SHORTWAVE RADIO EXPLAINED:

Using Raddy Radios

Version 1.0 Nov. 2023

By E.T. Bryant
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Table of Contents

Introduction 01

Shortwave Radio Overview 02

The History of Shortwave 03

How does Shortwave Radio Work? 07

What Do You Need? 10

Shortwave Radio Users 11

Licensing 12

Choosing a Shortwave Radio 16

Older Shortwave Radios 18

Newer Shortwave Radios 20

RF75A 20

RF750 22

RE40 23

RF760 25

RF320 28

Ways to Listen to Shortwave 30

Internet Radio 31

History of Internet Radio 32

How does Internet Radio Work? 34

Shortwave Radio Toolkit 35

Appendix: RF320 and RF75A App Installation Instructions 36

Other Books by this Author 42

Reference Links 43
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Introduction
In the early 20th century families would gather around the radio to listen to broadcasts.
Many of the radios were shortwave radios which allowed them to hear stations in differ-
ent countries. Shortwave radio is not as popular as it has been in the past. Ask a young
person what shortwave radio is, and many will not have heard about it. There are many
reasons why it is not as popular. The rise of other technologies, such as satellite radio
and the internet, has made it easier for people to access international news and
programming. These technologies offer higher-quality audio and more channels than
shortwave radio, and they are often available on a wider range of devices.

Many shortwave broadcasters have scaled back or eliminat-

ed their shortwave transmissions in recent years. This is due to
several factors, including the high cost of operating shortwave
transmitters and the declining audience for shortwave radio.
Another factor that has contributed to the decline of shortwave
radio is the increasing use of cell phones and other electronic
devices, which can interfere with shortwave signals.

There is an increasing popularity of streaming services.

Streaming services like Spotify and Apple Music offer a wide
variety of music and other audio content, and they can be accessed on a variety of devic-
es. This makes them a more convenient and accessible option for many people than
shortwave radio.

Also, people’s listening habits have changed. People are increasingly consuming
news and information online and on mobile devices. This is due to the convenience of
these platforms and the fact that they offer a wider range of content than shortwave
radio. Finally, many people are not aware of shortwave radio or how to listen to it. This is
because it is not as widely promoted as other forms of media.

Despite these challenges, shortwave radio still has a loyal following among listeners
who appreciate its ability to provide access to international news and programming.
There are still many reasons why shortwave radio remains a valuable tool for communi-
cation and information sharing. It can also be used to bypass censorship and provide
information to people in countries where the media is controlled by the government.

Many organizations are working to promote shortwave radio and to ensure that it
remains a viable way to communicate. Shortwave radio is a unique and powerful medium
that has the potential to connect people around the world. It is a technology that is worth
preserving and promoting. In this book, I will introduce you to the wonderful experience
of shortwave listening.
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Shortwave Radio Overview

If you are a non-licensed radio operator Shortwave radio can give you the thrill of
hearing distant stations from around the world. Even licensed radio operators or Hams
use Shortwave to listen to other stations and to see if their equipment is transmitting
properly. Shortwave radio is a popular hobby for people who enjoy listening to interna-
tional broadcasts and DXing, which is the hobby of trying to receive shortwave signals
from distant stations. A good practice in listening to Shortwave would be to keep a
logbook of stations and their frequencies. Using a logbook keeps a record of stations you
have heard in the past and makes the hobby more enjoyable.

Along with listening to amateur radio operators

(Hams), you will also find Shortwave radio is used by
broadcasters to transmit international news and
programming. Shortwave radio can be a valuable tool
for people in remote areas with limited or no access to
other forms of media. This allows people to be able to
hear international news and music, weather reports,
and other programming they might not be able to hear
through local AM or FM radio stations.

Governments will sometimes allow broadcasting and religious organizations to use

shortwave to reach global audiences. There are also cultural programs, educational
content, and foreign language stations broadcasting. If you are attempting to learn a
foreign language shortwave is a great way to practice what you have learned.

Using Shortwave, you will be able to listen to Ham radio operators who use shortwave
frequencies for two-way communication with other radio enthusiasts across the world. It
serves as a means of hobbyist communication and emergency communication during
disasters when other forms of communication may fail.

Shortwave is not like traditional AM (Amplitude Modulation) or FM (Frequency Modu-

lation) radio broadcasts, shortwave signals have the unique property of being able to
bounce off the Earth's ionosphere. This allows them to be refracted back to the ground
at greater distances from the transmitter, reaching remote areas and countries that are
thousands of kilometers away from the source.
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The History of Shortwave

Before there was Shortwave radio there were two other forms of communication that
should be mentioned. In 1837 the telegraph was invented by two sets of inventors:
William Cooke and Charles Wheatstone in England, and Samuel Morse, Leonard Gale,
and Alfred Vail in the United States. The invention of the telegraph paved the way for
later inventions in voice communication.

The next advancement in voice communication was the

invention of the telephone by Alexander Graham Bell. He
received a patent for his invention on March 7, 1876, and
made the first-ever telephone call to his assistant, Thomas
Watson, on March 10, 1876. Both the telegraph and telephone
continued to be used in the 20th century. Even today some
Hams and others use Continuous Wave (CW) for communi-
cation with Morse Code. However, these were hardwired
connections until the invention of Shortwave communication.

Guglielmo Marconi an Italian inventor is credited with inventing radio. He experiment-

ed with radio waves in 1894, and by 1895 he successfully transmitted a wireless signal
over one and a half miles.

The first transatlantic transmission was in 1901. Many early Marconi radios were used
by ships at sea transmitting Morse Code. The first voice communications transmitted by
a Marconi radio was on December 19, 1900.

This was performed by Reginald Fessenden, a Canadian Coherer

Receiver
inventor who worked independently of Marconi. Fessenden used
a spark-gap transmitter to modulate his voice signal onto a radio
wave, and he received the signal on a coherer receiver.

The transmission was made from Brant Rock, Massachusetts, to ships in the Atlantic
Ocean. Fessenden's first words transmitted were "Hello, hello. This is Fessenden speak-
ing. I have just accomplished the transmission of the human voice by wireless telegra-
phy." After Guglielmo Marconi had demonstrated the feasibility of long-distance radio
communication there was a growing interest in using shortwave radio for commercial and
military purposes.

In 1910, the first commercial shortwave radio station was established in the United
States. The station, which was owned by the American Marconi Company, transmitted
news, and entertainment programs from New York City to Europe.
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Shortwave radio was used during World War I, 1914 - 1918. During the war shortwave
was used for a variety of purposes. Shortwave radio was used for military communica-
tion by all sides to communicate with their forces around the world. This was especially
important for the Allied forces, who were spread out over a large area. It was also used
for intelligence gathering. The Allies used shortwave radio to listen to enemy transmis-
sions, and they used this information to plan their operations.

Shortwave radio was also used for propaganda broadcasting. All sides of the war
used shortwave radio to broadcast messages to their people and the people of enemy
countries. Civilians used shortwave radio during the war.

People used shortwave radio to stay in touch with family and friends who were living
in other countries. They also used shortwave radio to listen to international news and find
out what was happening with the war.

The British used shortwave radio to transmit news and entertainment programs to
their troops stationed overseas. This helped to keep the troops informed about the war
and to boost their morale. They also used shortwave radio to communicate with their
ships at sea. This was especially important during the Battle of Jutland when the British
and German fleets clashed in the North Sea.

The Germans used shortwave radio to broadcast propaganda to the British people.
These broadcasts were designed to demoralize the British troops and to sow discord
among the British population. The German forces used shortwave radio to communicate
with their U-boats. This allowed the U-boats to coordinate their attacks on Allied
shipping.

The Allies used shortwave radio to communicate with resistance movements in

enemy-occupied countries. This allowed the resistance movements to coordinate their
activities and to receive supplies from the Allies. They also used shortwave radio to
gather intelligence on the movements of German forces. The Allies used shortwave radio
to broadcast propaganda to the German people. These broadcasts were designed to
demoralize the German troops and to sow discord among the German population.

