Copyright 2007 - 2011 Maria Miller.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by
any means, electronic or mechanical, or by any information storage and retrieval system,
without permission in writing from the author.

Copying permission: Permission IS granted to reproduce this material to be used with

one (1) teacher's students by virtue of the purchase of this book. In other words, one (1)
teacher MAY make copies of these worksheets to be used with his/her students.
Permission is not given to reproduce the material for resale. If you have other needs, such
as school-wide licensing, contact the author at www.MathMammoth.com/contact.php.

Please visit www.MathMammoth.com for more information about ebooks and books by
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Create free math worksheets at www.HomeschoolMath.net/worksheets/

2
 Contents

Introduction ........................................................................... 5
Fraction Concept

Recognize Fractions ............................................................ 6

Fractions .............................................................................. 7
Fractions .............................................................................. 8
Mixed Number Concept

Mixed Numbers ................................................................... 9

Mixed Numbers ................................................................... 10
Fractions to Mixed Numbers ............................................... 11
Fractions to Mixed Numbers ............................................... 12
Equivalent Fractions

Equivalent Fractions ........................................................... 13

Equivalent Fractions ........................................................... 14
Equivalent Fractions 1 ........................................................ 15
Equivalent Fractions 2 ........................................................ 16
Equivalent Fractions/LCM .................................................. 17
Compare Fractions

Compare Fractions ............................................................ 18

Comparing Fractions ......................................................... 19
Comparing Fractions ........................................................ 20
Addition and Subtraction

Add and Subtract Fractions ............................................. 21

Add Fractions and Mixed Numbers 1 ............................... 22
Add Fractions and Mixed Numbers 2 ............................... 23
Adding Unlike Fractions 1 ................................................. 24
Adding Unlike Fractions 2 ................................................. 25
Adding Unlike Fractions .................................................... 26

Add and Subtract Unlike Fractions ................................... 27

Adding Mixed Numbers .................................................... 28
Adding Mixed Numbers .................................................... 29

Subtract Fractions ............................................................ 30

Subtract Mixed Numbers in Parts ..................................... 31
Subtract Mixed Numbers - Rename ................................. 32
Subtract Mixed Numbers .................................................. 33

3
Addition and Subtraction cont.

Subtracting Mixed Numbers ............................................. 34

Subtracting Mixed Numbers ............................................. 35
Subtract Mixed Numbers .................................................. 36
Add/Subtract Three Mixed Numbers ................................ 37
Add/Subtract Fractions ..................................................... 38
Part Of A Whole

Part of a Group ................................................................. 39

Part of a Whole 1 .............................................................. 40
Part of a Whole 2 .............................................................. 41
Part of a Whole ................................................................. 42
Problems with Parts .......................................................... 43
Problems with Parts .......................................................... 44
Simplifying

Simplifying Fractions 1 ...................................................... 45

Simplifying Fractions 2 ...................................................... 46
Simplifying .........................................................................47
Simplifying GCF ................................................................ 48
Simplifying Before Multiplying ........................................... 49
Multiplication

Multiply Fractions 1 ........................................................... 50

Multiply Fractions 2 ........................................................... 51
Multiply Fractions 3 ........................................................... 52
Multiply Fractions by Fractions ......................................... 53
Multiplication and Area ..................................................... 54
Multiplication with Mixed Numbers .................................. 55
Division

Divide Fractions ................................................................ 56

Divide Fractions ................................................................ 57
Divide Fractions ................................................................ 58
Divide Fractions by Fractions ........................................... 59
Review Sheets

Fractions Review ............................................................. 60

Fractions Review 1 .......................................................... 61
Fractions Review 2 .......................................................... 62
Fractions Problems .......................................................... 63
Fractions Word Problems ................................................. 64
Fractions Roundup 1 ........................................................ 65
Fractions Roundup 2 ........................................................ 66

More from Math Mammoth ............................................... 67

4
Introduction
Math Mammoth Fractions Worksheets Collection includes fractions-related
worksheets from Math Mammoth Grade 3, Grade 4, Grade 5, and Grade 6
worksheets collections, here in one handy package for those who would need them.

The grade-level worksheets packages were originally created for and in collaboration
with SpiderSmart, Inc. tutoring company.

These sheets therefore span about four grade levels; however here they are
organized by topic. The teacher can choose a sheet of the right difficulty level, or
even assign some students easier sheets and some students more challenging
ones.

The worksheets cover fraction and mixed number concepts, equivalent fractions,
comparing fractions, then addition and subtraction topics, part of a whole problems,
then multiplication, division, and finally review worksheets.

While these are just worksheets without explanations, many of them concentrate on
visual exercises that help students to understand fraction concepts without resorting
to the mechanical memorization of rules.

I hope the problems will fit your needs.

I wish you success with math teaching!

Maria Miller, the author

5
Name: Date:

Recognize Fractions
1. Write two fractions for each picture: the colored part and the white part.

a. b. c. d. e. f.

g. h. i. j. k. l.

How to draw pie models

Thirds: draw lines Fifths: First draw a line at 12 Sixths: First draw Eighths: First
at 12 o'clock, 4 o'clock. Then draw as a man thirds, then split draw fourths,
o'clock, and 8 doing jumping jacks. those then split those.
o'clock.

2. Divide the circle into fractions and color the right amount the illustrate the fraction.

1 2 1 3 2 1
a. b. c. d. e. f.
2 5 6 5 3 8

1 6 4 3 1 4
g. h. i. j. k. l.
4 8 5 8 3 4

6
Name: Date:

Fractions
1. Color parts. Write the colored part and the white part as fractions.

a. Color 1 part. c. Color 8 parts.

b. Color 5 parts. d. Color 3 parts.

1 and and
and and
12

2. Write one whole as a fraction.

|—|—|—|—|—|

a. 1 = b. 1 = c. 1 = d. 1 = e. 1 =

3.
3 1
a. The Jackson's ate of the pie. b. Jerry ate of the cake.
4 6
How much is left? How much is left?

c. Five boys shared a chocolate bar equally. So, each one got of the bar.

4. Color. Write an addition sentence, adding the colored and white parts. What is the sum?

a. Color 1 part. b. Color 10 parts. c. Color 3 parts. d. Color 15 parts.

1
+ =
6

5. What is missing from 1 whole?

3 1 40 56
a. + =1 b. + =1 c. + =1 d. + =1
4 8 100 100

7
Name: Date:

Fractions
1. Mark on this number line the following fractions:
1 1 1 1 3 5 2 5
, , , , , , ,
4 2 6 3 4 12 3 6

2. Draw pictures to illustrate these fractions, and write them as mixed numbers.

10 12 18
a. b. c.
6 7 5

3. Draw pictures to illustrate these addition problems.

6 7 1 5 8 5
a. + = b. 1 + c. 1 +1
8 8 6 6 9 9

4. Draw pictures to illustrate these equivalent fractions.

a. 1 3 2 2
= b. = c. = d. =
2 4 12 3 6 5 10

5. Compare mentally, without changing to equivalent fractions. Notice the similarities!

1 1 1 7 1 16
a. e. i.
5 10 15 15 2 20

1 1 72 71 6 1
b. f. j.
120 75 80 80 15 2

4 4 20 2 1 4
c. g. k.
7 9 2000 2000 2 9

15 15 540 450 7 1
d. h. l.
65 34 300 300 13 2

8
 Mixed Numbers
1. Write what mixed numbers the pictures illustrate.

a. b. c. d.

e. f. g. h.

2. Find matching pairs.

3 9
1
4 4

1 7
1
8 4

1 11
2
4 8

3 9
1
8 8

3. Draw pictures to illustrate these mixed numbers.

1 2 3
a. 1 b. 2 c. 2
2 3 4

9
Name: Date:

Mixed Numbers
1. Draw the mixed numbers.

3 1 1
a. 1 b. 1 c. 2
4 8 6

2 3
d. 4 e. 3
3 8

2. Color. Add the colored parts and white parts. Write one addition sentence using
fractions, another using mixed numbers. What is the sum?

a. Color 5 parts. b. Color 4 parts. c. Color 8 parts. d. Color 5 parts.

5 3 8
4
+ 4
= 4

1 3
1 4
+ 4
= 2

3. Write whole numbers as fractions.

a. 2 = b. c.

4. Answer.

a. Jack had 2 granola bars. He and his b. A 5-inch pencil is cut into two equal
1
friends ate 1 of them. How much is left? pieces.
2 How long are the pieces?

c. A measuring cup can hold 2 cups when full. Jill poured

1 1/4 cups of water into it. How much will still fit?

5. What is missing from the next whole number?

1 2 4 1
a. 1 + =2 b. 1 + =2 c. 3 + = d. 5 + =
4 10 10 5

10
Name: Date:

Fractions to Mixed Numbers

1. Write as mixed numbers.

6 8 9 8 11 9 12 16 19
a. = = = b. = = = c. = = =
5 5 5 6 6 6 10 10 10

2. Write as fractions or mixed numbers.

5 7 4 8 11 14 14 10
fraction
4 5 3 7 7 10 12 6

mixed 1 2 3 2 2 7
number
1 1 1 1 1 1
2 10 5 6 3 12

3. Rename the fractional part. Write as mixed numbers.

5 1 3 13 14 11
a. 1 =2 b. 3 = c. 2 = d. 5 = e. 4 =
4 4 2 12 10 6

4. Add. Rename the result if needed.

a. 3 6 3 6 6
1 b. 3 c. 7 d. 2 e. 14
4 8 5 10 9
2 7 4 8 5
+ 1 + 2 + 2 + 5 + 3
4 8 5 10 9
5 1
2 =3
4 4

5. Solve the word problems.

a. Two sides of a rectangle are 2 1/4 inches b. Each side of a triangle is 2 3/8 inches.
and 3 1/4 inches. What is its perimeter?
What is its perimeter?

c. A movie lasted 1 3/4 hours and a meal d. Baby blocks are 1 1/8 in. tall.
afterwards took 1 1/4 hours. How much How tall is a stack of ten of them?
time did these take in total?

