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Group28@Dissemination Protocol For Large Sensor Network

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26 views

Group28@Dissemination Protocol For Large Sensor Network

Uploaded by

madankshatriya80
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TOPIC :- DATA DISSEMINATION PROTOCOL FOR

LARGE SENSOR NETWORK

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
In

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION


ENGINEERING

Tanushka (20001003126)
Tushar Arora (20001003131)
Umang (20001003134)
Vaibhav (20001003135)

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING


DEENBANDHU CHHOTU RAM UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE &
TECHNOLOGY MURTHAL, SONEPAT-131039

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

S.No Content Page No.


.
1. Introduction 3-4

2. Features of Data Dissemination 5

3. Common dissemination protocols 6-7

4. Advantages and Disadvantages 8

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Introduction of Data Dissemination for large sensor network

Dissemination protocols in a large sensor network typically take a data-centric paradigm in


which the communication primitives are organized around the sensing data instead of the
network nodes. A user expresses his interest in a given data type by specifying a query
message, which then propagates through the network. When detecting a nearby stimulus that
matches the query type, sensors generate data reports which traverse the network to reach the
interested user. The large scale of a sensor network, the resource constraints of each node in
terms of energy, computation and memory, and potentially frequent node failures all present
formidable challenges to reliable data dissemination. The protocols must be energy efficient,
robust against failures and channel dynamics, and be able to scale to large networks. In this
chapter, we provide a brief overview and critique of the state-of-art dissemination protocols
and discuss future research directions.

In such networks data flows from potentially


multiple sources to potentially multiple, static or mobile sinks. We define a data source as a
sensor node that detects a stimulus, which is a target or an event of interest, and generates
data to report the event. A sink is defined as a user that collects data reports from the
sensor network. In the example of battlefield surveillance, a group of soldiers, each of them
serves as a sink, may be interested in collecting tank location information from a sensor
network deployed in the battlefield. The sensor nodes surrounding a tank, which acts as a
stimulus, detect it and generate data reports. These reports will be forwarded by
intermediate sensors to each of the sinks.

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The unique characteristics of wireless sensor networks make the problem of data
dissemination challenging and different from conventional wired Internet or wireless ad-hoc
networks. Three main design challenges are:

• Network scale A sensor network may have thousands or even hundreds of thousands of
nodes to cover a vast geographical area. Each sensor node is a potential data source, and
multiple sinks may exist. In contrast, a conventional ad-hoc network has no more than a few
hundred nodes in general.
• Constrained resources at each sensor node To reduce cost and increase spatial sensing
coverage, sensor nodes are typically simple and inexpensive devices manufactured according
to the economy of scale.
• Unpredictable node failures and unreliable wireless channel The limited energy supply
and small size make it infeasible to equip nodes with powerful radios and large antennas for
high communication channel quality.
Data dissemination has two different entities:

· Source: Generating data.

· Event: Something that needs to be reported for example, in target detection, some abnormal
activity.

· Sink: A node randomly located in the field, that is interested in events and seeks such
information.

4
Features of Data Dissemination

The features of data dissemination in WSNs include:

Energy Efficiency: WSNs are typically powered by batteries or other low-power sources,
and so energy efficiency is a crucial consideration in data dissemination. Techniques such as
data aggregation, compression, and clustering can be used to reduce the amount of data
transmitted and conserve energy.

Reliability: Data dissemination in WSNs must be reliable, meaning that all nodes in the
network receive the necessary data without loss or duplication. Techniques such as error
detection and correction can be used to ensure reliability.

Scalability: WSNs can range in size from a few nodes to thousands or even millions of
nodes. Data dissemination techniques must be scalable to accommodate the number of nodes
in the network.

Security: WSNs are vulnerable to security threats, such as eavesdropping, tampering, and
denial of service attacks. Techniques such as encryption and authentication can be used to
ensure the security of data dissemination.

Adaptability: WSNs must be adaptable to changing conditions in the environment, such as


changes in the number and location of nodes, changes in data rates, and changes in network
topology. Techniques such as dynamic routing and load balancing can be used to adapt to
these changes.

QoS Requirements : In some applications, data dissemination may have Quality of Service
(QoS) requirements such as delay, throughput, or reliability. Techniques such as priority
scheduling and traffic shaping can be used to ensure that QoS requirements are met.

5
Common dissemination protocols for sensor networks

1. Flooding:
• Flooding is a simple and straightforward dissemination protocol where a sensor node
broadcasts the data it wants to share to all of its neighbors.
• Each receiving node, upon receiving the data, continues to broadcast it to its neighbors, and
this process continues until all nodes in the network have received the data.
• While flooding ensures that data reaches all nodes, it can be inefficient due to redundant
transmissions and can lead to network congestion.

2. SPIN (Sensor Protocol for Information via Negotiation):


• SPIN is a protocol designed to reduce the overhead and energy consumption associated with
flooding.
• In SPIN, sensor nodes negotiate with each other to determine which node will be
responsible for forwarding data to a particular area or group of nodes.
• This negotiation reduces the number of transmissions and conserves energy, making SPIN
more efficient than pure flooding.

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3. Gossiping:
• Gossiping is a probabilistic dissemination protocol where nodes randomly select a neighbor
and share their data.
• Over time, nodes continue to exchange data with random neighbors, and this process
spreads information throughout the network.
• Gossiping is a scalable and energy-efficient protocol, as it doesn't require every node to
transmit to all neighbors and allows information to gradually propagate.

7
Advantages and Disadvantages

Advantages :-

• Scalability : Data dissemination protocols can be designed to scale efficiently with the size
of the sensor network. This means they can handle a large number of nodes without
significant degradation in performance.
• Efficiency : Well-designed data dissemination protocols can optimize the use of network
resources such as bandwidth and energy. They can reduce redundant transmissions and
minimize network congestion, leading to efficient data sharing.
• Reliabilit : By disseminating data to multiple nodes or using redundancy, these protocols
can enhance data reliability. Even if some nodes fail or have unreliable communication links,
data can still reach its intended destination through alternative paths.
• Adaptability : Many data dissemination protocols can adapt to changing network
conditions. For example, they can adjust transmission rates, routing paths, or relay nodes
based on factors like signal strength, node availability, or data importance.
• Data Fusion : Data dissemination can facilitate data fusion, where multiple sensor nodes
share their measurements to create a more accurate and comprehensive view of the
environment. This is especially valuable for applications like environmental monitoring or
surveillance.

Disadvantages :-

• Energy Consumption : Data dissemination can be energy-intensive, especially in large


sensor networks. Frequent data transmissions and receptions can lead to rapid battery
depletion in sensor nodes, which is a significant concern for battery-powered devices.
• Network Overhead: Some dissemination protocols introduce overhead in terms of control
messages, routing tables, or negotiation processes. This overhead can consume valuable
network resources and reduce efficiency.
• Latency: Depending on the dissemination protocol used, there can be variable levels of
latency in delivering data to its destination. High latency can be problematic for real-time
applications where timely data is crucial.
• Security and Privacy: Data dissemination can expose sensitive information to potential
attackers. Ensuring the security and privacy of data while it's being disseminated is a
significant challenge.
• Complexity : Developing and managing data dissemination protocols for large sensor
networks can be complex and require sophisticated algorithms and infrastructure.
Reliability Challenges: While data dissemination can improve data reliability, it may not
guarantee 100% reliability, especially in dynamic and harsh environments where nodes may
fail or lose connectivity.

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