i

Navigating Space: An Exploration of

Movement Systems in Architecture

In Partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of

Bachelor of Science in Architecture

Research Methods for Architecture

Prepared by:

Romero, John Kenneth B.

ARCH3C

Submitted to:
 ii

Ar. Gerelson Ray R. Bernardino

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction…….………………………………………………………...…………………1

Accessibility ………………………………………………….…………………………..…
1

Safety ……………………………………………………………………………...…………1

Efficiency ……………………………………….…………………………………….……..1

Sustainability ………………………………………………………………...…….……….1

Aesthetic Appeal ……………………………………………………………...……………

1

Crafting the flow of life ….…………………………………………………...…………...1

Vehicular Circulation & Types of Streets …………………………………………...…2

Expressways .……………………………………………………………………………….3

National roads ……………………………………………………………………...

……….3

Provincial roads ………………………….………………………………………………..4

City/municipal Roads
……………………………………………………………………..4

Barangay roads ………………………………………………………………………...

….4

Unclassified roads ……………………………………………………………………..

….4

Private road …………………………………………………………………………….…..4

Accessibility Law (Batas Pambansa Bilang 344) and its Amended Implementing
Rules and Regulations – Philippines
 iii

Section 1 ……………………………………………………………………..………..
….....4

Section 2 …………………………………………………………………………….……....5

Section 3 …………………………………………..……………………..
……………….....5

Section 4 ……………………………………………..………………………..
………….....5

Section 5 ……………………………………………………..…………………..
……….....6

Section 6 ………………………………………………..………………………..
……….....6

Implementing Rules and Regulations as Amended of Batas Pambansa Bilang

344 (Accessibility Law)
References
………………………………………………………………………………….10
 1

INTRODUCTION

Imagine a vibrant city square teeming with bustling pedestrians, cyclists

cruising along dedicated lanes, and public transportation seamlessly whisking people
where they need to go. This harmonious flow of movement doesn't happen by
chance; it's meticulously orchestrated by a well-designed movement system, the
lifeblood of any successful site plan.

Going beyond mere roads and sidewalks, a movement system encompasses

the intricate network of pathways, roads, and infrastructure that enables efficient and
safe circulation for people, vehicles, and goods within a site. It's the hidden language
etched into the landscape, guiding our physical interactions with the built
environment.

More than just getting from point A to point B:

 Accessibility: A movement system champions inclusivity, ensuring

everyone, regardless of age or ability, can navigate the site with ease. Think
ramps, designated crossings, and well-lit paths fostering seamless
accessibility.
 Safety: Prioritizing safety lies at the heart of any good system. Separation of
different modes of transport, clear signage, and traffic calming measures
create a secure environment for all users.
 Efficiency: A smoothly flowing system minimizes congestion and wasted
time, keeping traffic moving and people on schedule. Optimizing routes and
prioritizing alternative transport options like cycling and public transport
contribute to an efficient system.
 Sustainability: Embracing green principles, a movement system encourages
walking, cycling, and public transportation, reducing reliance on cars and
minimizing ecological impact.
 Aesthetic Appeal: Beyond functionality, movement systems can become
visual highlights, integrating seamlessly with the landscape and shaping the
overall character of the site. Imagine landscaped avenues lined with
trees, vibrant public squares, and bike paths weaving through greenery.

Crafting the flow of life:

 2

From bustling urban squares to tranquil parklands, movement systems play a

crucial role in shaping the user experience. By carefully considering the needs of all
users, prioritizing safety and efficiency, and embracing sustainable practices, site
planners can create movement systems that not only function well but also enhance
the quality of life for everyone.

This introduction merely scratches the surface of this fascinating domain. As

you delve deeper, you'll discover the intricate interplay between design, user
behavior, and environmental factors that shape the movement systems that guide us
through our daily lives. Remember, navigating the flow of life starts with
understanding its intricate infrastructure – the movement system.