11
Name: Date:

Fractions and Mixed Numbers

1. Write the fractions as mixed numbers. Draw a picture in c.

11 16 17
a. b. c.
6 7 10

2. Draw a picture of these mixed numbers. Write them as fractions, too.

3 3 4
a. 1 b. 1 c. 2
4 12 9

3. Shade parts, and add to make the next whole number.

2 1
a. 1 + =2 b. 2 + =
5 5

6 2
c. 1 + = d. 2 + =
10 7

4. Add to make the next whole number.

7 3 8 6
a. + = b. + = c. + = d. + =
9 11 12 7

2 3 5 2
e. 2 + = f. 1 + = g. 5 + = h. 3 + =
12 10 6 5

6 4 3 1 2 1 3 5
i. 6 + + = j. 7 + + = k. 10 + + = l. 4 + + =
12 12 9 9 6 6 11 11

5. Change the fractions to mixed numbers and vice versa.

5 13 7 21 13 9 34 43
Fraction
4 4 5 5 8 6 10 11

Mixed 1 1 2 7 5 5 5
1 4 2 4 5 2 8
Number 3 3 9 11 12 8 10

12
 Equivalent Fractions
1. Write the fractions under the pictures. Remember the = sign too.

= = = =

1 2
a. = b. c. d.
3 6

2. Look at the pictures, and connect those fractions that show the same amount with a line.
Write the name of each fraction beside it.

1
2

3. Split all the pieces (both the colored and uncolored ones). Write the equivalent fractions.

a. Split all pieces b. Split all pieces c. Split all pieces

two ways. three ways. two ways.

= = =

2 1 2
= = =
5 2 3

d. Split all pieces e. Split all pieces f. Split all pieces

two ways. three ways. two ways.

= = =

= = =

13
Name: Date:

Equivalent Fractions
1. Halves and fourths. Write the numbers that have halves with fourths instead, and vice versa.

2 1 2 1 3 6
= 1 = 2 = 5 = = =
4 2 4 2 2 4

2. Thirds and sixths. Write the numbers that have thirds with sixths instead, and vice versa.

1 2 1 4 2 4
= = 2 = 5 = 4 = =
3 3 3 6 6 3

3. Fifths and tenths. Write the numbers that have fifths with tenths instead, and vice versa.

2 2 4 6 3 8
= = = 1 = 3 = =
10 5 5 10 5 10

4. Halves, fourths, and eights. Convert. Shade the pictures.

= = = =

1 1 6 1
a. = b. = c. = d. =
4 2 8 2

5. Thirds, sixths, and twelfths. Convert. Shade the pictures.

= = = =

2 10 1 8
a. = b. = c. = d. =
3 12 3 12

6. So where do you need to know equivalent fractions? When you add fractions that have
different sized parts. Try these problems - use your work in exercises 1-5 as help.

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
a. + = b. + = c. + = d. + =
2 4 3 6 4 8 5 10

1 2 1 2 1 3 1 3
+ = + = + = + =
2 4 3 6 4 8 5 10

1 3 1 3 1 5 1 7
+ = + = + = + =
2 4 3 6 4 8 5 10

14
Name: Date:

Equivalent Fractions 1
1. Shade parts to show the fractions. Split the pieces further in the second picture.

= = = =

1 1 2 1
a. = b. = e. = d. =
4 8 2 8 3 6 2 12

= = = =

3 1 1 3
= = = =
5 2 3 4

e. Split each f. Split each piece into g. Split each h. Split each
piece into five new pieces. piece into piece into
two new pieces. three new pieces. three new pieces.

2. Write the equivalent fraction. Split each piece...

a. ...into three b. ...into two c. ...into six d. ...into four e. ...into five
new pieces. new pieces. new pieces. new pieces. new pieces.
3 5 1 2 1
= = = = =
4 6 2 3 2

f. ... into six g. ... into five h. ... into ten i. ... into three j. ... into three
new pieces. new pieces. new pieces. new pieces. new pieces.
2 1 1 3 1
= = = = =
3 3 2 3 6

3. Think: How many new pieces is each piece split into?

1 2 2 4 3 3
a. = b. = c. = d. = e. =
2 6 3 6 5 4 8 4 16

1 5 2 6 4 1 5 1 8
f. = g. = h. = i. = j. =
3 6 5 20 4 2

4. Write chains of equivalent fractions.

1
= = = = = = =
2 4 6

1
= = = = = = =
1 2 3

15
Name: Date:

Equivalent Fractions 2
1. Write equivalent fractions in each box.

a. b. c. d. e. f.
3 4 3 7 9 3
2
5 3 10 20 6 4

2
15 9 40 40 12 24

25 18 50 60 24 48

40 21 80 80 36 96

70 30 100 100 54 100

2. Write the letters in the boxes that correspond to the equivalent fractions.
What message will you receive?

10 36 4 75 20 30 21 40 15 7 12 21
45 81 8 100 75 100 49 72 18 14 27 30

70 20 50 14 5 4 8 14 28 10 10 8
100 40 60 80 10 18 30 20 63 20 25 20

Key:
A C E F I L N O R S T Y
1 3 7 2 3 2 5 3 4 5 4 7
2 4 10 9 10 5 9 7 9 6 15 40

16
Name: Date:

Equivalent Fractions / LCM

1. Draw two other number lines under this one, one with thirds, the other with 24th parts.
Illustrate with your number lines that:
2 5
a. = b. =
3 12 12 24

2. Write the equivalent fractions.

1 2 9 5 8 5
a. = b. = c. = d. = e. = f. =
8 48 7 42 11 110 14 56 13 39 12 60

3. Jerry and Mark worked it so the fractions have the same denominator. Fill in.

3 5 3 5
and b. Mark used the and
a. Jerry just multiplied 10 14 10 14
LCM of 10 and 14
10 and 14 to find a
(which is _____)
common
42 50 as a common 21 25
denominator _____. and and
denominator.

Who is right, or both? _____________________________________.

The main advantage of using the LCM is that it makes further calculations easier.

4. Convert the fractions so they have a same denominator. Then write < or > between them.

2 3 2 4 2 3 5 7
a. and b. and c. and d. and
8 14 9 15 10 15 12 16

5. Jenny used the LCM as the common denominator, and Nancy did not. Explain if the answers
are the same, or not, and why.

5 7 5 7
Nancy: + Jenny: +
12 10 12 10

= + = = + =
120 120 120 60 60 60

17
Name: Date:

Compare Fractions
1. Draw the fraction and compare. Write > or < or = .

a. b. c.

2 1 1 4 3 1
3 3 5 5 6 6

d. e. f.

6 7 3 1 4 2
8 8 8 8 4 4

g. h. i.

1 5 5 3 6 7
9 9 12 12 10 10

What do you notice about comparing two fractions when the denominators are the same?

_____________________________________________________________________________

2. Draw the fractions and compare them. Write > or < or = .

a. b. c.

1 1 1 1 1 1
2 3 5 8 6 2

d. e. f.

3 3 2 2 4 4
6 8 4 3 8 5

What can you notice about comparing two fractions when the numerators are the same?

_____________________________________________________________________________

18
Name: Date:

Comparing Fractions
1. Same kind of parts. Draw the fractions and compare.

3 1 3 7 2 5 7 6
a. b. c. d.
4 4 8 8 6 6 12 12

2. Same amount of parts. Draw the fractions and compare.

1 1 2 2 3 3 5 5
a. b. c. d.
2 3 6 8 5 3 10 12

3. Compare to one half. Write <, >, or = .

1 2 1 3 3 1 3 1
a. b. c. d.
2 3 2 7 6 2 4 2

1 7 1 2 5 1 4 1
e. f. g. h.
2 12 2 5 10 2 10 2

4. Same kinds of parts - or same amount of parts - or comparing to 1/2? Write < , > , or = .

1 3 1 5 4 1 3 3 2 2
a. b. c. d. e.
7 7 2 6 5 2 6 4 8 4

5 3 5 5 4 1 1 3 1 2
f. g. h. i. j.
12 12 12 6 5 5 2 4 2 7

5. Compare to one.
5 3 4 6 6 2 5 10 7 3
a. b. c. d. e.
7 3 4 9 5 2 3 10 8 3

19
Name: Date:

Comparing Fractions
1. Write <, >, or = between the fractions. Note if they have the same denominator,
or same numerator, or if it is comparing to 1/2.

1 1 2 5 4 4 3 3 1 1
a. b. c. d. e.
7 2 2 6 5 9 5 12 8 4

1 4 3 1 3 3 1 3 2 2
f. g. h. i. j.
2 12 8 2 5 4 2 4 9 7

2. Draw and compare when fractions have a different denominator.

a. b. c. d.

