M’HAMED BOUGARA UNIVERSITY - BOUMERDES

Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineering

I.G.E.E (ex-INELEC)
Department of electronics
MASTER In Telecommunication
Option: Telecommunications

EE 541L RF and Microwave Circuits Design

Lab experiment N#2

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MATCHING NETWORKS WITH LUMPED ELEMENTS (L-NETWORKS)
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Done by:

- HASSINE Hanane.
- BOURTCHAI IBTISSEM NADJET.
Group: 2
Instructor: Prof. Mouloud CHALLAL.

Submit date: 29/10/2024

 Abstract:

This lab experiment explores the design and implementation of various matching
network (MN) configurations to optimize power transfer between a source and load in
transmission line systems. The experiment utilizes the Agilent ADS environment to
analyze and simulate different MN topologies, including lumped element L-networks,
stub tuning, quarter-wave transformers, and multi-section transformers. The primary
objective is to understand the underlying principles of impedance matching and the
practical application of these networks in achieving efficient power transfer
Introduction:
In transmission line systems, impedance matching is a crucial concept that ensures efficient power
transfer between the source and load. Mismatches between these impedances result in reflections,
leading to power loss and potential instability. Matching networks are passive circuits designed to
transform the impedance of a load to match the characteristic impedance of the transmission line.
This is achieved by strategically introducing reactive components like capacitors and inductors.

The experiment focuses on the design and analysis of various matching network configurations.

Objective :
 Learning the basic principles and pratical design of different types of matching network.
 Being familiar with ADS.

Tools:
Agilent ADS software.

Theoretical part:
 We have as parameters:
𝑍𝑠 = 100 𝝮 , 𝑍𝐿 = 30+j*60 𝝮

 since RL< Rs the L-matching circuit will be :

jX

jB ZL

Figure1: circuit for RL<Rs case.

 calculating C and L :
after using the equations done in the experiment we found :

𝑅 −𝑅 𝑋𝑠2
𝐵𝑅𝑠 𝑅𝐿 +𝑋𝑠 −𝑋𝑠 ±𝑅𝑠 √ 𝑆 𝐿 +
𝑅𝐿 𝑅𝑠 𝑅𝐿
X= − 𝑋𝐿 B= 2
1+𝐵𝑋𝑠 𝑅𝑠 + 𝑋𝑠 2

B1= +0.0153 , B2=-0.0153 , X1= -14.8 , X2=-106.61

Then :
C1=B/𝞈 = 1.217 pF
L1=X/ 𝞈 = 1.17 nH
C2=-1/ 𝞈X = 746 fF
L2= -1/ 𝞈B=5.20 nH

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  there are four different configurations :

Figure2: the configurations for RL<Rs case.

Procedure:

1. Launching ADS:

 Opening the ADS software on the computer.

2. Creating a New Project:

 Go to File -> New -> Workspace.

 Give your project a meaningful name.
 Choose a suitable directory to save the project.

Figure 3: Steps to Create a New Project.

3. Creating a New Schematic:

 Go to File -> New -> Schematic.

 A new schematic window will open.

Figure 4: step to create new schematic.

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4. Placing Components and Assigning Component Values:

 Use the Component menu or the toolbar to select the desired components Click on the
schematic to place the components.
 Double-click on each component to edit its properties.
 Set the values for frequency to 2GHz, input impedance to 100 Ω and the load
impedance to 30+j60.

Figure5: step to select the component and place it.

5. Simulation:

 Go to design guide then choose passive circuit then choose passive circuit control
window

Figure 6: schematic of L-matching network.

 Open the Design Assistant tab, and then click on the 'Design' button to start the design flow.

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 Figure7: the resulting components’ values.

 Click the 'Push into Hierarchy' button on the toolbar to open a detailed view of the selected
network. To return to the main schematic, click the 'Pop Out Hierarchy' button

Figure 8: values of the L- network components.

 Open the simulation Assistant tab, and then click on the 'simulate' button to see the
frequency responses.

Figure 9: frequency response of L-network components.

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 Figure10: frequency values at 30 dB return loss.

Discussion:

 We are looking for the bandwidth if we require return loss greater than 30 db. We do
calculations , we get :
B= f2-f1 = 2.02 – 1.980 = 0.04 GHz =40 MHz
 For the S11 graph, we see that the return loss is decreasing until reaching -40db at 2 GHz it
will increase again. This indicates that at 2 GHz, the L-matching network is effectively
matched to the load and source impedances, resulting in a low reflection coefficient (S11)
and thus a high return loss (around -40 dB). This indicates that most of the signal is being
transmitted rather than reflected.

Repeating with 10 GHZ:

 By doing the same steps in the previous part we change the frequency to 10GHz and we
compare the results:

Figure11: step to change the component’s frequency value to 10 GHz.

Figure 12: values of the L- network components.

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 Figure 13: frequency response of L-network components.

Discussion:

 For the S11 graph, we see that the return loss is 0 dB .it indicates that the matching was not
successful so it means complete reflection of the input signal.
 Hence, the increase in frequency introduces complexities in reactance, component behavior,
and parasitic effects, which can lead to significant mismatches.

Conclusion:
Through this lab experiment, we focused on the concept of L-matching networks, by used
lumped elements (inductors and capacitors). These networks effectively transform
impedances to improve power transfer and reduce reflections. Additionally, we observed
the effect of frequency on the components and, consequently, their impact on matching.