LAB REPORT

QSU 3043 EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY/FISIOLOGI SENAM

GROUP C (A222)

NAME MATRIC NUMBER

AHMAD NAJMUDDIN BIN AHMAD SHAFRI D20221104549
AIMAN ZUL HAKIM BIN WAHI D20221104543
MUHAMMAD NABIL BIN ISMAIL D20221102593

Respiratory Test
Lab test: Spirometry or peak flow meter
Field Test: 6 minutes walk test

PREPARED FOR:
DR RUAIBAH YAZANI BINTI TENGAH

Submission Date:
Week 8
15 May 2023
LIST OF CONTENT

CONTENT PAGES
1. Abstract 3

2. Introduction 4

3. Objective 5

4. Procedure, Methods, and materials 5-6

5. Results and Discussion 7-10

6.Conclusion 11

7. References 12

8. Appendices 12-14

ABSTRACT

Background: This physiology lab test consists of lab test and field test to check the
appropriate respiratory system behaviour. In this lab test we used peak flow meter test. This

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test measures the amount of air the lungs can hold. This test also assesses the rate that one
can empty one's lungs. Peak flow measurement is a fast test that measures the amount of
air leaving the lungs. The peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) or peak expiratory flow (PEF) is
another name for this measurement. Asthmatics are the most likely to measure peak flow. Air
flow is determined by the amount of air that can be blown out in a single "fast blast. “Peak
flow metres are available in two ranges to measure the amount of air pushed out of your
lungs. Small children should use a low range peak flow metre, meanwhile larger children,
teenagers and adults should use a standard range peak flow metre. Whenever, in field test
the 6 Minute Walk test is a submaximal exercise test that is used to evaluate aerobic
capacity and endurance. The distance travelled in 6 minutes is utilised as the outcome to
compare improvements in performance capability. A person's score reveals their exercise
capacity, and it can be used by a doctor to identify whether a person's exercise capacity is
improving. As a result, the test can be beneficial for monitoring the efficacy of treatments and
may assist a doctor in determining the optimal time to schedule surgery or other forms of
treatment. The higher score that participants can score so the higher point they get in this
respiratory system lab test.

Purpose: The purpose of this lab test was to check the participant air flowing out of the
lungs. By using two method which is lab test (peak flow meter) and field test (6 minutes walk
test). The primary goals of the respiratory examination are to assess the subject's breathing
capability and lung capacity.

Methodology: Firstly three participants need to fill general health question and participant
information for the procedure to prevent any misfortune. Next one was all the participant will
seat on the chair and chill also take some breath to relax their body. Then their has to blow
out the peak flow meter with 3 times try. Next, we record the result on the paper. Then in the
next day we continue with field test that was 6 minutes walk test. In this field test, first of all
we take rate of breathing which is inhale exhale count as one. We take the rate of breathing
1 minutes before the 6 minutes walk test then 1 minute after the 6 minutes walk test. That
the result we got and conclude it for lab report.

Result: All the result from the lab and field test we record it on paper. All the three
participants got an average score but one of the participants seem to be drastically increase
his bpm after the 6 minutes walk test. The two other participants seem got the normal result.

1.0 Introduction

The term “respiratory” describes the group of bodily organs and tissues responsible for
breathing and gas exchange. It contains the blood vessels and muscles that assist
respiration, as well as the nose, throat, trachea (windpipe), lungs, and diaphragm. The
respiratory system’s main job is to draw oxygen from the air, transport it to the body’s cells,

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and eliminate carbon dioxide waste by exhalation. The body’s internal balance of oxygen
and carbon dioxide depends on the respiratory system to support life. The body's respiratory
system oversees breathing and gas exchange. It consists of several organs and bodily parts,
such as the throat, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs. These organs function as a team to
eliminate carbon dioxide waste and deliver oxygen to the body. The nose and mouth are
where breathing starts. Through these apertures, air enters the body and travels to the neck
and voice box, the larynx and pharynx. The air then enters the trachea, or windpipe, which is
kept open by cartilage rings that support it. The left and right lungs are reached via the
trachea's two bronchi, which it divides into. The bronchi continue to divide into progressively
smaller tubes known as bronchioles, which ultimately lead to tiny air sacs known as alveoli.
In the respiratory system, gas exchange takes place in the alveoli. While carbon dioxide
waste from the body's cells diffuses out of the blood vessels and into the alveoli to be
breathed, oxygen from the air diffuses through the walls of the alveoli and into the blood
vessels nearby.

There are several techniques to provide a breath test, including:

1. Spirometry: For this test, you must breathe in as much air as you can and then
violently and swiftly exhale it into a spirometer. The findings will demonstrate lung capacity,
airflow velocity, and the amount of air that can be inhaled.

2. The pulmonary diffusion test evaluates the lungs' capacity to move oxygen from the

air that is inhaled to the blood. This examination is performed to assess lung conditions that

impair the lungs' capacity to transport oxygen.

