GEOGRAPHY

By Dev Chitransh
Class - 1

Basics
 Basics

Observe the political map of India and World for

better understanding

*Go to Google maps

 Basics

There are different terms use for different aspects that we use
on a map , apart from this there are several symbols that we use
to denote something on a map.

As earth revolves and resolve around the sun then due to it

geographical conditions of the earth also changes , which later
causes season change, natural calamities or natural disasters.

*In Upcoming class we will discuss all important terms related to it

*Go to Google maps

 Class - 2

Oceans
 What is an Ocean
•The largest water body on earth is known as an Ocean.
•Ocean contains each and every other water bodies in it.
•Ocean is also considered as the most deepestwater body
that exist in the world.
•There are 5 Oceans in the world:-
1.Pacific Ocean
2.Atlantic Ocean
3.Indian Ocean
4.Southern Ocean
5.Arctic Ocean

*Go to Google maps

 Oceans

•Atlantic Ocean is divided into two parts North

Atlantic Ocean and South Atlantic Ocean.
•Largest ocean – Pacific Ocean
•Smallest ocean – Arctic Ocean
•Busiest ocean – Atlantic Ocean
•Ocean named after India is Indian ocean

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Class - 3

Seas
 What is a Sea

•A sea is a part of ocean and it’s near to land.

•Water body submerged into ocean and lies between
an ocean and a land is known as sea.
•Sea is smaller then ocean.
•There are about 50 major seas in the world
according to reports and on documents there are
near about 137 seas.
•India is covered with 3 seas

*Go to Google maps

 Class - 4

MORE INTRESTING
WATER BODIES
 Remaining water body

•Canals – It is an artificial waterway created by human

being, also it is a narrow which allows ships and vessels to
pass away from one end to another end of it. It makes the
sail easy and decrease the total distance of the journey.

•Straits – A narrow passage of water connecting two seas

or two larger areas of water. It separates two pieces of land
from each other

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 Remaining water body
•Channels – A length of water wider than a strait joining two larger
areas of water and especially two seas.

•Isthmus – A narrow strip of land with sea on either side , forming a

link between two large areas of land. It separates two large water
bodies as well.

•Gulf – Gulf is smaller then the sea. It connects the land to the larger
water body.

•Bay – Land which is curved inwards and a where broad portion of sea is
found is called bay.

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 Class - 5

Geographical Location Of
Water Bodies Around
The World
 Class - 6

Continents
 What is a Continent

•The largest part of a land is known as a continent.

•On our earth the whole landmass is divided into 7 constituents parts
and these extremely large land pieces are known as continents.
•There are 7 Continents in world:-
1.Asia
2.Africa
3.North America
4.South America
5.Antarctica
6.Europe
7.Australia

*Go to Google maps

 Continent

•Largest continent – Asia

•Smallest continent – Australia
•Island continent – Australia
•Continent having most number of countries
(54 countries) is Asia

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 Class - 7

Indian States and It’s Union

Territories
 Indian States and It’s Union Territories

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 Indian States and It’s Union Territories

On papers and on latest internet reports there are 28 states and 8 union
territories.
Largest state – Rajasthan
Smallest state – Goa
Most populated state – Uttar Pradesh
Wealthiest state – Maharashtra
Literate state – Kerala
Newest state – Telangana
Newest union territory - Ladakh
State having most number of airports (8) is Uttar Pradesh.
State having most number of seaports (53) is Maharashtra.
Capital of India - New Delhi
Largest UT of India - Andaman and Nicobar

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 Indian States and It’s Union Territories

•List of Eight (8) Union territories of India:-

1.New Delhi
2.Puducherry
3.Chandigarh
4.Dadra and Nagar Haveli Daman and Diu
5.Jammu and Kashmir
6.Ladakh
7.Lakshadweep
8.Andaman and Nicobar

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 Class - 8

Indian Coastline
 Indian Coastline

Coastline lies on the coast of land where a water body and

land meets.
Length of Indian coastline including union territories and
states is 7516kms.
Length of mainland coastline is 6100kms.
Gujarat covers the large part of Indian coastline which is
1600km.
The listed union territories comes under the Indian
government.

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 Indian Coastline

•The Union territories which touches Indian

coastline are:-
1.Daman and Diu
2.Pondicherry
3.Andaman and Nicobar Islands
4.Lakshadweep

*Go to Google maps

 Class - 9

Seaports
 What is a Seaport

A seaport is a port or harbor accessible to seagoing ships.

In easy words seaport is a place from where ships can go and start their
sail or journey also vessels can perform different operations.

A seaport is always in that town which is near to the sea or a large

water body.

