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SPRINT - ONE SHOT SERIES

PASTORLISTS IN THE MODERN WORLD PRACTICE SHEET

SECTION-A SECTION-B
Objective Type Questions (1 × 5 = 5) Very Short Answer Type Questions (2 × 5 = 10)
1. Which of the following regions is known for its 6. What are the main occupations of Raikas?
traditional pastoral nomadic communities?
(A) Coastal areas 7. Who were ‘Dhangars’?
(B) Plateau regions
(C) Urban centers 8. What are the major activities of the pastoral
(D) Rainforests communities of Africa?

9. What kind of duty was assigned to the warriors?

2. Pastoralists primarily depend on which of the
following activities for their livelihood?
10. Where is the Serengeti National Park located?
(A) Agriculture
(B) Fishing
(C) Animal husbandry SECTION-C
(D) Industrial work Short Answer Type Questions (3 × 5 = 15)
11. Who are nomadic pastoralists?
3. The term "Pastoralism" refers to:
(A) Farming and cultivation of crops 12. What happened to the animal’s stock when pasture
(B) Hunting and gathering of food lands were turned into cultivated lands?
(C) Rearing and herding of animals
(D) Trade and commerce in urban centers 13. Describe the life of pastoralists inhabiting the
mountains of India.
4. The Maasai community is a pastoral nomadic tribe
found in: 14. Name the pastoral communities of Africa. Where
(A) Australia are they found? What are their occupations?
(B) Central Asia
15. Under colonial rule, what were the changes in the
(C) East Africa
life of pastoralists?
(D) South America
SECTION-D
5. Which of the following animals is commonly Long Answer Type Questions (5 × 2 = 10)
reared by pastoralists in arid regions? 16. Where do the Raikas live? Mention characteristics
(A) Cattle of their economy and life.
(B) Pigs
(C) Ducks 17. Trace the movement of the Bakarwals of Jammu
(D) Sheep and Kashmir.
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ANSWER KEY
1. (B) 10. (Hints & Solutions)
2. (C) 11. (Hints & Solutions)
3. (C) 12. (Hints & Solutions)
4. (C) 13. (Hints & Solutions)
5. (D) 14. (Hints & Solutions)
6. (Hints & Solutions) 15. (Hints & Solutions)
7. (Hints & Solutions) 16. (Hints & Solutions)
8. (Hints & Solutions) 17. (Hints & Solutions)
9. (Hints & Solutions)
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HINTS AND SOLUTIONS

1. (B) Plateau regions 13. The Gujjar Bakarwals of Jammu and Kashmir, the
Gaddi shepherds of Himachal Pradesh, the Gujjar
2. (C) Animal husbandry
cattle herders of Garhwal and Kumaun, the
3. (C) Rearing and herding of animals Bhotiyas, the Sherpas and Kinnauris move
annually between their summer and winter grazing
4. (C) East Africa grounds governed by the cycle of seasonal
movements.
5. (D) Sheep
They adjust their movements to seasonal changes
6. Raikas combined a range of different activities- and make effective use of available pastures in
cultivation, trade, and herding to make their
different places. When pastures are exhausted or
living.
unstable in one place they move their herds to new
7. Dhangars’ were an important pastoral community
areas.
of Maharashtra.
8. They raise cattle, camels, goats, sheep and
14. The Bedouins, Berbers, Maasai, Somali, Boran
donkeys. They sell milk, meat, animal skin and
wool. and Turkana are some of the pastoral communities
of Africa.
9. They defended the community and organised
cattle raids. • Most of them are found in semi-arid
10. The Serengeti National Park is in Tanzania. grasslands or arid deserts where rainfed
agriculture is difficult.
11. Nomads are people who do not live at one place
but move from one area to another to earn their • They raise cattle, camels, goats, etc. and sell
living. their products like milk and meat. Others earn
• In many parts of India, we can see nomadic their living through trade and transport. Some
pastoralists on the move with their herds of of then combine pastoral activity with
goats and sheep, or camels and cattle.
agriculture while still others do a variety of
• They move place to place in search of new
pastures for their herds of goats and sheep. odd jobs to supplement their meagre and
uncertain earnings.
12. As pasturelands disappeared under the plough, the
existing animal stock had to feed on whatever
grazing land remained. This led to continuous 15. Following were the changes that took place in the
intensive grazing of these pastures. Usually life of pastoralists under the colonial rule :
nomadic pastoralists grazed their animals in one
• Under colonial rule, the life of pastoralists
area and moved to another area. These pastoral
movements allowed time for the natural changed dramatically. Their grazing grounds
restoration of vegetation growth. When shrank.
restrictions were imposed on pastoral movements, • The revenue they had to pay was increased.
grazing lands came to be continuously used and
• Their movements were regulated.
the quality of pastures declined. This in turn
created a further shortage of forage for animals • Their agricultural stock declined and their
and the deterioration of animal stock. Underfed trades and crafts were adversely affected.
cattle died in large numbers during scarcities and (Any three points)
famines.
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16. The Raikas lived in the deserts of Rajasthan. The • Therefore, we can say that the life of the
characteristics of their economy and life are : Raikas as pastoral groups was sustained by a
• As the rainfall in Rajasthan, was meagre and careful consideration of a host of factors.
uncertain, so the Raikas found the cultivation They had to judge how long the herds could
of their land tracts very difficult. Their stay in one area of Rajasthan and know where
harvest fluctuated every year. Over vast
they could find water and pasture in
stretches, no crop could be grown. Therefore,
Rajasthan and nearby provinces.
the Raikas combined cultivation with
pastoralism.
• During the monsoons, the Raikas of Banner, 17. The Bakarwals of Jammu and Kashmir reared
Jaisalmer, Jodhpur and Bikaner stayed in goats and sheep. They lived with their herds on the
their home villages, where pasture was low hills of the Siwalik range.
available. In winter, when the mountains were covered with
• By October, when these grazing grounds snow they moved on to the valleys of Kashmir.
were dry and exhausted, the Raikas moved Several families moved together in a Kafila. The
out in search of other pasture and water, and crossed the Pir Panjal passes of the mountains and
returned again during herded next rainy entered the valley.
season. In summer when the snow melts, the Bakarwals
• One group of Raikas—known as the Maru return to the mountains which are now covered
(desert) Raikas—herded camels and another with lush green grasslands.
group reared goats and sheep.

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