Physics Smart Booklet

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Physics Smart Booklet

NCERT LINE BY LINE QUESTIONS

1. An electric point charge q = 6  C is placed at origin of x - y Co-ordinate axis. Calculate electric
potential due to the charge at point P(12m, 16m) in free space.

(a) 1.2 kV (b) 2.3 kV (c) 3.7 kV (d) 2.7 kV

2. The comparative graph of potential and electric field due to a point charge at a distance r from
it is best shown by graph.

3. A point charge Q  4 107 C is placed at a point in free space. How much work is required to
bring a charge 2nC from infinity to a point 9cm from charge Q ?
a) 3 104 J b) 8 105 J c) 2  10 5 J d) 5 105 J
4. Which among the following statements is an incorrect statement ?
(a) The electric dipole potential falls off, at large distance, as 1/r1
(b) The electric potential due to dipole in the equatorial position is zero
(c) The electric potential due to dipole has axial symmetry about dipole moment vector p
(d) Electric potential on dipole axis is maximum.
5. Two charges 6 nC and -4 nC are located 15 cm apart. At what point on line joining two charges
is electric potential zero?
(a) 6 cm from 6 nC charge (b) 45 cm from 6 nC charge
(c) 38 cm from 6 nC charge (d) 9 cm from -4 nC charge
6. The incorrect statement regarding equipotential surface is
(a) Equipotential surface through a point is normal to electric field at that point
(b) An equipotential surface is a surface with a constant value of potential at all points on the
surface
(c) Equipotential surfaces of a single point charge are concentric spherical surfaces centred at
the charge
(d) For uniform electric field along x-axis, equipotential surfaces are planes parallel x - y plane

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7. Work done by external agent in assembling three identical charges from infinity to given
locations is

5 q2  5 q2  5 q2 3q 2
a) b)   c) d)
8 0 r  80 r  20 r 8 0 r
8. Two point charges 7 C and –2 C are placed at position (–9cm, 0) and (9cm, 0) respectively.
How much work is required to separate two charges infinitely away from each other ?

a) 0.2 J b) 0.5 J c) 0.6 J d) 0.7 J

9. A dipole with dipole moment 310 C m is placed in external uniform field of E = 4 105 N C-1 .
-9

Calculate amount of work done by field in rotating the dipole from  = 60° to 0°. (  is angle
between electric field E and dipole moment vector)
(a) 200  J (b) 600  J (c) 300  J (d) 90  J
10. When a conductor is placed inside uniform electric field. Then
(a) At the surface of conductor, electrostatic field is normal to the surface at every point.
(b) Inside the conductor, electrostatic field is zero.
(c) The electrostatic potential is constant throughout the volume of conductor and has the same
value on its surface
(d) All of above are correct
11. Two conductors are separated by distance of 1 cm in air. The dielectric strength of air is
about 3106 Vm–l. What maximum safe potential difference can be applied across conductors?

(a) 3 104 V (b) 6  10 4 V (c) 3 106 V (d) 1.5 104 V

12. A slab of material having dielectric constant K = 1.5 has the same area as of a plates of
3
parallel plate capacitor but has thickness of plate separation is introduced between the
4
plates of the capacitor having capacitance C. On introducing slab, capacity becomes factor of

12 5 6 4
a) C b) C c) C d) C
7 7 7 3
13. A network of four capacitors each 10 F are connected as shown with 500V supply. Calculate
the ratio of charges stored on C4 and C2

1 1
(a) 1 (b) (c) (d) 3
2 3

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14. A 900 pF parallel plate capacitor is charged by 100 V ideal battery. The space between
the plates is 1cm. How much electrostatic energy is stored per unit volume of empty
space of capacitor?
(a) 4.42 104 Jm 3 (b) 8.85 106 Jm 3
(c) 2.21107 Jm 3 (d) 6.2 106 Jm 3
15. A 90 pF capacitor is charged by a 10 V battery. The capacitor is then disconnected from battery
and connected to another charged 90 pF capacitor. Final electrostatic energy stored by the
system is

(a) 225 pJ (b) 2.25 nJ (c) 4.5 pJ (d) 4.5 nJ

16. A parallel plate capacitor is charged by a battery. Now battery is removed and medium
between the plates of the capacitor is filled with an insulating material of dielectric constant K,
then
(a) Electric field due to charged plates induces a net dipole moment in the dielectric (insulating
material)
(b) Net potential difference between the plates is reduced
(c) Capacitance C decreases from initial value Co to (Co/K)
(d) Both (a) and (b) are correct
17. A parallel plate capacitor with each plate of area 6 103 m 2 has plate separation of 3 mm. A 3
mm thick mica sheet of dielectric constant K = 6 was inserted between the plates. If this
capacitor is connected to 100 volt supply, what is charge on positive plate of capacitor?

(a) 1.92  109 C (b) 1.06  108 C

(c) 4.2 108 C (d) 4.36 107 C
18. Equivalent capacitance of the network across points A and B is

(a) 200pF (b) l50pF (c) 100 pF (d) 700 pF

19. A spherical capacitor consists of two concentric spherical conductors held in position by filling
insulating material of dielectric constant 6. The inner sphere has radius of 10 cm and outer has
40 cm. The capacitance of spherical capacitor is
(a) 100 pF (b) 108 pF (c) 88.8 pF (d) 73.3 pF
20. A parallel plate capacitor is to be designed with a voltage rating of 2 kV, using a material of
dielectric constant 3 and dielectric strength about 12 x 106 Vm–1, for safety we should like the
field never exceed 20% of dielectric strength. What minimum area of plate is required to have
capacitance of 60 pF?

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Physics Smart Booklet
(a) 1.2  106 m 2 (b) 4.75 104 m 2 (c) 1.88 103 m 2 (d) 5.65 103 m 2
21. The electric potential inside a conducting sphere
(a) increases from centre to surface
(b) decreases from centre to surface
(c) remains constant from centre to surface
(d) is zero at every point inside
22. It becomes possible to define potential at a point in an electric field because electric field
(a) is a conservative field
(b) is a non-conservative field
(c) is a vector field
(d) obeys principle of superposition
23. Which of the following about potential at a point due to a given point charge is true ?
The potential at a point P due to a given point charge
(a) is a function of distance from the point charge.
(b) varies inversely as the square of distance from the point charge.
(c) is a vector quantity.
(d) is directly proportional to the square of distance from the point charge.
24. Which of the following quantities do not depend on the choice of zero potential or zero
potential energy?
(a) Potential at a point
(b) Potential difference between two points
(c) Potential energy of a two-charge system
(d) None of these
25. A cube of a metal is given a positive charge Q. For this system, which of the following
statements is true?
(a) Electric potential at the surface of the cube is zero
(b) Electric potential within the cube is zero
(c) Electric field is normal to the surface of the cube
(d) Electric field varies within the cube
26. A unit charge moves on an equipotential surface from a point A to point B, then
(a) VA – VB = + ve (b) VA – VB = 0
(c) VA – VB = – ve (d) it is stationary
27. The electric potential at a point on the equatorial line of an electric dipole is
(a) directly proportional to distance
(b) inversely proportional to distance
(c) inversely proportional to square of the distance
(d) None of these
28. The potential energy of a system of two charges is negative when
(a) both the charges are positive
(b) both the charges are negative
(c) one charge is positive and other is negative
(d) both the charges are separated by infinite distance
29. An electric dipole of moment p is placed normal to the lines of force of electric intensity , E
then the work done in deflecting it through an angle of 180° is
(a) pE (b) +2pE (c) –2pE (d) zero