3. The bronchial provocation test measures the lungs' capacity to handle irritation and
inflammation by administering chemicals that can cause a lung reaction, such as histamine
or methacholine.

Breathing tests are often performed by doctors or other trained medical personnel. Get a
breathing test if you suffer any signs or symptoms of lung illness, such as chest pain, a
persistent cough, or shortness of breath. The results of breathing tests can be used to
identify lung conditions and create a treatment plan.

2.0 Objective

The main objectives of the respiratory examination are to evaluate the subject's lung
capacity and ability to breathe. A few of the test's parameters that were measured were as
follows:

1. The capacity of the lungs to inhale and expel air.

2. Breathing frequency and time.

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3. Airflow is greatest during inspiration and expiration.

4. The quantity of air that remains in the lungs after maximum expiration.

5. Blood's capability to be oxygenated.

Participants

Nama: AHMAD ZAID IZZAT Nama :ABDUL RAHMAN

BIN AZLAN BIN ZABIDI

Umur: 21 TAHUN Umur: 21 TAHUN

Jantina: LELAKI Jantina : LELAKI

Sukan: PETANQUE Sukan: BADMINTON

3.0 Methodology (lab test and field test)

3.1 Lab test (Peak flow test)

3.1.1Participants:

Three guys, which is has the same age 21 years old from various sports and performances
were used in this inquiry. Three volunteers who took part in the study's respiratory test
(spirometry/peak flow test) provided the data. The lung capacity of elite, moderate, and
recreational athletes are determined by this respiration test.

3.1.2 Procedure of peak flow test:

1. Take a seat.

2. Verify that the red marker is positioned at the meter’s base.

3. The participants must inhale deeply until their lungs are fully inflated.

4. Put their mouth over the mouthpiece. Put their lips close to the peak flow meter’s.

5. Enter the number in the space provided, using the red pointer on the meter.

6. Reapply the red pointer three more times to the bottom of the peak flow metre.
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7. Participant peak flow is the reading that is the highest among these three.

8. Record the highest reading out of the three in our record sheet.

3.1.3 Materials:

1. Chair 2. Peak flow meter. 3.Tissues

3.2 Field test (6-minute walk test)

3.2.1 Participants:

In this study we take three participants which is aged 21 years old three of them. We concern
that from various sport that their has been involved whenever in elite performance athlete till
the leisure athlete. Three participants who took part in the studies of respiratory test (6-
minutes walk) provided the data. The lung capacity high performance athlete, moderate and
recreational athlete is determined by this respiration test.

3.2.2 Procedure of the test:

1. The participant have to take a seat first and take some time for their to calm their mind.

2. We gave the guideline to participants before doing the test. Including how to walk, the
starting point until the end point of the test track. When to stop if they start to feel fatigue.

3. We take their breath first in one minute. Exhale and inhale count as one. Until one minute
finish.

4. The participants must stand at the starting line and begin moving as quickly as they can
for the duration of the test.

5. The participants will first do a baseline test to gauge how far they can walk in six minutes.

6. Participant may take a break or stop the test if they become fatigued or develop other
symptoms like chest pain or shortness of breath. The test result was determined by
measuring the distance the individual covered in 6 minutes.

7. The participants will be given 60 seconds to relax and recover after the test is finished
before the evaluation is conducted. The patient's distance travelled in 6 minutes, together
with any symptoms or indicators noticed during the test, will be taken into consideration
while evaluating the test findings.

3.2.3 Materials:

1. Stopwatch(phone) 2. Whistle 3. Marker

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4.0 Results and Discussion

4.1 Lab test (peak flow meter)

Subject First Second Third Blow Personal Zone
Blow Blow Best
Peak Flow (Green/Yellow/Red)
1.Zaid (Elite 500 520 530 520 Green
Athlete)
2.Aman 450 470 520 520 Green
(Moderate
Athlete)
3.Sufi 560 490 500 560 Green
(Recreational)
Table 1.

Peak Flow Chart

600

500

400

300

200

100

0
Aiman (Elite) Aman (Moderate Sufi (Recreational)

1st Blow 2nd Blow 3rd Blow

Based on the table above, it shows the peak flow results for three different categories of
athletes, namely elite athletes, average athletes, and recreational athletes. Firstly, for elite
athletes the score is 500 for the first attempt, 520 for the second attempt and 530 for the
third attempt. This shows that this elite athlete is in the green zone. With this, when our steps
are in the right range, it shows that the lungs of elite athletes are working stably. Next for the
average athlete scores are 450 for the first attempt, 470 for the second attempt and 520 for
the attempt. This shows a very significant improvement. This shows that this average athlete
is also in the green zone and shows that this athlete is still fit. Finally for recreational athletes
the first attempt is 560, 490 for the second attempt and 500 for the third attempt. This shows
the instability of this athlete because it shows the occurrence of downward and upward
drafts. This is likely that these athletes are less active and age factors also play a role in this
instability. This is also because the amount of oxygen in the athlete's lungs is insufficient.

