Advantages and

Disadvantages

Advantages of Half Adder

• Flexible and easy when it comes to

design.

• Involves the use of fewer logic gates

thus, is cheaper.

Disadvantages of Half Adder

• Fails to process acarry input from the

previously added numbers.

• Restricted to the addition of only two

bits.
 IX2
Smplement IX4 DeMultiplexcY wsing Derluin

DemulhpkxeYs

Required DemulhplxeS : X
Nwmbey f

Yequáved
Avolable

ko Snplement Requised.

Available Demulh plexesI : IX2

Requived X2 Dem=
Diagtamt
Snplkehg
BlocK |X2
using
DeMuli plexeT
IXy

Demlhplxcx8
:
Yo

CiYCuit dogam f X4 DenuX Demux Y

outputs S=o

oo
Inpuls
DemUX
n=2 S So upper

oX o is enabka
o

Si=1 DemxYv
-o oH
O
H

Lower DenA
So
O
OooH|

ig trabled
 1X2 DeMulhpkxCY
Smplement IX4 Demultiplkxer wsing

f AValable DemulhpkXeYS
Nymbey
Required DemuliplexC : %
to Smpleent Reqied

Available Demuliplexes :TK2 Teqyived.

1X4
Diaqyan Reqyuved DeMuliplexeð;-
Blocs
oukputs
pleehing

Input
Yo
Bloc Diagrammd
|2
plexe Using
IX4 Deyulti
Demuthpkexey :: n=2 Demulhploxcß:

Selechor
ng Yo
IX2
S & So
S So Dervux

Demulhpkxco :-Ix4
Tuth Table f Requised 1

Inputs
oukput
x S=0
n=2
o
S uppr DeDUX

-
o o
So
Hx is enabkd

S=|
Ho
Denon
o-o\8

Ooo
O Louey
So
 Demuliplexe
Lcgical ExpreStons Fy cutputs

BlccK Diaqyam f 1X4 Demuliple03 : C)

=SoS,A
Yo
E(Enable
input)
Y = SoS,A
outputs
Yo
2 =SoS, A
A
Ys = SoS,

Input Dermultiplexer y2 IX4 DeMulhplxe

(D) Logic Circuit
(A) (Demur) Y3
S

So S (Selechon ines) Yo

6)Truth Table:
Inpubs outputs
So S
 Demuliplexe
Convests.
Demulhplexer
; 3. Serial to parIalel

Demulhplexes
i a Combinaional
Diagram
Deulhplexe.
Blocs
E=1
that Perfog the veveTse E=O
Cicuit
E(Enable Irput)

opexalion f muiplexes.

bas single Input,

n
Demulhplexe

Belechon line and a outputs.

Input Demuliplexe
also called as (L)
Demuliplexex
ig (Dermux)

DeMux. outputs
to
will be Connected
The input
based on the
f these outputs
one

Values f elechon lineg.

Selechorines

DeMulkplkxe i Dagam Demlhplxes

Appli cabons of Blocs

I. Communicakon Systn mUX Detux

Q Arithmehc loqic ciYcuit oukputg

Sdechon inputg
A
20
B21
22
3-to-8
Decoder
JEN

A
20
B21
C
22
3-to-8
Decoder
JEN

A 20

B24
C223-to-8
Decoder

JEN
Answer and Explanation: 1

The block diagram of a 5-to-32 line decoder will consist

of fiveinputs say A, B,C,D,E.The output lines are
say Do,D1, D,D3,and so on upto D31. The enable pin

is say EN as shown below. The MSB (most significant

bit) is E and the least significant bit (LSB) is A in the
block diagram below:

A-20
D
B21 D
C22
23
E
4
-Dzs
5-to-32
Decoder D&1
Construct a 5-to-32-line
decoder with four 3-to-8
line decoders with enable

and a 2-to-4-line...

Question:

Construct a 5-to-32-line decoder with four 3-to-8-line

decoders with enable and a 2-to-4 line decoder. Use a
block diagram for the components.

