University of Guyana

Faculty of Engineering & Technology

Department of Civil Engineering
CIV 3118 – Structural Design I
Lecture 2: Design of
Reinforced Concrete Beams
Presentation Outline
1 . Wo r k e d E x a m p l e s
1.0 WORKED EXAMPLES FR
Example 1:

A simply supported beam for an office has a span of 6 m. Calculate the values of the
design bending moments, 𝑀𝐸𝑑 assuming:
• The beam supports uniformly distributed permanent and variable actions of 5 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 and 6 𝑘𝑁/𝑚,
respectively,

• In addition to the actions described in the previous case, the beam also supports an independent
variable concentrated load of 20 𝑘𝑁 at mid-span.

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1.0 WORKED EXAMPLES FR
Example 1 Solution:

Load case 1:

• BS EN 1990, Cl. 6.4.3.2 (6.10) and Annex A1,A1.3,Table A1.2(A):

𝐸𝑑 = ෍ 𝛾𝐺,𝑗 𝐺𝑘,𝑗 "+"𝛾𝑃 𝑃"+"𝛾𝑄,1 𝑄𝑘,1 "+" ෍ 𝛾𝑄,0 𝜓0,𝑖 𝑄𝑘,𝑖

𝑗≥1 𝑖>1

𝐹𝐸𝑑 = 1.35 × 5 + 1.5 × 6 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 × 6 𝑚 = 𝟗𝟒. 𝟓 𝒌𝑵

𝐹𝐸𝑑 𝐿 94.5 𝑘𝑁 6 𝑚
𝑀𝐸𝑑 = = = 𝟕𝟎. 𝟗 𝒌𝑵𝒎
8 8

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1.0 WORKED EXAMPLES FR
Example 1 Solution:
Load case 1:
• BS EN 1990, Cl. 6.4.3.2 (6.10a) and (6.10b) and Annex A1,A1.3,Table A1.1, A1.2(A):

𝐸𝑑 = ෍ 𝛾𝐺,𝑗 𝐺𝑘,𝑗 "+"𝛾𝑃 𝑃"+"𝛾𝑄,1 𝜓0,1 𝑄𝑘,1 "+" ෍ 𝛾𝑄,0 𝜓0,𝑖 𝑄𝑘,𝑖
𝑗≥1 𝑖>1

𝐹𝐸𝑑 = 1.35 × 5 + 1.5 × 0.7 × 6 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 × 6 𝑚 = 78.3 𝑘𝑁

𝐸𝑑 = ෍ 𝜉𝑗 𝛾𝐺,𝑗 𝐺𝑘,𝑗 "+"𝛾𝑃 𝑃" + "𝛾𝑄,1 𝑄𝑘,1 "+" ෍ 𝛾𝑄,𝑖 𝜓0,𝑖 𝑄𝑘,𝑖
𝑗≥1 𝑖>1

𝐹𝐸𝑑 = 0.925 × 1.35 × 5 + 1.5 × 6 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 × 6 𝑚 = 𝟗𝟏. 𝟓 𝒌𝑵

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1.0 WORKED EXAMPLES FR
Example 1 Solution:

Load case 1:

• BS EN 1990, Cl. 6.4.3.2 (6.10a) and (6.10b) and Annex A1,A1.3,Table A1.2(A):

91.5 𝑘𝑁(6 𝑚)
𝑀𝐸𝑑 = = 𝟔𝟖. 𝟔 𝒌𝑵𝒎
8

6
1.0 WORKED EXAMPLES FR
Example 1 Solution:

Load case 2:

• In this case, it is not clear if 𝑞𝑘 or 𝑄𝑘 is the leading action, assuming 𝑞𝑘 is leading:

𝐸𝑑 = ෍ 𝛾𝐺,𝑗 𝐺𝑘,𝑗 "+"𝛾𝑃 𝑃"+"𝛾𝑄,1 𝑄𝑘,1 "+" ෍ 𝛾𝑄,0 𝜓0,𝑖 𝑄𝑘,𝑖

𝑗≥1 𝑖>1

𝐹𝐸𝑑 = 1.35 × 5 + 1.5 × 6 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 × 6 𝑚 + 1.5 × 0.7 × 20 𝑘𝑁 = 𝟏𝟏𝟓. 𝟓 𝒌𝑵

𝐹𝐸𝑑1 𝐿 𝐹𝐸𝑑 2 𝐿 94.5 𝑘𝑁 6 𝑚 21 𝑘𝑁 6 𝑚

𝑀𝐸𝑑 = + = + = 𝟏𝟎𝟐. 𝟒 𝒌𝑵𝒎
8 4 8 4

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1.0 WORKED EXAMPLES FR
Example 1 Solution:

Load case 2:

• In this case, it is not clear if 𝑞𝑘 or 𝑄𝑘 is the leading action, assuming 𝑄𝑘 is leading:

𝐸𝑑 = ෍ 𝛾𝐺,𝑗 𝐺𝑘,𝑗 "+"𝛾𝑃 𝑃"+"𝛾𝑄,1 𝑄𝑘,1 "+" ෍ 𝛾𝑄,0 𝜓0,𝑖 𝑄𝑘,𝑖

𝑗≥1 𝑖>1

𝐹𝐸𝑑 = 1.35 × 5 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 × 6𝑚 + 1.5 × 20 𝑘𝑁 + 1.5 × 0.7 × 6 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 × 6 𝑚 = 𝟏𝟎𝟖. 𝟑 𝒌𝑵

𝐹𝐸𝑑1 𝐿 𝐹𝐸𝑑 2 𝐿 ( 78.3)𝑘𝑁 6 𝑚 30 𝑘𝑁 6 𝑚

𝑀𝐸𝑑 = + = + = 𝟏𝟎𝟑. 𝟕𝟕 𝒌𝑵𝒎
8 4 8 4

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1.0 WORKED EXAMPLES FR
Example 1 Solution:

Load case 2:

• Assuming 𝑞𝑘 is leading:

𝐸𝑑 = ෍ 𝜉𝑗 𝛾𝐺,𝑗 𝐺𝑘,𝑗 "+"𝛾𝑃 𝑃" + "𝛾𝑄,1 𝑄𝑘,1 "+" ෍ 𝛾𝑄,𝑖 𝜓0,𝑖 𝑄𝑘,𝑖
𝑗≥1 𝑖>1

𝐹𝐸𝑑 = 0.925 × 1.35 × 5 + 1.5 × 6 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 × 6 𝑚 + 1.5 × 0.7 × 20 𝑘𝑁 = 𝟏𝟏𝟐. 𝟓 𝒌𝑵

𝐹𝐸𝑑1 𝐿 𝐹𝐸𝑑2 91.5 𝑘𝑁 6 𝑚 21 𝑘𝑁 6 𝑚

𝑀𝐸𝑑 = + = + = 𝟏𝟎𝟎. 𝟏 𝒌𝑵𝒎
8 4 8 4

9
1.0 WORKED EXAMPLES FR
Example 1 Solution:

Load case 2:

• Assuming 𝑄𝑘 is leading:

𝐸𝑑 = ෍ 𝜉𝑗 𝛾𝐺,𝑗 𝐺𝑘,𝑗 "+"𝛾𝑃 𝑃" + "𝛾𝑄,1 𝑄𝑘,1 "+" ෍ 𝛾𝑄,𝑖 𝜓0,𝑖 𝑄𝑘,𝑖
𝑗≥1 𝑖>1
𝐹𝐸𝑑 = 0.925 × 1.35 × 5 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 × 6 𝑚 + 1.5 × 20 𝑘𝑁 +× 1.5 × 0.7 × 6 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 × 6 𝑚
= 𝟏𝟎𝟓. 𝟑 𝒌𝑵

𝐹𝐸𝑑1 𝐿 𝐹𝐸𝑑2 75.3 𝑘𝑁 6 𝑚 30 𝑘𝑁 6 𝑚

𝑀𝐸𝑑 = + = + = 𝟏𝟎𝟏. 𝟓 𝒌𝑵𝒎
8 4 8 4
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1.0 WORKED EXAMPLES FR
Example 1 Solution:

• The most structurally economical solution is found by using (6.10b) which normally be
the case for concrete structures that permanent actions are not greater than 4.5 times
variable actions except for storage loads.

• Alternatively, the following can be used to determine the applicable Expression from BS EN
1990:

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1.0 WORKED EXAMPLES FR
Example 2:

A 450 mm deep x 300 mm wide rectangular beam is required to support office loads of
𝑔𝑘 = 30.2 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 and 𝑞𝑘 = 11.5 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 over 2 no. 6 spans, 𝑓𝑐𝑘 = 30 𝑀𝑃𝑎 and 𝑓𝑦𝑘 =
500 𝑀𝑃𝑎. Assume 300 mm wide supports, a 50-year design life and a requirement for a 2-
hour resistance to fire in an external but sheltered environment.

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1.0 WORKED EXAMPLES FR
Example 2 Solution:
References Calculations
Actions:
Permanent: 𝑔𝑘 = 30.2 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 and variable 𝑞𝑘 = 11.5 𝑘𝑁/𝑚

Cover:
Exp. 4.1 𝑐𝑛𝑜𝑚 = 𝑐𝑚𝑖𝑛 + ∆𝑐𝑑𝑒𝑣
Cl. 4.4.1.2(3) 𝑐𝑚𝑖𝑛,𝑏 = 𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 25 𝑚𝑚 𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠
Table 4.1 𝑐𝑚𝑖𝑛,𝑑𝑢𝑟 = 𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑋𝐶3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑋𝐹1 using C30/37 concrete
Cl. 4.4.1.2(3) 𝑐∆𝑑𝑒𝑣 = 10 𝑚𝑚
∴ 𝒄𝒏𝒐𝒎 = 𝟐𝟓 + 𝟏𝟎 = 𝟑𝟓 𝒎𝒎

Fire:
EC2-1-2, For 2 hours resistance (𝑅𝐸𝐼 = 120), for 𝑏𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 300 𝑚𝑚, 𝒂 = 𝟑𝟓 𝒎𝒎, ∴ 𝑶𝑲
Cl.5.6.3(1), Table 𝑐𝑛𝑜𝑚 = 35 𝑚𝑚
5.6

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1.0 WORKED EXAMPLES FR
Example 2 Solution:
References Calculations
Load Combination:
By inspection, Exp. (6.10b) governs:
Exp. (6.10b) 𝒏 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟐𝟓 × 𝟏. 𝟑𝟓 × 𝟑𝟎. 𝟐 + 𝟏. 𝟓 × 𝟏𝟏. 𝟓 = 𝟓𝟓 𝒌𝑵/𝒎

EC2-1-2, Cl. Choose to use all-and-alternate spans load cases (use coefficients), the coefficients used assume
5.1.3(a) 15% redistribution at supports. As the redistribution is less than 20%, there are no restrictions on
reinforcement grade.

Analysis: Design Moments-Spans:

Concise EC2, Table 𝑀𝐸𝑑 = 1.25 × 30.2 × 0.09 + 1.5 × 11.5 × 0.1 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 × 6 𝑚 2

15.3 𝑀𝐸𝑑 = 184.4 𝑘𝑁𝑚

Support:
𝑀𝐸𝑑 = 55 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 × 0.106 × 6 𝑚 2 = 209.9 𝑘𝑁𝑚
𝑀𝐸𝑑 = 209.9 𝑘𝑁𝑚

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1.0 WORKED EXAMPLES FR
Example 2 Solution:
References Calculations
Shear:
𝑉𝐴𝐵 = 0.45 × 55 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 × 6 𝑚 = 148.5 𝑘𝑁
𝑉𝐴𝐵 = 0.63 × 55 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 × 6 𝑚 = 207.9 𝑘𝑁

