3.2 Matrix (EE (mar) 1. Construct a2 2 matrix A = [aj], whose elements are given by 0, [(? -j]. (2020)(0) 12. wae[4 (a) A 3] tment 21(A~3)isequalto (b) 1 (51 @) 0 (Term|,2021-22) 13. If order of matrix A is 2 x 3, of matrix B is 3 x 2, and 2. Write the number of all possible matrices of order | of matrix Cis 33, then which one ofthe followings 2x 2witheach entry 1,20r 3. (412016) not defined? 3. Write the element enolase Strix [ose a med ) a cae elements, are given by oth. (Delhi 2015)(0) (Term1,2021-22) a : 1-1 1 4, The Reade 9, of a 3 x 3 matrix are given by a4 ipawla 4 4], thenaS—At-A?+Atisequalto a4 = 5I-3i+;1- Write the value of element ase 1-1 4, (Al 2014C) fa) 2A (b) 3A ( 4A (@) oO s i (Term|, 2021-22) 3.3 Types of Matrices | 15. IFAisa square matrixsuch that A? =A, then (I -A)?+A, = isequalto aa 1 ) 0 5 If [ey “HI fe ie st find the value of x + y. (© I-A (2) 1+A lpn 2x-y wllo 12014) (9) 3 16. IfA=[2 -3 4],B=|2].X=[1 2 3]andY= : then 6. “( (7 2) write the valve of oe AB+ XY equals (Foreign 2014)(f); (a) [28] (b) (24) 28d) 24 8 (2020) 7 ie tk fe oh write thevalueofb+y +2). | ET 1 nar ae BY: (Delhi 2014C) ip] z i ss 17. IfA=[1 0 4} andB=|5|.findAB. —(2021)(Ev) 3.4 Operations on Matrices 6 ne 48, Find the order of the matrix Asuch that 2-1) fa -8 & If [ [; $ ons e2 thenxeavts [: efi 3} (a) a1 ” “1 41 @) 2 (2023) sah be 2 2020) fa 6 19. ree[5 , find the matrix 9. 1 =|3|, then the value of (2x+y~2)is a te E (2021) a co) i 2. @1 2 3 5 (2029 2 HAFB= |y -[o als then 10. 1 x{2]ey[2]=[4)], the ie *LayY{s}rLo} Mer 21, If Ais a square matrix such that A? = |, then find (a) x=1,y=2 (b) x=2.y=1 the simplified value of (A - 1? + (A + I? - 7A. () x=ty=-1 (d) x=3y=2 (2023) (NCERT Exemplar, Dethi 2016) (Ri) 44, IfAisa square matrixand A?= A, then (1+)? 1 0 -af2 equal to. if[2 1 3] }-1 1 |] 0|=A, then write the ft (b) A (c) 24 () 31 Oo 1 4jh4 (2023), order of matrixA. (Foreign 2016) (ip)23, Solve the following matrix equation forx: 1 0 he as oF 3 4) vL[? Lg i Ep I HI. Fn yh. | oe a pare (Delhi 2014) : If Aisa square matrix such that A?= A. then write the value of 7A (I+A)3, where lis an identity matrix. (412014) &) If (2x “(3 )s 0, find the positive value of x. 120140) (Delhi 2014) 24, 26. TSW many 3 2 10 wal J) anat= linet ART kA, 2. find scalarkso that (2020) i (2020) (&) Find a matrix A such that 2A - 38 + SC = O, where B- sar 7 a)ec-| 2 a _ Oani2191E) EYE sma 12 3 90. If A=|3 -2 1], then show that A? - 12 0] Forwhatvalueofxist; 2 12 0 1 0 28. 29. 23A-401=0. (2023) TEM (4 mars) ! sa. tet ac(? DG eG 5 34 74 3 8. matrixDsuchthatCD-AB=0. (Delhi 2017)(fa) - 4214 ind a 32. Find matrix A such that a1. = t : eae (a12017) 34 201 i 33. WA=|2. 1 3h, find A? - SA +41 and hence find a | 1-10 matrixXsuch that A?- 5A+41+X=O (Delhi 2015) in) 34, Three schools A,B and C organized a mela for | collecting funds for helping the rehabilitation of flood : victims. They sold hand made fans, mats and plates | from recycled material at a cost of € 25.% 100 and | 39 2 50 each. The number of articles sold are giver below. 435. 