Binary Decoders:

A decoder is a combinational circuit that takes n binary

inputs and maps them to 2"outputs. So a 5-input
decoder will have 2° that is 32 outputs. We can
implement the above decoding logic by stages of
smaller decoders as well. So,we can take four 3-to-8 line
decoders to get 32 outputs and each of the four
decoders can then be selected through a single 2-to-4
line decoder.
 Implementobon of Booleam Fumchon using Muliplexexg

the jollouing Gooleam funchon using 4x) Mwlhplexe

1. Smplement
i5)
f(A, B,C, D) = En(l, 3, 4, 1, 12, 3, l4, Number of Selection

inputs am x mUX:
F n=t
A C D
minto
Nunbr
an=- IG (o-15)
vamaes =
of input
0 :: Number
Numbes f Selkctorn inputs

D+co
Conder as
D(C+: AB Can
Sekcior
be :Nwmbey f
o--
=2
o D()
Cam
Selectioy inputg
Consides as
inpubs
S, & So
C&D b

input Voiaes
-- D
o Input
T
D
12 cD So
I3 oO--0

CD
 Implemerntabon of Booleam Funchon Muliplexex

Smplement the folloing Booleam funchon wsing SX) Mulhplexe

1:

F(A,B,4,D) = E(l, 3, t, ),12, 13, l4, 15) Numbes of Se lecio

mintes A B C D n=4 (numbes of input Vahiables) inpubs an 8X1 mUx

Numt
a"== I6 (o-15) = numbe
input Uaiables
Nunber of
C Selechion Vaia eg .n=3
2
- -
3 Numbex of Selechon
input8 =3
A, B,C Selection inpwtg (Se,Si9
o0 veiale
inpuk
D Io
-- I
0
o Inputs
mUX

D
12
D=o o 2-@) 6 8 lo)
13 D=|

St
 Implementabon of Booleam Funchon sg Muliplexexg

Booleam funcion Wsing I6X) Muhplexe

I. gmplement the follouoing

F(A,B,C,D) = Zm(,3, 4, 1, 12, 13, 4,1) Number of Se lecion

MUX:
inputs Am
minta
Nuntel
AB C D
S3 a'x
l6XI

o an= at I6xI

.
.,o
four S2 atx
leO- = 16 (o-15)
2 Selection) Si
So Nwmber t lecho

o- inputs eerae input)

o
oo0
o
-
o--O
Numbs Selecthion inputs=

Number oy input 2
oo Variabes 3
ooo O--

multplba
F
0o

0-o--000000-
2
--o
13
-
O
Yes, aDEMUX can be used as a
decoder. By treating the DEMUX input
as an enable signal and using the select
lines to choose the output, it effectively

decodes the binary input to activate

one specific output line.
7:48 ll59%

ChatGPT

and routing it to one of the several

outputs.

3. Control via Select Lines: The output

line that receives the input is

selected by the binary values of the

select lines. For example, a 1-to-4
DEMUX needs 2 select lines to
route the input to one of the four
outputs.

4.Used in Data Decoding:

Demultiplexers are used in

applications where data needs to

be decoded or routed to multiple
destinations.

5. Applications in Digital Systems:

They are widely used in digital

systems for tasks like memory

addressing, where a single address
line needs to control multiple data
lines.

Both multiplexers and demultiplexers

are essential comnnents in digital

electronics, us V outing and

distributing dataciently in circuits.

Message
7:48 ll59%

ChatGPT

5. Applications in Communication
Systems:Multiplexers are used in

communication systems to transmit

different data streams overa single
communication channel.

Functionalities of a
Demultiplexer (DEMUX):

1. Data Distribution: A demultiplexer

takes a single input signal and
distributes it toone of the many
output lines, based on select lines.

2. Signal De-multiplexing: It performs

the reverse function of a
multiplexer by taking a single input
and routing it to one of the several
outputs.

3. Control via Select Lines: The output

line that receives the input is
selected by the binary values of the
select lines. For example, a 1-to-4
DEMUX neer select lines to

route the ir one of the four

outputs.

+ Message
7:48 ll59%

ChatGPT

Functionalities of a Multiplexer
(MUX):

1. Data Selection: A multiplexer

selects one input from multiple

inputsbased on a select line(s) and

forwards it to a single output.

2. Efficient Data Routing: It enables

efficient routing of data by reducing
the number of wires required to
transmit multiple signals.

3. Control via Select Lines: The

selection of input is controlled by

binary select lines. For example, a

4-to-1 MUX requires 2 select lines to

choose one of the four inputs.