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30. Which of the following about potential difference between any two points is true?
I. It depends only on the initial and final position.
II. It is the work done per unit positive charge in moving from one point to other.
III. It is more for a positive charge of two units as compared to a positive charge of one unit.
(a) I only (b) II only
(c) I and II (d) I, II and III
31. An electric dipole of moment p is placed in a uniform electric field E . Then which of the
following is/are correct?
I. The torque on the dipole is p  E
II. The potential energy of the system is p.E
III. The resultant force on the dipole is zero.
(a) I, II and II (b) I and III
32. Match the entries of Column I and Column II
Column I Column II
(A) Inside a conductor (1) Potential energy = 0
placed in an external
electric field.
(B) At the centre of a dipole (2) Electric field = 0
(C) Dipole in stable (3) Electric potential = 0
equilibrium
(D) Electric dipole (4) Torque = 0
perpendicular to
uniform electric field.
(a) (A)  (2); (B)  (4); (C)  (3); (D)  (1)
(b) (A)  (2); (B)  (3); (C)  (4); (D)  (1)
(c) (A)  (2); (B)  (3); (C)  (1); (D)  (4)
(d) (A)  (1); (B)  (3); (C)  (4); (D)  (2)
33. If a unit positive charge is taken from one point to another over an equipotential surface, then
(a) work is done on the charge (b) work is done by the charge
(c) work done is constant (d) no work is done
34. On decreasing the distance between the plates of a parallel plate capacitor, its capacitance
(a) remains unaffected (b) decreases
(c) first increases then decreases. (d) increases
35. Energy is stored in a capacitor in the form of
(a) electrostatic energy (b) magnetic energy
(c) light energy (d) heat energy
36. If in a parallel plate capacitor, which is connected to a battery, we fill dielectrics in whole space
of its plates, then which of the following increases?
(a) Q and V (b) V and E (c) E and C (d) Q and C
37. When air in a capacitor is replaced by a medium of dielectric constant K, the capacity
(a) decreases K times (b) increases K times
(c) increases K2 times (d) remains constant
38. A conductor carries a certain charge. When it is connected to another uncharged conductor of
finite capacity, then the energy of the combined system is
(a) more than that of the first conductor
(b) less than that of the first conductor
(c) equal to that of the first conductor
(d) uncertain

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Physics Smart Booklet

TOPIC WISE PRACTICE QUESTIONS

Topic 1: Electrostatic Potential and Equipotential Surfaces
1. The electric potential inside a conducting sphere
(a) increases from centre to surface (b) decreases from centre to surface
(c) remains constant from centre to surface (d) is zero at every point inside
2. A unit charge moves on an equipotential surface from a point A to point B, then
(a) VA – VB = + ve (b) VA – VB = 0 (c) VA – VB = – ve (d) it is stationary
3. Consider a finite insulated, uncharged conductor placed near a finite positively charged conductor. The
uncharged body must have a potential :
(a) less than the charged conductor and more than at infinity.
(b) more than the charged conductor and less than at infinity.
(c) more than the charged conductor and more than at infinity.
(d) less than the charged conductor and less than at infinity.
4. Two concentric spheres of radii R and r have similar charges with equal surface charge densities (  ).
What is the electric potential at their common centre?
 
(a)  / 0 (b)  R  r  (c) R  r (d) None of these
0 0
5. From a point charge, there is a fixed point A. At A, there is an electric field of 500 V/m and potential
difference of 3000 V. Distance between point charge and A will be
(a) 6 m (b) 12 m (c) 16 m (d) 24 m
6. Four points a, b, c and d are set at equal distance from the centre of a dipole as shown in a figure. The
electrostatic potential Va, Vb, Vc, and Vd would satisfy the following relation:

(a) Va > Vb > Vc > Vd (b) Va > Vb = Vd > Vc (c) Va > Vc = Vb = Vd (d) Vb = Vd > Va > Vc
7. Charges are placed on the vertices of a square as shown. Let E be the electric field and V the potential at
the centre. If the charges on A and B are interchanged with those on D and C respectively, then

(a) E changes, V remains unchanged (b) E remains unchanged, V changes

(c) both E and V change (d) E and V remain unchanged
8. Two metal pieces having a potential difference of 800 V are 0.02 m apart horizontally. A particle of mass
1.96 × 10–15 kg is suspended in equilibrium between the plates. If e is the elementary charge, then charge
on the particle is
(a) 8 (b) 6 (c) 0.1 (d) 3

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9. The electric potential V (in Volt) varies with x (in metres) according to the relation V = (5 + 4x 2). The
force experienced by a negative charge of 2 × 10–6 C located at x = 0.5 m is
(a) 2 × 10–6 N (b) 4 × 10–6 N (c) 6 × 10–6 N (d) 8 × 10–6 N
10. The 1000 small droplets of water each of radius r and charge Q, make a big drop of spherical shape. The
potential of big drop is how many times the potential of one small droplet?
(a) 1 (b) 10 (c) 100 (d) 1000

11. Which of the following figure shows the correct equipotential surfaces of a system of two positive
charges?

(a) (b) (c) (d)

12. Four charges q1= 2 × 10 C, q2= -2× 10 C, q3 = -3× 10 C, and q4 = 6× 10–8 C are placed at four
–8 –8 –8

corners of a square of side 2 m. What is the potential at the centre of the square?
(a) 270 V (b) 300 V (c) Zero (d) 100 V
13. The electric potential at point A is 1V and at another point B is 5V. A charge 3 μC is released from B.
What will be the kinetic energy of the charge as it passes through A?
(a) 8 × 10–6 J (b) 12 × 10–6 J (c) 12 × 10–9 J (d) 4 × 10–6 J
14. A thin spherical conducting shell of radius R has a charge q. Another charge Q is placed at the centre of
the shell. The electrostatic potential at a point P, a distance R/2 from the centre of the shell is
q  Q
2
2Q 2Q 2Q 2Q q
(a) (b)  (c)  (d)
40 R 40 R 40 R 40 R 40 R 40 R
15. A large insulated sphere of radius r charged with Q units of electricity is placed in contact with a small
insulated uncharged sphere of radius r' and is then separated. The charge on the smaller sphere will now
be
Q  r|  r  Q  r|  r  Qr Qr|
(a) (b) (c) (d)
r| r r r
|
r|  r
16. Electrical field intensity is given as E   2x  1 yiˆ  x  x  1 ˆj .The potential of a point (1, 2) if potential at
origin is 2 volt is,
(a) 2 V (b) 4 V (c) – 2 V (d) 0 V
17. The electric potential due to a small electric dipole at a large distance r from the centre of the dipole is
proportional to
(a) r (b) 1/r (c) 1/r2 (d) 1/r3
18. Two small identical metal balls of radius r are at a distance a from each other and are charged, one with a
potential V1 and the other with a potential V2. The charges on the balls are :
(a) q1  V1a, q2  V2 a
(b) q1  V1r , q2  V2 r
 V V   V V 
(c) q1   1 2  a, q2   1 2  r
 2   2 
r r
(d) q1    rV2  aV1  , q2    rV1  aV2 
a a
19. Choose the wrong statement about equipotential surfaces.