Flexural Design:
Effective Depth:
Assuming 10 mm links
𝑑 = ℎ − 𝑐𝑛𝑜𝑚 − ∅𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑘 − ∅𝑏𝑎𝑟 /2
𝑑 = 450 𝑚𝑚 − 35 𝑚𝑚 − 10 𝑚𝑚 − 25 𝑚𝑚/2 = 392 𝑚𝑚

Flexure in span:
𝑘 = 𝑀𝐸𝑑 /𝑏𝑑 2 𝑓𝑐𝑘 = 184.4 × 106 𝑁𝑚𝑚 /300 𝑚𝑚 × 3922 𝑚𝑚2 × 30 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2 = 0.133
Table 5 𝑧/𝑑 = 0.864, 𝑧 = 338 𝑚𝑚
𝐴𝑠 = 𝑀𝐸𝑑 /𝑓𝑦𝑑 𝑧 = 184.4 𝑁𝑚𝑚 × 106 /(434.8 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2 × 338 𝑚𝑚) = 1255 𝑚𝑚2

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1.0 WORKED EXAMPLES FR
Example 2 Solution:
References Calculations
Try 3 No. H25B (1473 𝑚𝑚2 ), 𝜌 = 1.07%

Check spacing:
Spacing of outer bars = 300 − 2 35 − 2 10 − 3 25 = 135 𝑚𝑚
∴ 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 67.5 𝑚𝑚

Steel stress under quasi-permanent loading:

𝜎𝑠 = 𝑓𝑦𝑘 /𝛾𝑠 (𝐴𝑠,𝑟𝑒𝑞 /𝐴𝑠,𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣 )(𝑆𝐿𝑆 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑠/ 𝑈𝐿𝑆 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑)(1/𝛿)
𝜎𝑠
= 500 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2 /1.15 1255 𝑚𝑚2 / 1473 𝑚𝑚2 [ 30.2 + 0.3 × 11.5 𝑘𝑁/𝑚](55 𝑘𝑁/𝑚)(1
/1.03)
Cl. 7.3.3(2) 𝜎𝑠 = 220 𝑀𝑃𝑎
Cl. 7.3.1(5), Table As exposure is XC3, max. crack 𝑤𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.3 𝑚𝑚
7.1N & Table 7.2N ∴ 𝑀𝑎𝑥. 𝑏𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒 = 25 𝑚𝑚 𝑜𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑥. 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 250 𝑚𝑚, ∴ 𝑂𝐾
∴ 𝑈𝑠𝑒 3 𝐻25𝐵 1473 𝑚𝑚2
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1.0 WORKED EXAMPLES FR
Example 2 Solution:
References Calculations
Deflection:
Check span-to-effective-depth ratio
Basic span: effective depth ratio for 𝜌 = 1.07% > 𝜌0 = 30 × 10−3
Cl. 7.4.2 Exp. 7.16b
𝜌0 1 𝜌′
𝑙/𝑑 = 𝐾 11 + 1.5 𝑓𝑐𝑘 + 𝑓𝑐𝑘
𝜌 − 𝜌′ 12 𝜌0
𝑙 5.48 × 10−3
= 1.3 11 + 1.5 30 = 19.77
𝑑 10.7 × 10−3
310 × 500 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2 × 1255 𝑚𝑚2
𝜎𝑠 = = 264 𝑀𝑃𝑎
500 × 1473 𝑚𝑚2
Allowable span/depth ratio = 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑐 𝑙/𝑑 × 310/𝜎𝑠
Allowable span/effective depth = 19.77 × 310/264 = 23.21
Actual span/depth ratio 6000/392 = 15.3
∴ 𝑂𝐾

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1.0 WORKED EXAMPLES FR
Example 2 Solution:
References Calculations
Flexure: support:
𝑀𝐸𝑑 = 209.9 𝑘𝑁𝑚
𝑘 = 𝑀𝐸𝑑 /𝑏𝑑 2 𝑓𝑐𝑘
𝑘 = 209.9 × 106 𝑁𝑚𝑚/(300 𝑚𝑚 × 3922 𝑚𝑚2 × 30 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2 ) = 0.152 < 𝑘 ′ = 0.168.
∴ 𝑛𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑟𝑒𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑.
How to Design 𝑧 = 0.84𝑑
Concrete 𝑧 = 0.84 392 𝑚𝑚 = 329 𝑚𝑚
Structures to EC 2, 𝐴𝑠 = 𝑀𝐸𝑑 /𝑓𝑦𝑑 𝑧
pg. 27 𝐴𝑠 = 209.9 × 106 𝑁𝑚𝑚/(434.8 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2 × 329 𝑚𝑚) = 1467 𝑚𝑚2
Try 3 No. H25 T (1473 𝑚𝑚2 ), 𝜌 = 1.13%

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1.0 WORKED EXAMPLES FR
Example 2 Solution:
References Calculations
Shear: Support B
Shear at central support = 207.9 𝑘𝑁
At 𝑑 from face of support:
Cl. 6.2.1(8) 𝑉𝐸𝑑 = 207.9 𝑘𝑁 − 55 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 0.392 𝑚 + 0.15 𝑚 = 178.1 𝑘𝑁
𝑣𝐸𝑑 = 𝑉𝐸𝑑 /𝑏𝑑
𝑣𝐸𝑑 = 178.1 × 103 𝑁/ 392 𝑚𝑚 × 300 𝑚𝑚 = 1.5 𝑀𝑃𝑎

Maximum shear capacity:

𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑐𝑘 = 30 𝑀𝑃𝑎 and cot 𝜃 = 2.5
Cl. 6.2.3, Exp. 6.9 𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝛼𝑐𝑤 𝑏𝑤 𝑧𝑣𝑓𝑐𝑑 / cot 𝜃 + tan 𝜃
𝑣 = 0.6 1 − 30 𝑀𝑃𝑎 /250 𝑀𝑃𝑎 = 0.528
𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 1 × 300 𝑚𝑚 × 0.9 × 392 𝑚𝑚 × 0.528 × 20 𝑀𝑃𝑎 / 2.5 + 0.4 = 3.85 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑚𝑎𝑥 > 𝑣𝐸𝑑 , ∴ 𝑂𝐾