A dock is an enclosed area of water where ships are loaded, unloaded, or

repaired.
*Go to Google maps
 Important terms related to seaports

Biggest port of world – Port of Shanghai

Busiest port of world – Port of Shanghai
Country having most number of seaports – America(926)
There are 205 notified ports in India and six new mega ports are to
be developed under the Sagarmala Project.
Netherlands has the best seaports in world.
World's most profit earning seaport is Port of Shanghai
China is the country which is totally depended on import and
export.

*Go to Google maps

List major sea-ports in India
The 13 major sea-ports in India are:-
1.Kandla port
2.JNPT port
3.Mumbai port
4.Vishakhapatnam port
5.Chennai port
6.Marmagao port
7.Port blair
8.Kolkata port
9.Paradip port
10.Cochin port
11.Tuticorin port
12.Ennore port
13.New manglore port
 Class - 10

Major Seaports
Of India

PART - 1
 Major seaports of India

•KANDLA PORT [GUJARAT]

•JAWAHARLAL NEHRU PORT [MAHARHASTRA]

•MUMBAI PORT [MAHARHASTRA]

•CHENNAI PORT [TAMIL NADU]

*Go to Google maps

 Class - 11

Major Seaports
Of India

PART - 2
 Major seaports of India

•PORT BLAIR [ANDAMAN & NICOBAR ISLANDS]

•MUNDRA PORT [GUJARAT]

•THE DIAMOND HARBOUR PORT [KOLKATA]

•TUTICORIN PORT [TAMIL NADU]

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 Class - 12

Sea Route
 What is a sea-route

Sea-route is a pathway on different water bodies on which

ships or vessels travels.

The same we have roads on land likewise we have sea routes

on a water body.

There is no Initial and final point of a sea route, It is not defined

and fluctuates with the destination.

*Go to Google maps

 How a sea route is form

•Take Initial and final points from where you want to start
and want to end your journey.

•Now have a look in political map of world.

•Include each and every water body which comes between

those two points in your passage.

•Include major area and side by lands in the passage

SEA ROUTE IS READY TO MAKE SHIPS SAILS!

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 Class - 13

Major sea routes

from India
 Major sea routes from India

INDIA-----------------------------EUROPE
INDIA----------------------------GULF COUNTRIES
INDIA-----------------------------JAPAN
INDIA-----------------------------NORTH AMERICA
INDIA-----------------------------SOUTH AMERICA
INDIA-----------------------------CHINA
INDIA-----------------------------AUSTRALIA

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 Class - 14

Directions
 What are Directions
The path along which something moves is known as direction.

The directions plays very important role in navigating a ship and as well in

any journey.

There are basically four directions North South East and West where North

and south are considered as Poles of the Earth due to magnetic radiations.

There can be subparts or sub directions but we consider NORTH , SOUTH ,

EAST and WEST.

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 Compass

A magnetic compass points to

magnetic north pole, which is
approximately 1,000 miles
from the true geographic North
Pole.

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 Class - 15

Latitude and Longitude

 Latitude
The latitude is specified by degrees, starting from 0°
and ending up with 90° to both sides of the equator,
making latitude Northern and Southern.

There are 180 latitudes

The equator is the line with 0° latitude and this is the

point where equator is max and at poles it is minimum.

Difference between two latitudes is 111km(69miles)

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Latitude
 Use of Latitudes

Latitudes tells the

temperature zones of the
earth ,as we move towards
the poles , temperature
starts decreasing and on
different latitudes we can
check and measure
temperature value of that
particular point.
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 Longitude
The longitude is defined as an angle pointing west or east from
the Greenwich Meridian, which is taken as the Prime Meridian.

There are 360 longitudes

The longitude can be defined maximum as 180° east from the

Prime Meridian and 180° west from the Prime Meridian.

Difference between two longitude lines is of 4mins (1degree),

So if it is 12 noon at Greenwich (0 degree), it would be 12:04 pm
at 1 degree meridian and so on.

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Longitude
 Use of Longitudes

Longitudes tell us the time zones of the earth and by

using them we can get the exact time of a particular
place or the point where we are.

Time tells the exact condition of our location and by

this we can also find that at which position we are
standing as every coordinate has different time and
this makes different measures of each coordinate.
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 Class - 16

Coordinates
 Coordinates
Coordinates are made by using latitudes
and longitudes.
Measuring the points very precisely will
give you the exact coordinates of any
location.

By using coordinates you can find

location of any particular place.

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 How a Coordinate is formed

EXAMPLE
48.8584° N, 2.2945° E
(Eiffel Tower)

29.9792° N, 31.1342° E
(Pyramid Of Giza)

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 Class - 17

Earth's Magnetism
 Earth's Magnetism
To understand earth's magnetism you should
understand how magnetic field lines are form
and what are there properties , which you can
get to know by seeing chapter Magnetism of
class 12th

The topic include Magneic north , Geographic

north(True north), Angle of declination , Axis
of rotation , concept of properties of earth
and knowledge that I taught in previous
classes
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 Earth's Magnetism

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