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Physics Smart Booklet
(a) It is a surface over which the potential is constant
(b) The electric field is parallel to the equipotential surface
(c) The electric field is perpendicular to the equipotential surface
(d) The electric field is in the direction of steepest decrease of potential

Topic 2: Electrostatic Potential Energy and Work Done in Carrying a Charge

20. When a positive charge q is taken from lower potential to a higher potential point, then its potential
energy will
(a) increase (b) decrease (c) remain unchanged (d) become zero
21. A square of side ‘a’ has charge Q at its centre and charge ‘q’ at one of the corners. The work required to
be done in moving the charge ‘q’ from the corner to the diagonally opposite corner is
Qq Qq 2 Qq
(a) zero (b) (c) (d)
4 0 a 4  0 a 2 0 a
22. An alpha particle is accelerated through a potential difference of 106 volt. Its kinetic energy will be
(a) 1 MeV (b) 2 MeV (c) 4 MeV (d) 8 MeV
23. A and B are two points in an electric field. If the work done in carrying 4.0C of electric charge from A to
B is 16.0 J, the potential difference between A and B is
(a) zero (b) 2.0 V (c) 4.0 V (d) 16.0 V
24. A conductor carries a certain charge. When it is connected to another uncharged conductor of finite
capacity, then the energy of the combined system is
(a) more than that of the first conductor (b) less than that of the first conductor
(c) equal to that of the first conductor (d) uncertain
25. If a unit charge is taken from one point to another over an equipotential surface, then
(a) work is done on the charge (b) work is done by the charge
(c) work done on the charge is constant (d) no work is done
–8
26. A ball of mass 1 g carrying a charge 10 C moves from a point A at potential 600 V to a point B at zero
potential. The change in its K.E. is
(a) – 6 × 10–6 erg (b) – 6 × 10–6 J (c) 6 × 10–6 J (d) 6 × 10–6 erg
27. A positive point charge q is carried from a point B to a point A in the electric field of a point charge + Q
at O. If the permittivity of free space is e0, the work done in the process is given by
qQ  1 1  qQ  1 1  qQ  1 1  qQ  1 1 
(a)    (b)    (c)  2  2  (d)   
40  a b  40  a b  40  a b  40  a 2 b2 
28. There exists a uniform electric field E = 4 × 105 Vm–1 directed along negative x-axis such that electric
potential at origin is zero. A charge of – 200 μC is placed at origin, and a charge of + 200 μC is placed at
(3m, 0). The electrostatic potential energy of the system is
(a) 120 J (b) – 120 J (c) – 240 J (d) zero
29. Two insulating plates are both uniformly charged in such a way that the potential difference between
them is V2 – V1 = 20 V. (i.e., plate 2 is at a higher potential). The plates are separated by d = 0.1 m and
can be treated as infinitely large. An electron is released from rest on the inner surface of plate 1. What is
its speed when it hits plate 2? (e = 1.6 × 10–19 C, me = 9.11 × 10–31 kg)

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Physics Smart Booklet

e
6
(a) 2.65 × 10 m/s (b) 7.02 × 1012 m/s (c) 1.87 × 106 m/s (d) 32 × 10–19 m/s
30. Two positive charges of magnitude ‘q’ are placed, at the ends of a side (side 1) of a square of side ‘2a’.
Two negative charges of the same magnitude are kept at the other corners. Starting from rest, if a charge
Q moves from the middle of side 1 to the centre of square, its kinetic energy at the centre of square is
1 2qQ  1  1 2qQ  2  1 2qQ  1 
(a) zero (b)  1  (c)  1  (d)  1 
40 a  5 40 a  5 40 a  5
31. Two points P and Q are maintained at the potentials of 10 V and – 4 V, respectively. The work done in
moving 100 electrons from P to Q is:
(a) 9.60 × 10–17J (b) –2.24 × 10–16 J (c) 2.24 × 10–16 J (d) –9.60× 10–17 J
32. Two identical thin rings each of radius R meters are coaxially placed at a distance R meters apart. If Q1
coulomb and Q2 coulomb are respectively the charges uniformly spread on the two rings, the work done
in moving a charge q from the centre of one ring to that of other is

(a) zero (b)

q  Q1  Q2   
2 1
(c)
q 2  Q1  Q2 
(d)
q  Q1  Q2   
2 1
2.4 0 R 4 0 R 2.4 0 R

Topic 3: Charge and Capacitance of a Capacitor

33. The capacity of parallel plate capacitor depends on
(a) metal used to make plates (b) thickness of plate
(c) potential applied across the plate (d) area of plate
34. We increase the charge on the plates of a capacitor, it means,
(a) increasing the capacitance (b) increasing P.D. between plates
(c) decreasing P.D. between plates (d) no change in field between plates
35. If in a parallel plate capacitor, which is connected to a battery, we fill dielectrics in whole space of its
plates, then which of the following increases?
(a) Q and V (b) V and E (c) E and C (d) Q and C
36. A dielectric slab is inserted between the plates of an isolated charged capacitor. Which of the following
quantities remain unchanged ?
(a) The charge on the capacitor (b) The stored energy in the Capacitor
(c) The potential difference between the plates (d) The electric field in the capacitor
37. A cylindrical capacitor has charge Q and length L. If both the charge and length of the capacitors are
doubled by keeping other parameters fixed, the energy stored in the capacitor:
(a) remains same (b) increases two times (c) decreases two times (d) increases four times
38. To establish an instantaneous current of 2 A through a 1 mF capacitor ; the potential difference across the
capacitor plates should be charged at the rate of :
(a) 2 × 104 V/s (b) 4 × 106 V/s (c) 2 × 106 V/s (d) 4 × 104 V/s
39. Two identical metal plates are given positive charges Q1 and Q2 (< Q1) respectively. If they are now
brought close together to form a parallel plate capacitor with capacitance C, the potential difference
between them is

