Progressive Batch

English Language
Lecture: 07
Topic:
✓ Adverb
✓ Modifier
✓ Attachment: App. Preposition (N-S).
 ADVERB
❑ Adverb

English Language-07
 ADVERB
❑ Adverb নিম্ননিনিত Parts of Speech কে Modify েরে-

Adjective এে Modifier Verb এে Modifier

English Language-07
 ADVERB

Adverb এে Modifier Preposition এে Modifier

English Language-07
 ADVERB

Conjunction এে Modifier Participle এে Modifier

English Language-07
 ADVERB

Sentence এে Modifier

English Language-07
 ADVERB
❑ Classification of Adverb

➢ Adverb of Time
today tomorrow yesterday daily always now then ago often never
sometimes after before also when while early last soon immediately
formerly presently instantly suddenly since

English Language-07
 ADVERB
➢ Adverb of Place
here there near everywhere anywhere nowhere somewhere up down below
outside inside far neither hither thither away out above further

➢ Adverb of Manner
badly widely quietly wisely gently honestly slowly quickly

English Language-07
 ADVERB
➢ Adverb of Degree
very much half so extremely once twice almost
quite really entirely barely enough just nearly only

➢ Adverb of Number/Frequency
always never ever sometimes occasionally rarely hardly
normally usually often everyday daily regularly

English Language-07
 ADVERB
➢ Adverb of Cause & Effect
hence so therefore why wherefore accordingly consequently because for

English Language-07
 ADVERB
 Adverb বিরত আমো সাধােণত-ly যুক্ত শব্দরে বুনি। নেন্তু নেছু -ly নবহীি শব্দ আরছ যাো
noun/pronoun-কে modify েেরি Adjective, আে verb/adjective-কে modify েেরি adverb-এে
োজ েরে।

 -ly যুক্ত নেছু শব্দ আরছ যা adverb িয়, বেং adjective-এে োজ েরে থারে। সাধােণত noun-এে সারথ
–ly যুক্ত হরয় এসব শব্দ গনিত হয়। কযমি- friendly, homely, fatherly, lovely, holy, ugly, lonely,
silly, costly, deadly, chilly, cowardly, elderly, curly etc. এরেে নিন্নরূরে adverb নহরসরব বযবহাে
েেরত হয়।

English Language-07
 ADVERB
 সাধােণত adjective-এে সারথ –ly কযাগ েরে adverb গিি েো হয়। নেন্তু hard ও late-এে সারথ –ly
কযাগ েেরি এরেে অথথ েনেবনতথত হয়। hard – েনিি, hardly- েোনিৎ/নেনিত; Late – কেনে/কেনেরত,
Lately- সম্প্রনত। সু তোং ‘আনম কতামারে েনিিিারব িারিাবানস’-এে অিুবাে যনে কেউ েরে ‘I love you
hardly.’ তাহরি বােযনিে অথথ উরে নগরয় হরব ‘আনম কতামারে েোনিৎ/নেনিত িারিাবানস’।

 Enough যিি adverb নহরসরব বযবহৃত হয় তিি adjective/adverb-এে েে বরস। আে adjective

নহরসরব বযবহৃত হরি noun-এে েূরবথ বরস।

English Language-07
 ADVERB
 েতগুরিা কিনতবািে Adverb আরছ কযমি hardly/scarcely/barely ইতযানে ‘প্রায়ই িা’ (almost never/not), বা
‘েোনিৎ’ (seldom) অথথ প্রোি েরে এবং মূ ি verb-এে েূ রবথ ও be verb-এে েরে বরস। এরেে সারথ not বরস িা।

 So am I, So do I: নবরশষত Spoken English-এে কেরে ২য় বক্তা ১ম বক্তাে অিু রূে ইনতবািে বক্তরবযে কেরে এই
inversion বযবহৃত হয়। সাধােণ বারেযে কেরেও এরূে হরত োরে, তরব তিি ২য় অংরশে েূ রবথ এেনি and যুক্ত েো
হয়।

 Niether do I, Nor do I: প্রধািত Spoken English-এে কেরে ১ম বক্তাে কিনতবািে বক্তরবযে উত্তরে ২য় বক্তাে
কিনতবািে উত্তরে এই inversion হয়। এরেরে যনে inversion িা হয় তাহরি ২য় বক্তাে বক্তবয Subject +
negative + either--- এই গিরি হরব।

English Language-07
 POLL QUESTION-01
 Poor people usually take meal twice.

