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Seed Production

Agronomic principles of Seed production

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strawberryblack2004
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10 views

Seed Production

Agronomic principles of Seed production

Uploaded by

strawberryblack2004
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Agronomic principles of seed prod.

Selection of a suitable Agro-Climatic region:


1.Photoperiod.
2.Temperature.
3.Rainfall.(Moderate)
4.Humidity. (Moderate)
5.Sun Insolation.(Dry sunny days)
6.Wind velocity.
• Excessive dew and rain cause hinderance in pollination.
• Too high temp cause dessication of pollen and resulted poor seed set.
• Hot and dry weather in case of vegetable , legumes fail to seed set
effectively and leads to seedless fruits.
• Vegetables requires cool climate and low humidity for flower and
pollination.
• For cross pollinated crops adequate wind velocity must be required to
complete pollin.
• Oilseed crops can tolerate high temp. but rise of terminal heat may leads
to force maturity resulted small seed size.
• So very cold temp also damage seed quality in early phases of seed
maturation.
• Seed crops for rabi season must not be grown on such areas where winter
rains prevailed because it may cause seed quality deterioration at the
harvesting time and also make harvesting a big problem.
• Damp and humid weather increase the disease and pest attack on the
field as well as storage site.
Selection of seed plot

1. Soil texture and fertility.


2. Site free from volunteer plants, weeds, other
crop plants.
3.Site must be free from soil borne disease and
pests.
4.Preceding crop must not be same.
5.Site must be levelled and irrigation facilities
must present
Preparation of land

Land for seed crop must be well prepared, well


levelled so that water stagnation must not
take place.
• Good land status enhance good seed
germination,field emergence and stand
establishment.
• Well pulverised seed bed and trash must be
picked up and removed before sowing,
Selection of variety
Variety adapted to the agroclimatic regions.
• High yielder variety.
• Variety with excellent features viz.quality,earliness,resistance
etc.
Verification of Seed source
Seeds of appropriate class must be brought with cash memo.
• Check out the seals and tags are remain intact and bags are
not torn.
• Check out the details mentioned on the label with full
assurance.
• Cash memo must be kept with care for further verification.
Isolation distance
• Isolation must be maintained as per requirement
• Types of isolation
1. Spatial isolation
2. Temporal isolation
3. Physical isolation/barrier
Spatial Isolation
The spatial separation required between a seed field and other
sources of genetic and mechanical contamination, especially
between varieties of cross pollination.

•more the extent of out


crossing, wider the distance.
• higher the class of seed wider
the distance. (bs v/s fs).
• in hybrid seed production
wider the distance than that
of variety(inbred/pureline
Temporal Isolation

• crop of seed production should


be sown early or late by a
margin of 15-20 days than
neighboring fields of same or
other variety to prevent entry
of foreign pollens in the field of
seed production
Physical barrier/ isolation
Roguing: refers to the act of identifying and removing plants
with undesirable characteristics from seed production fields.

Vegetative stage /pre flowering stage based on height,


colour of vegetation,leaf size,shape , orientation or
diseased or malformed plant.
• Flowering stage roguing based on emergence of panicle
characters and uprooting of such plants.
• Flowering stage roguing is equally important in case of
hybrid crops. Where in a male sterile line (A line) a plant of
male fertile line (B line) is present. Such B Line plants are
called as POLLEN SHEDDERS and it must be rogued out at
flowering stage.
• Maturity stage roguing is important and it leads to removal
of defective ear heads viz. off textured, off
coloured,diseased or malformed etc.
Supplementary pollination In case of cross pollinated
crops if a bee hive is present in the close proximity of
the seed farms it leads to higher seed set.

WEED CONTROL
Weeds may increase the chances of admixtures.
• Weed plants are the source of disease host .
• Noxious weeds pose a serious set back to seed purity if
not controlled.
• Weed crop compete with the seed crop for food and
space.
Disease and insect control
Seed crop must be seed treated for systemic disease.
• As soon as pest attack seen control must be applied to
retain the healthy plant,
• Diseased and pest infested plant are unable to make
food efficiently and hence should be rogued out.

Irrigation scheduling of seed crops


As the crop needs water it must be supplied .
• To be supplied at all the critical stages of crop.
• Surface irrigation method of water application with
check basin must be used for the judicious use of water.
Assessment of Harvesting time
• Harvesting time is one of the important factors
that influence the planting value of seeds.
• The moisture content of seeds is an important
consideration in deciding the time of harvesting.

Early harvest (pre-mature) causes:


1. High number of partially filled and immature seeds
with high moisture content.
2. Seed quality such as longevity and field emergence
depressed

Late harvest results in shattering of grains, germination


even before harvesting durring rainy seasons and
breaking durring processing
• Physiological maturity denotes the stage of
development when the seed reaches its
maximum dry weight and marks the end of
the seed-filling period
• Harvest matutity: generally occurs seven days
after physiological maturity. Important
processes during this period is loss of moisture
from the plants
Threshing
• Before the threshing of harvest of seed
production plot threshing floor/ thresher must
be clean thoroughly to avoid any physical
impurities and or admixture of seeds of any
crop and weeds.
• Threshing of harvest of seed production plot
Should be done first then commercial crop.
Storage of produced seeds
• Before storing, seeds must be sun dried properly
to maintain moisture content of seeds.
• Packing material used for seed storage plays
important role to maintain seed’s longevity during
storage.
• In storage optimum condition conditions
• particularly temperature and RH% must be
maintained.
• Preventive control measures against storage pest
must be taken.

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