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Electrical Quantities

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18 views5 pages

Electrical Quantities

4

Uploaded by

Alia Lauder
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Electrical quantities

Potential difference (V) is the work done to move one unit charge between two points in a
circuit. It is measured in volts (V).

Current (I) is the flow of electric charge through a conductor. It is measured in amperes (A).

Charge (Q) is a fundamental property of subatomic particles that gives rise to the phenomenon
of experiencing force in the presence of electric and magnetic fields. It is the amount of electric
charge that flows through a conductor. It is measured in coulombs (C).

Conductors are materials that allow electric charges to flow easily. Metals are good conductors.

Isolators are materials that do not allow electric charge to flow easily. Rubber and plastic are
good insulators.

Ohm's law states that the current in a conductor is directly proportional to the potential
difference across the conductor.

Electromotive force (EMF) is the energy per unit charge that is supplied by a battery or
generator. It is measured in volts (V).

Power is the rate at which work is done. It is measured in watts (W).

Energy is the ability to do work. It is measured in joules (J).

Formulas:

V = E/Q
I = Q/t
V=I*R
P = IV = V2/R = I2R
P = E/t

Notes:

The charge of an electron is 1.602 × 10^-19 C.


The number of electrons (n) in a coulomb of charge is n = Q / e.
The resistance of a conductor is measured in ohms (Ω).
Review question

Quantity SI Unit

Name Symbol Name Symbol

Potential Difference ______(2)________ ______(3)________ V


Or
______(1)________

______(4)________ I Ampere ______(5)________

______(6)________ Q ______(7)________ C

Resistance ______(8)________ ______(9)________ Ω

______(10)________ P Watts ______(11)________

Energy E ______(12)________ ______(13)________

Examples

Question 1:

A charge of 40 C leaves a battery and supplies 800 J of electrical energy to a lamp connected to
it. Find:
a) the potential difference (p.d.) of the battery
b) the current from the battery if the charge passes in 20 seconds.
c) Determine the number of charge carriers (electrons) needed to form a charge of 40 C that is
left of the battery.

a) What is the potential difference (p.d.) of the battery?


A) 40 V
B) 20 V
C) 60 V
D) 800 V

b) What is the current from the battery if the charge passes in 20 seconds?
A) 2 A
B) 20 A
C) 40 A
D) 60 A
c) Determine the number of charge carriers (electrons) needed to form a charge of 40 C that is
left of the battery.
A) 2.5 x 10^19 electrons
B) 2.5 x 10^20 electrons
C) 2.5 x 10^21 electrons
D) 2.5 x 10^22 electrons

Question 2:

The p.d. across a lamp is 12 V. How many joules of electrical energy is changed into light and
heat when:
a) a charge of 3 C passes through it?
b) a charge of 7 C passes through it?
c) a current of 2 A flows through it for 15 s?

a) How many joules of electrical energy are changed into light and heat when a charge of 3 C
passes through it?
A) 9 J
B) 36 J
C) 15 J
D) 42 J

b) How many joules of electrical energy are changed into light and heat when a charge of 7 C
passes through it?
A) 12 J
B) 84 J
C) 19 J
D) 30 J

c) How many joules of electrical energy are changed into light and heat when a current of 2 A
flows through it for 15 s?
A) 20 J
B) 24 J
C) 30 J
D) 40 J
[ students ]
Question 3:

The starting motor of a car draws a current of 60 amperes from a 12-volt battery for 7 seconds.
Calculate:
a) the charge flowing
b) the power dissipated
c) the energy transferred

a) What is the charge flowing?


A) 420 C
B) 67 C
C) 72 C
D) 4200 C

b) What is the power dissipated?


A) 60 W
B) 72 W
C) 420 W
D) 720 W

c) What is the energy transferred?


A) 360 J
B) 504 J
C) 5040 J
D) 8400 J

Question 4:

A 200W street lamp is on for 10 hours each day. How much energy in joules does the lamp use
in one week?

A) 1,200,000 J
B) 1,680,000 J
C) 7,200,000 J
D) 50,400,000 J
Question 5:

A solar module (power source) is used to charge a 12 V battery. During one phase of the
charging, a constant current of 1A is supplied for four hours.
i) Calculate the charge added to the battery in Coulombs.
ii) Calculate the energy, in KJ, added to the battery.

i) Calculate the charge added to the battery in Coulombs.

a) 12 C
b) 400 C
c) 1440 C
d) 14400 C

ii) Calculate the energy, in Kj, added to the battery.

a) 0.144 KJ
b) 4.8 KJ
c) 17.280 KJ
d) 172.8 KJ

https://forms.gle/H2RYSxprnoKSg7Pr6

Assignment

Students must be able to describe and draw the IV graphs for


A. Metallic conductors
B. Filament lamps
C. Semiconductor diodes
D. Electrolytes

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