38. Article/School A BC Hand-fans 40 25 35 Mats 50 40 50 Plates 20 30 40 Find the funds collected by each school separately by selling the above articles. Also find the total funds collected for the purpose. Write one value generated by the above situation. (Dethi 2015) To promote the making of toilets for women, an organisation tried to generate awareness through {i) house calls (i) letters and (ii) announcements. The cost for each mode per attempt is given below: (50) 20 Gi) 40 ‘The number of attempts made in three villages X. Y and Z are given below: oi) Gi) x 400 300 100 Y 300 250 75 Z 500 400 150 Find the total cost incurred by the organisation for the three villages separately, using matrices. Write fone value generated by the organisation in the society, (012015)(Ei) aft a4 2 = A? + B 6. If AS [3 i nd B=| ss.[¢ J) anata or Att Be then find the values of aand b. (Foreign 2015) In a parliament election, a political party hired a public relations firm to promote its candidates in three ways-telephone, house calls and letters. The cost per contact (in paise) is given in matrix Aas 1140] Telephone Az|200|Housecall 150}tetters ‘The number of contacts of each type made in two cities X and Yis given in matrix Bas Telephone Housecall Letters oe $00 $000 cityx 3000 1000-10000} cityY Find the total amount spent by the party in the two cities. What should one consider before casting his/her vote-party’s promotional activity or their social activities? (Foreign 2015) If [2x al, af o*e A trust fund, < 35,000 is to be invested in two different types of bonds. The first bond pays 8% interest per annum which will be given to (Delhi 2015¢)Mathematics - PYP... ‘orphanage and second bond pays 10% interest per annum which will be given to an N.G.O. (Cancer Aid Society). Using matrix multiplication, determine | how to divide Z 35,000 among two types of bonds if the trust fund obtains an annual total interest of @ 3,200. What are the values reflected in this question? (a1 2015¢) (Ei): 3.5 Transpose of a Matrix MRM 49, 40. raf? 4 and A= AT, where ATi the transpose of - Matrix A=]30 1 3 find values of and b. 0 a -3) . Ifthe matrix A=|2 0-1} is skew symmetric, find bio the values of a’ and (2018) 0 2 -2 is given to be symmetric, 3a 3-1 (Delhi 2016)(Ra) af} 3 is written as A = P + Q, where Pisa symmetric matrix and Qis a skew symmetric matrix, the matrix A, then then write the matrix P. (Foreign 2016) (a) x=0,y=5 (b) x=y i 24 46 (©) xty=5 (8) x=5,y=0 (2023) 41. MamatrixA=[1 2 3], then the matrix AA’ (where A’is | the transpose of A) is . Express the matrix A=|7_ 3 5 as the sum of a 1-2 4 symmetric and a skew symmetric matrix. 1.0 0} to 14 © [ 3 | | (a 2015) (&¥) a 0 0 3 51. Write a 2 x 2 matrix which is both symmetric and © [ 3 i () [14] (2023) skew symmetric. (Delhi 2014C) 3 1 2 Em (2 marks) — 42. If Pis a3 x 3 matrix such that P’ = 2P + J, where P’is | the transpose of P, then fa) Pet (b) Pat 52. () Pe2t (4) Px-21 (Term, 2021-22) | 53. IAs [6284-51] and a+ Aa | then the value of ais | 43. ae 2 (Term, 2021-22) HEE (2 marty | wo = 7 5 () ee eee ofx. (2021)(Ev) secincl® Blesved Forthe matrix A=| 2 5]. verify that (+A) isasymmetric mate’ ()A-Ayisaskew-symmetricmatrix. _(2020C) If A and B are symmetric matrices, such that AB and BAare both defined, then prove that AB ~ BAisaskew symmetric matrix. (412019) (fi) 55. Show that all the diagonal elements of a skew 44, W Ais amatrix of order 3 x2, then the order of the | symmetricmatrixarezers (Dethi 201710) matric. 