Shortwave radio played an important role in World War I which allowed all sides of the
war to communicate, gather intelligence, and broadcast propaganda. Shortwave radio
was also a lifeline for civilians who were separated from their loved ones.

After the war, shortwave radio continued to develop. In the 1920s, shortwave radio
was used to transmit international news and programming. Shortwave radio was also
used by amateur radio operators, who enjoyed the challenge of communicating with
other operators around the world.
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Shortwave radio was used extensively during World War II, 1939 - 1945. Shortwave
radio was used by all sides of the war to communicate with their forces around the world.
This was especially important for the Allied forces, who were spread out over a large
area. In World War II as in the first war, shortwave radio was also used for intelligence
gathering. The Allies used shortwave radio to listen to enemy transmissions, and they
used this information to plan their operations. Radio was also used for propaganda
broadcasting. All sides of the war used shortwave radio to broadcast messages to their
people and the people of enemy countries.

Shortwave radio was also used by civilians during the war. People used shortwave
radio to stay in touch with family and friends who were living in other countries. Short-
wave radio was also used to listen to international news and programming.

The Enigma Machine was a cipher coding machine very much like a typewriter. It was
used by the Germans during the war to code their transmitted messages to their soldiers,
ships, and U-boats. The British were able to capture one of the devices in the early
1930s and with the aid of the Colossus computer they were able to figure out how the
machine worked and break the German code. However, not to let the Germans know
they had cracked their code they had to keep that knowledge a secret.

The U.S. forces had a different means of sending coded messages to their troops.
They used Wind Talkers during World War II. They were a group of Native American
soldiers who used their native Navajo language to transmit secret messages during
World War II. Shortwave radios were used because they could transmit over long
distances and were difficult for the enemy to intercept. This allowed them to communi-
cate with each other even when they were separated by thousands of miles. They were
issued a special type of shortwave radio that was designed to transmit over long distances.

The Wind Talkers were trained in Morse code and in how to use their native languages
to create codes that were unbreakable by the enemy.

The Wind Talker soldiers used their native language to create codes that were
unbreakable by the enemy. The Wind Talkers were used in all theaters of war, including
the Pacific, Europe, and Africa. They played a vital role in many Allied victories. The code
they created made it impossible for the Germans and Japanese to decipher their
messages. They were credited with helping to save countless lives.

The Wind Talkers were unique and an asset to the Allied forces. In using their native
languages to create unbreakable codes they helped win the war. Their story is a testa-
ment to the power of language and the importance of cultural diversity. The Wind Talker
soldiers were awarded numerous medals for their service, including the Congressional
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Gold Medal. They are considered to be among the most important figures in American
military history.

The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) used shortwave radio to broadcast news
and programming to the British people during the war. The BBC's shortwave broadcasts
were also listened to by people in other countries, including those under Nazi occupa-
tion. The Nazis used shortwave radio to broadcast propaganda to the Allied soldiers and
countries. These broadcasts were designed to demoralize the Allied troops and to sow
discord among the Allied populations.

The most famous German female figure to broadcast propaganda during World War
II was Mildred Gillars, who was known by her on-air name, Axis Sally. Gillars was an
American citizen who was born in Maine in 1900. She moved to Germany in 1934 and
became a radio announcer for the German state broadcaster, Reichssender Berlin.
Gillars's shortwave broadcasts were aimed at American troops and their families. She
often used a seductive tone of voice and played popular American music to try to demor-
alize the troops. She also spread propaganda about the war, claiming that the Allies were
losing and that Germany was winning. Other German women used shortwave to broad-
cast propaganda as well.

The most famous Japanese female figure to broadcast propaganda during World War
II was Iva Toguri D'Aquino, who was known by her on-air name, Tokyo Rose. D'Aquino
was born in Los Angeles to Japanese parents.

She moved to Japan in 1941 and was forced to work as a propaganda broadcaster for
the Japanese government. D'Aquino's broadcasts were aimed at American troops and
their families in the Pacific. She often used a friendly and familiar tone of voice, and she
often played popular American music. She also spread propaganda about the war, claim-
ing that the Allies were losing, and that Japan was winning. Other Japanese women used
shortwave to broadcast propaganda as well.

After World War II shortwave radio reached its peak of popularity in the 1940s and
1950s. During this time, shortwave radio was used to transmit international news and
programming from a variety of countries. Shortwave radio was also used by religious
broadcasters, who used it to spread their message around the world.

Shortwave radio's popularity began to decline in the 1960s and 1970s. This was due
to the rise of other forms of communication, such as television and satellite radio.
However, shortwave radio is still used by a variety of groups today, including govern-
ments, military, broadcasters, and amateur radio operators.
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How does Shortwave Radio Work?

Shortwave radio is a type of radio transmission that uses radio frequencies between
3 and 30 MHz. These frequencies are called "shortwaves" because they are shorter than
the wavelengths used in other types of radio transmission, such as medium wave (AM)
and FM.

As mentioned previously shortwave radio waves can

travel long distances, even around the world, because
they can be reflected or refracted by the ionosphere, a
layer of charged particles in the atmosphere. Shortwave
radio can use both amplitude modulation (AM) and
frequency modulation (FM).

AM is the most common type of shortwave radio

transmission. In amplitude modulation, the amplitude (or
strength) of the carrier wave varies with the amplitude of the signal being modulated. It
is used by a variety of broadcasters, including government, religious, and commercial
stations. AM signals are less susceptible to interference than FM signals, but they also
have lower fidelity.
Signal
An FM signal as shown on the right image is less
common on shortwave radio, but it is gaining popularity.
AM
In frequency modulation, the frequency of the carrier wave
varies with the amplitude of the signal being modulated.
FM signals have higher fidelity than AM signals, but they
FM
are also more susceptible to interference.

The type of modulation used on a shortwave radio transmission depends on several

factors, including the intended audience, the desired quality of sound, and the amount of
interference that is expected. Listed below are some of the advantages and disadvantages
of AM and FM shortwave radio:

Amplitude modulation advantages Amplitude modulation disadvantages

Less susceptible to interference. Lower fidelity.

More widely available. More susceptible to static.
Less expensive to transmit.
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Frequency modulation advantages Frequency modulation disadvantages

Higher fidelity. More susceptible to interference.

Less static. Less widely available.
More suitable for music. More expensive to transmit.

Shortwave signals are produced by an electronic device called a shortwave transmit-

ter. A shortwave transmitter generates radio waves in the shortwave frequency band.
The shortwave transmitter uses a modulation technique, as mentioned above to add the
audio signal to the radio waves. The radio waves are then amplified and radiated into the
atmosphere by an antenna. The antenna is a metal structure that is designed to radiate
radio waves efficiently. The length of the antenna is determined by the frequency of the
radio waves. The shortwave frequency is reflected by the ionosphere, which allows
shortwave signals to travel long distances, even around the world.

Listed below are some of the factors that affect the production of shortwave signals:
The type of modulation used affects the quality of the signal and the amount of
interference that it is susceptible to. AM is the most common modulation technique
used for shortwave radio, but FM is also used.

The power of the transmitter affects the range of the signal. A more powerful trans-
mitter can send a signal over a longer distance.

The height of the antenna affects the range of the signal. A higher antenna can send
a signal over a longer distance.

The ionosphere is a layer of charged particles in the atmosphere that reflects radio
waves. The condition of the ionosphere affects the range of shortwave signals.

