EAPP REVIEW

POSITION PAPER
Position Paper
-It is an essay that presents an opinion about an issue typically that of the author or some
specified entity. –

- It is a critical analysis of current facts, data and research literature.

It present the arguable opinion about an issue.

Features of position paper

 The issue should be debatable.

 The issue should be current and relevant.
 In-depth research on the issue.
 Analyze various positions objectively.
 Cite valid and reliable sources.
 Arrange evidences logically.

What is written in the parts of position paper?

 INTRODUCTION
• Overview of the issue
• Thesis Statement
 BODY
• Supporting Arguments
• Counterarguments
 CONCLUSION
• Summary of Key Points
• Call to Action
Purpose of position paper
 To help you understand your nation’s views and interests on the various issues that
you will discuss during the conference.
 To generate support from the readers through strong and valid assertions.
 To generate support on the issue.
 To describe a position on an issue and the rational for that position.
 WRITING A POSITION PAPER
CLAIM
-A claim is a statement that asserts a point, belief, or truth that requires supporting
evidence.
COUNTERCLAIM
-A counterclaim is an argument that opposes the original claim. It shows that you have
considered multiple viewpoints.
WAYS TO WRITE A POSITION PAPER
01 CHOOSE A TOPIC
• Select a topic that is debatable and has multiple viewpoints.
02 CONDUCT RESEARCH
• Gather information from credible sources to support your position.
03 CHALLENGE YOUR OWN TOPIC
• Critically assess your position by considering counterarguments to strengthen your overall
argument.
04 COLLECT SUPPORTING EVIDENCE
• Compile facts, data, and expert opinions to provide strong support for your claim.
05 CREATE AN OUTLINE
•Organize your paper into an introduction, body (with arguments and counterarguments),
and conclusion to ensure a clear flow of ideas.

DETERMINES THE STRUCTURES OF VARIOUS KINDS OF

REPORT
WHAT IS A REPORT?
A report is a presentation of facts and findings usually as a basis for recommendations
written for a specific readership (audience) and probably intended to be kept as a record .
VARIOUS KINDS OF REPORT
 SURVEY REPORT
 LABORATORY OR SCIENTIFIC REPORT
 FIELD REPORT
SURVEY REPORT
-A survey report is a document with important metrics gathered from customer feedback
The goal of a survey report is to present the data in a full and objective manner.
A complete survey report includes
 Completion rates
 Number of responses
 Date of last response
 Survey views
  Breakdown of ans answers per survey respondent
 Breakdown of closed-ended questions
LABORATORY/SCIENTIFIC REPORT
 You need to explain why you are testing a hypothesis what methodology you used
what you found and why your findings are meaningful.
 This requires a clear link between your introduction and your analysis/discussion. One
good example of report that you should know which is commonly used in the field of
har d sciences is referred as Research Report
The different parts of the research report Include the following
 1 Introductory Phase
 2 Review of Literature
 3 Research Methodology
 4 Body of the Report
 5 Conclusion
 6. Recommendation
FIELD REPORT
 Common in disciplines such as Law Industrial Relations Psychology. Nursing History
and Education These types of reports require the student to analyse his or her
observations of phenomena or events in the real world in light of theories studied in
the course.
WHEN WRITING A FIELD REPORT YOU NEED :
 Systematically observe and accurately record the varying aspects of a situation
 Continuously analyze your observations
 Always look for the meaning underlying the actions you observe
 Keep the reports aims in mind while you are observing. Recording what you observe
should not be done randomly or haphazardly you must be focused and pay attention
to details
 Consciously observe record and analyze what you hear and see in the context of a
theoretical framework This is what separates data gatherings from reporting.
SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE
-It is a data gathering tool composed of a set of questions used in a survey and is utilized in
various fields such as politics research marketing media and so on. It is intended to gather
data views opinions and others from individuals or a particular group of people.
METHODS OF ADMINISTERING A SURVEY
1.PERSONAL APPROACH
This process of conducting the survey involves the researcher It is used to prove the answers
of the respondents and at the same time to observe the behavior of the respondents either
individually or as a group
 A.FACE-TO-FACE STRUCTURED INTERVIEW
The interview is set personally and the people involved face each other in order to
gather the necessary information Questions on the survey are asked directly to the
respondent by the researcher.
 B. TELEPHONE SURVEY SURVEY
The survey is done using telephone or cellular phones The calls are made to ask
individuals about certain questions This method can be used for asking consequential
questions
2.SELF-ADMINISTERED APPROACH
In this type of approach the survey is administered without the actual presence of the
researcher and the respondents are expected to accomplish the survey independently.
 A. PAPER-AND-PENCIL SURVEY
This is a traditional method of administering a survey which entails that respondent
be or are accompanied by someone who is computer literate
 B. ONLINE SURVEY
This is a useful technique especially for studies which unique include many
respondents from different locations. This is used to gather information from
respondents who live in different areas This enables all participants to answer
through different online platforms.
 C. MAIL SURVEY
This popular tool requires an easy- administering of the survey where survey
questionnaires are mailed to individuals who are given enough time to read and
ponder on the information asked
TYPES OF SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE and POINTS TO REMEMBER
TYPES SURVEY of QUESTIONNAIRE
1. OPEN - ENDED QUESTIONS
 -Elicit Quanlitative Data
 -Allow respondents to answer in their own words
 -Leaves a blank section for respondents to write in an answer
 -As it is opinions which are sought ratherthan numbers
 -Often need probing or follow-up questions
 to clarify certain items in the subject response. -This questions typically ask the "how"
and "why" of something
2. CLOSE-ENDED QUESTIONS
 -Elicit Quantitative Data
 -Include all possible answers/prewritten response categories and respondents are
asked to choose between them
 -Types of questions used to generate statistics in quantitative research
 -As these follow a set of format
 -Most responses can be entered easily into computer for ease of analysis
 -Close ended questions should be mutually exhaustive and exclusive so that every
respondent can find one and only one choice that applies to him/her
POINTS TO REMEMBER in SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE
 Write short and simple question.
 Avoid leading question.
 Appropriately Open-ended and close-ended questions.
 Questions must be non-threatening and attempt to evoke the truth.
 Question clarify.
 Don't use double barreled question.
 Clearly define the response scale dimension or continuum
 Minimize presoppusition.