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FURTHER PROGRAMMING
ovr level programming: MOgrams uve me instruction $41 of me procensor
impemvve progcamening: Programs Wim an aKplLit stowence o€ OvENTS, win oF ulinot
prude Cant:
OvyeLA-odentes programming: Programs using Mme Loncegts of Clans, inheritance, encapsuaiion and
poy prem.
dectacaive prmgcameniog, Programs mar specihy Me desired veavir Yamen Man hii ro ges it
CiAsS: Template debiring Me melnede and attrivkte of a Coviain type
AVjes An iastance of a class:
nvesitance: Proves by) Uhl Ymemeds and dale from ont Um are copied int anomer class.
tetgmonpriom: memeds are ce-dehined bor derives classes
exealoadiog: A memod ss dekass more man oncein a Clan to ibcan be wed
ithoremr sitwaMiens.
ealvinmens: Faces by whim one clas Lan contain anomer clon:
Progsamming paradigm: A se4 of pregtamming Conteph disided inks MWD cokepenics + low-level and
arreivaea Pala items i
adam.
metheds: Wogmmmed proedwe Maris Parr of — clos
saupvion An uneepeved ovond thar apts ME eXEUIKon of a Program.
aupyinn vandiivg: Frecers of etoponding fo AN extepion So me program dete not hawt mnenpectesly
DATA REPRESENTATION
fon cempotiin dam nase: Single nia hype whim doce not reference ofmey daha types:
Tadeger non- composite date njge TRA Stoves wnshe umber
Lioag : aan- comporire dain type RAE Sree deat numer
‘Seeing Aon compotite dam type PRAL Store Bur oF mare Cnasacton.
ea: nan: composite dain tye YRAL Stereo a sage Chavaikee
ortean + an
compotie dam type that Stoves true oF false
“deinvas + uimbie dumber vied te reference a memory Lecaken (non compotite daintyee)
Somposie dain type: Pata type uhion can be Conerruuted using omer daia hyees
Bewe: couervion oF data items um diftovem' dai ryote. Coomposive dara ype)
Sed composire data kype Mat Stover Finire mumWew of Yawwes uit no oer
Gass: composive data type Mat gire Mme gropenies and memeds fy an ovjeutAmay: calemn of items aim me same daranyge (iomposive data hype)
gorhash + ren’ ts Sived in me meat free space of Me hie
ered asm: teen i Stored A ME HELE Free SHALE ia RE oveWRow Aven of Mme hie:
wieredelned daze iyge: Pola type dewved from One of moe exiting dalatyees, designed lo
wnat Ime regrommers needs:
ARTIFICICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Actiheial inlehigence: memy and Steelopment of Lompuren systems alble % porkore Faans,
Mormany eeayvicing Human ia eilig emce.
mathine Vencniry: SUE of A Tat improves its pOMtOImance at Lain tasKe usin experience.
Bp Uencnions SUrse) of ML Mal modelleh en a brain AND consitm of many layer
famous AL when a mauhine Noo S.yorins PevIrrmante TD a ruman When doin one specihie task:
Senor AL: umen a Maine i similar ini performance To a human in any inteleLnval bash:
Sra, AN: Wien a macnine Noe Serine POYI MANE 1D A human in many fark:
Supenised learning: pin and ovtpvis ase used 2 Wain a model umitn prediLn outiomto Based on
fast doin,
Sspendseh earning: 0 Sysrem mat Oralvales Ime given dakar and manca decition, ly idemvibying
terres
stinfCloment earning: A system i nok Wrained ond leans on Mne basis of Fema and punisnment-
min sypowieh \eatning: Vico bom lavened and uiabened data Yo Wren me madel
Septem: Stans Heal meted used to mane PrEdicnions from ME given dam wy learring fome
ceavionsnie Weween Me inguD and me oUTIU
COMMUNICATION
eather: Conwal serves rat Contains infwemavion avout ait ne geen in Yne Swarm aad Mme bes
dong Aowmionded:
$223! (OW Compre mat downloads a file and mance it ovailaime to omer geen:
swarm: nerworn of peew Compukov Yat Wave a [pak oF a Fie dumioaded
druid switing: Dedicated communicariens Uranned whabiished Wchweon Two devices mal is
cerminn kes at Me end oO Communication.Lommunicavion grotecol: Sth of Teo fox sucesfr transmission and receipt of data
Seecen: combo Computer That Siwven files te we doumleaded.
