UNIT 3: GREEN LIVING

A. KIẾN THỨC TRỌNG TÂM.

BẢNG TỪ VỰNG
STT Từ vựng Từ loại Phiên âm Nghĩa

1. awareness n /əˈ
weənəs/ sự nhận thức
2. carbon footprint n /ˌ
kɑːbənˈ
fʊtprɪnt/ tổng lượng phát thải khí nhà
kính
3. resource n /rɪˈ
sɔːs/ nguồn tài nguyên
4. efficiently adv /ɪˈ
fɪʃntli/ một cách hiệu quả
5. eco-friendly adj /ˌ
ikː əʊ ˈ
frendli/ thân thiện/ tốt cho hệ sinh
thái
6. decompose v /ˌ
diːkəmˈ
pəʊz/ phân huỷ
7. reusable adj /ˌ
riːˈ
juːzəbl/ có thể tái sử dụng
8. single-use adj /ˌ
sɪŋɡl ˈ
juːs/ dùng một lần
9. ecotourism n /ˈ
ikː əʊtʊərɪzəm/ du lịch sinh thái
10. waste n /weɪst/ rác thải
11. landfill n /ˈ
lændfɪl/ bãi rác
12. reuse v /ˌ
riːˈ
juːz/ tái sử dụng
13. packaging n /ˈ
pækɪdʒɪŋ/ bao bì
14. container n /kənˈ
teɪnə(r)/ thùng, hộp, gói
15. recyclable adj /ˌ
riːˈ
saɪkləbl/ có thể tái chế
16. cardboard n/adj /ˈ
kɑːdbɔːd/ bìa cứng, làm bằng bìa cứng
17. leftover n /ˈ
leftəʊvə(r)/ thức ăn thừa
18. contaminated adj /kənˈ
tæmɪneɪtɪd/ nhiễm độc, nhiễm khuẩn
19. compost n /ˈ
kɒmpɒst/ phân hữu cơ
20. sort v /sɔːt/ phân loại
21. layer n /ˈ
leɪə(r)/ tầng, lớp
22. household waste n /ˌ
haʊshəʊld.weɪst/ rác thải sinh hoạt
23. fruit peel n /ˈ
fruːt piːl/ vỏ hoa quả
24. pile n /paɪl/ đống
25. recycle v /ˌ
riːˈ
saɪkl/ tái chế
26. sustainable adj /səˈ
steɪnəbl/ bền vững,thân thiện với môi
trường
27. release v /rɪˈ
liːs/ thải ra
28. raise awareness nâng cao nhận thức
29. clean up dọn dẹp
30. throw something vứt thứ gì đó
away
31. a waste of something lãng phí thứ gì
 32. go green sống xanh
33. get rid of loại bỏ
34. rinse out rửa sạch
35. in the long run về lâu dài
36. in the về lâu dài/ trong thời gian
long/medium/short không xa/ trong thời gian
term trước mắt