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Q1  Q 2 Q  Q2 Q  Q2 Q  Q2
(a) (b) 1 (c) 1 (d) 1
2C C C 2C
40. A parallel plate capacitor with air between the plates has a capacitance of 8 pF. Calculate the capacitance
if the distance between the plates is reduced by half and the space between them is filled with a substance
of dielectric constant. (  r = 6)
(a) 72 pF (b) 81 pF (c) 84 pF (d) 96 pF
41. A parallel plate air capacitor has a capacitance of 100 mF. The plates are at a distance d apart. If a slab of
thickness t (t < d) and dielectric constant 5 is introduced between the parallel plates, then the capacitance
will be
(a) 50 mF (b) 100 mF (c) 200 mF (d) 500 mF
42. A uniform electric field E exists between the plates of a charged condenser. A charged particle enters the
space between the plates and perpendicular to E . The path of the particle between the plates is a :
(a) straight line (b) hyperbola (c) parabola (d) circle
43. Force between two plates of a capacitor is
Q Q2 Q2
(a) (b) (c) (d) None of these
0 A 2 0 A 0 A
44. An air capacitor of capacity C = 10 mF is connected to a constant voltage battery of 12 volt. Now the
space between the plates is filled with a liquid of dielectric constant 5. The (additional) charge that flows
now from battery to the capacitor is
(a) 120  C (b) 600  C (c) 480  C (d) 24  C
45. A parallel plate capacitor with air between the plates is charged to a potential difference of 500V and then
insulated. A plastic plate is inserted between the plates filling the whole gap. The potential difference
between the plates now becomes 75V. The dielectric constant of plastic is
(a) 10/3 (b) 5 (c) 20/3 (d) 10
46. The gap between the plates of a parallel plate capacitor of area A and distance between plates d, is filled
with a dielectric whose permittivity varies linearly from 1 at one plate to 2 at the other. The capacitance
of capacitor is:
(a) 0 1  2  A / d (b) 0 2  1  A / 2d
(c) 0 A / d ln 2 / 1   (d) 0 2  1  A / d ln 2 / 1  
47. The capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor is Ca (Fig. a). A dielectric of dielectric constant K is inserted
as shown in fig (b) and (c). If Cb and Cc denote the capacitances in fig (b) and (c), then

(a) both Cb, Cc > Ca (b) Cc > Ca while Cb > Ca (c) both Cb, Cc < Ca (d) Ca = Cb = Cc
48. A parallel plate air capacitor is charged to a potential difference of V volts. After disconnecting the
charging battery the distance between the plates of the capacitor is increased using an insulating handle.
As a result the potential difference between the plates
(a) does not change (b) becomes zero (c) increases (d) decreases
49. 'n' identical drops, each of capacitance C and charged to a potential V, coalesce to form a bigger drop.
Then the ratio of the energy stored in the big drop to that in each small drop is
(a) n5/3 :1 (b) n4/3 :1 (c) n : 1 (d) n3 : 1

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50. When a dielectric is introduced between the plates of a condenser, the capacity of condenser
(a) increases (b) decreases (c) remains same (d) None of these
51. An unchanged parallel plate capacitor filled with a dielectric constant K is connected to an air filled
identical parallel capacitor charged to potential V1. If the common potential is V2, the value of K is
V  V2 V1 V2 V  V2
(a) 1 (b) (c) (d) 1
V1 V1  V2 V1  V2 V2
Topic 4: Grouping of Capacitors and Energy Stored in a Capacitor
52. If there are n capacitors in parallel connected to V volt source, then the energy stored is equal to
1 1
(a) CV (b) nCV 2 (c) CV 2 (d) CV 2
2 2n
53. A sheet of aluminium foil of negligible thickness is introduced between the plates of a capacitor. The
capacitance of the capacitor
(a) decreases (b) remains unchanged (c) becomes infinite (d) increases
54. The work done in placing a charge of 8  10-18coulomb on a condenser of capacity 100 micro-farad is
(a) 16  10-32 joule (b) 3.1  10-26 joule (c) 4  10-10 joule (d) 32  10-32 joule
55. Two capacitors of capacitances C1 and C2 are connected in parallel across a battery. If Q1 and Q2
Q
respectively be the charges on the capacitors, then 1 will be equal to
Q2
C2 C1 C12 C22
(a) (b) (c) (d)
C1 C2 C22 C12
56. In the given figure, the charge on 3 μF capacitor is

(a) 10 μC (b) 15 μC (c) 30 μC (d) 5 μC

57. For the circuit shown in figure, which of the following statements is true?

(a) With S1 closed V1 = 15V, V2 = 20V (b) With S3 closed V1 = V2 = 25 V

(c) With S1 and S2 closed V1 = V2 = 0 (d) With S1 and S3 closed, V1 = 30 V, V2 = 20 V

58. The equivalent capacitance of the combination of the capacitors is

(a) 3.20μF (b) 7.80μF (c) 3.90μF (d) 2.16μF

12
Physics Smart Booklet
59. A capacitor has two circular plates whose radius are 8cm and distance between them is 1mm. When mica
(dielectric constant = 6) is placed between the plates, the capacitance of this capacitor and the energy
stored when it is given potential of 150 volt respectively are
(a) 1.06  10-5F, 1.2  10-9 J (b) 1.068  10-9F, 1.2  10-5 J
(c) 1.2  10-9F, 1.068  10-5 J (d) 1.6  10-9F, 1.208  10-5 J
60. In a charged capacitor, the energy is stored in
(a) the negative charges (b) the positive charges
(c) the field between the plates (d) both ‘a’ and ‘b’
61. Three capacitors C1, C2 and C3 are connected to a battery as shown in the figure. The three capacitors
have equal capacitances. Which capacitor stores the most energy?

(a) C2 or C3 as they store the same amount of energy (b) C2

(c) C1 (d) All three capacitors store the same amount of energy
62. Seven capacitors each of capacitance 2  F are to be connected in a configuration to obtain an effective
 10 
capacitance of   F . Which of the combination (s) shown in figure will achieve the desired result?
 11 

(a) (b) (c) (d)

63. A capacitor of capacitance C1 = 1  F can withstand maximum voltage V1 = 6kV (kilo-volt) and another
capacitor of capacitance C2 = 3  F can withstand maximum voltage V2 = 4kV. When the two capacitors
are connected in series, the combined system can withstand a maximum voltage of
(a) 4kV (b) 6kV (c) 8kV (d) 10kV
64. In the given network of capacitors as shown in Fig. given that C 1 = C2 = C3 = 400 pF and C4 = C5 = C6 =
200 pF. The effective capacitance of the circuit between X and Y is

(a) 810 pF (b) 205 pF (c) 600 pF (d) 410 pF

65. Three capacitors connected in series have an effective capacitance of 4μF. If one of the capacitance is
removed, the net capacitance of the capacitor increases to 6 μF. The removed capacitor has a capacitance
of :
(a) 2 μF (b) 4 μF (c) 10 μF (d) 12 μF