(a) Adverb of degree

(b) Adverb of reason

(c) Adverb of time

(d) Adverb of frequency

English Language-07
 BCS PREVIOUS YEARS’ QUESTIONS

➢ Come on, it’s time to go home.’ Here ‘home’ is a/an- [41st BCS]
(a) noun (b) verb (c) adjective (d) adverb
➢ The sun went down. The underlined word is used here as a/an: [38th BCS]
(a) preposition (b) adverb (c) noun (d) conjunction
➢ The mother sat vigilantly beside the sick baby. Here ‘vigilantly’ is— [37th BCS]
(a) a noun (b) an adverb (c) an adjective (d) none of the three
➢ ‘The day of my sister’s marriage is drawing near’. The underlined word is a/an—
[25th BCS]
(a) adjective (b) verb (c) preposition (d) adverb

English Language-07
 MODIFIERS

 Kinds of Pre-modifiers

Noun as Pre-modifier Adjective as Pre-modifier

English Language-07
 MODIFIERS

Participles as Pre-modifier Adverb as Pre-modifier

English Language-07
 MODIFIERS

Possessive as Pre-modifier

English Language-07
 MODIFIERS

 Kinds of Post-modifier

Adjective as Post-modifier Adverb as Post-modifier

English Language-07
 MODIFIERS

Prepositional Phrase as Post-modifier Infinitive Phrase as Post-modifier

English Language-07
 MODIFIERS

Participle as Post-modifier

English Language-07
 DANGLING AND MISPLACED MODIFIERS
❖ A misplaced modifier is a participial phrase or other modifier that comes before the
subject, but does not refer to the subject.

Dangling Modifier Simple Sentence

Present Participle Verbing + object,
Past Participle V3 + Object,
Perfect Participle Having + v3 , Subject + verb + .....
Perfect Participle Passive Having + been + v3 , (এই simple sentence
Adjective Phrase Adjective & adjective নি active অথবা passive
Preposition + 𝐯𝐢𝐧𝐠 Before/After/While/By/Upon+ving ...., উিয়ই হরত োরে)।
Expressions with like or Unlike/like + nouns,
unlike

English Language-07
 DANGLING AND MISPLACED MODIFIERS
 While going to class, _____________ .
(a) the dog bitten me (b) I bit the dog
(c) dog bit me (d) I was bitten by a dog

 Smaller and flatter than an orange, _____________________ .

(a) a tangerine is easy to peel and its sections separate readily
(b) the peel of a tangerine is easily removed and its sections are readily separated
(c) It’s easy to peel a tangerine and to separate its sections
(d) it is to peel a tangerine easily and separate its sections readily

English Language-07
 POLL QUESTION-02
 “Climbing up a tree, I saw a grey monkey.” – who was climbing up the tree?

(a) a monkey

(b) the speaker

(c) somebody

(d) no one

English Language-07
 APPROPRIATE PREPOSITION
Preposition Meaning Example
The Eiffel tower was named after its
Name after িামেেণ েো
architect Gustave Eiffel.
Natural to স্বািানবে Death is natural to all.
Necessity for আবশযেতা I have no necessity for the book.
Necessity to প্ররয়াজিীয়তা Rest is necessity to me now.
Necessary for েেোেী Industry is necessary for success.
Need of প্ররয়াজি I am badly in need of a seat in the hostel.
Students should not be neglectful of their
Neglectful of অমরিারযাগী
studies.
Students should not be negligent in their
Negligent in অমরিারযাগী
duties and responsibilities.