3 1 1 3 5 2 8 2
4 2 4 8 6 3 12 3

3. Convert to equivalent fractions so the fractions have a common denominator. Then compare.

5 3 9 3 5 3 5 2 2 5
a. ? b. ? c. ? d. ? e. ?
8 4 12 4 6 4 9 3 3 6
5 6
8 8

7 3 2 8 1 3 1 2 1 3
f. ? g. ? h. ? i. ? j. ?
12 4 3 12 5 10 3 9 3 12

4. Find the equivalent fraction when denominator is 100.

1 3 6 1
a. = b. = c. = d. =
2 100 10 100 10 100 4 100

1 2 3 2
e. = f. = g. = h. =
5 100 10 100 4 100 5 100

5. Compare with hundredth parts.

1 40 6 42 7 75 1 23 1 9
a. b. c. d. e.
2 100 10 100 10 100 4 100 10 100

20
Name: Date:

Add and Subtract Fractions

1. Write the addition sentence and the answer.

a. + b. + c. +

d. + e. + f. +

2. Shade parts and write an addition sentence for each problem.

1 5 3 6
a. Shade . Shade another . b. Shade . Shade another .
8 8 12 12

6 6 1 9
c. Shade . Shade another . d. Shade . Shade another .
14 14 12 12

3. Add the fractions. You can shade parts in the picture, if you need help.

3 1 4 2 5 3
a. + = b. + = c. + =
5 5 7 7 10 10

2 5 4 3 7 5
d. + = e. + = f. + =
14 14 9 9 12 12

21
Name: Date:

Adding Fractions and Mixed Numbers 1

1. Add the fractions. You can shade parts in the picture, if you need help.

2 1 1 2 3 4 7
a. + = b. + + = c. + =
5 5 7 7 7 12 12

2. This is a fraction strip. Write the whole numbers from 0 to 5 under the bolded black lines.

What addition sentence do the shaded parts

illustrate on the fraction strip?

3. Add and give your answer as a mixed number. Shade parts with different colors.

3 4 2 4
a. + = b. 1 + =
5 5 5 5

7 6 3 6
c. + = d. 1 + =
10 10 7 7

4 3 2 3 8 6 7 7
e. + = f. + = g. + = h. + =
6 6 4 4 10 10 12 12

4. Add. You can use the fraction strips to help, or draw more of your own.

3 4
a. 2 + =
5 5

5 3
b. 1 + =
6 6

3 4
c. 1 +1 =
7 7

5 6
d. 1 +1 =
10 10

4 2 4 7
e. +1 = f. 1 + =
5 5 5 5

4 8 7 7 6 13
g. 1 + = h. 1 + = i. 1 + =
7 7 10 10 10 10

22
Name: Date:

Adding Fractions and Mixed Numbers 2

1. Add. Give your answer as a mixed number. Shade parts in the fraction strips to help.
3 4 4
a. + + =
5 5 5
5 3 4
b. + + =
6 6 6
6 5 4
c. + + =
7 7 7
8 9 6
d. + + =
10 10 10

2. Fill in the addition table.

4 5 8 3 8 3 1 1 2
x 1 1
5 9 12 7 10 12 2 2 5

2 6 5 1 4 2
y 1
5 9 12 5 5 3

1
x+y 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3
6

3. Subtract. To help you, shade parts in the picture and then cross some out.
9 7 8 1
a. 1 − = b. 2 −1 =
10 10 12 12

4. Fill in the subtraction table.

6 1 5 2 3 1 3
x 1 1 2 3 7 1 1 4 5 6 2 6
7 6 7 3 12 2 4

3 4 7 5 1 1 2 1 2
y 1 2
5 9 12 10 6 6 7 3 12

1 1
x−y 1 2
2 4

5. Subtract.

7 6 1 5 2
a. 1 − − = b. 1 − − =0 c. 2 − − =1
9 9 9 6 10

1 1 2
d. 5 − = 4 e. 5 − = 4 f. 8 − = 7
10 4 3

23
Name: Date:

Adding Unlike Fractions 1

1. Study the pictures. Write the missing addition sentences.

1 1 1 1
a. + + b. + +
3 2

2 3
+ = + = + = + =
6 6

1
c. + + d. + +
2

+ = + = + = + =

To add unlike fractions, first convert them to

__________________________________, and then adding is easy.

2. Convert to like fractions. Shade parts. Write the addition sentences.

1 1
a. + + b. + +
2 4

1
+ = + = + = + =
4 4

c. + + d. + +

+ = + = + = + =

3. What kind of parts do you convert to when you add unlike fractions?
Study the problems above.

fractions to add convert to fractions to add convert to

a. 3rd parts 2nd parts 6th parts e. 2nd parts 4th parts ___ parts
b. 3rd parts 4th parts ___ parts f. 4th parts 6th parts ___ parts
c. 10th parts 5th parts ___ parts g. 5th parts 2nd parts ___ parts
d. 8th parts 4th parts ___ parts h. 2nd parts 8th parts ___ parts

24
Name: Date:

Adding Unlike Fractions 2

1. Add. Check if one denominator is a factor of the other.
3 1 1 2 1 2
a. + b. + c. +
8 4 4 3 3 9

3 2
+ = + = + =
8 8

3 1 1 7 1 5
d. + e. + f. +
10 100 3 12 4 12

+ = + = + =

2. Find a Fractions c.d. Fractions c.d. Fractions c.d.

common
3 1 1 1 1 3
denominator a. and d. and g. and
5 4 3 2 4 8
(c.d) that will
work for 1 5 4 3 3 1
b. and e. and h. and
adding these 3 9 10 100 4 11
fractions. 7 1 5 1 1 3
c. and f. and i. and
12 6 12 2 6 4

3. Add the fractions in the above exercise. Give your answer in lowest terms.
a. d. g.

b. e. h.

c. f. i.

25
Name: Date:

Adding Unlike Fractions

1. Study the pictures. Write the missing addition sentences.

a. + + b. + +

+ = + = + = + =

Convert unlike fractions to __________________________________ before adding.

2. Add and subtract. First find a common denominator.

2 2 3 2 1 3 4 3 11 1
a. + b. + c. + d. − e. −
3 9 4 3 12 4 5 10 12 2

+ = + = + = − = − =
9 9

3. Find a common denominator (c.d) that will work for adding these fractions.

Fractions c.d Fractions c.d Fractions c.d

5 1 1 4 5 7
a. and c. and e. and
16 6 12 9 6 8
1 2 7 13 45 9
b. and d. and f. and
12 5 15 20 100 20

The BEST possible (though not the only) choice for the common denominator
is the _____________________________ of the denominators.

4. Add the fractions in the above exercise. Give your answer in lowest terms.
a. c. e.

b. d. f.

26
Name: Date:

Add & Subtract Unlike Fractions

1. Add. Give your answer in the lowest terms.
3 1 3 3 3 1
a. + b. + c. +
7 4 12 4 11 2

+ = + = + =

2. Subtract. Give your answer in lowest terms.

1 1 6 1 2 1
a. − b. − c. −
3 5 7 4 3 9

45 1 9 3 5 2
d. − e. − f. −
100 10 10 5 6 3

7 1 7 23 60 1
g. − h. − i. −
8 12 10 100 100 5

3. Add. Give your answer in lowest terms.

6 1 3 1 1 3
a. + b. + c. +
7 2 10 3 5 4

14 3 2 1 7 1
d. + e. + f. +
15 5 5 2 10 5

27
Name: Date:

Adding Mixed Numbers

1. Shade parts, and add. Give you answer as a mixed number.

7 5 1 4 5
a. + = b. 1 + + =
8 8 6 6 6

2. Rename the fractional part. Write as mixed numbers.

4 3 13 9 10
a. 1 = b. 5 = c. 6 = d. 4 = e. 8 =
3 2 10 6 7

3. Add. Give your answer as a mixed number.

7 8 7 9 16 9
a. + = b. + = c. + =
9 9 11 11 12 12

6 5 3 5 3 8
d. 1 + = e. 2 +1 = f. 1 + =
7 7 12 12 10 10

5 1 2 4 3 4
g. 5 +2 = h. 6 +4 = i. 6 +2 =
6 6 5 5 5 5

4. Fill in the tables. Change to mixed numbers:

3 4 5 9
x x+ x x+ x x+ x x+
5 7 8 10

1 5 12 16
5 7 8 10

4 3 5 37
5
5 7 8 10

4 13 7 5
2 2 2
5 7 8 10

2 2 5 1
7 2 4 7
5 7 8 10

5. Add. Rename the result.

3 5 7 6 7
a. 3 b. 3 c. 7 d. 2 e. 10
4 9 11 10 8
3 7 4 9 5
+ 1 + 5 + 5 + 5 + 12
4 9 11 10 8
6 2
4 =5
4 4

28
Name: Date:

Adding Mixed Numbers

1. Add. First write equivalent fractions with a common denominator.
1 1 1 1 3 3 1 3
a. 1 + 5 b. 2 +3 c. 3 +6 d. 5 +2
2 4 3 4 5 10 6 8
↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓

+ = + = + = + =

2. Add. Rename the result if needed, and give it in lowest terms.

7 5 5
a. 3 b. 6 c. 4
12 8 11
8 5 9
+ 1 + 3 + 2
12 8 11

4 =5 =
12 12 4

3. Add. First write equivalent fractions with the same denominator.

Rename the result if needed, and give it in lowest terms.

