT AND THERMODYNAMICS
b × 107 z
and TC = =
5 5
Again, according to Stefan's law,
Q = Power radiated by black body = AσT 4
where A = area of disc = πR2 .
Q A = (πR2A ) × σ × (TA )4
z 4
or QA = π(2 × 10−2 )2 × σ × ( )
3
22
Q A = πσ × 10−4 × z 4 ×
34
4
or QA = (πσ × 10−4 × z 4 ) ×
81
Put πσ × 10−4 × z 4 = k = constant
4k
or QA = = 0.049k
81
k × (4)2 k
Similarly, Q B = = = 0.062k
(4)4 16
k × (6)2 36k
QC = = = 0.057k.
(5)4 625
Hence Q B is maximum.

8. According to Newton's law of cooling, rate of cooling is proportional to Δθ.


∴ (Δθ)n = (Δθ) or n = 1.

dT
10. The two bodies x and y have same surface area. Emissivity (E) ∝ rate of cooling or E ∝ − ( dt )

From graph, consider cooling of x and y from temperature

T2 to T1 .
Time taken by x = (t 2 − t1 )
Time taken by y = (t 3 − t1 )
x takes less time and so Ex > Ey … (i)

APNI KAKSHA 3
(Physics) HEAT AND THERMODYNAMICS
According to Kirchhoff's law, a good emitter is also a good absorber.
∴ ax > ay … (ii)
11. Energy radiated,
E = σT 4 × ( area 4πR2 ) × time × e
E1 (4000)4 × (1)2 × 1 × 4πσe 1
= =
E2 (2000)4 × (4)2 × 1 × 4πσe 1

12. A good absorber is a good emitter but black holes do not emit all radiations.

APNI KAKSHA 4

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