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1.0 WORKED EXAMPLES FR
Example 2 Solution:
References Calculations
Shear reinforcement:
Cl. 6.2.3(1) 𝐴𝑠𝑤 /𝑠 > 𝑉𝐸𝑑 /𝑧𝑓𝑦𝑤𝑑 cot 𝜃
Cl. 6.2.3(3) Exp. 𝐴𝑠𝑤 /𝑠 > 186.3 × 103 𝑁/ 0.9 × 392 𝑚𝑚 × 500 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2 /1.15 × 2.5 = 0.489
6.8

Minimum shear links:

Cl. 9.2.2(5) 0.5
𝐴𝑠𝑤 /𝑠 = 0.08𝑏𝑤 𝑓𝑐𝑘 /𝑓𝑦𝑘
0.5
𝐴𝑠𝑤 /𝑠 = 0.08 300 𝑚𝑚 30 𝑀𝑃𝑎 /500 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2 = 0.263, Not critical.

Maximum spacing:
Cl. 9.2.2(6) 𝑆𝑙,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.75𝑑 = 0.75 392 𝑚𝑚 = 294 𝑚𝑚
Use 𝐻8 @ 200 (𝐴𝑠𝑤 /𝑠 = 0.50)

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1.0 WORKED EXAMPLES FR
Example 2 Solution:
References Calculations
Support A (and C)
Shear at end support = 148.5 𝑘𝑁
At d from face of support
Cl. 6.2.1(8) 𝑉𝐸𝑑 = 148.5 𝑘𝑁 − 55 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 0.392 𝑚 + 0.15 𝑚 = 118.7 𝑘𝑁
𝑣𝐸𝑑 = 𝑉𝐸𝑑 /𝑏𝑑 = 118.7 𝑘𝑁 / 300 𝑚𝑚 × 392 𝑚𝑚 = 1.01 𝑀𝑃𝑎

Maximum shear capacity:

Cl. 6.2.3, Exp. 6.9 𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑐𝑘 = 30 𝑀𝑃𝑎 and cot 𝜃 = 2.5
𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝛼𝑐𝑤 𝑏𝑤 𝑧𝑣𝑓𝑐𝑑 / cot 𝜃 + tan 𝜃
𝑣 = 0.6 1 − 30 𝑀𝑃𝑎 /250 𝑀𝑃𝑎 = 0.528
𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 1 × 300 𝑚𝑚 × 0.9 × 392 𝑚𝑚 × 0.528 × 20 𝑀𝑃𝑎 / 2.5 + 0.4 = 3.85 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑚𝑎𝑥 > 𝑣𝐸𝑑 , ∴ 𝑂𝐾

Cl. 6.2.3(1) Shear reinforcement:

𝐴𝑠𝑤 /𝑠 > 𝑉𝐸𝑑 /𝑧𝑓𝑦𝑤𝑑 cot 𝜃
21
1.0 WORKED EXAMPLES FR
Example 2 Solution:
References Calculations
Shear reinforcement:
Cl. 6.2.3(3) Exp. 𝐴𝑠𝑤 /𝑠 > 118.7 × 103 𝑁/ 0.9 × 392 𝑚𝑚 × 500 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2 /1.15 × 2.5 = 0.310
6.8
Minimum shear links:
Cl. 9.2.2(5) 0.5
𝐴𝑠𝑤 /𝑠 = 0.08𝑏𝑤 𝑓𝑐𝑘 /𝑓𝑦𝑘
0.5 /500
𝐴𝑠𝑤 /𝑠 = 0.08 300 𝑚𝑚 30 𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2 = 0.263, Not critical.

Maximum spacing:
Cl. 9.2.2(6) 𝑆𝑙,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.75𝑑 = 0.75 392 𝑚𝑚 = 294 𝑚𝑚
Use 𝐻8 @ 200 (𝐴𝑠𝑤 /𝑠 = 0.50)

22
1.0 WORKED EXAMPLES FR
Example 2 Solution:
References Calculations
Detailing checks:
Cl. 9.2.1.1, Exp. Minimum areas:
9.1N 𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.26𝑓𝑐𝑡𝑚 /𝑓𝑦𝑘 𝑏𝑡 𝑑 ≥ 0.0013𝑏𝑡 𝑑
𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.26 × 0.30 × 30 𝑀𝑃𝑎 0.666 /500 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2 × 300 𝑚𝑚 × 392 𝑚𝑚 = 177 𝑚𝑚2

Curtailment of main bars:

How to Design Bottom Curtailment: 25% of main bars 0.08𝑙 = 480 𝑚𝑚 from A.
Con. Str. To EC2 Bottom Curtailment: 30% of main bars 0.30𝑙 − 𝑎1 = 0.3 × 6000 − 1.125 392 =
and Design of Str. 1359 𝑚𝑚, 𝑠𝑎𝑦 1350 𝑚𝑚 from B.
El. Pg. 343, Pg. 82
Top Curtailment:
60% main bars 0.15𝑙 + 𝑎1 = 1341 𝑚𝑚, 𝑠𝑎𝑦 1350 from B.
35% main bars 0.30𝑙 + 𝑎1 = 2241 𝑚𝑚, 𝑠𝑎𝑦 2250 𝑚𝑚 from B.

23
1.0 WORKED EXAMPLES FR
Example 2 Solution:
References Calculations
Detailing checks:
At supports:
Cl. 9.2.1.4(1) & 25% of 𝐴𝑠 to be anchored at supports, 25% of 1225 𝑚𝑚2 = 314 𝑚𝑚2 .
9.2.1.5(1) Use min. 2 no. H16 (402 𝑚𝑚2 ) at supports A, B, and C.

