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OSPF

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4 views

OSPF

Uploaded by

hrutikas2045
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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OSPF packet formats

OSPF packets are directly encapsulated into IP packets.


OSPF uses the IP protocol number 89.
The format of an OSPF LSU packet is shown

WHAT IS OSPF?
1. OSPF is abbreviated as Open Shortest Path First.
2. OSPF is an intradomain routing protocol and it is the implementation of link
state routing protocol.
3. It falls into the group of interior gateway protocols (IGPs), operating
within a single autonomous system (AS).
4. OSPF was designed as an interior gateway protocol.
5. It is used in an autonomous system such as a local area network (LAN).
6. To handle routing efficiently and on time, this protocol divides an
autonomous system into areas.
7. Area is a collection of routers, hosts, networks all contained within an
autonomous system.
8. An autonomous system can be divided into many different areas, but at the
same time, all networks inside an area must be connected.
OSPF Packets
There are five different types of packets in OSPF:

o Hello
o Database Description
o Link state request
o Link state update
o Link state Acknowledgment

1. Hello packet:
The Hello packet is used to create a neighbourhood relationship and check
the neighbour’s reachability.
Therefore, the Hello packet is used when the connection between the
routers need to be established.
2.Database Description:

After establishing a connection, if the neighbour router is communicating


with the system first time, it sends the database information about the
network topology to the system so that the system can update or modify
accordingly.

3. Link state request:


The link-state request is sent by the router to obtain the information of a
specified route.

Suppose there are two routers, i.e., router 1 and router 2, and router 1 wants
to know the information about the router 2, so router 1 sends the link state
request to the router 2.

When router 2 receives the link state request, then it sends the link-state
information to router 1.

4. Link state update:

The link-state update is used by the router to advertise the state of its links.

If any router wants to broadcast the state of its links, it uses the link-state
update

5. Link state acknowledgment:

The link-state acknowledgment makes the routing more reliable by forcing


each router to send the acknowledgment on each link state update.

For example, router A sends the link state update to the router B and router
C, then in return, the router B and C sends the link- state acknowledgment
to the router A, so that the router A gets to know that both the routers have
received the link-state update.
WORKING OF OSPF :
▪ We can see that the network is divided and it can be structured, or
subdivided, into routing areas to simplify administration and optimize
traffic and resource utilization.
▪ Routers within an area flood the area with routing information.
▪ At the border of areas there lies a special router “area border routers”.
▪ These routers summarize the information about the area in which it lies
and sends the information to some other area.
▪ Among the areas, there is an area called “backbone” to which all the
other areas are connected and serve as the primary area.
▪ Each area has an identification.
▪ Two different areas can’t be connected directly but they need to be
connected through the backbone network and it is compulsory.
▪ The routers which are at the border of two areas for example area 1 and
area 3 are connected through is area border router.

As the name suggested “shortest path first”, OSPF calculates the shortest route
to a destination through the network based on an algorithm.
It uses the Dijkstra algorithm for calculating the shortest path.
OSPF Header FORMAT:

o Version: It is an 8-bit field that specifies the OSPF protocol version


o Type: It is an 8-bit field. It specifies the type of the OSPF packet
o Message: It is a 16-bit field that defines the total length of the message,
including the header.
o Therefore, the total length is equal to the sum of the length of the message and
header.
o Source IP address: It defines the address from which the packets are sent. It
is a sending routing IP address.
o Area identification: It defines the area within which the routing takes place.
o Checksum: It is used for error correction and error detection.
o Authentication type: There are two types of authentication, i.e., 0 and 1.
Here, 0 means for none that specifies no authentication is available and 1
means for pwd that specifies the password-based authentication.
o Authentication: It is a 32-bit field that contains the actual value of the
authentication data.

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