3 3 7 4
a. 3 → 3 b. 6 → c. 4 →
4 4 10 9
1 2 1 2
+ 1 → + 1 + 1 → + + 4 → +
2 4 2 3

4 =5
4 4

3 3 3
d. 7 → e. 4 → f. 12 →
8 5 4
1 1 1
+ 8 → + + 7 → + + 14 → +
6 2 8

4. Solve the problems.

a. If you put two boards 7/16 inches thick on top of each other, how thick is the double board?

b. A book cover has to go 5/8 inches over the edges of the book, on all sides. What are the
dimensions of the cover for a book that measures 8 x 11 inches and is 7/8 inches thick?

It helps to draw a picture of the opened book.

29
Name: Date:

Subtract Fractions
1. Subtract the fractions. Cross out parts in the picture.

9 1 9 2 9 3
a. − = b. − = c. − =
10 10 12 12 9 9

8 5 3 5
d. − = e. − = f. − =
12 12 9 9

2. Subtract the fractions. You can shade parts in the picture and then cross some out for help.

3 1 7 2 5 3
a. − = b. − = c. − =
6 6 8 8 10 10

11 5 8 6 9 5
d. − = e. − = f. − =
14 14 9 9 12 12

3. Add. Write a subtraction problem for each addition.

a. b. c. d.
1 2 6 4 2 3 4 2
+ = + = + = + =
3 3 11 11 10 10 8 8

2 4
− = − = − = − =
3 11

e. f. g. h.
4 1 2 6 2 3 1 7
+ = + = + = + =
5 5 10 10 7 7 8 8

30
 Subtract Mixed Numbers in Parts
1. Subtract in parts.
5 1 4 7 2 5
Subtract into two parts: first , then . Subtract 1 into parts: first 1, then , then .
8 8 8 9 9 9

1 5 1 1 4 2 7 2 2 5
a. 2 − = 2 − − = b. 3 − = 3 −1 − − =
8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 9

2 5 1 3
c. 2 − = d. 3 −1 =
6 6 5 5

2. Subtract. Also write the subtraction sentence.

2 4
a. Cross out . b. Cross out .
3 5

3 2
c. Cross out . d. Cross out 1
4 3

3. Subtract. You can draw a picture to help.

1 2 2 4
a. 4 −2 = b. 3 −1 =
3 3 5 5

1 3 2 5
c. 4 −2 = d. 3 − =
4 4 6 6

31
 Subtract Mixed Numbers - Rename
1. Rename one whole as a fraction, and combine that with the fractional part.
Fill in the missing parts.

5 5
To subtract - rename 1 whole To subtract - rename 1 whole
8 6
We have 2 wholes, but one of them We have 3 wholes, but one of them
is made into a fraction. is made into a fraction.
9 9
1 8 2 6
1 3
2 8 3 6
5 5
− 8
− 6
1 5 9 5 3 5 9 5
a. 2 − =1 − = b. 3 − =2 − =
8 8 8 8 6 6 6 6

4 3
3 9 3 12
8 7
− 1 9 − 2 12
4 8 8 3 7 7
c. 3 −1 = −1 = d. 3 −2 = −2 =
9 9 9 12 12 12

2. Rename and subtract.

8
2 7
1 4 9 3
a. 3 7 b. 7 9 c. 12 12 d. 8 14
3 7 11 9
− 1 − 2 − 6 − 5
7 9 12 14

3
7 5 4 h. 10
e. 14 9 f. 11 21 g. 26 19 20
7
5 15 15 − 5
− 3 9 − 7 21 − 14 19 20

32
 Subtract Mixed Numbers
1. Draw fraction parts into one of the wholes before you subtract. Write the subtraction
sentence.

3 6
a. Cross out 1 . b. Cross out
5 9

5 7
c. Cross out . d. Cross out 1
6 9

2. Subtract. You can draw a picture to help.

2 5 1 5
a. 3 −1 = b. 4 −2 =
8 8 12 12

1 2 5 11
c. 4 −2 = d. 3 −1 =
4 4 12 12

3. Subtract.
2 7 1 9
a. 5 −2 f. 5 −3
9 9 11 11

8 11 1 7
b. 7 −4 g. 10 −4
15 15 12 12

6 2 3 3
c. 5 − 3 h. 4 −2
11 11 10 10

1 3 1 9
d. 4 − 2 i. 5 −3
4 4 10 10

2 5 1 5
e. 17 −4 j. 8 − 2
7 7 8 8

33
Name: Date:

Subtracting Mixed Numbers

1. Subtract. First write equivalent fractions with the same denominator. You need to also
rename one whole into a fraction. Give your answer in the lowest terms.

3 3 1 5
a. 3 → 3 b. 6 → c. 4 →
8 8 6 8
1 4 1 1
− 1 → − 1 − 1 → − − 2 → −
2 8 2 4

1 1 5
d. 8 → e. 4 → f. 11 →
4 5 12
5 1 7
− 4 →− − 1 → − − 4 → −
6 2 8

1 1 5
g. 6 → h. 14 → i. 9 →
10 3 12
3 7 2
− 2 → − − 11 → − − 3 → −
5 9 3

2. Solve the problems.

a. A board is 15 1/4 in wide, and 12 3/8 inch long. How much
should you cut off from it to make it square? Draw a picture.

b. A stool is 22 inches high. Little Margie is 39 1/2 inches tall. If she stands on her
tiptoes, that makes her 3 3/4 in taller. Reaching up with her hands, she can
reach objects 8 inches above her head. So can she get to the cookie jar that is
put on a shelf that is at the height of 6 feet?

3. John glued a postcard in the middle of a cardboard piece. The cardboard is 16 1/4
inches wide and 16 1/4 inches long, and the postcard is 6 1/2 inches wide and
4 1/2 inches long.

a. Draw a picture of the situation, and mark all of the lengths and widths on it.

b. If John cuts off 3 inch-wide strips from each side, how wide are the margins left
around the postcard on the top, bottom, right, and left?

34
Name: Date:

Subtracting Mixed Numbers

1. Cross out parts to subtract.

2 5 3 4 5
a. 1 – = b. 2 – – =
8 8 6 6 6

2. Rename the mixed number so that the whole number part decreases by 1.
Look at the example.
1 4 1 7 5
a. 2 =1 b. 6 = c. 4 = d. 4 =
3 3 2 10 8

3. Fill in the tables.

3 7 5 7
x x– x x– x x– x x–
5 8 12 10

8 15 7 15
2
5 8 12 10

4 7 1 3
1 2 1 1
5 8 12 10

1 1 1 1
2 1 2 1
5 8 4 10

2 3 5 1
1 2 4 2
5 8 12 2

4. Subtract. Give your answer in lowest terms. You might need to borrow!

1 2 7 2 1
a. 3 b. 5 c. 8 d. 12 e. 10
4 9 11 10 12
3 7 4 9 5
– 1 – 2 – 2 – 5 – 5
4 9 11 10 12

1 2 6 2 2
f. 14 g. 24 h. 13 i. 59 j. 60
11 8 12 5 9
3 5 10 4 7
– 11 – 18 – 8 – 42 – 45
11 8 12 5 9

35
Name: Date:

Subtract Mixed Numbers

1. Subtract. First write equivalent fractions with a common denominator.
2 1 3 1 7 39
3 3 b. 2 –1 c. 9 –6 d. 5 –2
a. 3 –1 3 8 5 3 10 100
10 20

2. Subtract. Borrow if needed. Give your answer in lowest terms.

4 3 3 1
a. 3 b. 6 c. 8 d. 10
12 11 10 6
8 8 9 5
– 1 – 3 – 2 – 5
12 11 10 6

=1
12 3

3. Subtract. First write equivalent fractions with the same denominator.

Rename the result if needed, and give it in lowest terms.

3 3 7
a. 3 3 b. 3 c. 8
4 8 11
1 5 1
– 1 – 1 – 1 – – 5 –
6 12 2

4. These are the trickiest. Give your answer in lowest terms.

1 2 1
a. 3 b. 7 c. 14
9 9 3
5 2 3
– 2 – 5 – 5
12 3 7

27 1 1
d. 12 e. 21 f. 11
100 12 10
7 9 3
– 8 – 7 – 4
10 20 4

36
Name: Date:

Add/Subtract Three Mixed Numbers

1. When adding three fractions, you still need a common denominator.
z All of the denominators need to “go into” the common one, or
all of the denominators need to be ____________________ of the common one.

Find a common denominator (c.d) that will work for adding these fractions.

Fractions c.d. Fractions c.d. Fractions c.d.

1 2 1 5 3 1 7 3 1
a. , and c. , and e. , and
2 5 3 8 4 2 10 4 2
3 1 1 1 2 3 1 1 7
b. , and d. , and f. , and
4 12 6 3 5 4 5 6 10

2. Add the fractions in the above exercise. Give your answer in lowest terms.
a. b.

c. d.

e. f.