VEHICULAR CIRCULATION & TYPES OF STREETS

While vehicular circulation and parking are undeniable necessities in modern

site planning, their impact on creating livable cities and towns presents a complex
challenge. Efficient movement of vehicles and adequate parking are crucial for
functionality, ensuring accessibility and supporting commerce. However, the
dominance of car-centric infrastructure often comes at a cost. Sprawling roadways
and vast parking lots fragment communities, prioritize automobile needs over
pedestrian safety, and contribute to urban sprawl and environmental degradation.
This negative impact demands a more nuanced approach to vehicular circulation and
parking.

Finding the right balance is key. Innovative solutions like mixed-use

developments, shared parking strategies, and prioritizing public transportation can
integrate car needs without sacrificing livability. Greener infrastructure incorporating
trees, landscaping, and permeable surfaces can mitigate the environmental impact of
roads and parking spaces. Ultimately, successful site planning must move beyond
simply accommodating cars and instead strive for a holistic approach that prioritizes
walkable neighborhoods, vibrant public spaces, and sustainable practices, ensuring a
balance between functionality and livability for all.
 3

The values for highway are based on UK's road network, but globally, is used in a
hierarchy of descending importance, the exception being for highway=motorway
which indicates construction standards and access restrictions. All other classes
indicate importance.

In the Philippines, roads are officially classified into:

 Expressways - Limited-access highways as defined in the Limited Access

Highway Act (Republic Act No. 2000), often with tolls. Under the High
Standard Highway masterplan developed in cooperation with the Japanese
government, these are further subcategorized into two categories:
o High-standard highways (HSH-1) - Full controlled-access highways,
composing the mainline expressway network. These are tolled.
o Regional high-standard highways (HSH-2) - Partially controlled-access
highways that feed into the main expressways. These are multilane
arterial roads with bypasses, grade separation and frontage roads. As of
2021, no roads have been designated as such.
 National roads
o National primary roads - Roads that connect two or more major cities
(with populations 100,000+) without breaks or forks. Assigned 1 to 2-digit
route numbers. Until 2014, the classification was further subdivided into:
o North-South Backbone - The main route connecting the
Philippines' major cities from north to south.
o East-West Laterals - Other main route that cross the N-S
Backbone to link other major cities from east to west.
o Other Roads of Strategic Importance (ORSI) - All other high-
traffic routes not falling under the former two categories. These
links other regional centers, major cities and certain provincial
capitals.
o National secondary roads - Roads that complement the primary
national roads. These are assigned 3-digit numbers and perform
these functions:
 Connect cities directly to the primary network (except in
metropolitan areas)
 Connect provincial capitals within the same region.
 4

 Connect major seaports, ferry terminals, and major airports

to primary roads.
 Connect all other cities not considered major cities.
 Connect major national infrastructure to the primary
network or the rest of secondary network.
o National tertiary roads - Road maintained by the DPWH which are local
in importance. No route numbers. The classification is introduced in 2014
after an abandoned plan to relinquish maintenance and funding of
national secondary roads of local importance to local governments.
 Provincial roads - Roads that connect cities and municipalities without using
national roads, and roads connecting major provincial infrastructure.
 City/municipal Roads - Roads maintained by city or municipal governments.
They can be either:
o Local streets at the poblacion (city or town center, downtown area,
or central business district)
o Other roads linking the poblacion with provincial or national roads.
o Roads serving major city or municipal infrastructure without using
provincial roads.
 Barangay roads - All other local roads within a barangay.
 Unclassified roads - Roads not yet assigned any official classification.
 Private road - Roads maintained by private entities (usually real estate
developers). Access may be restricted.

Accessibility Law (Batas Pambansa Bilang 344) and its Amended Implementing
Rules and Regulations – Philippines

Section 1.