II. NGỮ PHÁP.

1. Động từ đi với giới từ (Verbs with prepositions)
- Nhiều động từ đi với một giới từ được theo sau bởi một tân ngữ. Nghĩa của hai từ này thường có nghĩa tương
tự với nghĩa của động từ ban đầu.
Ví dụ:
Động từ với about ask about (hỏi về), care about (quan tâm về), talk about (nói về), learn
about (học hỏi về)
Động từ với for ask for (hỏi xin), apply for (ứng tuyển), apologise for (xin lỗi về việc), wait
for (chờ đợi ai/ cái gì), prepare for (chuẩn chị cho ai/ cái gì)
Động từ với on agree on (đồng ý về), base on (dựa trên), depend on (phụ thuộc vào), rely
on (dựa dẫm vào)
Động từ với to introduce to (giới thiệu đến ai), refer to (ám chỉ đến), respond to (phản hồi đến),
listen to (lắng nghe), explain to (giải thích cho ai)
- Trong một số trường hợp, một động từ và một giới từ được kết hợp để tạo thành một cụm động từ (hai từ).
Nghĩa của một cụm động từ thường rất khác so với nghĩa của động từ chính. Các cụm động từ sử dụng trạng từ
cũng như các giới từ.
Ví dụ: work out (tập luyện), carry out (tiến hành), turn on (bật lên/ mở), look for (tìm kiếm), look after (chăm
sóc), look up (tra cứu)
2. Mệnh đề quan hệ ám chỉ cả một câu (Relative clauses referring to a whole sentence)
- Chúng ta có thể sử dụng một mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định để ám chỉ đến toàn bộ thông tin trong một hay
nhiều mệnh đề trước nó. Loại mệnh đề này được sử dụng với đại từ quan hệ which. Chúng ta cũng thêm dấu
phẩy trước which.
Ví dụ: More and more people are interested in recycling nowadays, which is good for the environment.
(Ngày càng có nhiều người quan tâm đến việc tái chế, điều này tốt cho môi trường.)
(= The fact that more and more people are interested in recycling nowadays is good for the environment.)
(= Việc ngày càng có nhiều người quan tâm đến việc tái chế là điều tốt cho môi trường.)

UNIT PRACTICE
EX 1. Find the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of
the following questions.
1. A. explore B. reduce C. equipment D. stress
2. A. follow B. coral C. local D. ecotour
3. A. identify B. ecosystem C. deforestation D. consequence
4. A. danger B. giant C. average D. global
5. A. respiratory B. research C. cause D. survive

EX 2. Find the word that differs from the other three in the position of stress in each of the
following questions.
1. A. tourist B. damage C. explore D. litter
2. A. scenery B. traveller C. barrier D. recommend
3. A. ecotour B. attraction C. researcher D. tourism
4. A. collection B. suggestion C. touristy D. equipment
5. A. sustainable B. responsible C. traditional D. consequential

EX 3. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Question 1. Different kinds of waste are dumped in _____ sites.
A. landfill B. leftover C. resource D. footprint
Question 2. Leaving the tap running while washing the dishes is purely a _____ of clean water.
A. awareness B. waste C. pile D. packaging
Question 3. We organised a community event to _____ the polluted beaches.
A. get rid of B. go green C. rinse out D. clean up
Question 4. By taking fewer flights, we can help to reduce our _____ significantly.
A. cardboard B. leftover C. fruit peel D. carbon footprint
Question 5. Plastic bags _____ very slowly, which poses a threat to the ecosystem.
A. release B. reuse C. decompose D. recycle
Question 6. Protecting the environment is crucial for a more _____ future.
A. sustainable B. reusable C. single-use D. recyclable
Question 7. We can use leftovers to make simple _____ to enrich the soil.
A. waste B. container C. compost D. layer
Question 8. The ocean was _____ as a result of a recent oil spill.
A. sorted B. decomposed C. recycled D. contaminated
Question 9. Many celebrities adopt a green lifestyle, _____ helps the environment a lot.
A. that B. what C. whose D. which
Question 10. Unless people _____ poaching animals, many species will become extinct.
A. stopped B. stop C. had stopped D. to stop
Question 11. In the long _____, cities of the future will rely heavily on renewable energy and smart
infrastructure to sustain growth.
A. time B. run C. period D. phase
Question 12. Urban planners will need to _____ integrate green spaces and public transportation into the
design of future cities.
A. efficiently B. professionally C. eco-friendly D. resourcefully
Question 13. Developers may be _____ from building in flood-prone areas as climate change impacts become
more severe.
A. discouraged B. encouraged C. prevented D. permitted
Question 14. The construction of the new smart city was _____ due to financial and environmental challenges.
A. dropped by B. held down C. called off D. fallen off
Question 15. The injured squirrel had been treated before being _____ to its natural habitat.
A. boycotted B. reintroduced C. recycled D. punished
Question 16. We _____ an online survey to determine young people’s attitudes towards green living.
A. turned off B. carried out C. looked after D. applied for
Question 17. _____ plastics do much harm to the environment and should be replaced with reusable
alternatives.
A. Single-use B. Breathtaking C. Extinct D. Sustainable
Question 18. You can use fruit peels to make compost instead of _____ them.
A. making use of B. cleaning up C. rinsing out D. getting rid of
Question 19. We _____ air pollution as long as we travel by public transport.
A. can reduce B. would reduce C. reduced D. would have reduced
Question 20. Oil spills pose a significant danger to the survival of _____ communities.
A. powered B. sustainable C. conscious D. marine
Question 21. Many consumers choose to _____ clothing items that are made from animal parts.
A. emit B. breed C. boycott D. sort
Question 22. There has been a significant decline in fish populations due to _____.
A. overfishing B. publicity C. hospitality D. scenery
Question 23. Businesses that adopt environmentally-friendly practices are given _____, such as paying less tax.
A. layers B. leftovers C. piles D. incentives
Question 24. The decision was postponed, ____ was exactly what he wanted.
A. which B. that C. who D. whom
Question 25. There were two small rooms in the beach house ____ served as a kitchen.
A. the smaller of which B. the smallest of which C. the smaller of them D. smallest of that
Question 26. Jill isn't on the phone, ____ makes it difficult to contact her.
A. which B. that C. who D. it
Question 27. We can't find the chainsaw ____ we cut all the wood up with.
A. that B. what C. who D. whereby
Question 28. The cost of installing a solar panel system is too high, ______ is a hindrance in the transition
initiative to a green energy.
A. that B. who C. when D. which
Question 29. The shift to a more sustainable lifestyle often involves adopting a(n) _____ economy, where
waste is minimized by reusing materials.
A. circular B. linear C. fossil D. open
Question 30. To make a product more environmentally friendly, companies often aim for _____ materials that
are sourced sustainably.
A. organic B. synthetic C. artificial D. processed

