Centre Number

Candidate Number

General Certificate of Secondary Education

2015

GCSE: Physics

Unit 2
Higher Tier
*GPH22*

[GPH22] *GPH22*

FRIDAY 19 JUNE, MORNING

TIME
1 hour 45 minutes.

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
Write your Centre Number and Candidate Number in the spaces provided at the top of this
page.
You must answer the questions in the spaces provided.
Do not write outside the boxed area on each page or on blank pages.
Complete in blue or black ink only. Do not write with a gel pen.
Answer all six questions.

INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES

The total mark for this paper is 115.
Figures in brackets printed down the right-hand side of pages indicate the marks awarded
to each question or part question.
Quality of written communication will be assessed in question 1(b) and question 3(a)(ii).

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 1 (a) A student was asked to state a property of electromagnetic waves and gave the
answer below.

“All electromagnetic waves are longitudinal waves and

travel at the same speed in a vacuum.”

(i) What is wrong with this statement?

[1]

Visible light is a member of the electromagnetic wave family.

(ii) Name two other members of the electromagnetic wave family.

One should have a wavelength longer than visible light and one should
have a wavelength shorter than visible light.
Give a use for each electromagnetic wave.

Wavelength longer than Wavelength shorter than

visible light visible light
Name Name

Use Use

[4]
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 (iii) Green light has a frequency 5.5 × 1014 Hz.
The speed of light is 3.0 × 108 m/s.
Calculate the wavelength of green light.

You are advised to show clearly how you get your answer.
Remember to include a unit with your answer.

Wavelength =            [4]

(b) To measure the speed of sound the following experiment is carried out.
A single sound is made by striking a metal plate with a hammer as shown below.
The microphone is connected to an electronic timer. When the sound first
reaches the microphone the timer starts and it stops when the sound next
reaches the microphone.

Hammer Wall
Metal plate Microphone

Timer


00:00

© CCEA

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 Describe the path taken by the sound made by the hammer striking the metal
plate.
State the measurements that must be taken and how the speed of sound can be
calculated from these measurements.
You should also state what must be done to obtain a more reliable result for the
speed of sound.

In this question you will be assessed on your communication skills and

the use of specialist science terms.

[6]
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 (c) The speed of sound in air varies with the temperature of the air.
This variation is shown in the graph below.


344


340

336

speed 
of sound
332
in air/m/s

328

324

320
0 5 10 15 20 25
temperature T/oC

(i) Draw the line of best fit through the plotted points. [1]

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 (ii) Is the speed of sound directly proportional to the temperature?
Explain your answer.

[1]

(iii) Using your graph determine the speed of sound at 18 oC.

Speed of sound =            m/s [1]

The relationship between the speed of sound V and the temperature T is given
by the equation
V = A + BT

A and B are constants and T is the temperature in oC.

(iv) Using the graph, what is the value of the constant A?

A =            m/s [1]

(v) What is the physical meaning of the constant A?

[1]

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 2 (a) The diagram shows a girl standing in front of a vertical plane mirror. To see
all of her face she does not require a mirror the length of the one shown.

© CCEA

On the diagram draw, carefully and accurately, rays of light that show she is
able to see the top of her head A and her chin B using a mirror of minimum
length and state what this minimum length is.

Minimum length of mirror =            cm [4]

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 (b) Rainbows are a common sight when the sun shines following a rain shower.
Water droplets in the atmosphere are responsible for the colours seen. At X
the sunlight is separated into many colours. The diagram shows only the red
and violet light rays.

sunlight

raindrop (water)


X



Y


red 


t
viole

(i) What is this effect called?

State briefly why it happens.

[2]

(ii) At Y no light emerges from the raindrop.

State what this effect is called and state briefly why it happens.

[2]

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 (c) To measure the focal length of a converging lens a student set up
the apparatus shown below.

lamphouse screen
lens

mesh

© CCEA

The lamphouse with the mesh is used as the object.

She placed the object 20 cm from the lens and moved the screen until she
produced a sharp image on the screen.

(i) The distance between the lens and screen is not the focal length.
Explain why.

[1]

She placed the object at greater and greater distances from the lens. The graph
opposite shows her results.