SMDSC, pg. 29 U-bars tension lap with main steel:

780 𝑚𝑚 = 𝑠𝑎𝑦 800 𝑚𝑚(in C30/37 concrete, H12,‘poor’ bond conditions)

24
1.0 WORKED EXAMPLES FR
Example 2 Solution:

• Summary of Design:

25
1.0 WORKED EXAMPLES FR
Example 3:

The beam has a width, 𝑏𝑤 = 300 𝑚𝑚 and an overall depth, ℎ = 660 𝑚𝑚 with three equal
spans, 𝐿 = 5.0 𝑚. In the transverse direction the beams spacing are 𝐵 = 4.0 𝑚 centres
with a slab thickness, ℎ𝑓 = 180 𝑚𝑚. The supports have a width of 300 𝑚𝑚. The uniformly
distributed ultimate design load 𝑛 = 190 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 . The characteristic strengths of the
concrete and steel are 𝑓𝑐𝑘 = 30 𝑀𝑃𝑎 and 𝑓𝑦𝑘 = 500 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2 .

26
1.0 WORKED EXAMPLES FR
Example 3 Solution:
References Calculations
Actions:
Span AB:
Concise EC2, Table 𝑛 = 190 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
15.3 𝑉𝐴𝐵 = 0.45𝐹 = 0.45 × 190 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 × 5 𝑚 = 427 𝑘𝑁
𝑉𝐵𝐴 = 0.60𝐹 = 0.6𝐹 = 0.60 × 190 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 × 5 𝑚 = 570 𝑘𝑁
𝑀𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛 = 0.09𝐹𝐿 = 0.09 × 190 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 × 52 𝑚2 = 428 𝑘𝑁𝑚
𝑀𝐵𝐴 = 0.11𝐹𝐿 = 0.11 × 190 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 × 52 𝑚2 = 523 𝑘𝑁𝑚
Span BC:
𝑉𝐵𝐶 = 0.55𝐹 = 0.55 × 190 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 × 5 𝑚 = 522.5 𝑘𝑁
𝑉𝐶𝐵 = 0.55𝐹 = 0.55 × 190 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 × 5 𝑚 = 522.5 𝑘𝑁
𝑀𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛 = 0.07𝐹𝐿 = 0.07 × 190 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 × 52 𝑚2 = 333 𝑘𝑁𝑚
Span CD:
𝑉𝐶𝐷 = 0.60𝐹 = 0.60 × 190 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 × 5𝑚 = 570 𝑘𝑁
𝑉𝐷𝐶 = 0.45𝐹 = 0.45 × 190 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 × 5 𝑚 = 427 𝑘𝑁
𝑀𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛 = 0.09𝐹𝐿 = 0.09 × 190 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 × 52 𝑚2 = 428 𝑘𝑁𝑚
27
1.0 WORKED EXAMPLES FR
Example 3 Solution:
References Calculations
Flexural: Span
Mid-span of 1st and 3rd end spans – flange beam design:
Cl. 5.3.2.1(2) 𝑙0 = 0.85𝑙1
𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑓 = ෍ 𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑓,𝑖 + 𝑏𝑤 ≤ 𝑏
Cl. 5.3.2.1(3)
𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑓1 = 0.2𝑏1 + 0.1𝑙0 ≤ 0.2𝑙0 ≤ 𝑏1 ⟹ 𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑓1
= 0.2 4000 − 300 𝑚𝑚/2 + 0.1 0.85 × 5000 𝑚𝑚 ≤ 0.2 0.85 × 5000 𝑚𝑚 ≤ 1850𝑚𝑚
𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑓1 = 795 𝑚𝑚 ≤ 850 𝑚𝑚 ≤ 1850 𝑚𝑚
𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑓2 = 0.2𝑏1 + 0.1𝑙0 ≤ 0.2𝑙0 ≤ 𝑏1 ⟹ 𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑓2
= 0.2 4000 − 300 𝑚𝑚/2 + 0.1 0.85 × 5000 𝑚𝑚 ≤ 0.2 0.85 × 5000 𝑚𝑚 ≤ 1850𝑚𝑚
𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑓2 = 795 𝑚𝑚 ≤ 850 𝑚𝑚 ≤ 1850 𝑚𝑚
𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑓 = 300 𝑚𝑚 + 2 795 𝑚𝑚 = 1890 𝑚𝑚

28
1.0 WORKED EXAMPLES FR
Example 3 Solution:
References Calculations
Flexural: Span
Assuming 10 𝑚𝑚 links, 25 mm cover and 25 𝑚𝑚 main bars, then:
𝑑 = ℎ − ∅𝐿 − 𝑐𝑛𝑜𝑚 − ∅𝑏 /2
𝑑 = 660 𝑚𝑚 − 10 𝑚𝑚 − 12.5 𝑚𝑚 − 25 𝑚𝑚 = 612 𝑚𝑚
𝑘 = 𝑀/𝑏𝑓 𝑑 2 𝑓𝑐𝑘
𝑘 = 428 × 106 𝑁𝑚𝑚 / 1890 𝑚𝑚 × 6122 𝑚𝑚2 × 30 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2 = 0.020
How to: Table 3, Pg. 𝑘 = 0.02 ≤ 𝑘 ′ = 0.169, no compression steel required.
27 𝑧 = 𝑑/2[1 + 1 − 3.53𝑘] ≤ 0.95𝑑
𝑧 = 601 𝑚𝑚 ≤ 605 𝑚𝑚, ∴ 𝑧 = 601 𝑚𝑚

Depth to neutral axis, 𝑥:

𝑥 = 2.5 𝑑 − 𝑧 = 2.5 612 − 601 𝑚𝑚 = 29 𝑚𝑚 ≤ 1.25ℎ𝑓 = 1.25 180 𝑚𝑚 = 225 𝑚𝑚
∴ 𝑁𝑒𝑢𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑓𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒, 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝑎𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

29
1.0 WORKED EXAMPLES FR
Example 3 Solution:
References Calculations
𝐴𝑠 = 𝑀𝐸𝑑 /0.87𝑓𝑦𝑘 𝑧 = 428 × 106 𝑁𝑚𝑚 / 0.87 × 500 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2 × 601 𝑚𝑚 = 1637 𝑚𝑚2
Provide 3𝐻25𝐵 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑑 2𝐻12𝐵 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠, 𝐴𝑠 = 1699 𝑚𝑚2

Flexural: Interior Supports

𝑀𝐸𝑑 = 523 𝑘𝑁𝑚
Assuming 10 𝑚𝑚 links, 25 mm cover and 25 𝑚𝑚 main bars, then:
𝑑 = ℎ − ∅𝐿 − 𝑐𝑛𝑜𝑚 − 25 𝑚𝑚 − ∅𝑏 /2
𝑑 = 660 𝑚𝑚 − 10 𝑚𝑚 − 2(25 𝑚𝑚) − 12.5 𝑚𝑚 = 587 𝑚𝑚
𝑘 = 𝑀𝐸𝑑 /𝑏𝑑 2 𝑓𝑐𝑘
𝑘 = 523 × 106 𝑁𝑚𝑚 / 300 𝑚𝑚 × 5872 𝑚𝑚2 × 30 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2 = 0.169
𝑘 = 0.169 > 𝑘 ′ = 0.168, compression steel required.
𝑧 = 𝑑/2 1 + 1 − 3.53𝑘′ = 480 𝑚𝑚
𝐴𝑠2 = 𝑘 − 𝑘 ′ 𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝑑 2 /𝑓𝑠𝑐 𝑑 − 𝑑2
𝑓𝑠𝑐 = 700 𝑥 − 𝑑2 /𝑥 ≤ 𝑓𝑦𝑑
30
1.0 WORKED EXAMPLES FR
Example 3 Solution:
References Calculations
Flexural: Interior Supports
𝑥 = 2.5 𝑑 − 𝑧 = 2.5 587 − 480 𝑚𝑚 = 267.5 𝑚𝑚
𝑓𝑠𝑐 = 700 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2 267.5 𝑚𝑚 − 25 𝑚𝑚 267.5 𝑚𝑚 = 634.6 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2 ≤ 434.78 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2
𝐴𝑠2 = 0.169 − 0.168 30 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2 300 𝑚𝑚 587 𝑚𝑚 2 /(434.78 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2 587 − 50 𝑚𝑚
𝐴𝑠2 = 13.28 𝑚𝑚2
This area of reinforcement can be provided by extending the bottom span bars beyond the
internal supports.

𝑘 ′ 𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝑑2 𝑓
𝐴𝑠 = + 𝐴𝑠2 𝑓 𝑠𝑐
𝑓𝑦𝑑 𝑧 𝑦𝑑
0.168 × 30 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2 300 𝑚𝑚 587 𝑚𝑚 2 634.6 𝑁/𝑚𝑚 2
𝐴𝑠 = 2
+ 13.28 𝑚𝑚2
434.78 𝑁/𝑚𝑚 (480 𝑚𝑚) 434.78 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2
𝐴𝑠 = 2515.8 𝑚𝑚2
Provide 4𝐻25𝑇 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑑 2𝐻20𝑇 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠, 𝐴𝑠 = 2523 𝑚𝑚2

31
1.0 WORKED EXAMPLES FR
Example 3 Solution:
References Calculations
Flexural: Mid-span of interior
Cl. 5.3.2.1(2) 𝑙0 = 0.70𝑙1
𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑓 = ෍ 𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑓,𝑖 + 𝑏𝑤 ≤ 𝑏
Cl. 5.3.2.1(3)
𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑓1 = 0.2𝑏1 + 0.1𝑙0 ≤ 0.2𝑙0 ≤ 𝑏1 ⟹ 𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑓1
= 0.2 4000 − 300 𝑚𝑚/2 + 0.1 0.70 × 5000 𝑚𝑚 ≤ 0.2 0.70 × 5000 𝑚𝑚 ≤ 1850𝑚𝑚
𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑓1 = 720 𝑚𝑚 ≤ 700 𝑚𝑚 ≤ 1850 𝑚𝑚
𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑓2 = 0.2𝑏1 + 0.1𝑙0 ≤ 0.2𝑙0 ≤ 𝑏1 ⟹ 𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑓2
= 0.2 4000 − 300 𝑚𝑚/2 + 0.1 0.70 × 5000 𝑚𝑚 ≤ 0.2 0.70 × 5000 𝑚𝑚 ≤ 1850𝑚𝑚
𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑓2 = 720 𝑚𝑚 ≤ 700 𝑚𝑚 ≤ 1850 𝑚𝑚
𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑓 = 300 𝑚𝑚 + 2 700 𝑚𝑚 = 1700 𝑚𝑚

32
1.0 WORKED EXAMPLES FR
Example 3 Solution:
References Calculations
Flexural: Mid-span of interior
Assuming 10 𝑚𝑚 links, 25 mm cover and 25 𝑚𝑚 main bars, then:
𝑑 = ℎ − ∅𝐿 − 𝑐𝑛𝑜𝑚 − ∅𝑏 /2
𝑑 = 660 𝑚𝑚 − 10 𝑚𝑚 − 12.5 𝑚𝑚 − 25 𝑚𝑚 = 612 𝑚𝑚
𝑘 = 𝑀/𝑏𝑓 𝑑 2 𝑓𝑐𝑘
𝑘 = 33 × 106 𝑁𝑚𝑚 / 1700 𝑚𝑚 × 6122 𝑚𝑚2 × 30 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2 = 0.017
𝑘 = 0.017 ≤ 𝑘 ′ = 0.169, no compression steel required.
𝑧 = 𝑑/2[1 + 1 − 3.53𝑘] ≤ 0.95𝑑
𝑧 = 602 𝑚𝑚 ≤ 605 𝑚𝑚, ∴ 𝑧 = 602 𝑚𝑚

Depth to neutral axis, 𝑥:

𝑥 = 2.5 𝑑 − 𝑧 = 2.5 612 − 602 𝑚𝑚 = 25 𝑚𝑚 ≤ 1.25ℎ𝑓 = 1.25 180 𝑚𝑚 = 225 𝑚𝑚
∴ 𝑁𝑒𝑢𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑓𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒, 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝑎𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

33
1.0 WORKED EXAMPLES FR
Example 3 Solution:
References Calculations
Flexural: Mid-span of interior
𝐴𝑠 = 𝑀𝐸𝑑 /0.87𝑓𝑦𝑘 𝑧 = 33 × 106 𝑁𝑚𝑚 / 0.87 × 500 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2 × 602 𝑚𝑚 = 1272 𝑚𝑚2
Provide 3𝐻25𝐵 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠, 𝐴𝑠 = 1470 𝑚𝑚2

Shear: Maximum shear in spans AB and CD at supports B and C

Shear at end support = 570 𝑘𝑁
At d from face of support
Cl. 6.2.1(8) 𝑉𝐸𝑑 = 570 𝑘𝑁 − 190 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 0.612 𝑚 + 0.15 𝑚 = 425.22 𝑘𝑁
𝑣𝐸𝑑 = 𝑉𝐸𝑑 /𝑏𝑑 = 425.22 × 103 𝑁 / 300 𝑚𝑚 × 612 𝑚𝑚 = 2.32 𝑀𝑃𝑎
Maximum shear capacity:
𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑐𝑘 = 30 𝑀𝑃𝑎 and cot 𝜃 = 2.5
Cl. 6.2.3, Exp. 6.9 𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝛼𝑐𝑤 𝑏𝑤 𝑧𝑣𝑓𝑐𝑑 / cot 𝜃 + tan 𝜃
𝑣 = 0.6 1 − 30 𝑀𝑃𝑎 /250 𝑀𝑃𝑎 = 0.528
𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 1 × 300 𝑚𝑚 × 601 𝑚𝑚 × 0.528 × 20 𝑀𝑃𝑎 / 2.5 + 0.4 = 6.57 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑚𝑎𝑥 > 𝑣𝐸𝑑 , ∴ 𝑂𝐾
34
1.0 WORKED EXAMPLES FR
Example 3 Solution:
References Calculations
Shear reinforcement:
Cl. 6.2.3(3) Exp. 𝐴𝑠𝑤 /𝑠 > 𝑉𝐸𝑑 /𝑧𝑓𝑦𝑤𝑑 cot 𝜃
6.8 𝐴𝑠𝑤 /𝑠 > 425.22 × 103 𝑁/ 0.9 × 601 𝑚𝑚 × 500 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2 /1.15 × 2.5 = 0.723

Minimum shear links:

0.5
𝐴𝑠𝑤 /𝑠 = 0.08𝑏𝑤 𝑓𝑐𝑘 /𝑓𝑦𝑘
Cl. 9.2.2(5) 𝐴𝑠𝑤 /𝑠 = 0.08 300 𝑚𝑚 30 𝑀𝑃𝑎 0.5 /500
𝑁/𝑚𝑚2 = 0.263, Not critical.

Maximum spacing:
𝑆𝑙,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.75𝑑 = 0.75 612 𝑚𝑚 = 459 𝑚𝑚
Cl. 9.2.2(6) Use 𝐻10 @ 200 (𝐴𝑠𝑤 /𝑠 = 0.762)

Cl. 6.2.3(6) Additional Longitudinal tensile force

∆𝐹𝑡𝑑 = 0.5𝑉𝐸𝑑 cot 𝜃 − cot 𝛼 = 0.5 × 425.22 𝑘𝑁 × 2.5 = 531.9 𝑘𝑁

35
1.0 WORKED EXAMPLES FR
Example 3 Solution:
References Calculations
Shear reinforcement:
This additional longitudinal tensile force is provided for by extending the curtailment point of the
longitudinal tension steel extend further in the span than required for bending alone. The area
required can be calculated from 𝐴𝑠 = ∆𝐹𝑡𝑑 /0.87𝑓𝑦𝑘 .

Shear link in end spans at supports A and D:

𝑉𝐸𝑑 = 427 𝑘𝑁 − 190 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 0.15 𝑚 + 0.612 𝑚 = 282.22 𝑘𝑁
Cl. 6.2.3(3) Exp.
6.8 𝐴𝑠𝑤 /𝑠 > 𝑉𝐸𝑑 /𝑧𝑓𝑦𝑤𝑑 cot 𝜃
𝐴𝑠𝑤 /𝑠 > 282.22 × 103 𝑁/ 0.9 × 612 𝑚𝑚 × 500 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2 /1.15 × 2.5 = 0.471
Use 𝐻8 @ 200 (𝐴𝑠𝑤 /𝑠 = 0.50)
Cl. 6.2.3(6)
Additional Longitudinal tensile force
∆𝐹𝑡𝑑 = 0.5𝑉𝐸𝑑 cot 𝜃 − cot 𝛼 = 0.5 × 282.22 𝑘𝑁 × 2.5 = 352.78 𝑘𝑁

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1.0 WORKED EXAMPLES FR
Example 3 Solution:
References Calculations
Shear reinforcement:
Shear link in middle span BC at supports B and C:
𝑉𝐸𝑑 = 522 𝑘𝑁 − 190 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 0.15 𝑚 + 0.612 𝑚 = 377.22 𝑘𝑁

Cl. 6.2.3(3) Exp. 𝐴𝑠𝑤 /𝑠 > 𝑉𝐸𝑑 /𝑧𝑓𝑦𝑤𝑑 cot 𝜃

6.8 𝐴𝑠𝑤 /𝑠 > 377.22 × 103 𝑁/ 0.9 × 612 𝑚𝑚 × 500 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2 /1.15 × 2.5 = 0.630
Use 𝐻10 @ 225 (𝐴𝑠𝑤 /𝑠 = 0.698)

Cl. 6.2.3(6) Additional Longitudinal tensile force

∆𝐹𝑡𝑑 = 0.5𝑉𝐸𝑑 cot 𝜃 − cot 𝛼 = 0.5 × 377.22 𝑘𝑁 × 2.5 = 471.53 𝑘𝑁

Minimum shear links:

Cl. 9.2.2(5) 0.5
𝐴𝑠𝑤 /𝑠 = 0.08𝑏𝑤 𝑓𝑐𝑘 /𝑓𝑦𝑘
0.5 /500
𝐴𝑠𝑤 /𝑠 = 0.08 300 𝑚𝑚 30 𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2 = 0.26

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1.0 WORKED EXAMPLES FR
Example 3 Solution:
References Calculations
Shear reinforcement:
Use 𝐻8 @ 300 (𝐴𝑠𝑤 /𝑠 = 0.335)
Cl. 6.2.3(3) Exp.
6.8 The resistance corresponding to the minimum link can then be determined:
𝐴𝑠𝑤 /𝑠 > 𝑉𝐸𝑑 /𝑧𝑓𝑦𝑤𝑑 cot 𝜃 ⟹ 𝑉𝐸𝑑 = 𝐴𝑠𝑤 𝑧𝑓𝑦𝑤𝑑 cot 𝜃 /𝑠
500 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2
𝑉𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.335 × 0.9 × 600 𝑚𝑚 × × 2.5 = 196 𝑘𝑁
1.15

Extend of shear links:

For the face of the ends supports A and D the distance is:
𝑉𝐸𝑑 − 𝑉𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑥1 = − 0.15 𝑚
𝑛

427 𝑘𝑁 − 196 𝑘𝑁
𝑥1 = − 0.15 𝑚 = 1.07 𝑚
190 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
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1.0 WORKED EXAMPLES FR
Example 3 Solution:
References Calculations
Extend of shear links:
For the face of the ends supports B and C of the 1st and 3rd spans:
𝑉𝐸𝑑 − 𝑉𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑥2 = − 0.15 𝑚
𝑛

570 𝑘𝑁 − 196 𝑘𝑁
𝑥2 = − 0.15 𝑚 = 1.82 𝑚
190 𝑘𝑁/𝑚

For the links at supports B and C in the middle span:

522 𝑘𝑁 − 196 𝑘𝑁
𝑥3 = − 0.15 𝑚 = 1.57 𝑚
190 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
The arrangement of the longitudinal reinforcement and links are shown on the following slide.

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1.0 WORKED EXAMPLES FR
Example 3 Solution:

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1.0 WORKED EXAMPLES FR
Example 3 Solution:
References Calculations
Transverse Reinforcement:
For a uniformly distributed load on a continuous beam, the length of the longitudinal force will
occur where the moment is zero.Also, this length will be closest to the support.
Cl. 6.2.4(3) 𝑣𝐸𝑑 = ∆𝐹𝑑 /(ℎ𝑓 ∆𝑥)
Location of maximum bending moment: 𝑥 = 0.4𝐿, then ∆𝑥 = 0.5 0.4𝐿 = 0.2𝐿
∆𝑀 = 𝑆𝐴,𝑅 0.2𝐿 − 𝑊𝑢 0.2𝐿 0.5 × 0.2𝐿
∆𝑀 = 427 𝑘𝑁 0.2 5 𝑚 − 190 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 0.2 2 0.5 5 𝑚 2 = 332 𝑘𝑁𝑚
∆𝑀 𝑏𝑓 ∆𝑀 𝑏𝑓 − 𝑏𝑤 /2
∆𝐹𝑑 = × 0= ×
𝑑 − ℎ𝑓 /2 𝑏𝑓 𝑑 − ℎ𝑓 /2 𝑏𝑓
332 𝑘𝑁 × 103 𝑚𝑚 1700 − 300 𝑚𝑚/2
∆𝐹𝑑 = × = 301.61 𝑘𝑁
267.5 1700 𝑚𝑚
587 − 2 𝑚𝑚
∆𝐹𝑑 = 301.61 𝑘𝑁 / 267.5 × 1000 𝑚𝑚2 = 1.13 𝑀𝑃𝑎

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1.0 WORKED EXAMPLES FR
Example 3 Solution:
References Calculations
Transverse Reinforcement:
−1
𝑣𝐸𝑑 −1
1.13 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜃𝑓 = 0.5 sin = 0.5 sin = 6.2°
0.2𝑓𝑐𝑘 1 − 𝑓𝑐𝑘 /250 0.2 × 30 𝑀𝑃𝑎 1 − 30 𝑀𝑃𝑎/250
Cl. 6.2.4 (4) 26.5° < 𝜃𝑓 < 45°, flange in compression:
𝑓𝑐𝑘 30 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑣𝑅𝑑 = 0.160𝑓𝑐𝑘 1 − = 0.160 30 𝑀𝑃𝑎 1 − = 4.22 𝑀𝑃𝑎
250 250
𝑣𝑅𝑑 > 𝑣𝐸𝑑 , 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 cot 𝜃𝑓 = 2.0, the area of transverse reinforcement from:
𝐴𝑠𝑓 𝑣𝐸𝑑 ℎ𝑓
=
𝑠 𝑓𝑦𝑑 cot 𝜃𝑓
𝐴𝑠𝑓 1.13 𝑀𝑃𝑎 × (267.5 𝑚𝑚)
= = 0.348 𝑚𝑚
𝑠 500 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2
×2
1.15
Provide H10 @ 200 (𝐴𝑠𝑓 = 393 𝑚𝑚2 )

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1.0 WORKED EXAMPLES FR
Example 4:

The floor plan of a building is shown below. The building will be used as an apartment
which will consists of bedrooms, kitchens, washrooms, and laundry room. It will also
consist of ceiling and finishes, and a block wall along the perimeter beam rendered on
both sides with cement mortar having a thickness of 12.5 𝑚𝑚. Determine the load on
along axis 1 and axis 3.

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1.0 WORKED EXAMPLES FR
Example 4:

8m
8m
4m
6 x 4 m = 24 m

44
 End of
Presentation.
FR
FABRIKAM RESIDENCES
Any Questions
 FR

8m
8m
4m
6 x 4 m = 24 m

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