Radio signals are received by your receiving device called a shortwave receiver. A
shortwave receiver is an electronic device that is designed to receive radio waves in the
shortwave frequency band. The shortwave receiver also uses a tuner to select the
desired frequency. The tuner is a device that allows the user to select the desired radio
station. The shortwave receiver uses a demodulator to extract the audio signal from the
radio waves. The demodulator is a device that converts the modulated radio waves back
into an audio signal. The shortwave receiver uses an antenna to receive the radio waves.
The antenna is a metal structure that is designed to receive radio waves efficiently. The
length of the antenna is determined by the frequency of the radio waves.
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There are some of the factors that can affect the reception of shortwave signals:

The strength of the signal affects the quality of the reception. A stronger signal will
produce better reception.

The location of the receiver affects the quality of the reception. A receiver that is in
a high-altitude area will receive better reception than a receiver that is in a lower-al-
titude area.

The ionosphere is a layer of charged particles in the atmosphere that reflects radio
waves. The condition of the ionosphere affects the range of shortwave signals.

The reception of shortwave signals requires careful consideration of a variety of

factors. The strength of the signal, the location of the receiver, and the condition of the
ionosphere all affect the quality of the reception.

Some tips for improving the reception of shortwave signals:

Using an external antenna will improve the reception.

Getting your antenna higher will improve the reception of shortwave signals.

The location of your antenna can have a big impact on your reception. Try experi-
menting with different locations to find the best spot for your antenna. A directional
antenna will improve the reception of signals from a specific direction.

The ionosphere is more reflective at night, so shortwave signals can travel further
at night. You will find just like listening to FM radio stations, listening to shortwave
at night will provide more stations and the reception will be clearer.

A noise filter will reduce the amount of noise received.

If you are having trouble receiving a station, try adjusting the frequency of your
receiver. Radios with a tuner that displays a sliding scale can be harder to adjust
than a radio with a digital display.

Be patient. It can take some time to find and tune in to the stations you want to listen
to.

By following these tips, you can improve the reception of shortwave signals and enjoy
listening to broadcasts from around the world.
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What Do You Need?

What is needed to listen to shortwave radio?

To listen to shortwave radio, you only need the following:

A shortwave radio receiver.

An antenna.

A power source to provide power for the radio.

Shortwave radio receivers are available at a variety of prices

and features. Some basic receivers can be purchased for as little as $50. More advanced
receivers with features such as SSB decoding and external antenna support can cost
hundreds or even thousands of dollars.

The antenna is used to receive the shortwave radio signal. There are a variety of
antennas available, including indoor antennas, outdoor antennas, and directional anten-
nas. The type of antenna you need will depend on your location and the stations you
want to listen to.

The power source for your shortwave radio will depend on the type of receiver you
have. Shortwave radios sometimes have a variety of power sources. Some receivers
use AAA batteries, some use lithium batteries, some have hand cranks, which can
recharge their batteries for a while, some radios can use a solar panel, and others use
AC power.

Then some radio receivers combine several power sources. The type of radio you
choose will depend on your needs.

Some optional items you might like to add include:

Headphones or External Speakers: While not strictly necessary, using headphones
or connecting your radio to external speakers can enhance the listening experience,
especially in noisy environments.

Frequency Guide or Schedule: To find and tune in to specific shortwave radio

stations, it's helpful to have a frequency guide or schedule. These resources provide
information about broadcast times, frequencies, and station details, helping you
identify what you want to listen to.
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Above all, you need patience and curiosity. Listening to shortwave radio can be a bit
different from traditional broadcasting, as reception quality can vary depending on atmo-
spheric conditions, time of day, and other factors. Patience and a sense of curiosity will
help you explore different stations and broadcasts successfully.

Once you have all the necessary equipment, you can start listening to shortwave
radio. To find stations to listen to, you can use a shortwave radio directory or an online
resource such as DXmaps.com.

Shortwave radio is a great way to listen to international news and current events, as
well as music from other cultures. It can also be a fun hobby for people who are interest-
ed in DXing. With the right equipment and a little patience, you can start enjoying short-
wave radio today.

Shortwave Radio Users

A variety of groups use shortwave radio. Some of the most common users include:

Government and military agencies use shortwave radio for

long-distance communication. This is especially important
in countries where there is limited or no access to other
forms of communication, such as satellite or cable.

Broadcasters use shortwave radio to transmit international

news and programming. This is especially important in
countries that do not have their broadcasting stations.

Amateur radio operators (Hams) use shortwave radio to

communicate with each other around the world. They also use shortwave radio to
track weather patterns and listen to international broadcasts.

People in developing countries use shortwave radio as a valuable tool for communi-
cation in areas with limited or no access to other forms of media, such as the
Internet or television. A shortwave radio can be used to get news and information,
to listen to music and entertainment, and to communicate with friends and family.

Someone interested in international news and current events can listen to short-
wave radio to hear international news and current events. This is because short-
wave radio stations can broadcast from anywhere in the world, and they are not
subject to the same restrictions as domestic broadcasters.
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People who are interested in listening to different types of music can listen to music
from other cultures. This is because shortwave radio stations broadcast a wide variety
of music from all over the world.

Someone interested in learning a different language can listen to shortwave radio

to improve their knowledge of the language.

Emergency responders or someone wanting weather conditions to track a storm or

monitor recovery procedures can use a shortwave radio to hear broadcasts on
conditions.

Amateur radio operators or someone interested in DXing. DXing is the hobby of

trying to receive shortwave signals from distant stations. Shortwave radio is a great
way to engage in DXing, as many stations are broadcasting from all over the world.

Overall, shortwave radio is a valuable tool for communication and entertainment. It is

used by a variety of groups, including government and military agencies, broadcasters,
hams, people in developing countries, and people who are interested in weather, interna-
tional news, and current events.

Licensing
Anyone can listen to shortwave radio but in most countries to transmit on shortwave
you will need a license. This is because shortwave can be used to communicate over
long distances, and it can be used to transmit sensitive information. In the United States,
you need a license from the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to transmit on
shortwave radio. To get a license, you must pass a test on radio operating procedures
and regulations. You can find more information about getting a license from the FCC
website.

In other countries, the requirements for getting a short-

wave radio license may vary. You should contact your
local telecommunications authority for more information.
If you are interested in transmitting on shortwave radio, it
is important to learn about the rules and regulations in
your country. You should also get the necessary training
and equipment.
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There are several reasons why it is best to have a license if you intend to transmit on
shortwave radio. Shortwave radio waves can travel long distances, and they can
interfere with other radio transmissions if they are not properly controlled. Having a radio
license, you agree to maintain your transmitting equipment, so they prevent interference
with other radio transmissions. Transmitting on shortwave radio requires a basic under-
standing of radio operating procedures and regulations. Licensing helps to ensure that
radio operators are trained and qualified to operate safely and effectively.

Finally, Shortwave radio can be used to transmit sensitive information, such as

military communications or financial data. Licensing helps to ensure that this information
is not intercepted by unauthorized parties.

To obtain a license to transmit on shortwave in the United States, you must:

1. Be a U.S. citizen or legal permanent resident.

2. Be at least 18 years old.

3. Pass a written test on radio operating procedures and regulations.

4. Apply with the Federal Communications Commission (FCC).

The FCC has three types of amateur radio licenses: Technician, General, and Amateur
Extra. The Technician license is the most basic and allows you to transmit voice on the
following frequencies:

6 meters: 50.1-54 MHz

10 meters: 28.0-29.7 MHz

12.5 meters: 222.0-225.0 MHz

23 centimeters: 1240.0-1300.0 MHz

A Technician licensed operator can also transmit on the following frequencies, but only
with the use of Morse code:

40 meters: 7.0-7.3 MHz

80 meters: 3.5-4.0 MHz

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The General license allows you to transmit on the frequencies below:

6 meters: 50.1-54 MHz

10 meters: 28.0-29.7 MHz

12.5 meters: 222.0-225.0 MHz

15 meters: 21.0-21.45 MHz

17 meters: 18.068-18.168 MHz

20 meters: 14.0-14.35 MHz

40 meters: 7.0-7.3 MHz

80 meters: 3.5-4.0 MHz

A General licensed operator can also transmit on the following frequencies, but only
with the use of Morse code:

160 meters: 1.8-2.0 MHz

630 meters: 472-479 kHz

2200 meters: 135.7-137.8 kHz

The Amateur Extra license allows you to transmit on the additional frequencies listed
below:

6 meters: 50.1-54 MHz

10 meters: 28.0-29.7 MHz

12.5 meters: 222.0-225.0 MHz

15 meters: 21.0-21.45 MHz

17 meters: 18.068-18.168 MHz

20 meters: 14.0-14.35 MHz

40 meters: 7.0-7.3 MHz

80 meters: 3.5-4.0 MHz

160 meters: 1.8-2.0 MHz

630 meters: 472-479 kHz

2200 meters: 135.7-137.8 kHz

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You can also transmit on all shortwave frequencies using all modes, including voice,
Morse code, and digital.