3. Add and subtract. First write equivalent fractions with a common denominator. Find
your answers in the grid below - in lowest terms. COLOR the right answers with
bright colors, and the wrong answers with a dark color.
1 7 5 3 1
1 2 2 7 1 1 5 2 2 5 1
a. 3 –1 +1 f. 7 –1 –2 48 24 48 50 60
3 15 5 8 2 4
7 2 2 7 1 1 11 1 5 17 1
b. + +1 g. 3 –1 –1 3 6 4 3 2
10 25 5 20 12 4 48 8 24 24 50

67 2 11 1 3 1 53 19 9 1 7
c. 6 –1 +1 h. 5 +1 –2 3 2 2 4 3
100 5 20 6 8 3 66 48 50 8 8
1 2 7 7 1 1 1 2 3 13 4
d. 3 – – i. 19 – 10 –4 3 3 3 5 5
2 3 16 11 3 2 5 15 5 66 5
13 1 3
e. +2 +2 53 29 11 39 41
16 12 24 4 1 4 7 6
66 60 50 50 50

37
 Add and Subtract Fractions
1. Add. First find a common denominator. Give your answer as a mixed number.
17 2 19 7 15 3 1 21
a. + b. + c. + d. +
18 9 30 12 22 8 2 26

+ = + = + = + =

2. Add and subtract these fractions. Give your answer as a mixed number, if you can.
4 11 11 2 3 1 4 1
a. + b. − c. − d. −
5 24 27 9 8 12 7 5

3. Add and subtract. 4. Figure out the sequences.

7 1
a. 2 +1 3 5 3
15 3 =
12 12 12 12 4
1 1 2
b. 6 +5 1
15 2 4

1 10
2 1 2 2
c. 2 − 12 12
8 6
7 =
=2 3 3 3
7 1 24 12 24 24 3 12
d. 3 −2
12 3

9 1
e. 6 −3 1
14 4 5
12

7 1 4
f. 4 −1 4 = 7
9 12 6 12 6

5. What about three fractions? Write the addition sentences.

a. + + b. + +

38
Name: Date:

Part of a Group
1. Part of the things are one kind, part are another kind. Write each part as a fraction.

a. b. c.

d. e. f.

2. Find part of a group. You can draw to help.

1 1 1
a. 3 of 18 is ______ b. 5 of 10 is ______ c. 5 of 25 is ______

1 1 1
d. 3 of 15 is ______ e. 2 of 14 is ______ f. 3 of 21 is ______

3. Fill in.
1 1 1 1
a. 6 of 30 is _____ b. 3 of 30 is _____ c. 5 of 30 is _____ d. 6 of 12 is _____
2 2 2 2
6
of 30 is _____ 3
of 30 is _____ 5
of 30 is _____ 6
of 12 is _____

1 1 1 1
e. 4 of 36 is _____ f. 3 of 27 is _____ g. 9 of 36 is _____ h. 9 of 18 is _____
2 2 2 2
4
of 36 is _____ 3
of 27 is _____ 9
of 36 is _____ 9
of 18 is _____

39
Name: Date:

Part of a Whole 1
1. Write the colored part and the white part as fractions.

a. b. c. d.

2. Draw balls and make groups to illustrate parts of a whole.

a. Draw 15, divide 1 1

into 5 groups. b. of 12 is c. of 14 is
3 7
1 2 3
of 15 is of 12 is of 14 is
5 3 7
2 3 5
of 15 is of 12 is of 14 is
5 3 7

3. Fill in using fractions.

a. There are 5 girls and 6 boys. b. There are 4 apples, 5 bananas, and 3 mangos.
of all students are boys. of all fruits are apples. of all fruits are mangos.

of all students are girls. of all fruits are bananas.

c. 1/3 of the 33 club members d. 1/6 of the team are adults—which is 3. How many
are boys. How many are girls? people on the team are not adults?

4. Find the part of the whole.

1 1 1 1 1
a. of 15 is b. of 21 is c. of 24 is d. of 21 is e. of 36 is
5 3 6 7 6

2 2 4 3 5
of 15 is of 21 is of 24 is of 21 is of 36 is
5 3 6 7 6

4 2 7 3 7
f. of 54 is g. of 36 is h. of 64 is i. of 70 is j. of 48 is
9 3 8 10 12

40
Name: Date:

Part of a Whole 2
1. Find the part of the whole.

1 2 5 3 1
a. of 55 b. of 30 c. of 42 d. of 400 e. of 600
5 3 6 4 10

2 2 3 3 3
of 50 of 60 of 49 of 800 of 700
5 3 7 4 10

2. Solve the problems.

a. b.
c. The school choir has 42 singers, and e. The flower shop has 100 roses.
1/6 of them are sopranos. Fill in the table.
How many are not?
Color Part Amount
Red 1/2
d. Jane sleeps 5/12 of the day. Pink 1/4
How many hours is that? Yellow 1/10
What part of the day is she awake? White 3/20

f. Four people of a 24-member team are g. Of 18 fruits, three are oranges, half are
over 50. What PART of the members mangos, and the rest are watermelons.
is not over 50? Find the number of watermelons.

h. Half of a tube is full of sand, and i. Half of a tube is full of sand, and 1/4 of it
1/4 of it is full of rocks. The tube is full of rocks. The empty part is 5 in.
is 240 cm long. Find how long Find how long the tube is.
the empty part is.

j. Mr. Smith pays 1/6 of his $996 salary k. Mr. Carlson pays 1/6 of his salary as taxes.
as taxes. Of what remains, he gives He then gives half to his wife, or $411.
half to his wife. How much does she get? What is Mr. Carlson's salary?

41
Name: Date:

Part of a Whole
1. Fill in.
a. There are a dozen eggs in Amount 6 eggs 4 eggs 8 eggs 3 eggs 2 eggs 10 eggs
a carton. What part of the
carton of eggs are these? Part

b. Half of the cookies is 20. Part 1 1/2 1/4 3/4 1/5 3/5 3/8
Fill in the rest of the chart.
Amount 20

2. Find a part of the given amount.

1 1 3 3
a. of 21 b. of 180 c. of 24 d. of 30
7 2 4 5

1 4 5
e. of 240 f. of 60 g. of 16
8 5 8

5 3 9
h. of 3,500 i. of 600 j. of 500
7 10 10

3. Solve the problems.

a. Angela weighs 25 lb, which is 1/5 of her b. Dad weighs 164 pounds, and Jake
mother's weight. only weighs 1/4 of that.
What does her mother weigh? How much does Jake weigh?

What is the difference between

their weights?

c. A store discounted a $45-jacket by1/5. d. Jerry has saved 2/5 of the cost of a
How much does it cost now? $625-notebook. How much does he
still need to save?

e. What part of a 36 sq. ft. floor does f. Shirley has a skirt that is 2 ft. 8 in. long.
a 4 ft x 3 ft carpet cover? She decided to cut off 1/4 of the
length. How long will her skirt be after
she cuts it off?

g. Mom needs to give her child 3/4 of h. Jamie started watching a 2-hour video
the adult dose (which is 600 mg) of at 4:15 pm but he only watched 2/5
medicine. How much is that? of it. At what time did he stop?

42
Name: Date:

Problems with Parts

1. Find part.

a. 1/2 of 56 b. 1/3 of 456 c. 1/6 of 10.8

3/2 of 56 2/3 of 456 5/6 of 10.8

2. Fill.

a. 3/4 of a number is 15. b. 2/9 of a number is 24.

1/4 of a number is ______. 1/9 of a number is ______.
The number is ______. The number is ______.

3. Use similar reasoning as above. Find the numbers. Check your answers.
a. 4/5 of a number is 24. b. 2/3 of a number is 40.

c. 5/7 of a number is 45. d. 2/5 of a number is 160.

4. These problems involve similar thinking. You may draw a picture to help.
a. A cake was divided into two pieces; one piece was 1/3 of the whole cake
and the other piece was the rest of the cake. The bigger piece contained
24 candies. How many candies can you expect the whole cake to have
contained?

b. 5/6 of the whole class left the room, and 16 people remained.
How many were in the whole class?

c. 2/7 of a class stayed home so only 25 students showed up in school.

How big is the whole class?

d. After using 40 gallons of paint, about 2/3 of the building was painted.
How much more paint is needed?

e. Which is a better deal; a $45.55 book with 1/5 off, or a $52.80 book with 1/4 off?

f. Dad used 21 gallons of gas to plow 3/5 of the farmland. How much would he
need for the rest?

g. Of the horse club's members, 7/9 are girls, and the rest - 8 - are boys.
How many members does the club have?

43
Name: Date:

Problems with Parts

1. Find part of part.
a. The family puts away 1/3 of 60 pounds of flour into a cellar. Then, they give 3/8
of the remaining flour to the neighbor. How much does the neighbor get?

b. Richard paid 3/10 of his $1140 paycheck as taxes. Of what remained, he paid
1/6 as a loan payment. How much did he have left after those?

2. Find x.

a. b.

3. Solve the problems with the help of diagrams.

a. A piece of material was first cut into two equal
pieces. Then 3/4 of the half-piece was cut off,
leaving a 17-centimeter piece. How long was
the material originally?

b. Jeremy gave 1/3 of his apple harvest to Dave,

who gave half of his part to a neighbor -
15.5 kg. How many kilograms was Jeremy's
apple harvest in all?

4. Solve these problems using similar reasoning as above. Drawing diagrams can help.
a. Half of the seminar attendees were assigned into Workshop 1, and the other half to
Workshop 2. Of those doing Workshop 2, a third went to do research in the library,
while the rest - 12 people - stayed in the classroom.
How many people attended the seminar?

b. Two thirds of the people voted for candidate J. Of those who didn't, half voted for
candidate K. The rest of the votes were 167 in number. How many people voted?

44
Name: Date:

Simplifying Fractions 1
1. Draw a picture and simplify the fractions.

Merge each two parts. Merge each two parts. Merge each four parts.

2 2 4
a. = b. = c. =
4 8 8

Merge each two parts. Merge each two parts. Merge each two parts.

4 2 4 6 3
d. = e. = f. =
10 6 3 8

Merge each two parts. Merge each five parts. Merge each three parts.

