NAV 3 Formulas and Examples

PLANE SAILING a. Difference of Latitude in Miles (DLat)

DLat= (10°35’N - 8°56.6’N) x 60
DLat DLat= 1°38.4’ x 60
cosCo = DLat= 98.4 miles S
Distance
Departure b. Difference of Longitude in Miles (DLong)
sinCo = DLong= (122°58.6’E - 121°31.5’E) x 60
Distance
DLong= 1°27.1’ x 60
Departure DLong= 87.1 miles E
tanCo =
DLat
c. Departure
Same Hemispheres: cosMLat= Departure/DLong
MLat= (Lat A + Lat B) /2
Lat A+Lat B MLat= (10°35’N + 8°56.6’N) /2
MLat = 2 MLat= 9°45.8’
Different Hemispheres: Departure= cosMLat x DLong
Lat A−Lat B
Departure= cos (9°45.8’) x 87.1 miles
MLat = 2
Departure= 85.84 or 85.8’ E

Departure d. True Course

cosMLat = tanCo= Departure/DLat Since SE (180° - Course)
DLong
tanCo= 85.8/98.4 True Course= 180° - 41°
tanCo= 0.87195121951 True Course= 139°T
Co= tan-1(0.87195121951)
Examples of Plain Sailing: Co= S41.09°E or S41°E
Always round off the course
QUIZ 1
e. Distance
1. A vessel sailed from 10°35’N, 121°31.5’E to 8°56.6’N, 122°58.6’E. Distance= Departure/sinCo
Find: Distance= 85.84/sin (41.09°)
a. Difference of Latitude in Miles (DLat) Distance= 130.61 miles or 130. 6 miles
b. Difference of Longitude in Miles (DLong)
c. Departure
d. True Course
e. Distance 130.6 nm
NAV 3 Formulas and Examples

QUIZ 2 MLat= (13°53’+10°29.9’) /2

MLat= 24°22.9’ /2
2. A vessel from 13°53’N, 119°55’E sailed on course 152°T and MLat= 12°11.45’
covered a distance of 230 miles.
Given: DLong= Departure/cosMLat
a. Lat A, Long A DLong= 107.98 /cos (12°11.45’)
b. True Course DLong= 110.47 miles E
c. Distance
Find: d. Latitude of Arrival
a. Difference of Latitude in Miles (DLat) Lat B= (Lat A in miles – DLat) /60
b. Departure Lat B= (833-203.1) /60
c. Difference of Longitude in Miles (DLong) Lat B= 629.9 /60
d. Latitude of Arrival Lat B= 10.498 or 10°29.9’N
e. Longitude of Arrival .498 x 60= 29.88 or 29.9

a. Difference of Latitude in Miles (DLat) e. Longitude of Arrival

DLat= cosCo x Distance Course= 180° - 152° Long B= (Long A in miles + Dlong) /60
DLat= cos (28°) x 230 miles Course= S28°E Long B= (7195+ 110.47) /60
DLat= 203.08 miles S or 203.1 miles S Long B= 7305.47 /60
Long B= 121.7578 or 121°45.47’ E
b. Departure .7578 x 60 = 45.468 or 45.47
Departure= tanCo x DLat
Departure= tan (28°) x 203.08
Departure= 107.98 miles E

c. Difference of Longitude in Miles (DLong)

DLong= Departure/cosMLat

MLat= (Lat A+Lat B) /2

Lat B= (Lat A in miles – DLat) /60

Lat B= (833-203.1) /60
Lat B= 629.9 /60
Lat B= 10.498 or 10°29.9’N = Latitude of Arrival
.498 x 60= 29.88 or 29.9
NAV 3 Formulas and Examples
PARALLEL SAILING Find:
a. Arrival/Final Position
Departure DLong = Departure/Cos Lat
cosLat = DLong= 126.4 miles / Cos 33° 56′
DLong
DLong= 152.346 or 152.3
DLong= 152.3/60
Sample Problems in Mrooms:
DLong= 2° 32.3’W (west because course is 270°)
1. Your vessel is sailing from Lat. 37° 50′ N, Long. 18° 36′ W, to Lat.
Long B= Long A - DLong
37° 50′ N.Long. 43° 32′ W.
Long B= 18° 24′ E - 2° 32.3′ W
Find:
Long B = 15° 51.7′ E
a. Course
b. Distance
Examples of Parallel Sailing:
DLong is West so the Course is 270°
DLong is East so the Course is 90°
QUIZ 3

