CHAPTER-

NUM BER SySTEMs

CODES

Number Systams
A umber Numertica Value.
is nothfng but a

A inter
Systen is a
g1oup f Componens ohich ane

Connect ed
the
s bu Nunbers l
Number Syslem nothing gaup
rap

Sct Numbers

NumberYslcms
Decimal
Numbe7s4mbo Baae/Radix
oto9
o to N-1
N
Binar 0,

Base 3 Number O,1, a

SysT
OCtal Number S/m
o,,2,3, 4,5,6,7
Hexa deaimal Number ,
o
&A Ato F 6

S/M A=10, B=ll, C = 12, D 13

 Deamal Numbers (3a)10, aaa)10
binan )
(10a
Octul 8 154)g
Hexa7 demal (aob, ABI2)16
NumbeY >ysltms Conrereions

TheTe one -lotat a Conve hions

Decimal t Binay

(Ho)1o a. ao
al20-o
(4o)0 (1o100o) 20 o

5 o

-
- O

Decimato Octal

50g
sHo
8 -
0 5

Deuma o Hexadeamol

(4)10 (26)16.
16-8
0-2
Caluclaing fov hactional pmt abo le Can Conveit one

umbey System to ano-ther Number Syslem

fo ractiona numbe Ne Can do Repetative

Multiplications

(o a5) 10 Oecimal to

O-25 Xa

o50
O50 xa

oo

Wheneves We gct the eso We Can b Slop the process

0 25) 10 :
(0 01)a

Deamal t Octal

(O 45) tlome Wlovk

O 25)10 0 g

O 25 X 8

00

(o 2)s
 to Hexadeomal
De cmal

(025)10 (o4) 16
O 5 x 16

4 00
0.00

0-25) 10: (0:4)16

Combining both mtegerE attional paat

Pat

Ex Hoa5) t0 40 o25)

40 1ooo)1
0:25 D-01) 2

|(4o-25 )D I000 01)

(Ao 25) 10 50 2)g

(405) 19 (28-4)16
Dinary tdeimal
o Lo lo

(101000) 4o10 (115o0

007 0 +5
2xot 2o+ 2xot xlt
a"x 0t ax1 195

O+0 + O++0+ 3 a

101000) 2 40o
Octau to deecmal

(50)
(8x5) +o o

50)s (ho) io
tlera decima to decima

3at8 40
a8) 16 (4o)io
decma fratbiona Poona

Co-01) C1o1000Ppi) 2
(40.25)io

(o a5) 10
Octa dectmad Hahionod Pon
50 2)g 10
&X5) + (8 xa)

0 + 0 25

to a5) Io
 Hexa deama to decmal
28-4)16 28 A)1

16xat 16 X8tF 6 x ax16+SxIG+ 10%6

3+ 8 + 0 25 3a+8+ 00
6

(a8 4) 16 (40 25) 0 0+10

10

p to Now We Compl eted6 Conversíons Now let s do

anot her Six Conversions

Binav t Octal

Base f the Binayy Nm Systm s a

Binavy
Octa s E

We umber, then
Conside 3
bis of the
bina
binary
We gt the Conespondir Octa eambor

Bina1y 2 Octa digi5 ex? Ctoto00)2

O We have tomare
3bi In the above we have
3 6iG
O 2 having 2
s
O
3
10I 000) 50)g
O
4 000 O

O
o 5

6 yachona pait

(O 01), lle have to add o

7 Right to
(0o1o) : ( ) g
2 let
 No Combine both
Real&tackiona paols

(1O1000 0)a 50 a)g

s

Octas to Bina
(50 a)g (1O1000. ot6)
We
we
Can
Side
Side,
o a the left most
Now +We
have Side
We
most
it if We have at Kight
emove
emove &

Can Vemove
We Can Yemove

(101000 O10)
2

We Can
(o000.010) ( 10100-01 2
Remove

Hexo deccmal Conversion 8-

nay o
base a.
Bina
Hexa deci'ma base 2

4lexa Binay Hexa

Bina 2322 2

o o Ab A
o 2
B
3

O O 12
13 D
5
O

O E

O 15
 Ex (1OI O00 o1) 16

(1o1 000 oI)

00101o 000 00) a6 4) 16

Hexa decimo to Binay

(38 416

0o1O I0o0 Oi00)

loi000. O1)
Remove Removee

Octal o exa Cecma

Direct Conver Siom is moE possible
hen te on
We
We Can Convert octa to binoy &
Convet binaryto Hexadeccmal.

50 a)8 16

502)g (101000 O10)

(lo1000 O11,
oo1O1O00 O100)

50 2)8 a84) 16
texadeamal to Octas

Convest Hexode Cmal mumber to Binary.

into octal number.

Binay
Binavy umbeY oill Convest
 0010 t000. 01o0)

Divide Repesen t oh3 diis

000101o0 01000), 50 a) s
(10010),
(26) 16 4)s
a 36) o

A),2,&3 3,4&
e ) , , &&+ 0) 2 &4.

Sl 001 00 UO)
(3)1 isConect

32t% 3R)10
(16x2)+ (Ix6)

100110)2

001lo (212
Missing
Missin mumbeY
the below qiven Serig ind
ind the

Hnt Same inter)

Oo00, 121, 100, ?, a4, 22, 20

So
Sol Sevies eans ttollouS a paa ieul pake

Assuming Ast umbe ith baae Tex is

Now
 base 3 &the mex t is boge 4 1f paten Wovks l e -folloe

these, Otherwise We Can trai E Eror Methocd.