EX 4. Put in the correct preposition where necessary.

1. Many people approve ______ using renewable energy sources like solar and wind power to protect the
environment.
2. The company apologised ______ their excessive plastic packaging and promised to make eco-friendly
changes.
3. If we truly care ______ the planet, we must reduce our carbon footprint and live more sustainably.
4. I sympathise ______ those struggling to adopt a zero-waste lifestyle, as it requires significant changes.
5. We can count ______ renewable energy to provide clean power without harming the environment.
6. It can be challenging to adjust ______ a plant-based diet, but it greatly reduces environmental impact.
7. Governments should invest ______ public transportation systems to encourage people to drive less and reduce
emissions.
8. Many green initiatives aim ______ reducing the use of fossil fuels in everyday life.
9. I congratulated my neighbour ______ installing solar panels and taking a big step toward sustainable living.
10. Future generations will benefit ______ the eco-friendly choices we make today.

EX 5. Combine the following sentences using relative clause.

1. They started using solar energy for their home. That impressed their neighbours.
→ ________________________________________________________________________________________ .
2. The community held a tree-planting event. That delighted environmental advocates.
→ ________________________________________________________________________________________ .
3. The government introduced new environmental policies. I didn't expect that.
→ _______________________________________________________________________________ unexpected.
4. They delayed the community clean-up event. I hadn’t anticipated that.
→ ________________________________________________________________________________________ .
5. The company switched to renewable energy sources. Many people supported that.
→ ______________________________________________________________________________ many people.
6. The environmental group has 50 members. Half of them are students.
→ _________________________________________________________________________________________ .
7. They signed an agreement. Several green initiatives are included with it.
→ ________________________________________________________________________________________ .
8. The company implemented several sustainability projects. Many of these projects were successful.
→ ________________________________________________________________________________________ .
9. This is the organization. It advocates for zero-waste living.
→ ________________________________________________________________________________________ .
10. The city installed new public bike racks. Local artists were involved in their design.
→ __________________________________________________________________________________ involved.