(ii) What value for the focal length of the lens does the graph suggest? Explain
your answer.

Focal length =           cm

Explanation

[3]

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 20 

16

image 12
distance/cm 
  

0
0 40 80 120 160 200
     object distance/cm

The image formed on the screen can be different in size compared to the object.
The magnification of the image is defined by

size of image image distance

magnification =   or  
size of object object distance

(iii) Using the graph determine the position of the object when it is the same size
as the image.

           cm [1]

(iv) For object distances greater than 20 cm, what does the graph tell us about
the size of the image compared to the size of the object?

[1]

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 (d) A converging lens is used to produce an image that is magnified and real.

(i) Complete the ray diagram to show how this is achieved. The principal focus
has been marked F and the object has been marked O.

O
•F

[3]

(ii) Place arrows on the rays to show their direction. [1]

(iii) Apart from being real and magnified what else describes the image? The
position of the image is not what is required.

[1]

(iv) State one application of the lens used in this way.

[1]

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(Questions continue overleaf)

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 3 (a) (i) Draw a circuit diagram showing the apparatus you would set up to obtain
the current–voltage characteristic (I–V graph) for a filament lamp.

Use the correct circuit symbols.

[4]

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 (ii) Describe in detail how you would carry out this experiment. In your answer
you should explain what is done to obtain a series of measurements of
current and voltage.

In this question you will be assessed on your written communication

skills including the use of specialist science terms.

[6]

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 The graph below shows how the resistance of the filament inside the lamp
changes with temperature.

14

12

10

resistance
8
of
filament/Ω

0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
temperature/°C

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 (iii) Use the graph to find the temperature of the filament when the voltage
across it is 1.2 V and the current flowing through it is 0.2 A.

You are advised to show clearly how you get your answer.

Temperature =            oC [3]

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 (b) The photograph shows a solar panel on the roof of a house. This is made up of
a number of photocells. The photocells produce electricity directly from sunlight.

solar panel

© Zoonar RF/ Thinkstock

The information below is part of the manufacturer’s specification of a single

photocell.

Peak voltage 0.75 V

Peak current 420 mA
Area of photocell 18 cm2

Each photocell behaves like a tiny battery.

The solar panel consists of many photocells and produces an output of 240 V.

(i) In what way are the photocells connected electrically to produce an output
of 240 V?

[1]

(ii) By first finding the number of photocells needed to produce a peak voltage
of 240 V, calculate the minimum area of this solar panel. Give your answer
in cm2.

Minimum area of panel =            cm2 [3]

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 (iii) In the brightest conditions each solar panel can produce 100 W of electrical
power. Calculate the area of the roof which must be covered with solar
panels if the total output power is to be 3.2 kW.
Give your answer in m2.
Remember 1 m2 is an area measuring 100 cm × 100 cm.

Area =            m2 [3]

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 4 (a) The diagram below represents a transformer.

Primary Secondary
coil coil

(i) From what material is the core of the transformer made?

Tick () the correct box.

Copper    Iron    Plastic    Steel [1]

(ii) Complete the sentences below about transformers.

1. A            transformer gives a higher voltage at the

secondary coil than at the primary coil.

2. The purpose of the core is to increase the            .

3. In an electricity transmission system, there is a        

transformer between the generator and the grid. This transformer allows
the power to be transmitted at a lower current and therefore reduces the
amount of            lost in the power lines.
[4]

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 A transformer has 200 turns in its primary coil.
The power supplied to the primary coil is 720 W.
The voltage across the primary coil is 240 V.
The current in the secondary coil is 0.05 A.
Assume the transformer has an efficiency of 100%.

(iii) Show that the voltage across the secondary coil is 14 400 V.

[3]

(iv) Calculate the number of turns in the secondary coil.

You are advised to show clearly how you get your answer

Number of turns =            [3]

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 (b) A clamping ammeter, such as that shown below, is a device which measures
electrical current. It consists of an iron ring that can be opened and closed
around a current carrying wire as shown in diagram A. A coil wound on the ring
is connected to a meter as shown in diagram B.

iron ring
current to be measured
flows in wire
electric current
to be measured
flows in wire
through iron
ring A

iron ring

Diagram A Diagram B

© Zoonar RF/ Thinkstock

(i) Explain why this type of ammeter will not work if a steady d.c. is flowing in
the wire under test, but will work with a.c.