NEET PREVIOUS YEARS QUESTIONS

13
Physics Smart Booklet
1. The electrostatic force between the metal plates of an isolated parallel plate capacitor C having a charge Q
and area A, is [2018]
(a) independent of the distance between the plates
(b) linearly proportional to the distance between the plates
(c) inversely proportional to the distance between the plates
(d) proportional to the square root of the distance between the plates

2. The diagrams below show regions of equipotential. [2017]

(a) (b) (c) (d)

A positive charge is moved from A to B in each diagram.
(a) In all the four cases the work done is the same
(b) Minimum work is required to move q in figure (a)
(c) Maximum work is required to move q in figure (b)
(d) Maximum work is required to move q in figure (c)
3. A capacitor is charged by a battery. The battery is removed and another identical uncharged capacitor is
connected in parallel. The total electrostatic energy of resulting system: [2017]
(a) decreases by a factor of 2 (b) remains the same
(c) increases by a factor of 2 (d) increases by a factor of 4
4. A capacitor of 2  F is charged as shown in the diagram. When the switch S is turned to position 2, the
percentage of its stored energy dissipated is : [2016]

(a) 0% (b) 20% (c) 75% (d) 80%

5. A parallel plate air capacitor has capacity 'C' distance of separation between plates is 'd' and potential
difference 'V' is applied between the plates. Force of attraction between the plates of the parallel plate air
capacitor is : [2015]
2 2 2 2 2 2
CV CV CV CV
(a) (b) (c) 2
(d)
2d d 2d d2
6. If potential (in volts) in a region is expressed as V(x, y, z) = 6 xy – y + 2yz, the electric field (in N/C) at
point (1, 1, 0) is: [2015]
 ˆ ˆ
(a)  6i  5j  2k ˆ  ˆ ˆ 
ˆ
(b)  2i  3j  k  ˆ ˆ ˆ
(c)  6i  9j  k  ˆ ˆ ˆ
(d)  3i  5j  3k 
7. A parallel plate air capacitor of capacitance C is connected to a cell of emf V and then disconnected from
it. A dielectric slab of dielectric constant K, which can just fill the air gap of the capacitor, is now inserted
in it. Which of the following is incorrect ? [2015]
(a) The energy stored in the capacitor decreases K times.
1 1 
(b) The chance in energy stored is CV 2   1
2 K 
(c) The charge on the capacitor is not conserved.
(d) The potential difference between the plates decreases K times.
8. In a region, the potential is represented by V(x, y, z) = 6x – 8xy – 8y + 6yz, where V is in volts and x, y, z

14
Physics Smart Booklet
are in metres. The electric force experienced by a charge of 2 coulomb situated at point (1, 1, 1) is: [2014]
(a) 6 5 N (b) 30 N (c) 24 N (d) 4 35 N
9. A conducting sphere of radius R is given a charge Q. The electric potential and the electric field at the
centre of the sphere respectively are: [2014]
Q Q Q Q
(a) Zero and (b) and Zero (c) and (d) Both are zero
4 0 R 2 40 R 40 R 4 0 R 2

10. Two thin dielectric slabs of dielectric constants K1 and K2 (K1 < K2) are inserted between plates of a
parallel plate capacitor, as shown in the figure. The variation of electric field ‘E’ between the plates with
distance ‘d’ as measured from plate P is correctly shown by :
[2014]

(a) (b) (c) (d)

11. Two identical capacitors C1 and C2 of equal capacitance are connected as shown in the circuit. Terminals
a and b of the key k are connected to charge capacitor C1 using battery of emf V volt. Now disconnecting
a and b the terminals b and c are connected. Due to this, what will be the percentage loss of energy ?
[NEET – 2019 (ODISSA)]

(1) 75% (2) 0% 3) 50% (4) 25%

12. The variation of electrostatic potential with radial distance r from the centre of a positively charged
metallic thin shell of radius R is given by the graph [NEET – 2020 (Covid-19)]

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

13. A parallel plate capacitor having cross-sectional area A and separation d has air in between the plates.
Now an insulating slab of same area but thickness d/2 is inserted between the plates as shown in figure
having dielectric constant K(= 4). The ratio of new capacitance to its original capacitance will be,
[NEET – 2020 (Covid-19)]

15
Physics Smart Booklet

(1) 2 : 1 (2) 8 : 5 (3) 6 : 5 (4) 4 : 1

9
14. A short electric dipole has a dipole moment of 16 10 Cm . The electric potential due to the dipole at a
point at a distance of 0.6m from the centre of the dipole situated on a line making an angle of 60 0 with the
 1 
dipole axis is   9 109 Nm2 / c 2  [NEET – 2020]
 4 0 
1) zero 2) 50 V 3) 200 V 4) 400 V
3
15. In a certain region of space with volume 0.2 m the electric potential is found to be 5V throughout. The
magnitude of electric field in this region is [NEET – 2020]
1) 5 N/C 2) zero 3) 0.5 N/C 4) 1 N/C
16. The capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with air as medium is 6F . With the introduction of a
dielectric medium, the capacitance becomes 30F . The permittivity of the medium is
  8.85 10
0
12
C2 N 1m 2  [NEET–
2020]
1) 5.00C2 N 1m2 2) 0.44 1013 C2 N 1m2 3) 1.77 1012 C2 N1m2 4) 0.44 1010 C2 N 1m2
17. Polar molecules are the molecules: [NEET-2021]
1) acquire a dipole moment only in the presence of electric field due to displacement of charges.
2) acquire a dipole moment only when magnetic field is absent.
3) having a permanent electric dipole moment 4) having zero dipole moment.
18. Two charged spherical conductors of radius R1 and R2 are connected by a wire. Then the ratio of surface
charge densities of the spheres  1 / 2  is [NEET-2021]
R2  R2  R 12 R
1) 2)   3) 2 4) 1
R1  R1  R2 R2
19. A dipole is placed in an electric field as shown. In which direction will it move? [NEET-2021]

1)towards the right as its potential energy will decreases

2)towards the left as its potential energy will decrease
3)towards the right as its potential energy will increase
4) towards the left as its potential energy will increase
20. A parallel plate capacitor has a uniform electric field ‘ E ’ in the space between the plates. If the distance
between the plates is ‘d’ and the area of each plate is ‘A’ the energy stored in the capacitor is: (  0 
permittivity of free space) [NEET-2021]
2
1 E Ad 1
1)  0 EAd 2)  0 E 2 Ad 3) 4)  0 E 2
2 0 2
21. The equivalent capacitance of the combination shown in the figure is : [NEET-2021]