8 4 5 3 1
g. = h. = 2 i. =
10 10 6

Merge each two parts. Merge each four parts. Merge each three parts.

2
j. = k. = l. =
6

Merge each four parts.

Merge each six parts. Merge each seven parts.

m. = n. = o. =

45
Name: Date:

Simplifying Fractions 2

= =

8 2
=
12 3
1. a. Each four little parts can be “combined” b. What fractions does this picture
or “merged” into larger units. show to be equivalent?

2. Simplify, or write the fractions in lowest terms.

5 4 6 4 6
a. = b. = c. = d. = e. =
10 10 10 8 8

6 3 3 4 9
f. = g. = h. = i. = j. =
9 9 12 12 12

10 8 9 2 4
k. = l. = m. = n. = o. =
12 12 15 10 6

3. Some of these can't be simplified but simplify them if you can.

3 10 15 3 50
a. = b. = c. = d. = e. =
10 20 20 8 100

30 7 15 4 25
f. = g. = h. = i. = j. =
60 20 16 16 100

1 2 30 3
4. a. Draw a picture showing that = b. Shade parts to show that =
3 6 100 10

5. Add and simplify the sum if you can.

3 5 1 1 3 4 1 3
a. + = b. + = c. + = d. + =
10 10 4 4 12 12 6 6

2 5 2 1 3 3 1 3
e. + = f. + = g. + = h. + =
10 10 4 4 12 12 8 8

46
Name: Date:

Simplifying
1. Simplify in many steps—or in one step! Since you need to divide both the numerator and
the denominator by the same number, they both need to be divisible by that number. Fill in.

a. ÷5 b. ÷6 ÷2
25 and 40 are divisible by 5. Taking two steps is OK.
25 36 6
5 is a common _________ = This could be done = =
40 48 8
of 25 and 40. in one step if
you divided by ______.
÷5 ÷6 ÷2

d.
÷5
Since 75 and 105
c. ÷ 10 ÷4
end
in 5, they are
You could get this 40 __________ by 5. 75
done in one step if 120 = = 105 = =
you divided by _____. You could get this
÷ 10 ÷4
done in one step if
you divided by
÷5
_____.

2. Some of the following fractions are such that you CANNOT simplify them.
Cross them out. Simplify the ones you can.
2 2 6 6 7 11
a. b. c. d. e. f.
3 6 12 13 12 12

9 14 14 14 8 8
h. i. j. k. l. m.
20 27 28 29 22 15

Why couldn't you simplify some of them? Explain.

3. Simplify the following fractions to the lowest terms.

8 15 6 25
a. = b. = c. = d. =
14 20 14 30

9 9 24 42
e. = f. = g. = h. =
27 36 32 50

56 24 25 44
i. = j. = k. = l. =
64 64 70 110

16 60 14 40
m. = n. = o. = p. =
24 200 49 80

47
Name: Date:

Simplifying and GCF

1. Simplify to the lowest terms.
5 × 7 × 11 5×6 2×3×8
a. = b. = c. =
2×5×7 2 × 10 6×2

30 × 12 7 × 22 8 × 10
d. = e. = f. =
2×3×4 11 × 3 16 × 20

2. Students did a problem that said, “Simplify to the lowest terms.”

96 12 96 8 96
= = = =
120 120 120
b. Mark divided them by 12.
a. Jerry divided the numerator c. Nancy divided them by 24.
and the denominator by 8,
and then by 3.

Who got it right? _____________________ Who didn't?______________________

Why?

You can simplify a fraction by any common ________________ of the numerator

and the denominator, but the _______________________________of the
numerator and the denominator gets the job done the quickest.

3. Jack and Jill played a game where they chose two numbers, Jack chose one to be a
numerator and Jill chose the other to be the denominator. Then, whoever simplified
the fraction quicker, got a point. Here are the numbers Jack and Jill are shouting.
Simplify the fractions that would be formed.

Jack Jill Jack Jill Jack Jill

a. 5 2 d. 10 25 g. 54 18
b. 6 16 e. 7 28 h. 7 10
c. 4 14 f. 21 35 i. 5 11

4. Simplify to the lowest terms - use many steps if you like, or use the GCF.
16 25 40 45
a. = b. = c. = d. =
28 50 100 120

32 36 27 81
e. = f. = g. = h. =
36 18 54 90

60 44 18 120
i. = j. = k. = l. =
48 32 99 360

48
Name: Date:

Simplify Before Multiplying

1. Rewrite the problems using the fraction line for division.
What 'shortcut' can you use in solving them?

a. 10 ÷ 4 × 4 = b. 20 × 5 ÷ 5 = c. 37 ÷ 5 × 5 =
10
×4 =
4

d. (4 ÷ 5) × (5 ÷ 9) . e. 8 ÷ 7 × 3 ÷ 8 f. 5 ÷ 9 × 9 ÷ 11 =
4
× =
5

2. Simplify before you calculate.

12 3 5
a. ×7 = b. 10 × c. × 11 =
7 10 11

4 5 2 3 7 3
d. × = e. × = f. × =
5 9 3 10 10 7

3 1 5 2 4 1
g. × = h. × = i. × =
10 3 6 4 8 3

2 3 3 2 2 10
j. × = k. × = l. × =
6 9 10 18 30 11

7 3 7 6 25 16
m. × = n. × = o. × =
21 4 8 35 30 24

3. a. A photo frame needs to go 3/4 inch over the size of the photo on each side. Mary's
photo is 5 1/2 inches high and 7 3/4 inches wide. How wide and how high is the
frame?

b. Now the photo is enlarged so that it is double in height and double in width.
How high and wide is the photo? What about the new frame?

c. How many square miles in area is a square-shaped town that is 1/2 mile wide and
1/2 mile long?

d. How many square miles in area is a rectangle that is 3/4 miles wide and
1/2 mile long?

e. A carpet is 5 1/2 feet wide and 7 1/2 feet long. How many square feet is the area?
49
Name: Date:

Multiply Fractions 1
1. Write a multiplication sentence.

2
a. 3 × = b. c. d.
8

2. Write each multiplication as repeated addition. Give your answer in lowest terms.
2 2
a. 3 × = b. 5 × =
9 10

3 3
c. 2 × = d. 2 × =
10 8

4 4
e. 3 × = f. 2 × =
12 9

3. Solve the problems.

a. Three kids each ate 1/8 of the chocolate b. Mom cut the pizza evenly. Four people
bar. How much of the bar is left? each ate 2/12 of it. How much is left?

c. How much ice cream is in five 1/2-gallon d. An oil bottle contains 3/4 quart
containers? of oil. How much oil is in two
such bottles?

4. Multiply. Give your answer in lowest terms.

2 2 2
a. 3 × = b. 5 × = c. 4 × =
9 10 12
3 4 4
d. 2 × = e. 2 × = f. 3 × =
8 9 12

5. Multiply. Give your answer as a mixed number, and in lowest terms.

5 3 2
a. 3 × = b. 5 × = c. 4 × =
9 10 7
7 2 4
d. 2 × = e. 6 × = f. 3 × =
8 9 11

6. Write the recipe for:

Coffee (5 servings)
a. 10 servings
b. 15 servings 3 1/2 cups water
1/4 cup coffee
c. 20 servings

50
Name: Date:

Multiply Fractions 2
1. What is half of a fraction? Split the pieces.

1 1 1 1 1 2
a. of is of the whole. b. of is of the whole. c. of is
2 4 2 3 2 5

1 1 1 1 1 2
× = × = × =
2 4 2 3 2 5

2. You share the leftover pizza equally with two other people. Divide the pizza in the
pictures. What kind of part do you get? Write a multiplication sentence.

1 1 1
a. Find of b. Find of c. Find of
3 3 3
1 1
× = × = × =
3 2

Similarly, now share the pizza slice equally with three other people.

1 1 1
d. Find of e. Find of f. Find of
4 4 4
1 1
× = × = × =
4 2

3. Multiply. Give your answer in lowest terms.

2 1 1 2 5 1 2 3
a. × = b. × = c. × = d. × =
5 3 4 7 4 3 3 4

2 2 3 1 4 2 2 4
e. × = f. × = g. × = h. × =
9 3 5 10 7 3 9 5

4. Now what do you need to do first? Give your answer as a mixed number.
1 1 1 3 3 1
a. ×1 = b. ×2 = c. ×5 =
2 3 2 4 10 3

1 2 2 1 1 1
d. 2 × = e. 1 ×2 = f. 1 ×2 =
5 3 5 3 3 2

5. Write half of the recipe. Cookies

2 1/2 cups flour 1/2 cup raisins

1/2 cup honey 2 eggs
3/4 cup butter 1 tsp baking powder

51
Name: Date:

Multiply Fractions by Fractions

Give your answers as mixed numbers and in lowest terms.