Command: user con Send any insirurion te ve cawied ouren seve:
anmnymous: Atlous view Fe actess les view Tne need bo idembihy Mmemselves to Server
TIE: hypertees trantion protecst reaper
Le foe Comect Transfew oF prommcols mat make up
werpaqes-
SITE: Simple mail wransfew pretncol. fush probes mat Randles semding OF Umais
2003/4: post office pretreat. Al promeat Mat Randtes receiving OF mails
AMAR: catornet mesiage aden promcar itl groteet mat handies Fectiving, of Emaith-
ONS: demain name service = Contains dal
$e oF URE and (P addreues.
EXE: [ite transfer Pretneet - used bo Wransfew messager and attaummnemts.
QP: revving infoemarion Protea provmol vied by cuutte ke Cumange inbwmavion over an IP nerwer
SEE | simple nerwomm manaqemenk EMM - Used UME exUNAWing RENO management
foemavion YelWten Neem management and AEtwow dusices:
leean: 0 peer Mat doumleads mort data man st Uploads, Rang a neqalive impa on me
wasn
Wweners @ geen Mant dowloads many files bik does nok mane any new dontont avaitavte:
QUA: @ Computer oF deuce in a sucixm Mat doumioads Juptoads 0 Kie-
ToUHEA netwovhing deuce frat formawts daka palmen wetucen Compute nenwoms based on
Anker marion in Me fouing table
Souving tale : contains info marion wecertany We forte a pathel along Mme besr vows by vent its
Aesvnaien
Eoeremt : emait hie Mat contains meta deta abet Ine bite Yaa needs te ve doumtoaded.
Pocher switening: Methed of Traremission in umUM a menage > Vahem up inte paumeb mat are
Feasiemied in Wneiv conresk ove OA me dedinavien.
SECURITY
enmryption: proven of twining plaintext Te cigmen Feat:
deumyorion : procem of haning chpner text To plaintext
Qwvtichey : hay widely available mat is sed re eniryet masager Imat ofly owner of prvae
they can devryot-Gomer Wet: emuryphed version of MRE Plain aK Whit TS not Understandaele.
Pirrave Hey: Key only known be ownen MAF CAN We Used bo EMUTYPE Menage ho ConKem
‘plain text: origina tent some by Me sendiev
SeStinn 10: USEA to idemvihy a Qroup ot Menage hunsFened Lebnecm a Uiemt and Seaver
Sessinn byge + detwumines Whemen NE cersinn Wit We CeWSAblE OF mO\:
digilatsignamve s clermmnie dowment MAtd vied to prove mat data is frem an aumenvie Source.
OPERATING SYSTEM
Pan of me openaing System MAL Communicates ewer havduiave,
Sofware, and-memsy:
rwal_ mumenys tyge 0 paging mak givco MMe illusion of unfinired memory
Deng Avaralste.
PaAing: HYPE OF Memory management Whin divides UP Physical Memon
And Logical memory ints fixed sige Memory Vlouns
physical memory» Am)
Logical memory: oddiers space Mat an OS puieies to ve ain Storaye-
momong
frame: fixed- size Physical memory block, same size an panes
page : Rxed-size logical memory Wloch-
gaged memory: type Of memory managememl in WriUn logical adsrenses are
Mmaped onto Pryrical addrerses ving a page tale
Page Fark: caw Ueno num Page w refEMed BU il i> nol yer in memony
dish measring: ctauh from ube of ftval memory. excersive swaping in
and ovk of urtual memeng leads to Nigh rome of read unite head
movemenh
Seqmemtavion: type of Memory Manageme t in Wri logical addrens space i>
proven down into Variable -sized vious (Seqmemb) Mat are loaded inky ehysiccs
memory,
Steamer: variable sired logical memary Vioch-
page Hobie a tavle used whem mapping Logical addrersee be physical addvenser. Ut
Uantains paje and (ame Number
Semon mag: AP VIE Suing seqmentaien whem loading Seqmenbin logical memory
1m prysical Memony. Lt Conkdins Segment umber, Sine, and Memory addresoavineds /singve allocovien: process WnMUGh Whi
Fuge aopicavion.
alll Yne Memory > made avaiilatre ro o
LOT: Undempt Bispanm Tolle - Tans interryt with aporoprave ish:
Boiiiarhieg: Proter With allsur computers to CAany OU mie Man one Fash ata Hime:
au level sunebvting: JecAben Whiln pracers Choold neat get Allen to CAN Hime and reneucet.