16
Physics Smart Booklet

1. 2C 2. C / 2 3. 3C / 2 4. 3C
22. Twenty seven drops of same size are charged at 220 V each. They combine to form a bigger drop.
Calculate the potential of the bigger drop [NEET-2021]
1) 1320 V 2) 1520 V 3) 1980 V 4) 660 V
23. Two hollow conducting spheres of radii R1 and R2  R1  R2  have equal charges. The potential would
be [NEET-2022]
1) more on bigger sphere 2) more on smaller sphere
3) equal on both the spheres 4) dependent on the material property of the sphere
 V is more for smaller sphere
24. The peak voltage of the ac source is equal to: [NEET-2022]
1) The value of voltage supplied to the circuit 2) The rms value of the ac source
3) 2 time the rms value of the ac source 4) 1/ 2 times the rms value of the ac source
25. The angle between the electric lines of force and the equipotential surface is: [NEET-2022]
0 0 0 0
1) 0 2) 45 3) 90 4) 180
26. A capacitor of capacitance C = 900 pF is charged fully by 100 V battery B as shown in figure (a). Then
it is disconnected from the battery and connected to another uncharged capacitor of capacitance C = 900
pF as shown in figure (b). The electrostatic energy stored by the system (b) is : [NEET-2022]

1) 4.5 106 J 2) 3.25 106 J 3) 2.25 106 J 4) 1.5 106 J

17
Physics Smart Booklet

NCERT LINE BY LINE QUESTIONS – ANSWERS

1) d 2) d 3) b 4) d 5) b 6) d 7) b 8) d 9) b 10) d
11) a 12) d 13) d 14) a 15) b 16) d 17) b 18) c 19) c 20) c
21) c 22) a 23) a 24) b 25) d 26) b 27) d 28) c 29) d 30) c
31) b 32) b 33) d 34) d 35) a 36) d 37) b 38) b
TOPIC WISE PRACTICE QUESTIONS - ANSWERS
1) 3 2) 2 3) 1 4) 3 5) 1 6) 2 7) 1 8) 4 9) 4 10) 3
11) 3 12) 1 13) 2 14) 3 15) 4 16) 3 17) 3 18) 4 19) 2 20) 1
21) 1 22) 2 23) 3 24) 2 25) 4 26) 3 27) 2 28) 1 29) 1 30) 4
31) 3 32) 2 33) 4 34) 2 35) 4 36) 1 37) 4 38) 3 39) 4 40) 4
41) 3 42) 3 43) 2 44) 3 45) 3 46) 4 47) 1 48) 3 49) 1 50) 1
51) 4 52) 2 53) 2 54) 4 55) 2 56) 1 57) 4 58) 1 59) 2 60) 3
61) 3 62) 1 63) 3 64) 4 65) 4

NEET PREVIOUS YEARS QUESTIONS-ANSWERS

1) 1 2) 1 3) 1 4) 4 5) 1 6) 1 7) 3 8) 4 9) 2 10) 3
11) 3 12) 4 13) 2 14) 3 15) 2 16) 4 17) 3 18) 1 19) 1 20) 2
21) 1 22) 3 23) 2 24) 3 25) 3 26) 3

TOPIC WISE PRACTICE QUESTIONS - SOLUTIONS

1. (c) Electric potential inside a conductor is constant and it is equal to that on the surface of conductor.
2. (b) At. equipotential surface, the potential is same at any point i.e., VA = VB as shown in figure. Hence no
work is required to move unit charge from one point to another i.e.,
W
VA  VB  0W 0
unit ch arg e
3. (a) The potential of uncharged body is less than that of the charged conductor and more than at infinity.
4. (c) Charge on the outer sphere = q1  4R 2
Charge on the inner sphere = q 2  4r 2
1 q1 1 q2
v 
4 0 R 4 0 r

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Physics Smart Booklet

1  4R 2 4r 2  4 

     R  r  R  r
40  R r  40 0
5. (a) E = 500 V/m V = 3000 V.
V 3000
We know that electric field (E) = 500 = or d   6m
d 500
6. (b) Here distance between a and +q= distance between C and −q=y1 (say);
distance between a and −q= distance between C and +q=y2
similarly , d(+q)=d(−q)=b(−q)=b(+q)=r (say)

Since y2 > y1, Va is positive Vc is negative.

Thus Va>Vb=Vd>Vc
7. (a) Let d- distance between any vertex and the center.
The potential at center before and after the charges are interchanged =
1 q 1 q 1 q
 
4 d 4 d 4 d
1 q  
Field initially at center  4 cos   from A to C
4 d 2
4
1 q  
Field at center after interchanging the charges  4 cos   from C to A
4 d 2
4
The direction of field has changed
V
8. (d) In equilibrium, F  qE   ne   mg
d
15
mgd 1.96 10  9.8  0.02
n  3
eV 1.6 1019  800
dV
9. (d) V  5  4x 2   8x --------(1)
dx
Force on a charge is
 dV 
F  qE  q     q  8x 
 dx 
 2 106   8  0.5  8 106 N
q
10. (c) Vsmall  k
r

19
Physics Smart Booklet
If the radius of big drop is R,
4 4
 R 3  1000  r 3  R  10r
3 3
and charge of big drop, Q = 1000 q
Q 1000q q
Now Vbig  k  k  100k  100Vsmall
R 10r r
11. (c) Equipotential surfaces are normal to the electric field lines. The following figure
shows the equipotential surfaces along with electric field lines for a system of two positive charges.

12. (a) Conceptual

13. (b) When the charge is released to move freely, the work done by electric field is equal to change in
kinetic energy
 WEF  KE qV  KE
KE = – 3 × 10–6 (1 – 5) = 12 × 10–6 J
14. (c) Electric potential due to charge Q placed at the centre of the spherical shell at point P is
1 Q 1 2Q
V1  
4 0 R / 2 4 0 R

Electric potential due to charge q on the surface of the spherical shell at any point inside the shell is
1 q
V2 
4 0 R
 The net electric potential at point P is
1 2Q 1 q
V  V1  V2  
4 0 R 4 0 R
15. (d) Let the charge on the smaller sphere be q. As the potential of both will be the same finally,
q Qq Qr|
 or q 
r| r r  r|
16. (c)

1
17. (c) Due to small dipole V 
r2
1  q1 q2  1  q2 q1 
18. (d) V1   r  a  and V2  4   r  a 
4 0 0

After solving above equations, and neglecting r2 in comparison to a, we get

r r
q1    rV2  aV1  and q2    rV1  aV2 
a a
19. (b) Electric lines of force are always perpendicular to an equipotential surface.