EX 6. Read the following school announcement/ school message and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on
your answer sheet to indicate the correct option that best fits each of the numbered blanks .
GREEN CLASSROOM COMPETITION ANNOUNCEMENT
Join us in protecting the environment!
Participate (11) the Green Classroom Competition.
Reduce, reuse, and (12) to win exciting prizes.
Time: 2:00 PM
Date: Friday, February 7th
Place: School Auditorium Let's make a (13) _____ together!
Question 1. A. to B. with C. on D. in
Question 2. A. recycle B. release C. emit D. Boycott
Question 3. A. different B. differ C. difference D. differently

SCHOOL YOUTH UNION MESSAGE

Let's protect our planet, together!
Reduce waste by using (14) bags and bottles.
Recycle paper, plastic, and glass.
Conserve energy by (15) lights and electronics when not in use.
Plant trees and participate in clean-up events. Small actions make a big difference!
Let's (16) our school and environment clean and green.
Question 4. A. powered B. reusable C. extinct D. conscious
Question 5. A. basing on B. applying for C. turning off D. cutting down
Question 6. A. set B. choose C. keep D. have

Help Reduce Your Carbon Footprint! Recycle now!

WHY?
• Recycling glass reduces (7) __________ waste.
• Reusing glass means less landfill waste.
HOW?
• Bring your glass bottles and jars to our recycling centre.
• Clean your glass items before (8) __________ them off.
 • Get rewarded! Earn a small money reward for every kilogram of glass (9) __________.
Let's work together for a greener future!
Question 7. A. house B. household C. housing D. home
Question 8. A. taking B. pulling C. sending D. dropping
Question 9. A. recycle B. recycling C. you recycle D. is recycled

Join Our Environmental Campaign!

Looking for volunteers!
- Help (10) ______waste into recyclable categories.
- Use (11) ______boxes for easy recycling.
- Make a difference in your community.
Join us in (12) ______the environment! Together, we can create a cleaner, greener world.
Sign up today!
Question 10. A. decompose B. reuse C. protest D. sort
Question 11. A. cardboard B. incentive C. publicity D. awareness
Question 12. A. to protecting B. protecting C. protect D. to protect

EX 7. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct arrangement of the
sentences to make a meaningful paragraph for the following question.
Question 1.
a. Second, it prevents environmental destruction by promoting sustainable practices.
b. Making small changes today can lead to a more sustainable and prosperous tomorrow.
c. By reducing single-use items, we conserve resources and minimise waste.
d. Going green offers numerous advantages for both individuals and the planet.
e. First, it helps reduce our carbon footprint, lessening the harm caused by greenhouse gases.
f. Additionally, going green raises awareness about environmental issues, fostering a sense of responsibility
towards the Earth.
g. Finally, embracing eco-friendly habits not only benefits the environment but also promotes healthier lifestyles
for ourselves and future generations.
A. d – e – a – b – c – f – g B. b – d – e – a – c – f – g
C. d – e – a – c – f – g – b D. d – e – a – c – g – f – b
Question 2.
a. Therefore, we recommend that you put the suggested solutions into practice as soon as possible.
b. Third, we recommend that we make use of plastic waste in arts and crafts projects, for example, for making
plant pots or bird feeders.
c. Second, the Youth Union should hold regular sessions to teach students how to recycle properly.
d. This report suggests three main solutions to the problem of single-use products in our school.
e. First, we suggest that the school should provide more recycling bins.
f. Reusing and recycling single-use plastics will lead to a greener school environment and help promote a green
lifestyle among young people.
A. d – e – c – f – b – a B. d – e – c – b – a – f
C. d – e – b – c – f – a D. d – e – c – b – f – a
Question 3
a. Before recycling, remember to rinse out containers and packaging to avoid contamination.
b. Compostables consist of organic waste such as fruit peels and leftover food. Collect them in the compost
bin.
c. Non-recyclables, such as single-use plastics and contaminated materials, should be placed in the waste bin.
d. Recyclables include items like cardboard, packaging, and containers made of recyclable materials. Place them
in the recycling bin.
e. Then, separate your household waste into different categories: recyclables, compostables, and non-
recyclables.
A. e – a – b – c – d B. e – a – d – e – b C. a – e – b – d – c D. a – e – d – b – c
Question 4
a. For these reasons, we should encourage everyone to have a greener lifestyle.
b. In addition, it can significantly decrease household waste, preventing it from ending up in landfills.
c. Lastly, it contributes to a cleaner environment in the long run.
d. Living green is important for several reasons.
e. To begin with, it helps reduce our carbon footprint, lowering the total amount of greenhouse gases
emitted into the atmosphere.
A. a – e – b – c – d B. d – e – b – c – a C. a – b – e – c – d D. d – b – e – c – a