Note:
Many of the frequencies listed above for the different licenses are not within the
shortwave band. However, you can see how obtaining a license will give you much
more enjoyment with shortwave. Along with more freedom to transmit.

To pass the written test, you must study the FCC's amateur radio licensing manual.
You can find the manual on the FCC's website. There are textbooks that you can
purchase online that cover exam prep questions and answers. There are also exam
practice websites you can visit to test your knowledge. When you are ready to take your
exam you can locate a local Ham Radio Club or find testing websites online.

To apply for an amateur radio license, you must complete FCC Form 605. You can
find the form on the FCC's website. Once you have passed the written test and filed an
application, the FCC will review your application and issue you a license if you are
qualified.

Below are some additional tips for obtaining a license to transmit on shortwave:

Study the FCC's amateur radio licensing manual carefully. The manual contains all
the information you need to know to pass the written test.

Take a practice test before you take the real test. There are a few practice tests
available online. Taking a practice test will help you to get familiar with the format of
the test and the types of questions that are asked.

Apply for your license as soon as you are ready. Many testing sites will forward your
exam grade and information to the FCC. There is currently a fee of $35. The FCC's
licensing process can take several weeks, so it is best to apply for your license as
soon as you are ready.

Once you have obtained a license to transmit on shortwave, you can start transmitting
when you have your equipment. However, it is important to remember that you are still
subject to the FCC's rules and regulations. You should always check the FCC's website
for the latest rules and regulations before you transmit.
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Choosing a Shortwave Radio

What features would you like to have on your radio? In some radios, you will find the
shortwave band, also known as SW, which includes the frequency range listed above
along with other bands. There are the popular AM and FM
bands which you will find included in many shortwave radio
sets. However, there are radios available that offer Single
Side Band (SSB) decoding. If you are planning on doing a
lot of distant station listening (DX, in Ham Radio), you will
need a radio with SSB decoding. There are also other bands
such as Wide Band (WB), Very High Frequency (VHF), Ultra
High Frequency (UHF), Citizen Band (CB), Aviation, Marine,
Weather, and Public Safety bands. As you can see there is
a lot you can listen to, so you may want to decide on which bands you would like to listen
to the most.

There is the frequency range, as some radios cover a broader range of frequencies.
The frequency range of a shortwave radio determines which stations you can receive.
Most shortwave radios can receive frequencies between 3 and 30 MHz However, some
models have a wider frequency range, which allows you to receive stations from all over
the world.

The frequency range of shortwave radio:

Band Megahertz (MHZ)

120 M 2.300-2.500 MHz
90 M 3.20-3.40 MHz
75 M 3.90-4.00 MHz
60 M 4.750-5.060 MHz
49 M 5.950-6.20 MHz
41 M 7.10-7.60 MHz
31 M 9.20-9.90 MHz
25 M 11.600-12.200 MHz
22 M 13.570-13.870 MHz
19 M 15.10-15.80 MHz
16 M 17.480-17.900 MHz
13 M 21.450-21.850 MHz
11 M 25.60-26.10 MHz
 RADIODDITY.COM | CHOOSE CONNECTIVITY, CHOOSE RADIODDITY 17

You will need to consider the type of antenna: Most shortwave radios will have an
internal telescoping antenna. These extend to a variety of heights. The taller the antenna
the better the reception. Unless you are going to use an external antenna you will want to
pick a radio with the longest internal antenna. Some radios offer a jack on the side of the
radio where you can plug in an external antenna.

Although many radios do not include this option. As you can see from the image above
with this type of external antenna you have the option of using it to plug into the radio or
clip onto the telescoping antenna. When you purchase one make sure you get one with
the longest length of wire. An external antenna support is important if you want to improve
your reception.

Finally, you need to consider how much you are willing to pay. Shortwave radios can
range in price from around $50 to $1,000 or more. It is important to set a budget before
you start shopping so that you do not overspend. Once you have considered your needs
and budget, you can start shopping for a shortwave radio. Many online retailers sell short-
wave radios, as well as some brick-and-mortar stores.
 RADIODDITY.COM | CHOOSE CONNECTIVITY, CHOOSE RADIODDITY 18

Older Shortwave Radios

Originally, all shortwave radios used vacuum tubes. They were hot and the tubes would
occasionally burn out like light bulbs and need to be replaced. When transistors were
invented radios became transistorized and were much
smaller. Today’s shortwave radios use microprocessors just
like computers. In a sense, they are computerized radios.
The term Software Defined Radio (SDR) is used quite
frequently with newer amateur radios. These radios have a
chip that contains firmware, which is computer code that
sends instructions to the radio’s computer on how the radio
should operate.

There are many different types of older shortwave radios. Listed below are just a few:
Zenith Trans-Oceanic 7G605 Clipper: This was one of the most popular shortwave
radios in the 1940s and 1950s. It was a large, heavy radio with a vacuum tube
amplifier. The Trans-Oceanic 7G605 had a frequency range of 4.75 to 21.85 MHz.

① Zenith Trans-Oceanic 7G605 Clipper ② Hammarlund S-38 shortwave radio

shortwave radio

The Zenith Trans-Oceanic was a rather large and heavy radio. The Hammarlund
radio shown above ② was an improvement in size and weight.
Hammarlund S-38: This was another popular shortwave radio in the 1940s and
1950s. It was a smaller, lighter radio than the Trans-Oceanic 7G605, and it had a
crystal filter for improved reception. The Hammarlund S-38 had a frequency range
of 1.6 to 30 MHz.
 RADIODDITY.COM | CHOOSE CONNECTIVITY, CHOOSE RADIODDITY 19

Beginning in the 1960s transistor radios were very popular. The use of transistors
allowed radios to be smaller, more portable, and lighter in weight.
Sony ICF-2000: This was one of the first shortwave radios to use transistors instead
of vacuum tubes. It was a small, portable radio that was popular in the 1960s and
1970s. The Sony ICF-2000 had a frequency range of 5.3 to 26 MHz.

③ Sony ICF-2000 shortwave radio ④ Grundig Satellit 800 shortwave radio

Improvements in radio technology continued into the 1970s and 1980s.

Grundig Satellit 800: This was a high-end shortwave radio that was popular in the
1970s and 1980s. It had three built-in bandwidths for shortwave along with AM and
FM. It had a frequency range of 1.5 to 30 MHz, and it came with a built-in speaker
and amplifier.

Many of the shortwave radio manufacturers are still producing radios today.
Eton Executive: This is a modern shortwave radio that is based on the design of the
Zenith Trans-Oceanic 7G605. It has a frequency range of 3.2 to 30 MHz, and it comes
with several features that are not found on older shortwave radios, such as SSB
decoding and external antenna support.