In order to promote the realization of the rights of disabled persons to participate fully
in the social life and the development of the societies in which they live and the
enjoyment of the opportunities available to other citizens, no license or permit for the
construction, repair or renovation of public and private buildings for public use,
educational institutions, airports, sports and recreation centers and complexes,
shopping centers or establishments, public parking places, work-places, public
utilities, shall be granted or issued unless the owner or operator thereof shall install
and incorporate in such building, establishment, institution or public utility, such
architectural facilities or structural features as shall reasonably enhance the mobility
 5

of disabled persons such as sidewalks, ramps, railings and the like. If feasible, all
such existing buildings, institutions, establishments, or public utilities may be
renovated or altered to enable the disabled persons to have access to them:
Provided, however, That buildings, institutions, establishments, or public utilities to be
constructed or established for which licenses or permits had already been issued
may comply with the requirements of this law: Provided, further, That in case of
government buildings, street and highways, the Ministry of Public Works and
Highways shall see to it that the same shall be provided with architectural facilities or
structural features for disabled persons.

In the case of the parking place of any of the above institutions, buildings, or
establishment, or public utilities, the owner or operator shall reserve sufficient and
suitable space for the use of disabled persons.

Section 2.

In case of public conveyance, devices such as the prominent display of posters or

stickers shall be used to generate public awareness of the rights of the disabled and
foster understanding of their special needs. Special bus stops shall be designed for
disabled persons. Discriminating against disabled persons in the carriage or
transportation of passengers is hereby declared unlawful.

Section 3.

The Minister of Public Works and Highways and the Minister of Transportation and
Communications, in coordination with the National Commission Concerning Disabled
Persons, shall prepare the necessary rules and regulations to implement the
provisions of this Act.

Section 4.

Any person violating any provision of this Act or of the rules and regulations
promulgated hereunder shall, upon conviction by a court of competent jurisdiction,
suffer the penalty of imprisonment of not less than one month but not more than one
year or a fine of P2,000 to P5,000 or both, at the discretion of the court: Provided,
That in the case of corporations, partnerships, cooperatives or associations, the
president, manager or administrator, or the person who has charge of the
construction, repair or renovation of the building, space or utilities shall be criminally
 6

responsible for any violation of this Act and/or rules and regulations promulgated
pursuant thereto.

Section 5.

All laws, executive and administrative orders, rules and regulations inconsistent with
the foregoing provisions are hereby repealed or amended accordingly.

Section 6.

This Act shall take effect upon its approval.

Approved.

QUERUBE C. MAKALINTAL (Speaker)

This Act was passed by the Batasang Pambansa on December 7, 1982

ANTONIO M. DE GUZMAN (Secretary General)

Approved: February 25, 1983

FERDINAND E. MARCOS (President of the Philippines)

Implementing Rules and Regulations as Amended of Batas Pambansa Bilang

344 (Accessibility Law)

"An Act to Enhance the Mobility of Disabled Persons by Requiring Certain Buildings,
Institutions, Establishments, and Other Public Utilities To Install Facilities and Other
Devices."

Jointly Promulgated by: The Department of Public Works and Highways Port Area,
Manila

The Department of Transportation and Communications Pasig, Metro Manila

In coordination with: The National Council for the Welfare of Disabled Persons
(Accessibility Sector on the Magna Carta for Disabled Persons) Diliman, Quezon City
 7

Rule I - Scope and Application

1. Purpose:
The Rules and Regulations set forth herein provide for minimum
requirements and standards to make buildings, facilities and utilities for
public use accessible to disabled persons, pursuant to the objectives of
Batas Pambansa Bilang 344, "An Act To Enhance the Mobility of Disabled
Persons by Requiring Certain Buildings, Institutions, Establishments and
Public Utilities to Install Facilities and Other Devices
2. Definition of Terms:
For the purpose of these Rules and Regulations, the words, terms and
phrases enumerated in Annex "A" hereof shall have the meaning as
provided therein.
3. Scope:
The provisions of these Rules and Regulations shall apply to the
following:
1. Public and private buildings and related structures for public use
and which shall be constructed, repaired or renovated
2. Streets and highways and public utilities
1. Streets and highways
2. Public transport vehicles which shall include:
1. Passenger buses and jeepneys
2. Passenger trains, including those of the Light Rail Transit
Authority (LRTA)
3. Domestic inter-island vessels
4. Domestic aircraft of air carriers
3. Public Telephones
4. Public transport terminals including those of LRTA
4. Application:
1. Public and private buildings and related structures for public use. No permit
for the construction, repair or renovation of public and private buildings and
related structures for public use, whether owned or leased, shall be granted
or issued, unless the owner thereof shall have provided in the places and
specifications submitted for approval barrier-free facilities and accessibility
features as provided in these Rules and in accordance with the following
criteria:
1. Building and related structures to be constructed –
 8