EX 8. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct option that best fits
each of the numbered blanks.
Passage 1
Using plastic bags poses several disadvantages to (1) ______. Firstly, plastic bags often end up in landfills, where
they take hundreds of years to decompose, (2) ______. Secondly, many plastic bags are not reused or recycled,
worsening the waste problem.
Thirdly, plastic bags can contaminate soil and waterways, (3) ______ wildlife and ecosystems. Moreover, the
production of plastic bags (4) ______ and contributes to greenhouse gas emissions. Finally, (5) ______ causes
environmental degradation and then increases human health risks. (6) ______, it is essential to reduce the use of
plastic bags and adopt more sustainable alternatives.
Question 1. A. either the environment nor human health
B. neither the environment or human health
C. both the environment and human health
D. not only the environment and human health
Question 2. A. which contributes to pollution and habitat destruction
B. when it contributes to pollution and habitat destruction
C. which it contributes to pollution and habitat destruction
D. contributed to pollution and habitat destruction
Question 3. A. harming B. to harm C. harmed D. harm
Question 4. A. consumes valuable resources B. consumed valuable resources
C. consuming valuable resources D. to consume valuable resources
Question 5. A. the use of widespread plastic bags B. the widespread use of plastic bags
C. the widespread plastic bags use D. the plastic bags of widespread use
Question 6. A. If we mitigated the issues B. Mitigating these issues
C. Unless we mitigate the issues D. To mitigate these issues
Passage 2
More and more people are adopting a green lifestyle by (1) ______. This helps to cut down on the total amount
of greenhouse gas emissions produced by human activities, such as transportation and energy consumption. For
example, instead of using single-use packaging, more people now use reusable containers and packaging, (2)
______ waste and decrease the amount of cardboard and packaging materials sent to landfills. Additionally,
many households use fruit peels and leftover food to create organic compost instead of throwing them away.
These activities can reduce the amount of household waste sent to landfills (3) ______ to a healthier
environment. Besides, many people have participated in community clean-up events to remove litter from parks,
beaches, and other public spaces. (4) ______, individuals help prevent pollution and protect wildlife habitats.
Overall, the reduction of carbon footprints and adoption of eco-friendly practices are important (5) ______ a
sustainable future. While these changes may seem small, they can have a significant impact when implemented
on a large scale. By making greener choices in their daily lives, individuals can contribute to a cleaner
environment and (6) ______.
Question 1. A. they reduce carbon footprints B. reduce carbon footprints
C. reducing carbon footprints D. reduction carbon footprints
Question 2. A. to helps reduce B. to helping reduce
C. which it helps reduce D. which helps reduce
Question 3. A. contribute B. and contribute C. but contribute D. which contributes
Question 4. A. By keeping these areas clean B. On keeping these areas cleaning
C. As we kept these areas clean D. These areas keeping clean
Question 5. A. to create B. for create C. for we create D. we create
Question 6. A. a healthier planet for future generations B. future generations for a healthier planet
C. a future planet for healthier generations D. healthier generations for a future planet