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 Photo 2: Peak Flow Meter Photo 3: Chart Peak Flow Meter Zone

4.2 Field Test (6-minutes walk)

FIELDTEST

SUBJECT BEFORE TEST AFTER TEST

(RESPIRATORY RATE) (RESPIRATORY RATE)

ELITE ATHLETE 14 bpm 12 bpm

MODERATE ATHLETE 11 bpm 12 bpm

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 RECREATIONAL 13 bpm 17 bpm
Table 2

Heart Rate for 6-Minutes Walk Test

18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
ELITE ATHLETE MODERATE ATHLETE RECREATIONAL

BEFORE TEST AFTER TEST

(RESPIRATORY RATE ) (RESPIRATORY RATE )

During exercise, the body's demand for oxygen increases, and the respiratory system works
to supply the necessary oxygen to the working muscles. Elite athletes typically have a higher
level of aerobic fitness, meaning their body is better adapted to utilize oxygen efficiently
during exercise. This allows them to maintain a lower heart rate during exercise, as their
respiratory system is better equipped to meet the oxygen demands of their muscles.
Therefore, the smaller change in heart rate observed in the elite athlete (14 bpm before
exercise to 12 bpm after exercise) can also be attributed to their superior respiratory system.

Moderate athletes have a moderate level of aerobic fitness, and their respiratory system can
meet the oxygen demands of their muscles, but not as efficiently as elite athletes. During
exercise, their respiratory system will need to work harder to meet the increased oxygen
demands of their working muscles, which results in a slightly higher heart rate. Therefore,
the small increase in heart rate observed in the moderate athlete (11 bpm before exercise to
12 bpm after exercise) can also be explained by their respiratory system.

Recreational athletes typically have a lower level of aerobic fitness, and their respiratory
system is not as efficient at meeting the oxygen demands of their muscles. This means that
during exercise, their respiratory system will need to work even harder to supply oxygen to
their working muscles, resulting in a higher heart rate. Therefore, the larger increase in heart
rate observed in the recreational athlete (13 bpm before exercise to 17 bpm after exercise)
can also be attributed to their lower level of aerobic fitness and less efficient respiratory
system.

In summary, the changes in heart rate observed in elite, moderate, and recreational athletes
before and after exercise can be explained by differences in their respiratory system's ability
to meet the increased oxygen demands of their working muscles. Elite athletes typically have
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a superior respiratory system, which allows them to maintain a lower heart rate during
exercise. Moderate athletes have a respiratory system that can meet the demands of their
working muscles, but not as efficiently as elite athletes. Recreational athletes have a less
efficient respiratory system, resulting in a higher heart rate during exercise.

5.0 Conclusion

To conclude all this test we get to know the lung volume capacity among three participants
which different state of activities and achievement status which is from elite athletes,
moderate and recreational athletes. In this test also we can see through lab test peak flow
meter that a recreational athlete also has a lung capacity volume but maybe he does not
enough time to participate in serious competition he just doing the sport for leisure time and
to keep healthy. The study concludes with a discussion of the results of the two airway tests.
A 6-minute walk test and a spirometry/peak flow test were used to determine the lung
capacity of the three athletes in the elite, intermediate, and recreational categories included
in this study. In this case, the volume of air in the lungs depends on various factors.
Therefore, it is expected that this research will be beneficial and have a positive impact on
the parties involved in its implementation. The difficulty we has been through is the
participant not punctual on times especially in the morning their tend to get up late. But we
managed to get done the test.

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6.0 References

1. NHS “Peak flow test”. Crown Copyright.6 July 2022. Retrieved 12 May 2023 from
https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/peak-flow-
test/#:~:text=Peak%20flow%20is%20a%20simple,help%20diagnose%20and%20monitor%2
0asthma.&text=A%20peak%20flow%20test%20involves,be%20bought%20from%20most%2
0pharmacies.
2. Charilaos Chourpiliadis. Abhishek Bhardwaj.” Physiology, Respiratory Rate. September
2022. Retrieved 13 May 2023 from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537306/

3. Cleveland Clinic. “Peak Flow Meter”. 2023. Retrieved 13 May 2023 from
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/4298-peak-flow-meter
4. Johns Hopkins Medicine.”Body Temperature, Pulse Rate, Respiration Rate, Blood
Pressure”. 2023. Retrieved 13 May 2023 from
https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/vital-signs-
bodytemperature-pulse-rate-respiration-rate-blood-pressure

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7.0 Appendices

Figure 1 Najmudin take the result from peak flow test

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Figure 2 We gave some briefing about field test

Figure 3 Stopwatch using a phone

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Figure 4 During the 6-minutes walk test session.

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