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Note de Synthese Conférence de L'eau Marseille

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Note de Synthese Conférence de L'eau Marseille

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baptiste.parissteam
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© © All Rights Reserved
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PARIS Baptiste

LAUTHIER Gaspard
KIENTEGA Grace Astrid
Nice 2024
Note de synthèse sur la journée sur la gestion intégrée de l’eau par les collectivités territoriales :

Collectivités territoriales méditerranéenne (Institue Méditerranéen de l’Eau)


Le 23/04/2024

Objet : Les réflexions sur la stratégie territoriale de la gestion de l’eau à long terme.
The reflections on territorial strategy of long-term water gestion.

I. Evolution and perspective of water resource one the globe


The day on integrated wat management by Mediterranean territorial collectivity, has for purpose
gather different representative from territories, like the city of Marseille, Nice, Casablanca, Rabat et
Bastia. Multiple actors of divers origine was present in order to echange to their experience and their
objective future, the latter being in confrontation with different management of the resource. Having
a similar climate between the actors, it is important of mutualization idea in order to have a manage-
ment of water resource more efficacy. As a result, « l’Institut Méditerrané de l’Eau (IME) » begin cread
in 1910 in Morocco. The IME is an actor in evolution a knowledge and behavior in material water in
Mediterranean.
Several numbers are cited for proved the importance of this common problematique. Notably, a
particular in the climate of Mediterrnean, the impact of the climate warming is 20% more compare of
the other region. The event cread great water stress, remind today 1,7 billion habitations are con-
fronted this risk in the word. This day, we can remind that water stress is real problem that will have to
get worse in the future. Water scarcity is a characteristic of severe water stress in many towns of the
mediterrannean.
This has a big consequence, for example, Casablanca megalopolis of the Mediterranean regio, un-
dergoes since 6 year a drought, a urgence action plan has been put in place. Other example, the de-
partment Var several communes prived water current. For consequences a bottled water supply in
these municipality for summer 2023.
And more, a prospect in the future on the water resources is important issue. In the horizons 2100,
60% to 70% of the population will be impacted by the hydric stress compare 25 to 30% for the other
peoples. (Source BETEC). It is good of know actuality national and international conflicts are present
hanks to this resource. With these estimations the conflicts are likely to get worse. It is primordial to
implement numerous solutions for a future with water.
Water is an essential resource for life, but also for population growth.

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II. Strategies implementation by communities
The presence of this pressures and the impact of global warming for some years now, the
mediterranean territories in response to this challenge, we have adopted strategies and set up
systems for managing and exploiting the resource in order to fight against events similar to those
of the drought crisis of 2022.
To achieve this, metropolises are setting up master plans to diagnose the existing situation
and lay down guidelines for the period up to 2050, as is currently the case for Marseille and the
other cities mentioned above. The aim is to improve our knowledge of our assets and define
solutions, such as awareness campaigns and network rehabilitation. Network maintenance is
necessary to improve efficiency and minimize water loss. Other strategies have been adopted, for
example in Catalonia, they use a lot of desalination. In Barcelona, they use alternative water
resources with a master plan on groundwater, reclaimed water, grey water, rainwater from roofs,
mountains or torrents. They also use the sustainable urban drainage system (SuDS) on direct
seawater.
Also to limit the use of so-called conventional water for purposes other than human
consumption to a minimum, many cities have adopted the idea of developing a network enabling
the use of non-conventional, so-called raw water for uses that are not essential to the preservation
of life, such as agriculture, industry and tourism. For exemple at Murcia in Spain, they use 97% of
the reuse and desalination for agriculture.
For limit the simultaneous use of water resources by different sectors of activity,
consumption rotation systems have been introduced, such as restricting car washing to 3 days out
of 7, and watering green spaces except those irrigated with non-conventional water. Also, they
noticed that the water network management in which leak management would save 10 % of
water at Casablanca in Marocco.

III. Strategies put in place by collectivities.


After having carried out certain actions since the drought crisis was taken into account, the
municipalities mentioned have drawn up plans already in place, like those mentioned above. But
in a concern for the prosperity of the resource he continues to establish management plans and
works to limit the lack of resources.
So, in this sense, Casablanca that face an increased drought works on some polities that are
the vertical collaboration between this region and the government; the horizontal collaboration
between this region and other regions (notably the northern regions). Casablanca is currently
working on the creation of a structure, notably a desalination plant the largest to date in Africa,
which will be operational in 2027.
On the French territory the Métropole Nice Côte d'Azur is working on the construction of the
«Haliotis2» wastewater treatment plant, which is the reconstruction of the former main
wastewater treatment plant of Nice, in this new plan, it will have energy recovery, thermal energy
recovery, direct reuse of treated water, and it will be able to treat more pollution load for more
population.
We can also notice that in Rabat there are good and inspiring water treatment facilities.

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IV. Regulatory aspects.
In addition to their technical aspects, these projects comply with european legislation
guaranteeing respect for the resource and the sharing in the different sectors of activitys and the
possibility to have quality water by every individual.
As said before the water ressource is a reserve at protec with the schema director which has
target the renew of canalisation for avoid water leaks. The law Grenelle II of 12 July 2010
encouraging compliance with networks with an efficiency of 85% or 65% plus 1/5 of the network
lenght orin the third situation if water consumption exceeds 2 000 000 m3/year.
The 2006 Law on Water and Aquatic Environments, aimed at sharing water resources equitably
between different activities. This is in the interests of protecting ecosystems and guaranteeing
abundant, high-quality water.
As for the water framework directive, it was instructed to enable the resource to achieve good
ecological and chemical status.

V. Conclusion
During this day, the importance of cooperation between the different countries of the
Mediterranean basin was the main element addressed. Each country was able to present its solutions
and its perspectives of infrastructure to be implemented.
The objective is to present the different issues to which each of the countries concerned by this
assembly are exposed, in order to find answers that can constitute future solutions for each of the
countries.
Each community is exposed to different risks and especially to various intensities, for example with
Casablanca which suffers, as previously mentioned, a drought for more than 6 years, unlike some cities
and countries that are just affected by this drought problem. Geographical situations regarding water
stress are bound to change and evolve.
The goal is to prepare for these problems of water quality and quantity.

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