EX 9. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or
phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
Passage 1
Ice melting adds to rising sea levels, (1) ______ increases coastal erosion and storms as warming air and
ocean temperatures create more frequent and stronger coastal storms like hurricanes and typhoons. Specifically,
the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets are the largest contributors (2) ______ global sea level rise. Right now,
the Greenland ice sheet is disappearing four times faster than in 2003 and already contributes 20% of (3) the
______ sea level rise.
How much and how quickly the Greenland and Antarctic ice melts in the future will largely determine how
much ocean levels rise in the future. (4) ______ emissions continue to rise, the current rate of melting on the
Greenland ice sheet is expected to double by the end of the century. Alarmingly, if all the ice on Greenland
melted, it (5) ______ global sea levels by 20 feet.
Adapted from: https://www.worldwildlife.org/pages/why-are-glaciers-and-sea-ice-melting
Question 1: A. whom B. who C. which D. that
Question 2: A. on B. in C. from D. to
Question 3: A. current B. old C. important D. wonderful
Question 4: A. While B. If C. Although D. Despite
Question 5: A. will raise B. raised C. had raised D. would raise
Passage 2
CITIES GOING GREEN
As more and more people concentrate in cities, planners are looking for ways to transform cities into better
living spaces, (1) ______ can be done by improving existing infrastructure while also creating more public (2)
______ that are both beautiful and green. This can be hard to accomplish, especially in cities with a haphazard
fashion. Some cities have been created with the idea of a green city as the goal.
One such city, Masdar City in the United Arab Emirates, aims to become a model for (3) ______ cities to
follow. It is being known as a truly green city that relies strictly on renewable sources such as solar energy to
provide all of its energy needs. (4) ______, it will be a zero waste city in which everything that is used can be
recycled. Whether it will truly (5) ______ its goal remains to be seen, but it will also act as an experiment for
environmentally friendly areas to be tested.
Question 1: A. why B. when C. which D. that
Question 2: A. rooms B. places C. spaces D. breaks
Question 3: A. other B. every C. one D. another
Question 4: A. Therefore B. In addition C. although D. However
Question 5: A. accompany B. access C. account D. accomplish