2020) 3.7 Invertible Matrices 3.6 Symmetricand Skew Symmetric | HL Matrices 56. If for asquare matrix A,A?-A+I= O,thenA-? equals GRGMamay (aA (be) At (©) I-A (d) A-T i (2023) 45. A square matrix A is said to be symmetric, if. (2020)(0) MEGMMMLsmarksy 46, Given a skew-symmetric matrix A = 10 (2020) | oat . 41 b af.the | 57: value of (a+ b+e)?is, . 13 2 ifA= |2 09 —1].thenshowthat 123 AP ~4A2-3A+111=0.Hencefind A. (2020) 0)Mathematics - PYP. a2 Sample eeniini ye (0) ajr0vis (0. oj O,wherei=j (2022-23) w fers a=2b [. ]} henvateor Se-d 4c+3d|"]11 24 atb-c+2dis 8 10 4 i 8 (Term, 2024-22)(F)] Given that matrices A and B are of order 3 x n and _mx Srespectively, then the order of matrix C= 5A+ 3Bis (a) 3xSandm=n — (b) 3x5 (9 3x3 (4) 5x5 (Termi, 2021-22 3.4 Operations on Matrices Mim 4. If A = [aj] is a square matrix of order 2 such that ayef2P hen ais 0, wheni=j @ lira ® [3 a © it a @ i | (erm|, 2021-22) (0) 02 Wa| i J ]anais [3 al then the valuesof k ‘and b respectively are (a) -6,~12,-18 ©) -6.49 ) -6,-4,-9 (d) -6,12,18 isequal to (d) aj#Owherei=j (R) (A fb) 14a () I-A (@) 1 (Term1,2021-22) Given that as p Jonaat atten 1-0 (a) 1402+ By=0 (0) 1-a2-fry=0 () 3-c-py=0 —d). 34a? + prx0 (Term |, 2021-22)(F) EW 0 mary fA and B are matrices of order 3 x n and m x 5 respectively, then find the order of matrix 5A ~ 38, given that itis defined. (2020-21) (i) Given that A is a square matrix of order 3 x 3 and IAl=-4. Find ladj Al. (2020-21)(fn) .7 Invertible Matrices Mem 0. If A, Bare non-singular square matrices of the same ‘order, then (AB™!) (a) AB (b) AE () BA (d) AB (2022-23) 1-10 224 1. If A=|2 3 4JandB=|-4 2 -4), then jo 1 2 245 () ateB () at=68 ( ot=8 (a) et=ta (Term |, 2021-22)(i) HE 2 marks) 34 (ert, 2021-22)(f9) | 12. A= [3 a 3} show that A?~ 5A + 71 = O. Hence IfAissquare matrix such that A?= A, then (I+ A)"=7A find Ar, (2020-21) fi)os 3.3 Types of Matrices Eee 1. IfAs[ojlisaskew-symmetricmatrixof order, then CBSE Sample () ar 0vij Questions fa) A (b) 1+A () I-A (d) 1 (erm!, 2021-22) Given that ae 6 Jonear 3l.then 1 a (a) 1407+ Py=0 (bt) 1-c?-py=0 (9 3-c-py=0 —d). 34a +fy=0 (Q a;=O,wherei=j — (d) aetouberei} (Term 1,2024-22) (88) a+b 0-261 4 -3] thon mack) 2 WE hls Fah thenvatue of | BEM atb-c42dis | 8. IF Aand B are matrices of order 3 x n and mx 5 3s m0 © 4 2 respectively, then find the order of matrix SA ~ 3B, (Term, 2021-22)(fp] _-—~Biventhatitisdefned. (2020-21) (fi) 3. Given that matrices A and B are of order 3 xn and 9, mx: respectively, then the order of matrixC = 5A+3Bis Given that A is a square matrix of order 3 x 3 and [Al =~4. Find lad Al. (2020-21) it] (a) 3xSandm=n — (b) 3x5 . : ( 3x3 (@) 5x5 (fermi.2021-22) | 3.7 Invertible Matrices i Mem 3.4 Operations on Matrices i ey 10. If A, Bare non-singular square matrices of the same 7 order, then (AB*}}"? = a square matrix of order 2 such that (a) aig (b) AB? () BAY) AB (2022-23) 1-1 0) 22-4 w [Te [2 27@ ft Aya [2 oy te WAa|2 9 4fande=|4 2-4) then 10 0 0 10 joa} 012 2-15 (erm |, 2021-22) (a) At=B {b) At=6B 02 0 30 1 at | -| () BteB @) stata wae? 2)actae[®, enters HO @and brespectvely are {emt 2021-22) () (a) ~6,~12,-18 (b) 6-4-9 BERT 2 mart) () -64,9 (a) ~6,12,18 ar (erm, 2021-22)(%)) | 12. a . 3} show that A?~ 5A +71 = 0. Hence If Aissquare matrix such that A?