1. Write the multiplication problems as addition problems and solve.

2 1
a. 3 × = b. 5 × =
9 3

5 3
c. 4 × = d. 3 × =
7 10

2. Can you notice a SHORTCUT so you don't have to write them as additions?
4 1 1
a. 2 × b. 5 × c. 8 ×
9 6 9

7 5 3
d. 6 × e. 6 × f. 5 ×
10 7 4

3. Multiply.

7 5 4
a. 5 × b. 10 × c. ×7
9 12 9

1 8 15
d. 16 × e. 7 × f. 2 ×
12 7 4

7 5 9
g. ×9 h. 13 × i. 10 ×
11 11 14

4. This morning one of the kids is sick, so Mom only wants

to make 2/3 of the recipe. How much does she need of Pancakes
each ingredient? 4 dl water
What should she do with the eggs? (dl stands for 2 eggs
deciliter) 3 dl whole wheat flour
(pinch of salt)
50 g butter for frying

5. Eve is planning a party. She is planning on having a

certain amount of food and beverages for each For each guest
guest. Figure out how much water, juice and coffee 1/4 qt of water
she needs, how many cookies and how many cakes 1/4 qt of juice
(WHOLE cakes, that is) she will need to bake, if she 1 1/2 cups of coffee
is having 60 guests. 3 cookies
1/16 of a cake

52
Name: Date:

Multiply Fractions by Fractions

1. You get a certain part of the leftover pizza. How much? Write a multiplication sentence.
Shade the answer picture.

3 2
a. × = b. × =
4 3

3 2
c. × = d. × =
4 3

2 2
e. × = f. × =
5 3

5 4
g. × = h. × =
6 5

2. Multiply. Remember to always give your answer in lowest terms (simplified) and
as a mixed number, if possible.

3 2 11 1 3
a. × b. × c. 8 ×
9 9 12 6 13

2 2 5
d. 9 × e. ×8 f. 10 ×
3 9 7

3 7 7 6 9 4
g. × h. × i. ×
4 8 10 5 20 5

3. Find the missing factor.

6 1 1 5 3 1 2 3
a. × = b. × = c. × = d. × =
7 7 4 16 8 16 5 10

53
Name: Date:

Multiplication and Area

Think of the whole side of the rectangle as being 1 whole, the other side also is 1 whole, and the
whole rectangle also illustrates 1 whole in terms of area. The fractions being multiplied
represent length of the sides, whereas the result fraction represents area.

1 2 2 1
× = =
2 3 6 3
length length AREA
of one of other compared to
side side total area

1. Write the multiplication sentences that go with the pictures.

a. b. c. d.

2. Multiply. Draw and shade as in the previous exercise to illustrate the multiplications.

1 1 1 1 1 2 2 3
a. × b. × c. × d. ×
4 2 2 6 3 5 7 4

4 2 2 1 4 2 5 3
e. × f. × g. × h. ×
7 3 3 6 9 3 6 5

54
Name: Date:

Multiplication with Mixed Numbers

1. Multiply in parts (the whole number part separately, and the fractional part
separately; then add).
1 1 1
a. 2 × 1 b. 3 × 2 c. 5 × 2
3 5 3

1 2 1
d. 7 × 5 e. 8 × 5 f. 7 × 4
7 10 6

2. Multiplying in parts... but something goes wrong at first!

1 3
Problem: 1 × 3
2 4
Jim thought: I will go 1 × 3 and 1 3, and add those.
2
× 4
1 3 3 3
So I get 1 × 3 = 3, and 2
× 4
= 8 ; total 3 8 .

Shade the area in the picture.

How many wholes is it? _____
How many 1/8 parts besides that? _____
So is it 3 3/8 ? Multiplying in parts - with FOUR
parts:
1 3
1 × 3 = 1 × 3 (which is 3)
2 4
How can we fix his thinking?
3 3
Study carefully the calculation on the right. + 1 × (which is )
It shows how to multiply in parts. 4 4
1 1
+ × 3 (which is 1 )
This can still be less work than changing 2 2
1 3 3
mixed numbers to fractions, then multiplying, + × (which is )
and then changing back to a mixed number. 2 4 8

But the choice between the two methods is yours. 3 1 3

All total, we get 3 + +1 + =
4 2 8

3. Multiply the mixed numbers. Give the result in lowest terms and as a mixed number.
1 1 1 1 1 1
a. 2 × 1 b. 10 × 2 c. 5 ×1
4 2 3 2 5 6

5 1 2 1 3 1
d. 2 × 2 e. 2 ×5 f. 1 × 3
6 3 3 10 8 5

55
Name: Date:

Divide Fractions
1. Shade parts and solve the division problems.

6 10 8 9
a. ÷2= b. ÷ 5= c. ÷2= d. ÷3=
8 12 9 10

2. Write a multiplication and a division sentence.

2
a. 3 × = b. c. d.
11

6
÷3=
11

3. Solve the problems.

a. Only 4/9 of the pizza is left. Mom and b. If you cut 1/2 of pizza to two equal
Dad share it equally. Write a division pieces, what parts are those pieces?
sentence. Draw a picture.

c. There is 4/8 of the pie left, and four kids d. Five people share equally 10/12 of the
share it. Write a division sentence. chocolate bar. Write a division
sentence and draw a picture.

e. Six-tenths of the land area was planted with wheat,

and the rest with oats. Divide the plot with wheat
into two equal-size pieces. Draw a picture.

4. Solve. Give your answer in lowest terms.

2 4 8
a. ÷2= b. ÷2= c. ÷2=
5 5 9

10 10 6
d. ÷2= e. ÷5= f. ÷3=
11 11 5

5 40 12
g. ÷5= h. ÷5= i. ÷4=
10 100 16

10 15 27
j. ÷5= k. ÷5= l. ÷3=
20 18 100

56
Name: Date:

Divide Fractions
1. Write a division sentence for each problem and solve.

a. There is 4/10 of the pizza left over and b. There is 6/9 of the pizza left over and
two people share it equally. three people share it equally.
How much does each one get? How much does each one get?

c. There is 10/16 of the cake left and d. There is 12/20 of the cake left and
two people share it equally. four people share it equally.
How much does each one get? How much does each one get?

2. Write a division sentence.

a. Divide between two b. Divide between two c. Divide between two

people: people: people:
1
÷2=
2

d. Divide between two e. Divide between five f. ...between three

people: people: people:

g. ...between three h. ...between three i. ... between three

people: people: people:

3. Fill in, and give examples.

Dividing a number by 2 is the same as multiplying it by ____. Example:

Dividing a number by 5 is the same as multiplying it by ____. Example:

4. Change the divisions to multiplications and solve.

1 5 1 5 1 4
a. ÷2 b. ÷ c. ÷ d. ÷5
7 12 2 6 3 15
1 1
× =
7 2

5 2 7 4 11 2
e. ÷ f. ÷3 g. ÷8 h. ÷
9 3 12 5 12 9

57
Name: Date:

Divide Fractions
1. Fill in, and give examples.
Dividing a number by 7 is the same as multiplying it by . Example:

2
Dividing a number by is the same as multiplying it by . Example:
3

1
Dividing a number by is the same as multiplying it by . Example:
6

2. Another method to divide fractions by fractions:

1. Change both fractions so they have a common

denominator.
Example:
1 3 2. Divide the numerators only.
÷
2 10
↓ ↓ This method is not necessarily less work, but it makes
10 6 10 more sense intuitively. In the example on the left, we
÷ = 10 ÷ 6 = =1 =1 can ask:
20 20 6
how many times does 6/20 go into 10/20 ?
The answer is: 1 2/3 times.

3. Solve using any method.

5 4 1 1 2 7
a. ÷9 b. ÷ c. ÷ d. ÷ 10
7 10 4 6 3 12

4 1 1 1 1 1 2
e. 4 ÷3 f. 7 ÷6 g. ÷1 h. 5 ÷
9 3 12 3 2 8 3

4. Jill is making a necklace that is 20 inches long. Her beads are of different sizes; some
are 1/8 inch thick, some are 1/4, 3/8, or 1/2 inches thick.
a. How many beads go to a necklace made solely of SS beads? Bead Width
b. How many beads go to a necklace made solely of S beads? SS 1/8 in
c. How many beads go to a necklace made solely of L beads? S 1/4 in
d. What happens if she tries to make a 20-inch necklace using M 3/8 in
only M beads? L 1/2 in
e. She also makes a necklace with pattern SS-SS-M.
How many of each kind of bead does she need?
f. How about a necklace with S-S-S-L pattern?
58
 Divide Fractions by Fractions
1. Write a division sentence for each problem and solve. How many times does ....

a. 5 go into 45? b. go into ?

c. go into ? d. go into ?

e. go into 1 4
? f. go into ?
5 5

2 6 2 8
g. go into ? h. go into ?
7 7 9 9

2. Do as above: think how many times the divisor goes into the dividend.

1 1 1 1
a. 3 ÷ = b. 4 ÷ = c. 3 ÷ = d. 9 ÷ =
6 5 10 8

7 1 6 2 9 3 14 2
e. ÷ = f. ÷ = g. ÷ = h. ÷ =
4 4 15 15 10 10 24 24

3 1 2 1 5 5 4 2
i. 1 ÷ = j. 2 ÷ = k. 7 ÷ = l. 4 ÷ =
5 5 4 4 10 10 9 9

3. Change the divisions to multiplications, and solve. If it has mixed numbers,

change those first to fractions.

9 2 3 4 2 2
a. ÷ b. ÷ c. ÷
10 5 7 3 11 3

× =

7 3 1 3 10
d. 1 ÷ e. 2 ÷1 f. 5 ÷6
8 4 15 5 11

59
Name: Date:

Fractions Review
1. Shade parts. Then compare the fractions, and write > , < , or = between them.

a. b. c.