EX 10. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to
each of the questions.
Passage 1
Millions of animals are killed by plastics every year, from birds to fish to other marine organisms. Nearly 700
species, including endangered ones, are known to have been affected by plastics. Nearly every species of
seabird eats plastics.
Most of the deaths to animals are caused by starvation. Seals, whales, turtles, and other animals are trapped
by fishing nets. Microplastics have been found in more than 100 marine species, including fish and shrimp which
are for our dinner plates. In many cases, these tiny bits pass through the digestive system and are released
without consequence. But plastics have also been found to have blocked digestive organs, causing death.
Stomachs packed with plastics reduce the urge to eat, causing starvation.
Plastics have been consumed by land-based animals, including elephants, zebras, tigers, cattle, and other
large mammals, in some cases causing death.
Tests have also confirmed damage to liver and reproductive systems, causing some species, such as oysters,
to produce fewer eggs. New research shows that fish are eating nano-plastics in the first days of life, raising new
questions about the effects of plastics on fish populations.
Adapted from https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/plastic-pollution
Question 1: What would be the most suitable title for the passage?
A. How to Deal with Plastic in Ocean B. Plastic Pollution: A Threat to wildlife
C. The Role of Nanoplastics in Ecosystems D. Plastic Pollution and Its Causes
Question 2: How do most animals die when affected by plastics?
A. starvation B. accident C. poisoning D. disease
Question 3: The word “ones” in paragraph 1 refers to ______.
A. microplastics B. plastics C. organisms D. species
Question 4: The word “packed” in paragraph 2 is CLOSEST in meaning to ______.
A. big B. hurt C. filled D. harmful
Question 5: Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A. Plastics have been found in more than 100 marine species, including fish and shrimp.
B. Plastics have been consumed by both marine and land-based animals.
C. All species of seabirds consume plastics.
D. Micro plastics have been found to block digestive organs, causing death in some cases.
Passage 2
Forests cover 31% of the land area on our planet. They help people thrive and survive by, for example,
purifying water and air and providing people with jobs; some 13.2 million people across the world have a job in
the forest sector and another 41 million have a job that is related to the sector. Many animals also rely on
forests. Forests are home to more than three-quarters of the world’s life on land. Forests also play a critical role
in reducing climate change because they act as a carbon sink - soaking up carbon dioxide that would otherwise
be free in the atmosphere and contribute to ongoing changes in climate.
But forests around the world are under threat, which affects these benefits. The threats are deforestation and
forest degradation. The main cause of deforestation is agriculture (poorly planned infrastructure is developing as
a big threat too) and the main cause of forest degradation is illegal tree-cutting. In 2019, the tropics lost close to
30 soccer fields’ worth of trees every single minute.
Deforestation is a particular concern in tropical rain forests because these forests are home to much of the
world’s biodiversity. For example, in the Amazon around 17% of the forest has been lost in the last 50 years,
mostly due to forest change for cattle raising. Deforestation in this region is particularly common in more
populated areas, roads and rivers, but even remote areas have been polluted when valuable gold and oil are
discovered.
Adapted from: https://www.worldwildlife.org/threats/deforestation-and-forest-degradation
Question 1: What would be the most suitable title for the passage?
A. The Threats to Biodiversity in Tropical Rainforests B. The Impact of Deforestation on Climate Change
C. Forests: Our Treasure in Danger D. Jobs in the Forest Sector and Related Industries
Question 2: The word “thrive” in paragraph 1 is CLOSEST in meaning to _____.
A. protect B. decline C. ban D. develop
Question 3: The word “they” in paragraph 1 refers to _____.
A. animals B. forests C. people D. changes
Question 4: How do forests help in reducing climate change?
A. by providing jobs B. by purifying water and air
C. by acting as a carbon sink D. by being wildlife
Question 5: Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A. Agriculture is becoming a big threat to forests.
B. Deforestation is a cause of forest degradation.
C. The Amazon has lost 17% of its forest in the last 50 years.
D. 41 million people across the world have a job in the forest.
Passage 3
Humans are bringing about another global-scale change in the atmosphere: the increase in what are called
greenhouse gases. Like glass in a greenhouse, these gases admit the Sun's light but tend to reflect back
downward the heat that id radiated from the ground below, trapping heat in the Earth's atmosphere. This
process is known as the greenhouse effect. Carbon dioxide is the most significant of these gases - there is 25
percent more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere today than there was a century ago, the result of our burning
coal and fuels derived from oil. Methane, nitrous oxide, and CFCs are greenhouse gases as well.
Scientists predict that increases in these gases in the atmosphere will make the Earth a warmer place. They
expect a global rise in average temperature somewhere between 1.0 and 3.5 degrees Celsius in the next century.
Average temperatures have in fact been rising, and the years from 1987 to 1997 were the warmest years on
record. Some scientists are reluctant to say that global warming has actually begun because climate naturally
varies from year to year and decade to decade, and it takes many years of records to be sure of a fundamental