20
Physics Smart Booklet
20. (a) Because work is to be done by an external agent in moving a positive charge from low potential to high
potential and this work gets stored in the form of potential energy of the system. Hence, it increases.
21. (a) Here,
Hence, VA – VB = 0

Work done, W = q(VA – VB) = 0

22. (b) Charge on a particle, q = 2 e.
K.E. = work done = q × V = 2e × 106 V = 2 MeV.
16
23. (c) Since WA B = q(VB –VA)  VB – VA   4V
4
24. (b) Energy will be lost during transfer of charge (heating effect).
25. (d) Since the potential at each point of an equipotential surface is the same, the potential does not change
while we move a unit positive charge from one point to another. Therefore work done in the process is
zero.
26. (c) As work is done by the field, K.E. of the body increases by
K.E. = W = q(VA - VB) =10-8 (600 - 0) = 6  10-6 J
27. (b) WBA = q (VA -VB)
 Q Q  qQ  1 1 
q     
 40a 40 b  40  a b 
28. (a) Potential energy of the system
1 q1q 2
U  q1V1  q 2 V2 
40 r2
Now, V1 [electric potential at origin] = 0
V2 [electric potential at (3m, 0)] = 4 × 105 × 3 = 12 × 105
 U = (+200) × 10–6 × 12 × 105 + 9 × 109


 200 106    200 106   240  120  120J
3
1 2eV 2 1.6 1019  20
29. (a) eV  mv 2  v   31
 2.65 106 m / s
2 m 9.110
2kqQ 2k  q  Q 1 2qQ  1 
30. (d) U i   
4 0 a  1 , Uf  0
a 5a 5
By conservation of energy
Gain in KE= loss in PE
1 2qQ  1 
K 1 
4 0 a  5
31. (c) potential difference=V=−4−10=−14V
Charge=q=100e =−1.6×10−17C
W
V
Now, potential difference, q
⟹W=qV=−1.6×10−17×(−14)
⟹W=2.24×10−16J
32. (b) Work done W21   V1  V2  q

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Physics Smart Booklet
1  Q1 Q2  1  Q2 Q1 
V  R  2R  and V2  4   R  2R 
40   0  

Thus, W21 
q  Q1  Q 2   
2 1
2.4 0 R
33. (d)

34. (b) qV for q  CV

 as charge on capacitor increases means P.D. between plates increases.
35. (d) Since battery remains connected so P.D. between the plates is constant. But as we introduce the
dielectric, the capacitance increases and hence charge increases.
36. (a) Due to insertion of a dielectric slab capacitance increase by K times. The potential difference, the
electric field and the stored energy decreases by 1/K times.
37. (d) increases four times
Q It V I 2
38. (c) As C      6
 2  106 V / s
V V t C 110
39. (d) The potential difference between the two identical metal plates is given as
 A
C 0
d
Let the surface charge density is given as
Q
1   2 
A
The net electric field is
 2
Enet  1
2 0
We know the potential difference is given as
V=E.d
Q  Q2
By substituting the above values we get V  1
2C
40. (d) Capacity of parallel plate capacitor
A
C r 0 (For air r  i )
d
A
So, 0  8 1012
d
d
If d  and r  6 then new capacitance
2
A A
C|  6  0  12 0  12  8pF  96pF
d/2 d
41. (c) Capacitance will increase but not 5 times (because dielectric is not filled completely). Hence, new
capacitance may be 200 mF.
42. (c) When charged particle enters perpendicularly in an electric field, it describes a parabolic path
2
1  QE   x 
y   
2  m  4 

22
Physics Smart Booklet

This is the equation of parabola.

43. (b) The magnitude of electric field by any one plate is

 Q
or
2 0 2A0
Q2
Now force magnitude is Q E i.e. F 
2A0
44. (c) q1 = C1V = 10  12 = 120mC
q2 = C2V = KC1  V = 5  10  12 = 600  C
Additional charge that flows = q2 - q1 = 600 -120 = 480  C.
q q V C0 C 500 20
45. (c) V0  V    0 
C0 C V0 C C 75 3
20
C  kC0  k  By definition,
3
46. (d) As the permittivity of dielectric varies linearly from ε1at one plate to ε2at the other, it is governed by
   
equation, k   2 1  x  1 consider a small element of thickness dx at a distance x from plate. Then
 d 
E
dV  0 dx
k
V d  1
0 dV  0  0    2  1  dx
  x  1
 d 
d  
V ln  2 
 0   2  1   1 
Q A  0   2  1  A
Q  CV  C   
V d    
ln  2  d ln  2 
 0   2  1   1   1 
47. (a)
0 A  A 2 0 A 1  K 
Ca  and Cb  0 
d d d d

2 2K
A A
0 0 K  A
Cc  2  2  0 1  K  or C  0 A 2 1  K   C or C  0 A 1  K  C
b a c a
d d 2d d d 2
 Cb and Cc  Ca

48. (c) If we increase the distance between the plates its capacity decreases resulting in higher potential as we
know Q = CV. Since Q is constant (battery has been disconnected), on decreasing C, V will increase.
49. (a) Volume of big drop =n× volume of small drop

23
Physics Smart Booklet
4 4
 R3  n   r 3
3 3
R=n1/3r
Capacitance of small drop, C=4πε0r
Capacitance of big drop, C=4πε0R=4πε0n1/3r ; C=n1/3C
q
The potential of small drop V=q/C= 4 0 r
q
The potential of big drop V=  4 0r  n1/3r
; V=n2/3V
1
∴ Energy of small drop = 2 CV2
1 1 1
Energy of big drop = 2 CV2= 2 n1/3C(n2/3V)2=n5/3 2 CV2
Energybig drop  n5/3
 
Energy small drop  1
K0 A
50. (a) Increase, because C 
d
51. (d) As we know,
Total ch arg e
Common potential 
Total capacity
C V 0 V
Q1  C0 V1 , Q2  0 , therefore V2  0 1  1
C0  kC0 1  k
V V V  V2
1  k  1 or k  1  1  1
V2 V2 V2
52. (b) The equivalent capacitance of n identical capacitors of capacitance C is equal to nC. Energy stored in
this capacitor
1 1
E   nC  V 2  nCV 2
2 2

53. (b) The capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor in which a metal plate of thickness t is inserted is given
A A
by C  0 . Here t  0  C  0
dt d
54. (d) The work done is stored as the potential energy. The potential energy stored in a capacitor is given by
1 Q2 1  8 10 
18 2

U    32 1032 J
2 C 2 100 106
55. (b) In parallel, potential is same, say V
Q1 C1V C1
 
Q 2 C2 V C2
56. (a) C = equivalent capacitance
1 1 1 1
     C  1F
C 2 3 6

24
Physics Smart Booklet
Charge in series circuit will be same.
 q = CV = (1  10-6)  10 = 10  C
 Charge across ‘3μF’ capacitor will be 10μC.
57. (d) Initial charge on capacitors C1 and C2 is given by,
q1 = C1V1 = 60 pC q2 = C2V2 = 60pC
When S1 and S3 are closed, capacitors C1 and C2 get connected in series. As a result charge on them
should be same and so the charge do not redistribute on them. So potential on them remains same.
58. (a) Equivalent capacitance of two parallel capacitors 10μF and 6μF=(10+6)μF=16μF This 16μF capacitor
is in series combination with 4μF capacitor,
16  4 64
   3.2 F
∴ Equivalent capacitance of the entire combination = 16  4 20
1 1
59. (b) Energy stored  CV 2  1.068 109 1502  1.2 105 J
2 2
  8   2