4. Signal Multiplexing: It allows

multiple signals to share one device

or resource, such as a
communication line, which

enhances efficiency.

5. Applications Communication
Systems: N xers are used in

Communical. systems to transmit

+ Message
 IGxI Muliplex3
CisCuit
Bcole an expressiom to output
C) Ihplexe
Wulholeve
vaniae

S S2 S, So
Ag
+ 52 S, Sof,+
As
+ S2 Sa S SoAy + Sg Sa Si So

+ S3 S S) So AG + SSS, So A

SS + Alo Sa 55, So A In+

AL

As
 Inpubs Cutput
SS Si So

+ S S, Sof,+ S S2 S, So A3 Ao
A

A
3 o0o
A3
+ S3 Sa S So AG +Sg S S,So Ay
--
ALy
As
AG
A¬
SSa S SAo + Sa Sa 5,So An + 8> A

A9
10>

132
A2

Ais
 8x1 Muliplexer

Ciycut SXI Mlhplexes.

Aj

A
3-to-8
Decoder
JEN

3-to-8
Decoder
JE

3-to-8
Decoder
EN

Decoder

JEN
 3:8

3:2
dercr
22
2;4
deeocut
3:%
deebdus

(3) D3

38
16+0+4t2 ceeodr

22-Le21
 D, Dg Dy Ds Ds Da Dg Dg
BCD |De D,
3 -
0o
oO

3 O0 | o
000

o
0-9 used to-IS Qonttare
Decimal to BCD Encoder

The decimal-to-binary encoder usually

consists of 10 input lines and 4 output
lines. Each input line corresponds to
each decimal digit and4 outputs

correspond to the BCDcode. This

encoderaccepts the decoded decimal
data as an input and encodes it to the

BCD output which is available on the

output lines. The figure below shows the
logic symbol of the decimal to BCD
encoder:
Applications of Encoders
Encoders have many applications in

different fields. Some of the applications

of encoders are listed below.

Computer System
Speed Synchronization of Motors
CNC Machiner
Industry
Medical

• Data routing
• Signal Processing
Applications of Decoders
Decoders havemany applications in

different fields. Some applicationsof

decoders are listed below.

Memory Address Decoding

• Data Routing
Seven-Segment Display Decoder
• Implementing common digital circuits
• Address Decoding
Barcode Scanner
• Television Remote Control
• Traffic Light Control
Security Systems

• Sound Synthesis
 adder wsing huo 4bit aodlers
3bit
Make
+
Bbit
adders

26 4bt
4it
addr
Cin adder
NAND
ga SGSS
0 lSI Full
foD9A,BSC(fo
Adder SI:
s s 4R6A (Carry out) C,R
)-4CPA A B

S = ABC,+ ABCt ABC + ABC,

Co= ABC,+ ABCt ABC, ABC +

B
ABCg EP h

ABC

S =ABC +ABC+AB C+ABC ABC;

=(A BC) (A BC) (ABC)(ABC) ABC;

Co= AB+ BC, + AC S=(ABC) (ABC, )(ABC)(ABC)

-(AB)(BC)(AC)

C-{AB)(BC)
(AC)
ISPT S 4R ÉAIA IT RT
(Carry out) C,

S=ABC, +ABC +ABC, +ABC;

C,= ABC, + ABC+ ABC tABC

S =A BC+ ABC+ABC + ABC

-(A BC)(ABC)(AB CH) (ABC)

+B+ C).(A +B+ C)

= (A+B+C).(A+B+C).(A

= (A+B+C) +(A+B+C) + (A +B+C) + (A+B+C)

Co =AB+ BC,+ AC;

=(AB) (BC)(AC)
-(A +B)(B+ C)(A+C)
=(A +B)+(A +B)+(A +B)
Advantages of Full Adder

Can add 3 bits, it includes one carry

input anda carry output, which can

perform more elaborate

Computations.

• It can be cascaded to produce adders

for a number of bit additions which
makes it suitable for multi bit

arithmetic.

Disadvantages of Full Adder

• Complex and needs more gates,

hence making the design more
complicate and expensive.

• Yeah man,slightly slower because

normally 2gate process are used
instead of 1.