change. There is little disagreement, though, that global warming is looming.
Global warming will have different effects in different regions. A warmed world is expected to have a more
extreme weather, with more rain during wet periods, longer droughts, and more powerful storms. Although the
effects of future climate changes are unknown, some predict that exaggerated weather conditions may translate
into better agricultural yields in areas such as the western United States, where temperature and rainfall are
expected to increase, while dramatic decreases in rainfall may lead to severe droughts and plunging agricultural
yields in parts of Africa, for example.
Warmer temperatures are expected to partially melt the polar ice caps, leading to a projected sea level rise of
50 centimetres by the year 2050. A sea level rise of this magnitude would flood coastal cities, force people to
abandon low-lying islands, and completely inundate coastal wetlands. Diseases like malaria, which at present are
primarily found in the tropics, may become more common in the regions of the globe between the tropics and
the polar regions, called the temperate zones. For many of the world's plant species, and for animal species that
are not easily able to shift their territories as their habitat grows warmer, climate change may bring extinction.
Question 1. Which of the following could be the best title of the passage?
A. Global Warming: Possible Causes and Effects B. Global Warming: Advantages and Disadvantages
C. Global Warming: Problems and Solutions D. Global Warming: Future Reactions
Question 2. According to paragraph 1, which of the following factors causes an increase in greenhouse effect?
A. Humans B. Glass in a greenhouse C. Carbon dioxide D. Solar radiation
Question 3. The word "they" in paragraph 2 refers to _____.
A. gases B. scientists C. increases D. temperatures
Question 4. The word "looming" in paragraph 2 probably means _____.
A. appearing B. knowing C. fading D. ending
Question 5. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?
A. Global climate naturally changes over time.
B. Some scientists are not sure that global warming has begun.
C. Changes in climate are not easy to be documented.
D. Few scientists agree that global warming is looming.
Question 6. The word "plunging" in paragraph 3 probably means _____.
A. preventing B. decreasing C. improving D. increasing
Question 7. What may be the benefit of exaggerated weather conditions for the western United States?
A. Decrease in rainfall during wet periods B. Higher agricultural production
C. Minimal natural disasters D. Favourable weather conditions
Passage 4
It is hard to think of a world without gas or electricity. Both are commonly used for lighting and heating today.
We now can instantly flick a lighter or strike a match to make a flame. But it was not long ago that there were no
such things as matches or lighters. To make fire, it was necessary to strike a piece of iron on flint for sparks to
ignite some tinder. If the tinder was damp, or the flint old, you had to borrow some fire from a neighbor. We do
not know exactly when or how people first used fire. Perhaps, many ages ago, they found that sticks would burn
if they were dropped into some hole where melted lava from a volcano lay boiling. They brought the lighted
sticks back to make their fire in a cave. Or, they may have seen trees catch fire through being struck by
lightning, and used the trees to start their own fires.
Gradually people learned they could start a fire without traveling far to find flames. They rubbed two pieces ot
wood together. This method was used for thousands of years. When people became used to making fires with
which to cook food and stay warm at night, they found that certain resins or gums from trees burnt longer and
brighter. They melted resins and dipped branches in the liquid to make torches that lit their homes at night. Iron
stands in which torches used to be fixed can still be seen in old buildings of Europe.
There was no lighting in city streets until gas lamps, and then electric lamps were installed. Boys ran about
London at night carrying torches of burning material. They were called torch boys, or link boys, and earned a
living by guiding visitors to friends’ houses at night. For centuries homes were lit by candles until oil was found.
Even then, oil lamps were no more effective than a cluster of candles. We read about the splendors and marvels
of ancient palaces and castles, but we forget that they must have been gloomy and murky places at night.
Question 1. What does “they” in paragraph 1 refer to?
A. people B. ages C. sticks D. trees
Question 2. It is stated in the passage that torches for lighting were made from ______.
A. the wood of gum trees B. iron bars dipped in melted resins
C. wooden poles dipped in oil D. tree branches dipped in melted resins
Question 3. It is mentioned in the passage that before the electric lamp was invented, ________.
A. oil lamps and then candles were used B. candles and oil lamps appeared about the same time
C. candles and then oil lamps were used D. people did not use any form of lighting in their houses
Question 4. The word “splendors” in the passage could be best replaced by which of the following?
A. expensive object B. places of scenic beauty
C. achievements D. the beautiful and impressive features
Question 5. According to the passage, which of the following sentence is NOT true?
A. We know exactly when and how people first used fire
B. Before gas lamps and electric lamps appeared, streets were lit by torches
C. We can make a fire by striking a piece of iron on flint to ignite some tinder
D. Matches and lighters were invented not long ago
Question 6. The word “gloomy” in the passage is opposite in meaning to ________.
A. light B. badly decorated C. containing a lot of white D. mysterious
Question 7. What form of street lighting was used in London when link boys used to work
there?
A. Gas lighting B. No lighting at all C. Electric lighting D. Oil lighting