⑤ Eton Executive shortwave radio

 RADIODDITY.COM | CHOOSE CONNECTIVITY, CHOOSE RADIODDITY 20

We cannot talk about older shortwave radios unless we talk about a company named
Heath in Michigan. They offered a wide range of kits that allowed amateurs to build
radios. Their shortwave and Ham radio kits were very popular. While they are no longer
offered you can still purchase assembled used radios online. Below are just a couple of
the Heathkit shortwave radio models:

⑥ Heathkit AR-3 ⑦ Heathkit SB300

These are just a few examples of older shortwave radios. Many other older shortwave
radios are still in use today. Some people prefer older shortwave radios because they are
built well and have a classic look. Others prefer newer shortwave radios because they
have more features and are more portable.

Newer Shortwave Radios

For this book, I will be focusing on Radioddity™ Shortwave Radios.

RF75A ( Price – $52.99)

RF75A Features
The RF75A is an App controlled Shortwave radio. Thanks to the
App's intelligent remote control and Bluetooth 5.0 features (See Appen-
dix), you can enjoy the convenience of RF75A using your cellphone.

With the RF75A’s intuitive user interface and powerful wireless

capabilities, you can easily control your radio from your devices (support
for iOS, Android, and HarmonyOS systems).

The radio has a wider reception range, listen to FM, VHF, AM, SW, and WB, and stay
up to date with your favorite radio shows and music with this powerful multi-band receiver.
 RADIODDITY.COM | CHOOSE CONNECTIVITY, CHOOSE RADIODDITY 21

The RF75A has automatic scan and manual storage. You can save up to 396 stations,
so you can easily access your favorite stations. Experience the powerful sound and
crystal-clear reception with its internal antenna or the included 9.85' wire antenna.

The radio is a personal music player. You can insert a micro-SD card with your favor-
ite music to boost your music experience with this all-in-one outdoor audio system. The
RF75A has Bluetooth 5.0 features, a 3.5mm earphone socket, and a TF card slot, you
can easily connect to your audio devices and connect to your computer as a speaker.

This one-of-a-kind radio is designed to be small and lightweight, making it ideal for
travel and outdoor activities. Use the flashlight and SOS for emergencies.

RF75A Specifications

AM 520-1710KHZ

FM 64-108MHZ

SW 4.750-21.850MHZ

WB (Weather Band) 162.400-162.550MHZ

VHF 30.000-199.975MHZ

Reception Sensitivity AM:86dB | FM: ≤8dB | SW: 40dB | VHF: ≤8dB

Static current ≤70uA

Speaker Φ40mm / 4Ω / 3W

SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio) FM/VHF: ≥40dB | MW: ≥30dB | SW: ≥40dB

Stored Stations 396 (FM/VHF/Mediumwave/Shortwave: 99 each)

Bluetooth Info VER 5.0 | ≤65 feet receiving (20 meters)

Minimum operating voltage 3.4V

External input voltage DC .5V

Lithium Battery 3.7V 1000mAh

Support for audio format MP3, WAV, WMA

TF Card Max Capacity Max 256GB

Size/Weight 3.6’’ x 2’’ x 1'' / 3.7 oz | 9.2 x 5.3 x 2.6cm / 105g

 RADIODDITY.COM | CHOOSE CONNECTIVITY, CHOOSE RADIODDITY 22

RF750 ( Price – $36.99)

RF750 Features
The RF750 is a 3-in-1 radio. It can serve as a Bluetooth
speaker and SD card music player. RF750 has an added
9.85' wire antenna, strengthening the reception to pick up
more stations. It comes with a USB-C charging port and a
removable lithium battery. It is a preparedness radio with
NOAA weather alert.

The RF750 is a compact pocket shortwave radio only 3.5’’ x 2.4’’ x 1.5.’’ It is so handy
to put into a jacket pocket, purse, backpack, etc. But incredibly such a compact radio
works perfectly as an MP3 player, a Bluetooth speaker, a radio, and so on.

The radio features a replaceable 1000mAh Battery. The battery can easily be replaced
with a new one. You could also charge the radio directly by using its USB-C cable. This
tiny radio supports the encoding pulley to adjust the station. Press the to automat-
ically search and store up to 110 stations. Press the to get the station.

In Bluetooth, TF Card music playback mode, the RF750 supports six kinds of EQ for
playing sound effects: NORMAL, POP, ROCK, JAZZ, CLASSIC, and COUNTRY. The
outstanding sound quality and stable sound reception will bring you a better sound expe-
rience than ever.

Using the radio with its multi-band reception, you can listen to news, sports, weather
information, or music with your loved ones anywhere anytime. RF750 is not only a
full-band broadcast reception radio, but also a wonderful external music player with a BT
connection function and TF card playback mode.

RF750 Specifications

FM 87.5-108MHz

AM 520-1720KHz

SW 5.7-17.9MHz

WB 162.400-162.550MHz

Memory Support TF card, Max 256GB

Audio format AV, WMA

 RADIODDITY.COM | CHOOSE CONNECTIVITY, CHOOSE RADIODDITY 23

Battery replaceable 3.7V 1000mAh BL-5C lithium battery included

Charging DC 5V, Micro USB-C interface

Size 3.5" x 2.4" x 1.5"

Weight 0.22lbs

RE40 ( Price – $49.99)

RE40 Features
The new RE40 has upgraded features for emergency prepared-
ness. Built upon the RF750, the RE40 enhances your bug-out kit.
The radio offers new features such as a compass, flashlight, SOS
alarm, three charging options, power bank capabilities, and a white
noise function.

This portable radio offers 3-in-1 convenience, combining short-

wave, emergency, and Bluetooth functions in one compact device.
It offers FM/AM/SW/WB band reception and supports various audio
inputs like USB, TF/SD cards, and Bluetooth. Additionally, it provides access to 7 NOAA
channels for weather alerts to keep you informed about hazardous weather.

RE40 provides three different power sources, ensuring that you stay connected. You
can recharge it conveniently through USB-C, generate emergency power through
hand-cranking, or rely on solar energy, making it adaptable to various scenarios.

This shortwave radio has a 4000mAh battery that provides up to 24 hours of usage
when fully charged. This empowers you to stay connected for more extended periods
without frequent recharging. You can also use the RE40 to recharge other devices like
your mobile phone.

The RE40 is ideal for on-the-go adventures. It is designed to be sleek and lightweight,
with its 3.5mm headphone jack and dimensions of 81x52x132mm (3.2x2x5.2in) it is your
ideal travel companion. Whether tucked in your bag or hanging from its included lanyard,
it is ready for your journey.
 RADIODDITY.COM | CHOOSE CONNECTIVITY, CHOOSE RADIODDITY 24

RE40 Specifications

FM: 87-108MHz

AM: 520-1710KHz
Frequency Range
SW: 5.7-17.9MHz

WB: 162.400-162.550MHz

Bluetooth Version 5.0

SD memory card file types MP3/WAV/FLAC/APE

Max. Capacity of Micro SD Card 256GB (not included)

White Noise 7 different natural sounds

Size 81x52x132mm / 3.2x2x5.2in

Weight Approximately 350g / 0.77lb

Operating Voltage 2.7V-4.2V

LED Light 1W/120LM

Max. Power About 5W

Speaker 4Ω 5W

LED Flashlight 1W/120LM

Battery Capacity 4000mAh / 3.7V (non-replaceable)

Operating Temperature Range -10℃ to 60℃ (14°F to 140°F)

 RADIODDITY.COM | CHOOSE CONNECTIVITY, CHOOSE RADIODDITY 25

RF760 ( Price – $99.99)

RF760 Features
Raddy RF760 compared with other models has adjustable band-
width in Single Side Band (SSB) mode and includes an external wire
antenna with a 3.5mm connector to improve the Shortwave reception
quality. It has upgraded sound quality for a better listening experi-
ence and includes NOAA broadcast and weather hazard alerts.

The RF760 is a full-band Radio with SSB. This tiny radio can
receive AM, FM, CB, WX, NOAA Weather band plus Alert, Short-
wave (2-30MHz) with Single Side Band and UHF, VHF, and VHF
Aviation (Airband). With the help of SSB, RF760 can be efficient in
reaching long-range worldwide stations when the internet or satellite
is not available.

