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Moments and Stability

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61 views32 pages

Moments and Stability

Uploaded by

Cassi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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How did Egyptians build pyramids without

modern equipment?

1
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=52V9jmrgSbI&t=271s

2
3
6.11, 6.12
Turning Forces

4
Learning objectives

• To understand what is level and turning forces


• Force multiplier Vs. Distance multiplier
• Factors affecting the moment
• Moment in equilibrium and principle of moments

5
Turning forces
Forces can turn or rotate the things. The forces that causes the
turning effect is called turning forces.

6
Lever

or
effort

Distance from the Distance from the


effort to pivot load to pivot
Lever
A lever is a bar that can turn when the force is applied on one end.
7
Force multipliers

• Lifting the weight by hands requires large amount of effort or force.


• By using a lever, only small amount of effort or force is required to lift
the heavy weight. 8
Distance multipliers
3cm

6cm

• If you push the handles together a small amount with your fingers, the end
of the tongs move much further.
• This is called distance multiplier.
9
Turning forces (Moment)
10N
10N

0.25 m
1m
10
Turning forces (Moment)

When the perpendicular distance between the pivot and force is increased, the
moment increases. (The force is kept the same) 11
Turning forces (Moment) 20N
10N

1m 1m

When the force applied is increased, the moment increases. (The distance is
kept the same)

12
Turning forces (Moment)

Moment depends on the force and perpendicular


distance between the force and the pivot.
13
Moment equation

moment = force x perpendicular distance between the force and pivot


m=Fxd

SI unit of force = N (Newton)


SI unit of distance = m (metre)
SI unit of moment = Nm (Newton metre)

14
Direction of moment
10N

Clockwise moment anticlockwise moment


10N

15
Principle of moments

1m
1.5 m
anticlockwise Clockwise
moment moment

Pivot
400 N
600 N

Anticlockwise moment Clockwise moment


600 N x 1 m = 600 Nm 400 N x 1.5 m = 600 Nm
Clockwise moment = Anti-clockwise moment
16
Principle of moments (More than 2 forces)
Clockwise moment = Anti-clockwise moment

d3

d1 d2

17
0.2 m

0.4 m

20 N
30 N

Is the see-saw balance?

Anticlockwise moment Clockwise moment


30 N x 0.2 m = 6 Nm 20 N x 0.4 m = 8 Nm

The see-saw is not balanced. 18


0.2 m

0.3 m

4N
?N
The see-saw is balanced. Find the force exerted by the green box.

Anticlockwise moment = Clockwise moment


? N x 0.2 m = 4 N x 0.3 m
!.# %&
?N =
'.# &
?N = 6N 19
0.3 m

?m

2N
3N
The see-saw is balanced. Find the distance between the pivot and
the blue box.
Anticlockwise moment = Clockwise moment
3 N x 0.3 m = 2 N x ?m
'.( %&
?m =
#%
?N = 0.45 m 20
6.13
Centre of mass and
stability
Learning objectives

• To understand what is centre of mass


• To know C.O.M can be changed
• The position of C.O.M and stability

22
Why is the plastic bird balanced?

Because the finger is placed at its


centre of mass (COM) or centre of
gravity.

23
Centre of mass

The centre of gravity or centre of


mass of an object is the point
through which the entire weight
of the object appear to act.

24
Centre of mass of regular shape objects

Are centre of mass of objects always inside the objects?


It can be outside the objects as well.

25
Centre of mass

x x

And the C.O.M of an object can change


when the object changes its shape.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RaGUW1d0w8g
26
27
Stability
Stability is a measure of a body’s ability to maintain its original position.

With a small tilt & released, it falls back to its original position
because the vertical line through its C.O.M falls within its base.
(stable equilibrium) 28
Stability

With a large tilt & released, it topple because the vertical line
through its C.O.M falls outside its base.
(Unstable equilibrium)
29
Stability

Neutral equilibrium
Wherever it lies, its centre of mass is always exactly over the point
which is its ‘base’

30
Stability

Two ways to increase the stability


1. Increasing the area of its base
2. Lowering its C.O.M by using heavy base.
31
Homework
• Workbook – page 46, 47, 48 (No. 2 and 3)
• Homework sheet
• Note taking

All due next Wednesday (23/8/2023)

32

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