(1o000)a : C16)10, (12 (16)1o (t00), (16))5 =0i

o, Ano they Sesies (a4) 6) 03), =(14)1o i

6 Ou Anatysis O pattern is Corfet So the Conect

Anscou fs (31)5

(24) + C14)b 41) b

Ans i
&xb+ xy + b+ bt
abtyt bty : ybt

b: Heve We gcE ony one 7oot

In gneval, We act fuo To then We take poikve Toot

base
Tuo porihe rooa hen Subsh lult
When
When hle gt
esulE ís ou
hat Values, which gig desred
Is in -to

bagc.

Toind the
the base n when we qt. a Yoole Just

numbe
See the Maximum Single cltgit in the given

Jn ou question Maximum umber is

S 4

So Max Value a
Single dlig t + I
b2 +1 b5
:if (135) (l44)z (323)
Sl
xz3xz'+ 5x*') + 4xz') 3xz 21z'+3x z
(Ixa+ 4xz'

+3x + 5 + x+4+y 3 x +21 -3

2x+11+9 3x-2-3 :
o
-5x-6 O
- 5L +6 = O

bx+ 1x-6

z(z-6) 1(z-6) :0
X 6 1-1-. So We take here posilive 3oot| b : 6

om the tomula ako hle Can

Can S
Sj1
Maxt

base iS
umbeY is hoving
the given below

(312) (131)
(O)

base fs b
asscume
Now We

(b+3)
(312)b (131) b
Ca

3b+2b+2 . b+ 3+ 36+2bt2 Y3b +h

ab+ O

3b+2b+2
26+6b +2 8

36 2-h -2bY-6b-L0
 b - 6 b + b: o

5b) O
b b-5) 0 b:5 E b:o.

base 5
the no
ConsideY the Euaion C23)5 (z ) y
Possible Soluhons is

Sol 5'xI+2 X5+ 3x XY+8

25+ 10t3 Yxt8
38 8 YX Yx 3o

We have to Choose XValucg & qct Some Y Vaueg

Vice VerSa

Valucg & the

Takinga acking
1 30 X Valu

15 = Now Ne gt 8 rclahions thae

s Relations Cant be the ansdev

Nou we have to'Ose o

o»mula
3
b Max (8) + 1.
21 15 2
b2
30
So
So We have 3 Solutions
ov Hhese
 than base
H Note Digit Value is
alwoys
aluways ess

In o queshion

(43) (43)x Cy3)s ind the mo of poseible Solutions

x 8y +3: X
Y:
This ov 4x=8y.
2
4x 8y. @uestion digit
In oua
Value 's"ywhtch is
X2Y
than base
(always less

(: y<8)
tor Equakionm x2y
Now, We Can See the Valus

In this Case X 2Y y fs the indcpenden

We
l e n d the
&
Vovia ble ,
So We Can assume Y Valucg

X Values
Comespondn 7ange tiom
a 8 So
So mumbeS
Hexe base ives

to
1S
maximumNumber
Number
X
Now the

2 b25
b 4+

5 Soluions onA sahistia7

S the ansos is
So
2
 he minimuim no thot 0e Reqired Yepres ent
the demas number6728)to. 's

Ne have to G
Sol The minimum nof bib means

Equivalent Bina Number

C6129)10 16
xumberto Hexa decma then ogn
7in
Convest Decmal

onvert n to bina u m b c Y.

(672-8)10 ,'a48)16
I 12
Repvesent eachtexa decmat mumbe 16 420-
in to 4 binary bi 16 26
O
16
o00I 1Ol00109 100)2 o)2
We Can emove the le-f- most Side

enocs
(A43)16
C IOIO o100 I000)2

1 3 bi ane Re quived. to kepesent (6728)L0-

A n o tM
h ec t h d &-
a 1024 u have 1o 6t We on
Con

Represent ooto23

2 to
axio2 2048 o ao47 (6728 204)
12
ax 2048 => 4096- ooy695 C6728> y695)

a 2x 4o16 = 192 ) otos9 C81912 129

SoSo, the minimum p. f biG Requred is 13 bi

 Some Concept behind he question
We have abig >a 4 Combinations

o. these We Can gt
2
2 N Ns dedmal numbe)

40, 47 472, 473 Condition Salistis

qeneral fomula for these

a" N

no bils N decimal Numbe

Anothey. Method-
6128 Condition )
2
Sdes
Apr on both
e
min of
no H

n logio2 2Jogo 67223

J o 1 o 6728 Yepveh

desm
oao
12
13
Contide the anest Intega

13
 Coves the ea mat mbe 4o15), to Octal number

Sel Convest it to tlexa E then binay then OCtal

o15)10 (FFF)1L 64015

I335 = 15: F
ro 4 bi will ive binar 55 F

t5:F

um ber
CGpp
ping 3 digt wil give Octal

C1771) 8
Au the Digtral a i s WTI Opera in
in Biravy diit
Is os
Nhen
When the UseY 3 Proqrammer the deama
Yepsent
umbey pronouna ike intevms Hexa )octa

minimie the Complexici

4015)10o (It
Hee 12 bit e thee to epresent (4oq5). But for
tor
Other umbes there oill be Combinatim EoS So
ncrease Some
Compicx
But in tHexa
lnte Con 3 bitg Fos (46 15) & 4
diaifG
for 4o15) in Octa.

But inside the

Digt tas Cvci Operohions au
ony cbne
in
Binary Nume Sysle