It is an ideal Radio for the Shortwave Listener! This radio allows fully automatic or
manual search and storage for up to 700 stations. It features a tuning knob for tuning
stations, making it quick and accurate to select the channels you want.

The RF760 is a cool pocket-sized portable world band shortwave radio that is surpris-
ingly small and light. The RF760 comes with earphones guaranteeing a private music
world and a 9.7-foot wire external antenna for providing stable reception.

Because of the radio’s small size, it is ideal for the Ham radio operators since it can
be included in their Go Bag for field trips or emergencies.

RF760 Specifications

Frequency Receiving
Sensitivity Demodulation Mode Band description
Rang

FM Band (30dB noise

FM 1 64.0-108 MHz 1.5uv STEREO/MONO
limit sensitivity)

FM Band (30dB noise

FM 2 76.0-108 MHz 1.5uv STEREO/MONO
limit sensitivity)

FM Band (30dB noise

FM 3 87.5-108 MHz 1.5uv STEREO/MONO
limit sensitivity)

MW Band (20dB
AM 520-1710 kHz 2mV/M AM
noise limit sensitivity)
 RADIODDITY.COM | CHOOSE CONNECTIVITY, CHOOSE RADIODDITY 26

Frequency Receiving
Sensitivity Demodulation Mode Band description
Rang

SW Band Shortwave
2.00-30.00 MHz
(26dB noise limit
SW (within the Ham 30uv AM/SSB/LSB
sensitivity; under AM
bands)
mode)

City Band Urban Band

CB 25.00-28.00 MHz 10dBuV AM/NFM (12dB noise limit
sensitivity)

Air Band (12dB noise

AIR 118.00-138.00 MHz 3uV AM
limit sensitivity)

VHF Wide Range (20dB

20.000-520 MHz -9dBuV NFM
UHF noise limit sensitivity)
Wide Range (20dB
VHF 30.00-223.00 MHz -8dBuV NFM
noise limit sensitivity)

Amateur Radio Band

VHF 144.00-148.00 MHz -8dBuV NFM (20dB noise limit
sensitivity)
International Maritime
VHF 156.025-163.275 MHz -8dBuV NFM Channel (20dB noise
limit sensitivity)
Amateur Radio Band
UHF 430.00-520.00 MHz -8dBuV NFM (20dB noise limit
sensitivity)
North American
Meteorological Band
WX 162.400-162.550 MHz -8dBuV NFM NOAA WX (20dB
noise limit sensitivity)
Alert triggered
sensitivity -19dBuV

Lithium battery BL5C 1000mAH 3.7v 3.8WH

Loudspeaker Ф40MM 8Ω 1W
Headphone output 3.5MM stereo input
External antenna hole 3.5MM
Weight 0.44lb / 0.2kg
Product dimensions 4.37 x 2.36 x 0.79’’ / 11.1 x 6 x 2CM
 RADIODDITY.COM | CHOOSE CONNECTIVITY, CHOOSE RADIODDITY 27

Station/Frequency Storage Capacity: 700 in total

FM 100 channels

AM 100 channels

SW 100 channels

AIR 100 channels

CB 100 channels

VHF/UHF 100 channels

UBD (customized) 100 channels

Bandwidth Adjust:

MW/AM 1.80 kHz, 1.00 kHz, 6.00 kHz, 4.00 kHz, 3.00 kHz, 2.50 kHz,
(medium wave) 2.00 kHz

FM (frequency 40 kHz, 110 kHz, 84 kHz, 60 kHz (should be 40 kHz for

modulation) monophonic and 60 kHz for stereo in the US)
3 kHz, 2.50 kHz, 2.00 kHz, 1.80 kHz, 1.00 kHz, 6.50 kHz,
SW (short wave)
4.00 kHz (should be 3.0 kHz for SSB)
3.00 kHz, 2.50 kHz, 2.00 kHz, 1.80 kHz, 1.00 kHz, 6.00 kHz,
AIR (airband)
4.00 kHz
3.00 kHz, 2.50 kHz, 2.00 kHz, 1.80 kHz, 1.00 kHz, 6.00 kHz,
4.00 kHz (The Citizen's Band (CB) has the 2 modes, AM and
CB (urban band)
FM. In AM, the bandwidth should be set for 8.0 kHz. In FM,
the bandwidth should be set for 5 kHz)
1.70 kHz, 4.50 kHz, 3.75 kHz, 2.50 kHz (VHF and UHF
bands can be used for commercial and amateur radio
VHF/UHF channels. The commercial radios will almost always be FM,
with bandwidth available of 7.5 kHz for narrowband and 15
kHz for wideband)
UBD (customized) 1.70 kHz, 4.50 kHz, 3.75 kHz and 2.50 kHz
WX (north American
needs to be set to 15 kHz
weather bands)
 RADIODDITY.COM | CHOOSE CONNECTIVITY, CHOOSE RADIODDITY 28

Step Option:

FM 50.0 kHz, 10.0 kHz, 100.0 kHz

MW/AM 10.0 kHz, 5.0 kHz (US) | 9.0 kHz, 3.0 kHz (EU)

SW 5.0 kHz, 1.00 kHz, 0.10 kHz, 0.02 kHz, 0.01 kHz

AIR 25.0 kHz, 12.5 kHz, 8.3 kHz

CB 5.00 kHz, 1.00 kHz, 0.10 kHz, 0.02 kHz, 0.01 kHz

VHF/UHF/UBD 25.0 kHz, 12.5 kHz, 7.5 kHz, 5.0 kHz, 1.0 kHz

RF320 ( Price – $89.99)

RF320 Features

The RF320 is an exceptional shortwave radio that can

receive AIR, FM, VHF, MW(AM), SW, and WB signals, provid-
ing you with comprehensive coverage of global news, sports,
music, weather, and entertainment on the go.

The radio features a user-friendly App. The App supports

Bluetooth 5.0 connection for iOS, Android, and HarmonyOS
systems with app remote control (See Appendix). You can use
the app to conveniently record your favorite show, digitally tune using the numerical keypad,
name channels, and more with just a few taps.

The RF320 has advanced tuning with both a digital display and a neat retro dial
display. It has auto, semi-auto, and manual search functions, along with digital and
manual knob tuning. The fine-tuning knob offers a minimum step value of 0.005MHZ
which allows you to easily find your desired frequency. It also allows you to save up to
995 stations, including 199 each for AIR, FM, VHF, MW, and SW.

The RF320 is more than just a receiver. You can connect to your phone or other devices
via Bluetooth or TF card playback, and enjoy your favorite music, podcasts, or audiobooks
on the go. It also can be an emergency kit with a flashlight and SOS functions.