2 2 5 5 1 1
9 10 12 9 4 3

5 7 3 1 9 4
d. e. f.
12 12 7 7 10 10

2. Add and subtract. You can shade parts in the picture, if you need help.

3 7 1 2 4 5 9 5
a.
14
+
14
= b. + = c. + = d. − =
7 7 10 10 10 10

8 7 5 5 6 4 3 5
e. − = f. − = g. − = h. + =
11 11 7 7 12 12 11 11

3. Draw pictures to illustrate these mixed numbers.

1 2 3
a. 1 b. 1 c. 2
2 3 10

4. Compare the mixed numbers and fractions. Imagine them in your mind.
1 1 1 1 1 2 3 1
a. 1 b. 2 1 c. 2 1 d. 2 1 e. 1 1
2 3 2 2 4 4 4 2

1 1 1 1 4 1 1 3 3
f. 3 2 g. 5 6 h. 1 1 i. 3 3 j. 3 3
6 3 2 2 5 5 4 4 4

5. Write as decimals.

1 1 3 14 67
a. b. 1 c. d. 2 e.
10 10 100 100 100

60
Name: Date:

Fractions Review 1
1. Simplify, or write the fractions in lowest terms.
6 4 8 6 2
a. = b. = c. = d. = e. =
12 10 10 9 8

12 9 5 10 40
f. = g. = h. = i. = j. =
16 18 15 100 100

2. Compare and write <, >, or = between the fractions.

1 5 1 2 5 8 3 8 1 1
a. b. c. d. e.
2 7 3 6 5 9 4 12 2 3

3 1 4 1 2 1 2 22 2 2
f. g. h. i. j.
10 5 9 3 5 2 10 100 9 7

3. Solve and draw a picture to illustrate these calculations.

7 8 3 8
a. + b. 3 × c. ÷2
10 10 10 10

4. Add. Give you answer as a mixed number, in lowest terms.

3 2 3 7
a. + b. +
10 5 4 8

5 1 3 5
c. + d. +
6 2 4 6

7 6 3 3
e. 1 +3 f. 3 +2
10 10 4 4

9 5 3 56
g. 6 +2 h. 4 +
12 6 10 100

5. Subtract. Give your answer in lowest terms.

1 3 7
a. 5 b. 9 c. 12
3 10 20
5 2 3
– 1 – 5 – 5
12 5 4

61
Name: Date:

Fractions Review 2
1. What fractional part of the day is ...
a. 12 hours b. 6 hours c. 3 hours d. 9 hours e. 16 hours

2. What fractional part of the year is

a. 4 months b. 8 months c. 3 months d. 9 months e. 10 months

3. Thinking about cups, pints, quarts, and gallons. (Hint: 1 gallon = 4 quarts = 8 pints = 16 cups)

a. 1 qt = _____ gal b. 3 qt = _____ gal c. 1 cup = _____ pint d. 1 cup = _____ qt

2 qt = _____ gal 4 qts = _____ gal 3 c = ____ pint 3 cups = _____ qt

4. Solve the problems. Give you answer in lowest terms.

a. Jane slept 5/12, worked for 1/3, and b. Baby has gotten in 2/5 of her 20
did housework for 1/8 of the day's baby teeth.
hours. How many hours total did she How many are still to come?
spend on those?

c. A picture is 5 1/4 inches wide, and 3 1/8 d. A company divided a project so that
inches tall. What is its perimeter? Mark would do 1/10 of it, Leslie would
do 1/2 of it, and Jerry the rest. What
part was left for Jerry?

e. The Hill family spends about 1/10 of the f. The school has budgeted $7,560 to
year's days in Florida. Is that more or be used for school lunches during the
less than one month? nine school months. How much of that
money is meant for January and
February?

g. If you glue a 5 1/2” tall and 4 1/2” h. Three-tenths of the 50 states have
wide photograph in the middle of implemented the newest education
a paper that is 8 1/2” x 11”, policy. How many states have not?
how wide are the margins left on
the top, bottom, left, and right?

62
Name: Date:

Fraction Problems
1. Write each whole number as a fraction with...
halves thirds fourths fifths tenths hundredths
2
1
2
4
2
2

2. Simplify, or write the fractions in lowest terms.

4 4 25 5 15
a. = b. = c. = d. = e. =
24 16 75 25 25

12 12 30 25 25
f. = g. = h. = i. = j. =
20 16 50 50 100

3. Write <, >, or = between the fractions. You might need to convert both to like fractions.
5 3 1 4 6 21 3 21 1 22
a. ? b. c. d. e.
12 8 5 25 25 100 5 50 4 100
10 9
>
24 24

7 1 1 5 10 5 5 1 1 4
f. g. h. i. j.
24 4 3 16 16 8 18 3 2 9

4. Solve the problems.

a. A zoo uses 1/4 of its monthly $100,000- b. A family shared a 4x8-chocolate bar. Dad
budget for salaries, and 1/10 for animal got 1/4, each of the four kids got 1/8, and
care. How much is left after those? Mom the rest. What fraction did Mom get?

c. 32/100 of the land is planted for wheat, 42/100 of the land is planted for barley, 2/10 is
planted for oats, and the rest is resting. What part of the land is resting?

63
Name: Date:

Fraction Word Problems

1. a. The standard letter paper size is 8 1/2 x 11 inches. What is the area of the paper
in square inches?

b. If you use 1/2 inch margins on all sides, what is the real printable area in square
inches?

2. a. The farmer gets 1/8 of the total potato sales, the wholesale dealer gets 1/12, and
the store merchant gets the rest. What part does the store merchant get?

b. If the total sales were $4,500, how many dollars did the farmer, the wholesale
dealer, and the store merchant each get?

3. a. An eraser is 1/8 inches thick. How many of those can be stacked into a 4-inch tall
box?

b. The eraser is 1 3/8 inches long. The box is 6 inches. How many erasers fit into
the box lengthwise?

c. The eraser is 13/16 inches wide. The box is 5 inches wide. How many erasers fit
into the box widthwise?

d. So how many erasers total fit into the box?

4. How many of the same kind of erasers fit into a box with the dimensions of
12 in x 10 in x 8 in (length-width-height)?

5. An animal mini-puzzle is 8” x 5 3/4” inches size. How many of those can fit on a table
that is 4 ft x 4 ft?

6. Two farmers divided a day's kiwi fruit harvest

so that one got 2/5 of it and the other the rest.

The farmer who got less then gave 1/3 of his

part to his son, and kept 22 pounds himself.
How much did the day's kiwi fruit weigh
originally?

7. Dad paid 1/5 of his paycheck as taxes, and of what remained, he paid 1/6 as payment
on a loan. Then he had $860 left. How much was his paycheck?

8. A piglet is born weighing 3 lb 4 oz. If it gains approximately 7 1/3 oz. per day during the
12-day nursing period, how much will it weigh at weaning ( = the end of the nursing
period)?

64
Name: Date:

Fractions Roundup 1
1. Write a number sentence to describe each situation. Solve.

a. How many times does 1/5 go into 2 4/5 ?

b. There was 1/4 of the pizza left. Marie ate 2/3 of that.
What part of the original pizza did she eat?

c. Of the 112 contestants, 3/8 were women.

How many were women?

d. One-third of the cake was decorated with chocolates, 1/4 with sprinkles and the rest
with strawberry frosting. What part was decorated with strawberry frosting?

2. You have learned to do all four operations with fractions!

Fractions/
Sum Difference Product Quotient
Operations
1 1
a. and
2 4

2 1
b. and
3 5

3 1
c. 1 and
5 4

6 2
d. 5 and 1
10 5

3. a. The product is 15/24, one factor is 5/6, what is the other factor?

b. The quotient is 16, the divisor is 1/4, what is the dividend?

c. The sum is 1 2/15, one addend is 1/5, what is the other addend?

d. The difference is 3/20, the minuend is 1, what is the subtrahend?

4. Write the equivalent fractions with hundredth parts, then as decimals, then as percents.

1 25 6 3
a. = = 0.25 = 25% b. c.
4 100 5 4

19 7 17
d. e. f.
20 25 50

65
Name: Date:

Fractions Roundup 2
1. Find your way thru the maze! Start at the top, and find your way to the bottom.
You can go down, right, or left - but not up. Each fraction on your path must be
greater than the one before.
1 2 5 11 1 3 12 7 1
100 100 100 100 100 10 100 100 100
3 2 1 2 2 1 2 4 4
100 10 2 20 25 10 11 9 11
2 1 2 1 1 3 2 6 7
5 11 7 9 10 7 9 11 20
34 9 1 4 7 1 3 3 9
100 25 3 11 20 2 4 5 20
3 2 5 2 17 4 3 1 9
7 5 9 21 20 9 7 2 11
1 9 1 5 2 3 6 5 2
2 20 2 8 3 4 13 11 7
7 5 2 7 3 4 21 19 7
15 8 3 13 5 5 25 20 10
7 5 17 8 19 17 7 24 5
8 9 100 15 20 25 11 25 6

2. Calculate. Give your answer in the lowest terms, as a mixed number.

1 3 13 3 7 5 1 3 3
a. + b. ÷1 c. 2 ×1 d. 1 − −
11 4 20 4 15 7 2 8 4

3. Draw pictures to illustrate...

1 1 8
a. ...the addition + b. ... the division ÷ 4.
2 4 9

2 1
c. ...the multiplication 5 × d. ... the division 3 ÷ .
15 2

4. How many 1 1/4 foot pieces of rope can you cut out of a roll that is 40 feet long?

5. Mary jogs 7/12 of a mile each day, five days a week. Find how many miles she jogs
during a year.

6. a. How many ounces is 7/16 of a pound?

b. If a jar weighs 12/16 lb, how many pounds do 50 jars weigh?

7. How many feet is 57 inches?

66
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