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Transformers Tests

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4 views

Transformers Tests

Uploaded by

kclarksidlao
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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OPEN-CIRCUIT TEST

•The purpose of this test is to determine


no-load loss or core loss and no-load
𝐼𝑂 which is helpful in finding 𝑋𝑚 and
𝑅𝐶 .
OPEN-CIRCUIT TEST
•One winding of the transformer – whichever
is convenient but usually high voltage
winding – is left open and the other is
connected to its supply of normal voltage
and frequency.
•A wattmeter W, voltmeter V and an ammeter
A are connected in the low voltage winding
i.e. primary winding in the present case.
OPEN-CIRCUIT TEST
• With rated voltage applied to the primary, normal flux will be set up in the core, hence
normal iron losses will occur which are recorded by the wattmeter.
• As the primary no-load current 𝐼𝑂 (as measured by ammeter) is small (usually 2 to
10% of rated load current), Cu loss is negligibly small in primary and nil in secondary
(it being open).
• Hence, the wattmeter reading represents practically the core loss under no-load
condition
OPEN-CIRCUIT TEST
•The wattmeter reading 𝑊 = 𝑉𝑂𝐶 𝐼𝑜 COS ∅𝑜 = 𝑃𝑂𝐶 = 𝑃𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑒
𝑃𝑜𝑐 = 𝑉𝑜𝑐 𝐼𝑜𝑐 cos ∅𝑜
𝐼𝑐 = 𝐼𝑜 cos ∅𝑜
𝑰𝑪 𝑰𝒎 𝐼𝑚 = 𝐼𝑜 sin ∅𝑜

𝐼𝑜𝑐 = 𝐼𝑐 2 + 𝐼𝑚 2

𝑉𝑜𝑐 𝑉𝑜𝑐
𝑅𝑐 = 𝑋𝑚 =
𝐼𝑐 𝐼𝑚
SAMPLE PROBLEM 1
•A 500 kVA, 11/2.3 kV, 60 Hz transformer has been
tested and gives the following open circuit test data:
2.3 kV, 2.3 A, 4kW. Determine:
a.Core loss
b.Resistance representing core loss
c.Magnetizing reactance
SHORT-CIRCUIT TEST
•The purpose of this test is to determine
the equivalent resistance, equivalent
leakage reactance and the equivalent
impedance of the transformer
• Inthis test, one winding, usually the low-voltage
winding, is solidly short-circuited by a thick conductor SHORT-CIRCUIT TEST
(or through an ammeter which may serve the
additional purpose of indicating rated load current)
• A low voltage (usually 5 to 10% of normal primary
voltage) at correct frequency (though for cu losses it
is not essential) is applied to the primary and is
cautiously increased till full-load currents are flowing
both in primary and secondary (as indicated by the
respective ammeters)
•Since, in this test, the applied voltage is a
small percentage of the normal voltage, the SHORT-CIRCUIT TEST
mutual flux Φ produced is also a small
percentage of its normal value
•Hence, core losses are very small with the
result that the wattmeter reading represent
the full-load cu loss or 𝐼 2 𝑅 loss for the
whole transformer i.e. Both primary Cu loss
and secondary cu loss.
SHORT-CIRCUIT TEST
The wattmeter reading in the short circuit test is essentially
copper loss

Note: During the test I1 >> I0, thus the magnetizing branch
can be neglected

ROH = REQ = equivalent resistance referred to the high side


XOH = XEQ = equivalent reactance referred to the high side
ZOH = ZEQ = equivalent impedance referred to the high side
SAMPLE PROBLEM 2
•A short circuit test was performed on a 10 kva,
2000/400 V, single phase transformer. The
instruments indicated 100 V, 5A and 100 W.
Determine the secondary voltage when operating
at rated load 80% pf lagging at rated primary
voltage.

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