1. A vessel sailed from latitude 23°06’N, 130°45’E to 23°06’N,

DLong= (43° 32′ W - 18° 36′ W) x 60
119°52.7’E.
DLong= (24°56’) x 60
Find:
DLong= 1496’ miles W
a. DLong in Degrees
b. DLong in Miles
a. Course
c. Distance
DLong is West so the Course is 270°
d. True course
b. Distance
a. DLong in Degrees
Departure= cosLat x DLong
DLong= Long A-Long B
Departure= cos (37°50’) x 1496
DLong= 130°45’ - 119°52.7’
Departure= 1181.54 miles or 1181.5 miles
DLong= 10°52.3’W
2. Your vessel sailed from Lat. 33° 56′ S, Long. 18° 24′ E and sailed
b. DLong in Miles
West covering a distance of 126.4 miles.
DLong= 10°52.3’ x 60
Given:
DLong= 652.3’ W
a. Latitude 33° 56′ S
b. Departure = 126.4 miles
c. Course= 270°
NAV 3 Formulas and Examples
c. Distance QUIZ 3A and B
Departure= cosLat x DLong
Departure= cos (23°06’) x 652.3 1. Two vessels are 50 miles apart in Latitude 35°N. They both
Departure= 599.999 miles or 600 miles travelled due south until they are 55 miles apart.
Given:
d. True course a. Distance1= 50 miles
DLong is west so True Course is 270° b. Distance2= 55 miles
c. Lat= 35°N
Continuation with different problem d. Course= 180°
Find:
1. From longitude 10°30’W, a ship sailed due west along the equator a. Their present latitude
for 20 hours at 16 knots. What is the longitude of arrival? b. Distance they travelled
c. Speed
e. Longitude of Arrival
Distance= Speed x Time a. Their present latitude
Distance= 16 knots x 20 hours
Distance= 320 miles
b. Distance they travelled
x=320/60
x= 5.33 or 5°20’ Distance= 557.8 miles

Let x= 5°20’ c. Speed

Long B= Long A + x
Long B= 10°30’W + 5°20’ Speed= 18.5 knots
Long B= 15°50’ W
NAV 3 Formulas and Examples
MERCATOR SAILING DLong= 1230’ E
d. True Course
DLong Course= tan-1 (DLong/DMP)
tanCo = Course= tan-1 (1230/1562.6)
DMP
Course= 38°or N38°E
DLat True Course= 038°T since it is in NE, course is equal to true course
Distance =
cosCo
e. Distance
Meridional Parts Calculator (coastalboating.net) Distance= DLat/cosCo
Distance= 1258/cos (38.20803906774°)
Examples of Mercator Sailing: Distance= 1600.977 or 1601 miles

QUIZ 4
QUIZ 4A
1. A ship sailed from 25°20’N, 074°15’W to 46°18’N, 053°45’W.
Find: 1. A vessel sailed from 42°48’N, 38°22’W to 27°32’N, 56°18’W
a. Difference of Latitude in Miles (DLat) Find:
b. DMP a. Difference of Latitude in Miles (DLat)
c. Difference of Longitude in Miles (DLong) b. Difference of Longitude in Miles (DLong)
d. True Course c. DMP
e. Distance d. True Course
e. Distance
a. Difference of Latitude in Miles (DLat)
DLat= (46°18’N - 25°20’N) x 60 a. Difference of Latitude in Miles (DLat)
DLat= 20° 58’ x 60 Lat A= 42°48’N or 2568’N
DLat= 1258’ N Lat B= 27°32’N or 1652’N
DLat= Lat A – Lat B
b. DMP DLat= 2568 – 1652
MP1= 1562.1 DLat= 916 miles S
MP2= 3124.7
DMP= MP2-MP1 b. Difference of Longitude in Miles (DLong)
DMP= 3124.7 – 1562.1 Long A= 38°22’W or 2302’W
DMP= 1562.6 Long B= 56°18’W or 3378’W
DLong= Long B – Long A
c. Difference of Longitude in Miles (DLong) DLong= 3378 – 2302
DLong= (074°15’W - 053°45’W) x 60 DLong= 1076 miles W
DLong= 20°30’ x 60
NAV 3 Formulas and Examples

c. DMP b. DMP
MP1= 2830.8 Lat A= 36°48’ or 2208’N
MP2= 1708.7 DLat= 14°50.6’S or 890.6’S
DMP= MP1-MP2 Lat B= Lat A – Dlat
DMP= 2830.8 – 1708.7 Lat B= 36°48’ - 14°50.6’
DMP= 1122.1 Lat B= 21° 57.4’N DMP= MP1-MP2
MP1= 2363.6 DMP= 2363.6-1342.1
d. True Course MP2= 1342.1 DMP= 1021.5
tanCo= DLong/DMP True Course= Course+180°
tanCo= 1076/1122.1 True Course= 44+180° c. Difference of Longitude in Degrees (DLong)
Co= tan-1 (0.958916317) True Course= 224°T DLong= tanCo x DMP /60
Co= 43.799 or 44° DLong= tan (62°) x 1021.5 /60
Always round off the course DLong= 1921.162 /60
DLong= 32.019 or 32°01.15’ or 32°01.2’
e. Distance
Distance= DLat/cosCo d. Latitude of Arrival
Distance= 916/cos (43.799°) Lat A= 36°48’ or 2208’N
Distance= 1269.09 or 1269.1 miles DLat= 14°50.6’S or 890.6’S
Lat B= Lat A – Dlat
QUIZ 4B Lat B= 36°48’ - 14°50.6’
Lat B= 21° 57.4’N
1. A vessel from 36°48’N, 085°53’W sailed on true course 242°T and
covered a distance of 1897 miles. e. Longitude of Arrival
Find: Long A= 85°53’
a. Difference of Latitude in Degrees (DLat) DLong= 32°01.6’
b. DMP Long B= Long A + DLong
c. Difference of Longitude in Degrees (DLong) Long B= 85°53’ + 32°01.6’
d. Latitude of Arrival Long B= 117°54.2’W
e. Longitude of Arrival

a. Difference of Latitude in Degrees (DLat)

DLat= Distance x cosCo /60 True Course= 242°T (-180 SW)
DLat= 1897 x cos (62°) /60 Course= True Course-180°
DLat= 890.59’S /60 Course= S62°W
DLat= 14.843 or 14°50.58’S or 14°50.6’S