English Language-07
 APPROPRIATE PREPOSITION
Preposition Meaning Example
Noted for িযাত Mohsin was noted for his kindness.
Object to আেনত্ত েো I objected to his proposal.
Objection to/ against আেনত্ত I have no objection to/against his proposal.
I am obliged to you for granting my
Oblige to, for বানধত হওয়া
prayer.
It is obligatory on sons to look after their
Obligatory on বাধযতামূিে
old parents.
Oblivious of নবস্মৃ ত Man is oblivious of the past.
The teacher is observant of the students,
Observant of েযথরবেণ
feelings.
Obstacle to বাধা Poverty was obstacle to his success in life.
Occupied in বযােৃত He is occupied in writing a grammar.

English Language-07
 APPROPRIATE PREPOSITION
Preposition Meaning Example
You have offended against college
Offend against িংঘি েো
discipline.
Offensive to েীড়াোয়ে The smell of this scent is offensive to me.
Open to উন্মু ক্ত The national zoo is open to all.
I have missed an opportunity for going
Opportunity for সু রযাগ
abroad.
Opportunity of সু নবধা I have no opportunity of going abroad.
Students raised a strong opposition to the
Opposition to নবরোনধতা
order of the Principal.
All the rivers of Bangladesh originate from
Originate with/from উৎেন্ন হওয়া
the Himalayas.
Originate in/from শুরু েো The fire originated in his shop.
Oust from বনহিঃস্কৃত েো He was ousted from the College.

English Language-07
 APPROPRIATE PREPOSITION
Preposition Meaning Example
Overwhelmed with অনিিূত The widow was overwhelmed with grief.
Owe to ঋণী হওয়া I owe to my teacher.
Parallel to সমান্তোি This line is parallel to that.
Parody on/of নবদ্রূোত্মে িেি The poem is a parody on a poem of Nazrul.
Part from কোি বযনক্ত হরত নবনিন্ন হওয়া The writer parted from Jerry.
Part with কোি বস্তু তযাগ েো I cannot part with this pen.
Partial to েেোতেুষ্ট We should not be partial to our relatives.
Partiality to, for েেোনতত্ব I have no partiality for my relatives.
Pass away মাো যাওয়া He Passes away in London
Passion for িাবারবগ Sakila has a deep passion for music.
Patient of সনহষ্ণূ The sick man is patient of his sufferings.
The father lost all his patience with his
Patience with ধধযথয
son.

English Language-07
 APPROPRIATE PREPOSITION
Preposition Meaning Example
Permit of মঞ্জু ে হওয়া His conduct permits of no excuse.
Play at কিিা েো Students should not play at cards.
Play on বাজারিা The third girl played on a tune.
Play with কহয়ানিেিা িারব কিিা েো Don't play with matches.
Plead for আরবেি েো The poor plead for justice but in vain.
Plead against েে সমথথরি িাবািুবাে েো I pleaded against his conduct.
Plunged in নিমনিত He is plunged in deep study.
Ponder over গিীেিারব নিন্তা েো The boy is pondering over the mistakes.
The students are pouring over the books
Pouring over মরিারযাগ নেরয় েড়া
for the last time before the examination.
The principal is popular with the pupils for
Popular with, for জিনপ্রয়
his politeness.
Possessed of অনধোেী Muhsin was possessed of vast wealth.

English Language-07
 APPROPRIATE PREPOSITION
Preposition Meaning Example
Precaution against সতেথতা We should take precaution against disease.
Prefer to েছন্দ েো He prefers reading to writing.
Preferable to েছন্দিীয় Milk is preferable to tea.
Prejudice against েূব-থ সংস্কাে I have no prejudice against any religion.
Prejudicial to েনত েো Smoking is prejudicial to health.
Prepare for প্রস্তুনত িওয়া Roby is preparing for the examination.
Preside over সিােনতত্ব েো The Principal presided over the meeting.
Pretend to িাি েো Hamlet pretended to madness.
His headache is a pretext for his not
Pretext for ছি
attending the class.
My father prevented me from going to
Prevent from নবেত েো
cinema.
Previous to েূবথ Previous to that he was a typist.