It gives an enhanced user experience with its included accessories. The RF320 comes
with a carrying case, lanyard strap, earphones, battery, USB charging cable, and a 9.8'
wire antenna. You'll experience improved reception no matter where you go. Moreover,
the RF320 is incredibly portable making it ideal for on-the-go listening.
 RADIODDITY.COM | CHOOSE CONNECTIVITY, CHOOSE RADIODDITY 29

RF320 Specifications

FM: 64-108MHZ
VHF: 30.000-199.975MHZ
MW: 520-1710KHZ
Receiving range
SW:3.20-21.95MHZ
AIR:118-138MHZ
WB:162.400-162.550MHZ
FM: 0.1MHZ
VHF: 0.025MHZ
Min. step value of each band MW: 9KHZ / 10KHZ
AIR: 0.025MHZ
SW: 0.005MHZ
Quiescent current 10uA
Max. current 720mA
Speaker Φ52mm 4Ω 5W
Number of channels stored 995 (199 each for AIR, FM, VHF, MW and SW)
Bluetooth version 5.0
Bluetooth receiving distance ≤20m
Product size 101.7x52x118.5mm | 4x2x4.7''
FM≤8dB
VHF≤8dB
Receiving sensitivity MW≤86dB
SW≤40dB
AIR≤8dB
FM: 48dB
VHF: 48dB
Signal to Noise Ratio MW:30dB
SW:40dB
AIR:48dB
 RADIODDITY.COM | CHOOSE CONNECTIVITY, CHOOSE RADIODDITY 30

Min. working voltage 3.4V

External input voltage DC 5V
Lithium battery 2000mAh | 3.7V
Battery type 18650
Play format of TF card MP3, WMA, WAV, APE and FLAC
Max. capacity of TF card 256G
Net weight 359g | 13oz

Ways to Listen to Shortwave

Besides listening to shortwave on the radio there are a few ways to listen to short-
wave on the internet. There are a few streaming services that offer shortwave radio
broadcasts. These services typically have a wide selection of stations from around the
world, and they can be accessed from any device with an internet connection. Some
popular streaming services for shortwave radio include:

Radio Garden: Radio Garden is a free online radio service

that allows you to listen to live radio stations from all over
the world. It also has a map view that shows you where the
stations are located. https://radio.garden/?r=1

Other ways to listen to shortwave and Ham radio stations

include:
SDR#: SDR# (Sharp) is a free software program that allows you to listen to many
frequencies including shortwave radio broadcasts.

It has a wide range of features, including the ability to record broadcasts and to filter
out noise. However, it does require an RTL-SDR dongle (a USB device) and an
antenna. https://airspy.com

WebSDR: There are some live-streaming websites that you will find online. A word
of caution about many of these sites as they are identified by your browser as not
secure. http://www.websdr.org contains a list of many sites which offer access to
Ham radio and shortwave radio broadcasts. Another SDR site is KiwiSDR which
offers listings of sites that have streaming radio http://kiwi.com. One of my favorite
SDR websites is www.k3fef.com.
 RADIODDITY.COM | CHOOSE CONNECTIVITY, CHOOSE RADIODDITY 31

The best way to find streaming shortwave radio stations online is to do a Google
search. No matter how you choose to listen to shortwave radio, there are a variety of
options available to you. In the next section, I will discuss Internet radio. This is a new
way to have the best features of having a radio and all the stations available on the
Internet. In doing a little research, you can find the perfect way to listen to shortwave
radio broadcasts from around the world.

Internet Radio
I like turning the dial and searching for Shortwave stations.
There is a sense of nostalgia and pride in picking up distant
stations. However, to reach distant stations you would need the
right type of antenna and some people do not have the ability to
use a large antenna. Internet radio can be known as online
radio, streaming radio, or IP radio. It is a digital audio service
transmitted via the Internet and can still give you the feel of
using a radio.

The radio on the left is the LC90 an Internet radio which will
be released by Radioddity™ late in 2023 or sometime at the
beginning of 2024. With the LC90 you can listen to podcasts,
internet radio stations(thousands), and music APPs with WIFI/a
4G sim card, or just listen to the SW FM AM radio. It also has
Bluetooth function. The price of the radio will be available on its
release. For more information check out the Radioddity™ website.

I like turning the dial and searching for Shortwave stations. There is a sense of nostal-
gia and pride in picking up distant stations. However, to reach distant stations you would
need the right type of antenna and some people do not have the ability to use a large
antenna. Internet radio can be known as online radio, streaming radio, or IP radio. It is a
digital audio service transmitted via the Internet and can still give you the feel of using a
radio.

Internet radio is a method of broadcasting traditional radio stations over the internet,
as well as offering additional channels that are not available on traditional radio. Internet
radio stations can be accessed through a variety of devices, including computers, smart-
phones, tablets, and smart speakers.
 RADIODDITY.COM | CHOOSE CONNECTIVITY, CHOOSE RADIODDITY 32

Unlike traditional radio, which is transmitted over the airwaves, internet radio is
delivered through a user's internet connection.

Internet radio offers many advantages over traditional radio, including:

A wider variety of channels: There are thousands of internet radio stations available,
offering a much wider variety of programming than traditional radio.

Global reach: Internet radio can be accessed anywhere in the world if the user has
an internet connection.

Portability: Internet radio can be accessed on a variety of devices, including comput-

ers, smartphones, tablets, and smart speakers.

On-demand listening: Many internet radio stations allow users to listen to past
broadcasts on demand.

Internet radio is a popular way to listen to music, news, and talk shows. It is a conve-
nient and affordable way to stay connected to the world around you.

History of Internet Radio

The concept of Internet radio emerged in the early 1990s as the Internet began to
expand beyond academic and research institutions to reach a wider audience. In 1993,
Carl Malamud, a Computer Engineer and radio enthusiast, launched the first Internet
radio station, "Internet Talk Radio," which featured interviews with public figures in
science and technology.

There were many technological advancements and

Growth between 1995-2000 that led to improvements in
computers and radios. The development of audio
compression technologies, such as RealAudio and
MP3, played a crucial role in the growth of Internet radio.
These technologies allowed for the efficient transmis-
sion of audio data over the internet, making it possible to
stream radio broadcasts without significant interruptions
or buffering.

In 1995, Scott Bourne launched NetRadio.com, one of the first websites to aggregate
and provide access to a variety of internet radio stations. This site played a significant
role in popularizing Internet radio and making it more accessible to a wider audience.
 RADIODDITY.COM | CHOOSE CONNECTIVITY, CHOOSE RADIODDITY 33

The widespread adoption of broadband internet connections in the early 2000s

further fueled the growth of internet radio. With faster internet speeds, users could expe-
rience smoother streaming and access a wider range of radio stations and content.

Internet radio also began to integrate into various devices, such as smartphones,
tablets, and smart speakers, making it even more convenient for users to access their
favorite radio stations and content on the go. Internet radio has revolutionized the way
people consume audio content. It has democratized access to radio stations worldwide,
allowing users to tune in to stations from different countries and cultures. It has also
enabled niche and specialized radio stations to thrive, providing listeners with a wider
variety of programming options.

Looking to the future, internet radio is expected to continue to grow and evolve. New
technologies, such as personalized recommendations and interactive features, are likely
to further enhance the user experience. Additionally, the integration of Internet radio with
other forms of media, such as podcasts and social media, could create even more
engaging and immersive audio experiences.
 RADIODDITY.COM | CHOOSE CONNECTIVITY, CHOOSE RADIODDITY 34

How does Internet Radio Work?

Unlike traditional radio broadcasting, which uses terres-
trial radio waves to transmit signals, Internet radio uses the
Internet Protocol (IP) to transmit audio data over a comput-
er network. Internet radio works by streaming audio over
the internet. This means that the audio is sent to the listen-
er's device in small packets, rather than being stored on
the device. This allows the listener to start listening to the
radio station immediately, without having to wait for the
entire file to download.

The following steps outline the process of how Internet radio works:

1. The radio station encodes the audio signal into a

digital format. This digital format is typically MP3 or
AAC.

2. The encoded audio is then sent to a streaming server.

The streaming server is responsible for sending the
audio to the listener's device.
3. When a listener tunes in to an internet radio station,
their device sends a request to the streaming server.
The streaming server then begins sending the audio to the listener's device.
4. The listener's device decodes the audio and plays it back through the speakers.

Internet radio is a relatively new technology, but it has quickly become popular. This
is due to the many benefits that it offers over traditional radio, such as a wider variety of
channels, global reach, portability, and on-demand listening.
 RADIODDITY.COM | CHOOSE CONNECTIVITY, CHOOSE RADIODDITY 35

Shortwave Radio Toolkit

I mentioned before if you want to make listening to shortwave radio a hobby you may
want to make a log of the stations you have found. You will want to have a listing of
current shortwave stations. You may also want to include some shortwave organizations
and clubs. Everything you gather can be considered your shortwave radio toolkit which
will enhance your listening experience and enjoyment.