Nigh level sunedoting: make decisions ber whith Program Ltored on me S50 snovld be
moved to memons-
awantunn: (KEL Kme site given ha procen
Betadg> anomaly: Sivavien {A unin 11 fossa’ to have more gaje Faw when [AUiersing,
Yne number of gone frames
eumpnve : System in whim resomten ave ailecared re a pncees fel a Vimited amount or Hine
And me proce cam We \atURUprEs UiLe it i> cunning
Ran- preemonve : System in WHiON fear are ailecAFEs re a graces uml i RAS Completed ity
Dunst Hime and me process cannot ve inrenupted Wile {is cunning:
Biogram: wsiten cade
BOLE: item cade Weing exewted.
f2ady Share: Mhe process » walking in ME queUE and 1» nek being ExeLUTed.
plowed crate: Me precers <> Wailing for an input ov oust oY an event
untieg trate: The process 1 ubining COM cesouced! Kime:
Talent: signal From a tovrce mat demands attenvion from Ime procener
lexical analysis: fest stage in me procent of Cempilanion MTOUYn WHiUm ail unnecersary
Ononatiow nor ceayiced oY Me Compiler are removes:
Sqndax anaiasis: Second Stage in Me procert of COmgitanion in whidn VHA from me lexical
naugsis (> Onecned for grammar Crore
eprimisahon: pfocess wim creates an efficient objec program whim performs tons Using
me mininum amsunt of rersutes-
HARDWARE
Virtual maunines uses software to Emulure a naware serve
S180 Single iasrevction single Sata - Compute ynat doer nok nave Me avilihy fur farallel Procenting
Ond Wes a Single Proceney and one data SwceSump: singe insreveion mullite data- Me Procetiy had teveral ALUS, calm of uniln Cxewker me
Same iestroumen on auidipte dake
“Sum : ruotKife insevckion mulline data - Several Proceuwn CABURE differemt insrUUKer® , oCRONM
on diffevent dara
CASE prcenser + complen instucien sek compuren in WIN Me derign emphar>’> sa me
aware and many oddtening moder are gossivie
BiSCoreuemer + reduced instrucnion sek compuren A whim me desgn Emphasis Ton Me
Soave and move i> a Simpilied sek Of sastaerions-
Quest egeraving system OS Yonring i 0 Virlval maurne Mas Conrras me Vival
hodware- eens under me conor of mE nest OS-
est eperaving system + 05 MAt Controls Mme actual ehysical haruwate:
DELLA : \askuMen level partalleli¢m in UriUn an insteuaion Ts WioKen down Inks euihee
sroner
Massively garalel Comprey + Contains a Huge AUMBLY of PrELErIOG.CommunicAMan
verween mom iS stVBinnred and Convinovs and B CAmed oF ia a mencging
Plarform.
ALGORITHMS
Leewsion : pmter implemented using @ bncKon ov prcedwe thao dehaed in kevms of seu
‘ond cautsiesert.
212): derives an algerimm mat always ianer me same Wme fe perbrm a tas
DW): dereribes an algerime where Ye Wane taken to perborm a hath Will rw Linearty tel
fre Preferion Yo me number of dala (tems being Used:
OLIVA): destriber an aigenimm whore ine Vine them to perform a hash deWvles evenyrime
Me algeditnm uses an extea data Them
Tapaawa Fun Jerse
DLLagR) : dereribes an algerie umere Te Wime then wo perioim a hash gaeo up linea “ty
0 me numiver of Items qsee up exPonembicrly
DUA): Deourives an algovinm Wat aluiays ures Ye Same spate te penform Yne ash if
200): Peacsives an algoritnm Unore Yne 2pace Yo ferfvam me 4a3K will grow Vinearty [BE
In diree groporhon ro me number of Aaler (tems being used: