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Lec4 - Second Order System

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14 views15 pages

Lec4 - Second Order System

Uploaded by

Rajesh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BT 402 – Bioprocess Instrumentation and

Control

Dr. Anbumathi P
Department of Biotechnology
[email protected]
Learning Objectives
▪ Response of Second Order System

2
Brief Summary
▪ System – Open System, Closed System
i/p o/p
▪ Feedback regulation Model

▪ Components of a control system


▪ Controllers
▪ Instrumentation Controller Model/ System
▪ Temperature, pH, Level, Flow, Pressure, DO sensors
▪ Block Diagram Representation
▪ Temperature control System
▪ Transient Response
▪ Laplace Transform, Partial Fractions, ILT
▪ First Order System & Response for Standard
Input functions
▪ Tank in Series: Noninteracting tanks, Interacting
tanks
3
Second Order System
▪ Described by second order differential equation that relates the output
variable y(t) to the input variable x(t)

▪ Examples and Origin


▪ Arise from first order tank in series (recall that 𝑆 2 terms in TF)
▪ Mechanical Systems
▪ Pressure control systems
▪ Biology: Ecological Systems, Population Dynamics Models, Developmental
Dynamics Modelling, Respiratory System Models – Rhythmic breathing, Systems
with Periodical Oscillations
▪ Climate change
4
Damped Vibrator

Derivation: Board

5
Transfer Function
▪ Standard for of transfer function for second order systems

▪ Other physical systems with standard form of numerator


▪ Numerator may or may not have a control gain K for other systems
▪ τ Natural period of oscillation
▪ ζ Damping Coefficent (zeta)

6
7
8
Analysing Characteristic equation

For a step change in the Input

ζ >1 Over Damped or Non Two distinct real


oscillatory roots
ζ=1 Critically damped Two equal real roots

ζ <1 Underdamped or Oscillatory Two complex real


roots 9
Step Response for different ζ
▪ Case i : ζ < 1

▪ Case ii : ζ = 1

▪ Case iii : ζ > 1

▪ This is similar to tank in series


10
Reponses of second order
system for Step Input
▪ For varying ζ

11
Under Damped Second Order System
Also expressed as A/ B

Also expressed as C/ A
Period of oscillations or Frequency related

Natural Period of Oscillation ζ = 0

tr increases with Time required


increasing z for response to
reach ± 5% 12
Impulse Response
▪ Case i : ζ < 1

▪ Case ii : ζ = 1

▪ Case iii : ζ > 1

13
Reponses of second
order system for
Impulse Input
▪ For varying ζ

14
Summary
▪ Inherent second order system

▪ TF for second order system

▪ Effect of damping coefficient ζ

▪ Oscillatory response

▪ ζ is a measure of the degree of damping and the oscillatory character

▪ τ is the measure of speed of the response and influences period of the

response 15

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