English Language-07
 APPROPRIATE PREPOSITION
Preposition Meaning Example
Prey to নশোে স্বরুে One should not be prey to greed.
Pride in গবথ েো He takes pride in his wealth.
Pride (oneself) on োরো কোি নেছু নিরয় গবথ
The lady prides herself on her beauty.
(something) েো
Proficient in েে Our Principal is proficient in English.
Students are profited by their teacher's
Profit by িািবাি হওয়া
instructions.
The co-operative shop was profitable to the
Profitable to িািজিে
students,
Prohibit from নবেত োিা I prohibited him from going to cinema.
Prompt in তৎেে Jerry was prompt in doing his duties.
Punishment should be proportionate to
Proportionate to সমািুোনতে
crime.

English Language-07
 APPROPRIATE PREPOSITION
Preposition Meaning Example
There was no cloud to protect the sailors
Protect from েো েো
from the burning sun.
Everyone should provide something against
Provide against েুনেথরিে জরিয সিয় েো
rainy days.
We all should put aside some money for our
Put aside আিাো েরে োিা
well and woe.
Quarrel with োহােও সারথ িগড়া েো We should not quarrel with one another.
The two brothers quarreled with each
Quarrel about কোি নবষরয় েিহ েো
other about a piece of land.
Quick at িিেরি Jerry was quick at his works.
Relevant to প্রাসনিে His remark was not relevant to the point.
Relieved of মুক্ত The servant was relieved of his works.
Rely on নিিথে েো The authoress relied on Jerry.

English Language-07
 APPROPRIATE PREPOSITION
Preposition Meaning Example
Khan Jahan Ali is remarkable for his social
Remarkable for নবিযাত
work.
Remedy for প্রনতোে There is no remedy for cancer.
Remind of মরি েনেরয় কেয়া I reminded him of the accident.
Repent of অিুতাে েো The old sailor repented of his sin.
Repentance for অিুতাে The old man felt repentance for his sin.
Replace by স্থািান্তনেত েো The bench was replaced by a new one.
A Haji has to take many requisites for
Requisite for প্ররয়াজিীয় নজনিস
pilgrimage.
Rest with নিিথে েো The whole matter rests with manager.
Rest upon নবশ্বাস স্থােি েো I rest upon your promise.
The authority resorted to force to put down
Resort to গ্রহণ েো
anarchy.

English Language-07
 APPROPRIATE PREPOSITION
Preposition Meaning Example
Students should have respect for their
Respect for িনক্ত
teachers.
God cannot but respond to the call of a
Respond to জবাব কেয়া
man.
Responsible to োয়ী We are responsible to Allah.
Admission to Dhaka City. College is
Restrict to সীমাবদ্ধ
restricted to only first division students.
Result from উদ্ভূত হওয়া Misery results from vice.
Result in ফরি েযথবনসত হওয়া Vice results in misery.
Retire from অবসে গ্রহণ েো The Principal retired from service.
Retire to নবশ্রাম েো He has retired to bed.
Revenge upon প্রনতরশাধ গ্রহণ েো Immortal gods revenged upon the lady.
Rich in সমৃদ্ধ Bangladesh is rich in natural gas.

English Language-07
 APPROPRIATE PREPOSITION
Preposition Meaning Example
Rob of িুনে েো The servant robbed me of everything.
Ready at েে He is ready at passing running community.
They are ready to do anything for the
Ready for প্রস্তুত
country.
Students should not reason with the
Reason with তেথ েো
teachers.
The workers rebelled against the mill
Rebel against নবররাহ েো
owner.
Reconcile with নমিমাি েো Samson reconciled with his wife.
Reconcile to কমরি কিয়া Samson has reconciled to his lot.
Recover from আরোগয িাি েো The patient has recovered from his illness.
Reduce to েনেণত হওয়া The old man has been reduced to poverty,
Refer to ইনিত েো The case was referred to police for inquiry.