You may find many websites and software that offer ways to log the
stations you have found. SWLog is one site that I found.

https://swlog.us/?gclid=EAIaIQobChMI7q_Gnt-eg
QMVUsTICh0ZYAM_EAAYBCAAEgLdKfD_BwE

One example of a frequency guide is the 2023 Shortwave

Frequency Guide.

https://klingenfuss.org/swfguide.htm

To get you started with associations there is the NASWA North American Shortwave
Association.

https://www.naswa.net/

You can also do a Google search to find clubs in your area.

 RADIODDITY.COM | CHOOSE CONNECTIVITY, CHOOSE RADIODDITY 36

Appendix: RF320 and RF75A

App Installation Instructions
Both the Raddy RF320 and RF75A will use the same App to control their radios.

Attachment 1: Instructions for App installation

Step 1: turn on the radio RF320

Step 2: download the APP

Android System: Use your mobile browser to scan the following QR code to
download the APP

iOS System: Go to "App Store" and search "Radio-CT" to download the App

Android: QR code iOS: APP store

Radio-C Radio-CT

2.1: Click “download” → Click “continue” → Installation finished, click “open the app”
→ APP icon is displayed
 RADIODDITY.COM | CHOOSE CONNECTIVITY, CHOOSE RADIODDITY 37

2.2: Click the APP icon to enter and use → Click the Bluetooth symbol at at the bottom
right on the APP → Click “permit” → Click the symbol again → Choose “RF320-BLE”
→ “Successful connection”
 RADIODDITY.COM | CHOOSE CONNECTIVITY, CHOOSE RADIODDITY 38

Attachment 2: Description of Symbols on App Interface

1 2 3 4 5

8
9

6 10
11
7
12

13
14 20
15 21

22
16
23
24
17 25
18 26
27
19
28

29 30 31

No. Symbols Functions

1 Demodulation Demodulation mode symbol
2 Bandwidth Bandwidth
3 SNR Signal-to-noise ratio
4 RSSI Signal intensity
5 VOL Volume symbol
6 Band Click to select the FM, AM, SW, VHF
 RADIODDITY.COM | CHOOSE CONNECTIVITY, CHOOSE RADIODDITY 39

No. Symbols Functions

7-1: “Preset” display: meaning recall station: Press digital buttons
to select the memory station of number and then press "Enter" to
confirm.
7-2: “Preset” flashing: means manual station storage: find the
7 Preset
target frequency points, long press [MEMO], “Preset” symbol is
flashing, and then press the or press the digital buttons to
select preset channel number. Press the [MEMO] key to confirm.
7-3: “Preset--” symbol: There are no stored stations
8 View the device version
9 Battery symbol
10 Radio Frequency display
11 KHZ MHZ Unit display
Edit the name of the frequency station: Long press this location
12 and enter the current frequency according to the language
prompt.
13-1: press: enter recall station mode: press button select
station.
13-2: long press: manual station storage: find the target frequency
13 MEMO
points, long press [MEMO] key, “Preset” symbol is flashing, press
the to select preset channel number. Press [MEMO] key to
confirm.
14 Unit display
Switch between TF card play mode and Bluetooth play mode
Note: If you need to play music in Bluetooth mode, please open
15
the mobile phone Bluetooth connection, select "RF320" in the
search list, you can play after successful connection.
16-1: Digital key dot frequency: press [ENTER] key, press the
digital buttons which your target frequency point, and the press
[ENTER] key to confirm.
16 16-2: Recall station: press the digital buttons you need, and then
press [ENTER] key to confirm.
16-3: Select track selection: press the digital buttons that you
need, and then press [ENTER] key to confirm.
 RADIODDITY.COM | CHOOSE CONNECTIVITY, CHOOSE RADIODDITY 40

No. Symbols Functions

17 METE In SW mode, select meter wave
18-1: In reception mode, long press to search the channels
stored automatically.
18 SCAN
18-2: In WB band, long press to enter alarm mode, long press
again to exit.
19 Set/close the clock
20-1: In SW mode, press to switch between 11-meter waves.
20 SUB BAND
20-2: In FM mode, press to switch between 4-meter waves.
+/- (adjust the frequency/choose a song/take a channel/choose
21
an address for storing channels)
22-1: EQ: for play mode:
E1: NORMAL E2: POP E3: ROCK E4: JAZZ E5: CLASSIC
22 SQ/EQ E6: COUNTRY
22-2: SQ: In the AIR band mode, press SQ to toggle the squelch
switch.
23 VOL + - Volume +/-
24 BAND Band switching
25-1: Power on/Power off
25-2: Disconnect APP connection:
After pressing “off” on the APP interface, the radio displays the
25
time state, long press [MOD] on the button of the radio.
The radio displays “bLE OFF”, which means APP is disconnected
forcibly.
26-1: Long press to turn on /turn off SOS alarm.
26 SOS
26-2: Press to turn on /turn off the light.
27 LOCK Long press to lock, long press again to unlock
28 Connect the mobile APP to the radio
29 Equipment calibration time
30 Set your Sleep Time
Record in Radio reception mode
31 REC Note: Insert the TF card into the radio before recording. Press to
enter the recording mode. Press again to exit.
 RADIODDITY.COM | CHOOSE CONNECTIVITY, CHOOSE RADIODDITY 41

Attachment 3: Working Modes on App Interface

Instruction 1: In play music mode, directly click the symbol on interface to choose an
EQ sound effect: NORMAL, POP, ROCKJAZZ, CLASSIC, COUNTRY
Instruction 2: In TF play mode, click TF card play order to choose:
(Repeat all, the radio displays: rA)
(Repeat one, the radio displays: rO)
(Repeat the songs in current folder, the radio displays: rF)
(Random play, the radio displays: rr)
 RADIODDITY.COM | CHOOSE CONNECTIVITY, CHOOSE RADIODDITY 42

Other Books by this Author

You will find other eBooks, paperbacks, and hardcover books on Amazon.com by this
author.

Radio Communications: FRS, GMRS, MURS, and LMR Explained

Complete Beginner’s Handbook on DMR

D-STAR Digital Smart Technologies for Amateur Radio

DMR – Digital Mobile Radio Explained

DMR – Digital Mobile Radio Explained BTECH DMR 6x2 Pro Edition

Building the Demo Bot

Robot Arm Assembly and Programming Guide

Student’s Guide to Building Robots

Student’s Guide for Making Your Own Small Robot

The Air Gunner Hobbyist: Beginner’s Guide

 RADIODDITY.COM | CHOOSE CONNECTIVITY, CHOOSE RADIODDITY 43

Reference Links
Radioddity: https://www.radioddity.com

Heathkit: https://www.heathkit.com

FCC: https://www.fcc.gov

Radio Garden: https://radio.garden/?r=1

SDR#: https://airspy.com/

FlexRadio: https://www.flexradio.com/ssdr/

Websdr website: www.websdr.org (Warning: not a secure website)

K3FEF Streaming website: www.k3fef.com (Warning: not a secure website)

SWLog: https://swlog.us/?gclid=EAIaIQobChMI7q_Gnt-egQMVUsTICh0ZYAM_EAAYB
CAAEgLdKfD_BwE

Klingenfuss 2023 Shortwave Frequency Guide: https://klingenfuss.org/swfguide.htm

KiwiSDR: http://kiwisdr.com

NASWA North American Shortwave Association: https://www.naswa.net/

Bing Creator: https://bing.com/create

Google Bard for research: https://bard.google.com

Copyright © 2023 by E.T. Bryant. All rights reserved worldwide.

No part of this publication may be replicated, or redistributed, in any form without the
prior written consent of the author. Except for Radioddity who has permitted the use
of their images.
 Contact Radioddity :
Contact Raddy : [email protected]

[email protected] https://www.radioddity.com/
https://www.iraddy.com/ https://www.facebook.com/radioddity

https://www.youtube.com/c/Radioddityradio