[2]

(ii) Suggest an advantage this type of ammeter might have over the ammeters
found in school laboratories.

[1]

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 (iii) What would be the effect on the reading on the meter if the current carrying
wire is wrapped several times around the iron ring?

[1]

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 (c) The diagram below shows a loop of wire placed between the poles of a magnet.
An electric current flows in the loop in the direction shown. As a result of this
some parts of the loop may experience a force.

B C

 

A D

Loop of wire

The magnetic field acts horizontally from right to left.

(i) Mark on the diagram above the north and south poles of the magnet. [1]

(ii) Use Fleming’s Left Hand Rule to complete the table below to show which
sections of the wire loop experience a force and the directions in which the
forces act.

Section of the loop Force acting? Direction of the

Yes or No force, if any

AB

BC

CD

[3]

(iii) A student reverses both the direction of the current in the loop and the
polarity of the magnet. What effect, if any, will these combined changes
have on the direction of the forces on the loop?

[1]

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 5 The diagram below, which is not to scale, represents our Solar System.

1.
2.

Sun

3. 4.

(a) (i) Name those features of the Solar System indicated.

Write the names in the boxes. [2]

(ii) Other than those you have labelled name one rocky and one gaseous
planet.

Rocky planet

Gaseous planet  [1]

(iii) Name the two main gases found in our Sun.

1.              2.                [1]

(iv) Name the process by which energy is produced in our Sun.

[1]

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 (b) What is the difference between the Heliocentric and Geocentric models of the
Solar System?

[1]

(c) The Heliocentric model of the Solar System was suggested in the early 17th
century when Galileo Galilei used a telescope to observe the planets.

(i) At the time, who were the main objectors to the Heliocentric model?

[1]

(ii) Name one observation that could be explained by the Heliocentric model
but not the Geocentric.

[1]

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 (d) Spacecraft have been sent to explore our own Solar System. However, if
manned space flights are to be used to explore the outer regions of our Solar
System, or beyond it, it will require the use of Space Stations. Give two reasons
why this will be the case.

Reason 1:

Reason 2:

[2]

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 (e) The most widely accepted model for the formation of the Universe is that of the
“Big Bang”.

Below is a list of statements or events relating to the formation of the Universe

but they are not in the correct sequence. Place them in the correct sequence by
writing a number, 1 first to 4 last, in the box beside them.

Sequence
Event
Order

Neutrons and protons are formed

Rapid expansion and cooling occurs

Further expansion and cooling occurs, allowing

hydrogen atoms to form
More expansion and cooling occurs, allowing
hydrogen nuclei to form
[3]

(f) When astronomers scan the sky they can detect a radiation which supports the
“Big Bang” theory.

What name is given to this radiation?

[1]

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 (g) Evidence for the expansion of space (Universe) comes from “Red Shift”
measurements.

Explain what “Red Shift” means and how it supports the idea that space
(Universe) is expanding.

[4]

(h) One model for the future of the Universe is that of the “Big Freeze”.
Briefly explain what will happen within the Universe should this model prove to
be accurate.

[2]

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 6 (a) The diagram below shows the basic structure of the Earth and its interior.

1.

2.

3.

4.

© daver2002ua/ iStock/ Thinkstock

(i) Write the names of those parts in the boxes which are attached to them. [4]

(ii) What two elements are main constituents of the region marked 3?

1.               2.            
[2]

(iii) Which region is believed to be in a liquid state?

            [1]

(iv) What is the lithosphere?

[2]

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 (b) Describe how the tectonic plate model explains earthquakes.

[3]

(c) Volcanoes can be the result of plate movement.

The diagram below shows one such situation when an oceanic plate collides
with a continental plate.

© CCEA

Explain how the plate movement can result in a volcanic eruption.

[3]

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For Examiner’s
use only
Question
Marks
Number
1
2
3
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Total
Marks

Examiner Number

Permission to reproduce all copyright material has been applied for.

In some cases, efforts to contact copyright holders may have been unsuccessful and CCEA
will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgement in future if notified.

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