6   
KA   100   0
C   
 1103
64 8.85 1012
C  6     6    64  8.85 101243
101 103
 10676.38 1013  1.0676 109
60. (c) Electrostatic energy of a condenser lies in the field in between the plates of the condenser.
61. (c) Potential drop across C1 is maximum. Hence, energy stored in C1 is maximum as energy  (potential
drop)2.
62. (a) The equivalent capacitance

1 1 1 1 11 10
     Ceq  F
Ceq 2 2 2  5 10 11
63. (c) As Q = CV, (Q1)max = 10–6 × 6 × 103 = 6mC
While (Q2)max = 3 × 10–6 × 4 × 103 = 12mC
However in series charge is same so maximum charge on C2 will also be 6 mC (and not 12 mC) and
potential difference across it V2 = 6mC/3  F = 2kV and as in
series V = V1 + V2 so Vmax = 6kV + 2kV = 8kV
64. (d) Start with C2 and C4 in parallel, then C2 in series, then C5 in parallel, then C1 in series and finally C6 in
parallel.
65. (d) Let there are three capacitors with capacitances C1, C2, C3 respectively and C1 is removed.
1 1 1 1
In first case,    -----------(1)
Ceq1 C1 C2 C3
1 1 1
 
C C2 C3
In second case, eq 2 ------(2)
1 1 1
 
C C1 Ceq 2
From (1) and (2), eq1

25
Physics Smart Booklet
1 1 1
 
or 4 C1 6 or C1  12 F

NEET PREVIOUS YEARS QUESTIONS-EXPLANATIONS

1. (a) Electrostatic force between the metal plates
Q2
Fplate 
2 A 0
For isolated capacitor Q = constant
Clearly, F is independent of the distance between plates.
2. (a) As the regions are of equipotential, so Work done W  qV
 V is same in all the cases hence work - done will also be same in all the cases.
3. (a) When battery is replaced by another uncharged capacitor
As uncharged capacitor is connected parallel
q  q2 q0 V
So, C|  2C and Vc  1 ; Vc   Vc 
C1  C 2 CC 2

1
Initial Energy of system, Ui  CV 2 ---------(i)
2
2
1 V
Final energy of system, U f   2C    -------(i)
2 2
1 1 1
 CV 2   ; From equation (i) and (ii), U f  U i
2 2 2
i.e., Total electrostatic energy of resulting system decreases by a factor of 2
4. (d) When S and 1 are connected
The 2  F capacitor gets charged. The potential difference across its plates will be V.
The potential energy stored in 2  F capacitor
1 1
Ui  CV 2   2  V 2  V 2
2 2
When S and 2 are connected
The 8  F capacitor also gets charged. During this charging process current flows in the wire and some
amount of energy is dissipated as heat. The energy loss is
1 C1C2
U   V1  V2 
2

2 C1  C2
Here, C1  2F,C2  8F, V1  V, V2  0
1 28 4
U    V  0  V2
2

2 28 5
4 2
V
U 5
The percentage of the energy dissipated  100  2 100  80%
Ui V
5. (a) Force of attraction between the plates, F = qE

26
Physics Smart Booklet
 q q2 c2 v 2 cv 2
 q q   
2 0 2A 0  0 A  2cd 2d
2 d
 d 
 A
Here, c  0 , q  cv, A  area
d
6. (a) Potential in a region
V = 6xy – y + 2yz
As we know the relation between electric potential and
dV
electric field is E 
dx
 V ˆ V ˆ V ˆ 
E i j k
 x y z 

 
E   6yiˆ   6x  1  2z  ˆj   2y  kˆ 
 

E 1,1,0    6i  5j  2k
ˆ ˆ ˆ 
Q
7. (c) Capacitance of the capacitor, C 
V
V
After inserting the dielectric, new capacitance C| 
K
New potential difference
V
V| 
K
1 Q2
u i  cv2   Q  cV 
2 2C
Q 2 Q 2 C2 V 2  u i 
uf     
2f 2kc 2KC  k 
1 1 
u  u f  u i  cv 2   1
2 k 
As the capacitor is isolated, so change will remain conserved p.d. between two plates of the capacitor
Q V
L 
KC K
V ˆ V ˆ V ˆ
8 (d) E   i j j
x y z
   6  8y  ˆi   8x  8  6z  ˆj   6y  kˆ 
At (1, 1, 1) E  2iˆ  10ˆj  6kˆ
 
 E  22  102  62  140  2 35
 F  qE  2  2 35  4 35
9. (b) Due to conducting sphere
At centre, electric field E = 0
Q
And electric potential V 
4 0 R
1
10. (c) Electric field, E 
K
As K1 < K2 so E1 > E2

27
Physics Smart Booklet
Hence graph (c) correctly dipicts the variation of electric field E with distance d.
1
11. U initial  CV 2
2
C.C 1
Loss  V  0  CV 2
2

2 C  C  4
1
CV 2
% Loss  4 100  50%
1 2
CV
2
KQ KQ
12. Vin  VS  and Vout  r  R 
R r

0 A
13. CO 
d
0 A 0 A 8 0 A 8
CK     CO
t d d 5 d 5
dt d 
k 2 8
KP cos  9 109 16 109  cos 600
14. V ; V 
 0.6 
2
r2

  600
P
1
9 16 
V 2 ; V  72 ; V  200V
0.36 0.36

15. Through out the volume electric potential is constant

V = constant  dV  0
dV
E  0
dr
0 A
 6 F …. (1)
16. d
A
 30  F ….. (2)
d

28
Physics Smart Booklet
 2    5  5 0
1 0
 5  8.85 1012  44.25 1012  0.44 1010 C 2 N 1m 2
17. having a permanent electric dipole moment
q R
18. For same potential 1  1
q2 R2
 1 q1 R22 R2
 . 
 2 q2 R12 R1
19. u  PE cos = PE
1 1 0 A 2 2 1
V 2  .E d  0 E 2 Ad
20. 2 ; 2 d 2
21. 3rd capacitor is short circuited ; Ceq=2C
kQ
22. Electric potential due to a charged sphere 
R
k = 9 × 109 N–m2/C2
Q : charge on sphere
R : Radius of sphere
Let charge and radius of smaller drop is q and r respectively
kq
For smaller drop, V   220V
r
Let R be radius of bigger drop,
4  4
As volume remains the same   r 3   27   R 3  R  3 27r  3r
3  3
Now, using charge conservation,
 Q  27 q
kQ k  27q   kq 
Vbig drop    9    9  200  1980V
R 3r  r 
1
23. V
R
V
24. Vrms  0
2
V0  2 Vrms
25. Electric lines of force are perpendicular to equipotential surface
  900
26. Common potential V '
CV  0 V 100
V '    50V
2C 2 2
Energy stored in the system
CV 2 900 10  100 
12 2
1 1 2
CV1  2   CV1   2 
2
  2.25 106 J
2 2  4 4

29
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