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Quantum Circuits

QUANTUM COMPUTING

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SAMBIT CHOWDHURY Roll no.-65Sec-CSBS
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24 views

Quantum Circuits

QUANTUM COMPUTING

Uploaded by

SAMBIT CHOWDHURY Roll no.-65Sec-CSBS
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Quantum Circuits

Quantum Circuits
Just like we can draw a classical circuit diagram consisting
of bits and logic gates, we can draw quantum circuit
diagrams consisting of qubits and quantum gates.
HSTH|0⟩ :

With
Measurment
Quantum Circuits

A great web-based tool for simulating quantum circuits


is Quirk at : https://algassert.com/quirk

Another one is at https://thequantumlaend.de/quantum-


circuit-designer/
Quantum Circuits

Try HSTH|0⟩ with and


without Quirk
Quantum Circuits
Quantum Circuits
Mathematical
Representations
Mathematical Representations
Qubits are Column Vectors
We write |0⟩ and |1⟩ as column vectors
Mathematical Representations
A generic qubit with amplitudes α and β would be
Mathematical Representations
For example, |i⟩ can be written as a column vector:
Mathematical Representations
Question: A qubit is in the following state:

Write this state as a column vector.


Mathematical Representations
Gates are matrices
Mathematical Representations

Let

Applying U transforms this to

Using Matrix
Mathematical Representations

Then, as a
matrix,
Mathematical Representations
Question: Consider an operator U performs the following mapping
on the Z-basis states:
Mathematical Representations
Mathematical Representations

Without Matrix

With Matrix
Mathematical Representations

HXH = Z
Mathematical Representations
Mathematical Representations
Row Vectors
In quantum computing, we typically
use the conjugate transpose, which is
obtained by taking the complex
conjugate of each component of the
transpose. It is denoted by † (a dagger)
This is used so frequently in quantum
mechanics that bra-ket notation has a
special way of writing it: with an angle
bracket and a vertical bar, called a bra
Mathematical Representations
Then, a bra is the conjugate transpose of a ket, and
conversely, a ket is the conjugate transpose of a bra

DUAL DUAL

DUAL
Mathematical Representations

The Dual of Is given by


Mathematical Representations
Question: Consider the following two states |a⟩ and |b⟩

Answer the following questions:


(a) What is ⟨a| in terms of ⟨0| and ⟨1|?
(b) What is ⟨a| as a row vector?
(c) What is ⟨b| in terms of ⟨0| and ⟨1|?
(d) What is ⟨b| as a row vector?
Mathematical Representations
Mathematical Representations
Inner Products :
Say we have two states,

The inner-product of |ψ⟩ and |φ⟩ is defined


as ⟨ψ| times |φ⟩:
SCALER

=
Mathematical Representations
Question: Consider

(a) Find ⟨a|b⟩


(b) Find ⟨b|a⟩
(c) What is the relationship between your answers to parts (a) and
(b)?
Mathematical Representations

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