1. At the space where the primary function is served and where

facilities and ingress/egress of the building or structure are
located, as to make such space accessible to the disabled
persons; provided, however, that where the primary function
can be served at the ingress level and where such level is
provided with facilities, requirements for accessibility at other
levels may be waived.

2. Ten percent (10%) of the total number of units of

government-owned living accommodations shall be accessible
and fully usable by the disabled persons with any fractional
part in excess of one-half (1/2) in the computation thereof, to
be considered as one unit; for privately-owned living
accommodations the number of accessible units shall be as
provided in Section 3 of Rule III thereof.

3. Ingress/egress from the street to the building or structure

shall be made accessible.

4. Accessible slots in parking areas shall be located as near as

possible to ingress/egress spaces of the building or structure.

2. Buildings and related structures to be repaired or renovated

including those proposed for a change of occupancy If feasible,
barrier-free facilities and accessibility features shall be provided in
accordance with the requirements under Sub-section 4.1.1 (1), (c) and
(d): feasibility of incorporation of barrier-free facilities and accessibility
features shall be determined from all the following conditions:

1. When the repair or renovation work is to be done in the

space where the primary function is served;

2. When the facilities can be made accessible at any other

level which is accessible by means of an elevator with a
minimum width of 800 mm;

3. When the space alloted for the primary function will not be
diminished by more than ten percent (10%) of its original area;
 9

4. When the capacity or strength of any major structural

component, such as slabs, beams, girders, columns, bearing
walls and footings of the building or structure will not be
diminished;

5. When the cost (exclusive of the exception provided below)

of such repair or renovation work is in excess of twenty percent
(20%) of the total cost of the building or structure, based upon
the computation of permit fees as provided under Rule III of
the Implementing Rules and Regulations promulgated
pursuant to P.D. 1096 entitled: "The National Building Code of
the Philippines";

6. When there is no legal constraint which would not allow

compliance with these regulations: EXCEPTION: Repair or
renovation work which consists only of heating, ventilating and
airconditioning systems.
 10

References

https://library.qcode.us/lib/jackson_ca/pub/municipal_code/item/title_17-article_v-
chapter_17_94-17_94_060

https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Philippines/Mapping_conventions/Roads/
Classification

https://codelibrary.amlegal.com/codes/medina/latest/medina_oh/0-0-0-30045

https://www.codepublishing.com/OR/Gladstone/html/Gladstone17/
Gladstone1750.html#17.50.030

https://static1.squarespace.com/static/581b9e8acd0f681d5d9fef15/t/
58ed10f62994cac6dfe74813/1491931404007/Part%2BThree_Bozeman%2BFINAL
%2BReport.pdf

https://www.lrl.usace.army.mil/Portals/64/docs/Engineering/Design_Army_Res/
Fort_Lee_IDG_part4.pdf

https://www.dpwh.gov.ph/DPWH/files/nbc/PD.pdf

https://papers.cumincad.org/data/works/att/2006_714.content.pdf

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/245/4/042061/pdf

https://www.scribd.com/presentation/534049261/Movement-Systems-1?
irclickid=UekSrrVUzxyPWchVYwSzDQqdUkH3i-
xHYT76yg0&irpid=357605&utm_source=impact&utm_medium=cpc&utm_campaign=
Scribd_affiliate_pdm_acquisition_YieldKit
%20GmbH&sharedid=a29d8cfb21014db0aeae7c7e6c348d6f&irgwc=1