English Language-07
 APPROPRIATE PREPOSITION
Preposition Meaning Example
Reflect upon নিন্তা েো Samson reflected upon his past life.
Refrain from নবেত হওয়া Father refrained me from going to cinema.
Students should have regard for their
Regard for িনক্ত
teachers,
Regard to প্রসি In regard to his character I know nothing.
Sanguine of আশাবােী I am sanguine of my success.
Satisfied with সন্তুষ্ট Man should be satisfied with what he has.
The authoress was satisfied of Jerry's
Satisfied of সন্তুষ্ট
honesty.
Satisfaction in সরন্তাষ The officer feels satisfaction in his conduct.
Search for অিুসন্ধাি েো The police searched for the criminal.
The village is secure from the attacks of wild
Secure from নিোেে
animals.

English Language-07
 APPROPRIATE PREPOSITION
Preposition Meaning Example
Seek for কিাোঁজ েো Man seeks for bread.
The politician is sensible of the danger
Sensible of অবগত
ahead.
Jerry was sensitive to motherly love and
Sensitive to সংরবেিশীি
sympathy.
Short of অিাবগ্রস্ত The college is short of funds.
Sick of ক্লান্ত Ulysses was sick of idle life.
Side with েে গ্রহণ েো I sided with him.
Similar to সমাি Ignorance is similar to darkness.
Sin against োে েো The old sailor sinned against God.
Some writers sink into oblivion in the course
Sink into (oblivion) নবস্মৃ নতরত নিমগ্ন থাো
of time.
Slave to োস Man should not be slave to his passion.

English Language-07
 APPROPRIATE PREPOSITION
Preposition Meaning Example
Smile on/upon প্রসন্ন হওয়া Fortune smiles upon the brave.
Smile at নবদ্রুে েো The rich should not smile at the poor.
Sneer at িাে নসিোরিা Man should not sneer at anybody.
The flood affected people solicited the
Solicit for আরবেি েো
Government for help.
Sorry for েুিঃনিত I am sorry for my rude behaviour.
Stare at এে েৃ রষ্ট িাওয়া Jim stared at Della.
The writer was startled to see the bill of
Startle at আশ্চাযথানিত
fare.
Stick to কিরগ থাো I shall stick to my principles.
Subject to নিিথেশীি The poor are subject to hardship.
Submit to িনত স্বীোে েো Man must submit to his fate.

English Language-07
 APPROPRIATE PREPOSITION
Preposition Meaning Example
The teaching staff of an academy is
Subordinate to অধীি
subordinate to the principal.
Subscribe to িাোঁো কেয়া We must subscribe to the poor fund.
He did not take part in any activity
Subversive of ধ্বংসোেী
subversive of the state.
Succeed in সাফিয িাি েো He succeeded in his mission.
Generally, sons and daughters succeed to
Succeed to উত্তোনধোেী হওয়া
their parents' property.
The saving of Della was not sufficient for
Sufficient for যরথষ্ট
her purpose.
Suffer from সহয েো The poor suffer from many troubles.
Suitable for উেযুক্ত He is suitable for the post.
Suited to উেযুক্ত His comment was suited to the occasion,

English Language-07
 APPROPRIATE PREPOSITION
Preposition Meaning Example
The Lilliputians supplied Gulliver with
Supply with কোি নেছু সেবোহ েো
meat.
োউরে কোি নেছু সেবোহ
Supply to The Lilliputians supplied meat to Gulliver.
েো
Sure of নিনশ্চত I am sure of my success.
Susceptible of The poem is susceptible of secondary
কযাগযতাসম্পন্ন
(Capable of) meaning.
Susceptible to অিুিূনতপ্রবণ The baby is susceptible to cold.
Suspicious of সরন্দহপ্রবণ The police are suspicious of his movement.
The rich should have sympathy for the
Sympathy for সহািুিূনত
poor.
Sympathies with োরো প্রনত সহািুিূনত কেিারিা The authoress sympathised with Jerry.
Synonym for সমাথথরবাধে He gave a synonym for the hard word.

English Language-07
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https://www.facebook.com/uttoronacademy https://www.facebook.com/groups/www.uttoron.academy https://www.youtube.com/@/Uttoron

BCS অিিাইি ও অফিাইরিে সমিরয় কগাছারিা প্রস্তুনত (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MFKW8FSNnP0)