= A,then(I+A)"- 7A isequal to find Art. (2020-23) (fa) Detailed | SOl LUTIONS | 1 Here, on = [(1)? = Af = 0, oy = Ia)? - 2) = 52. possible. Each entry has 3 choices i.e., 1, 2 or 3. So, the number of ways to make such matrices is 3x 3x 3x3= 81. Opq * [(2P - 1] = Sanday = [(2)?- 2] =2 2 Rexiedmate [23] cEm@ ‘2 Amatrixiswritten as A-[ where 94 is an element lying in the 2 row andj column. 3. Here, oy GH * oy = 23 5 tFor As, matrix is of order 2 x 2, so there are 4 entries 2-3)Mathematics - PYP... 2 Og =$l-9942]——[Fori=3,j=2} 1 1 ? =HessaiedirieZ av wtlo 3] By equality of two matrices, we get X-ye= 4,284, 2x-y=0,w=5S Solving these equations forxand y, we get xedy=2 2. xtye14+2=3, amg D Two matrices A = [og] and B « (bare said to equal if they are of asame order ando,= by Vi, ne (284 98) 202 b+2 ) "Le +) 8 «8b, By equality of two matrices, we get 0+4=20+2,3b=b+2,-6=a-8b ‘Onsolving these equations, we get a= 2,b= 1. 6 Give S0,a-2b=0. 7. Here, fee 4 } 7 | 246 xtyl lo 6. By equality of two matrices, we get X-Y=BW= 4,24 6=0,xty=6 = 22-6 xty=baoxtyt2=6-6=0. 8 © caer the ] 11. ro rik Fleet 4 (On comparing, we get x@=tandx+192 = x=42andx=1 axed 7 % (ds é 1 Pe 0 Ee o alle se xtytzeb ytze3 z=2 yt2=3 [Using {id and (i) yet afi x+1+2=6 [Using x=3 So, 2+y-z=(2x3)+1-2=641-285 a7, 214 10. (bl: Wehave, lls] ™ KH] 2xesy Lo = xt2y=4 ) and 2e45y*9 Solving () and (ij,wegetx=2,y=4 )) (ill) and (iv)] uuuy fii) 4. (a):Given that A?=A Consider (I+ A)? ~ 3A =P +A2+2A-3A =I+A+2A~3A fe P= LA? =A (given)] *I 2. (a) 3. (a): Consider C(AtB ie, Coes Vas B’2ea) =Caaa(A+ Bons Here, number of columns in the matrix Cis 3 and number f rowsin the matrix (A+ B) is 2.So, tis not defined. 4. (d) | 15. (o):Wehave,A?= A Now. (I= AP +A= (I-AA) =A) +A (e-1-A-A-1FA-AML- AEA (I-A-AtAl-a)tA [ee FASALT=Aand =A] (I AMI-A)+A (-1-1-A-A-1HA-AVEA (-A-A+A)+A=(-A)+AzI 6. (a):Consider, AB=[2_ -3 offen 2 2 nd X¥=[1 2 34/3 4 sean AB + XY =[8]+ [20] = [28] 2 17. Consider, AB=[1 0 «fs eerste 6. 2 -f [1-8 18. Wehave,}1 Of] As|1 -2) bi eLvt al ‘The order of matrix A should be 2 x 2. vr ve. Goons “ranean? 4] oft HS oof SHE 20. Grenaree[? 2] ‘| fot 4 “Lo =1 (i) ~ (i), we get 2 Oj f-2 2 of He 4) (20-1) = of 3] “U3Mathematics - PYP... From (i) 26, Here. (x 4(%, so 4 2 {ft 4 Es i 1) a ahs 23 Flava 173, = 2k-K+4-(-B) = 0x9 2x?- 320 21. Given,A?=1 > MH16= Boxed The simplified value of (A~=1}?+(A+2-7A whichis the required positive value of x. 2 A9-P- 34214 300+ A1+ P+ 30714 3AR—7A 27. Wehave,A?+1= kA = 283+ 6AP~7A= 2AA?+ 6Al-7A =f Al “Ho HP ‘] = 2Al+6A~7A=2A-AaA 7 3 - . a a ery c= osha? > LAwA-l=Aand Atl [2 +} ie 2] “100-174 " 3 22. Given, A=[2 1 fs a || af? 2 E fy 2] pe ew neeT, 4 2 7 1 2 off) w[-2-1 143-243] 0] =[-3 4 alo 28, Given,[1 2 112 0 1f2|=0 2 ot 1 0 allx =[-3+0-1}=[-4] ‘The order of matrixA = 1% 1 = 6 2 aff po-ovseaeo-se- 23. Given, teal, gkost-2 alfo 0} i Ao ae 29. Let a-| I BandCarematricesoforder2x3] = x-2205 x22 ee Given,2A-38+5C=0 [Commonly Made Mistake (A) = 2A+38-5C = A=ti38-5¢] fi) D Check the order of matrices before multiplying two mares Now, 38-! sc=sl2 Be : a fo g ql 1 : ye 5 els é sal From(i),we get A= wm wormed Mf tHe §] lo ado ikke 3] = iM Bty li ‘I 10 axet} [40 5. ‘On comparing the corresponding elements, we get 8+y=Oand 2+ 1=5 => y=-Band x=2 23 2 nyesbet0 3 | 24 2 IEA [olan is a matrix and k is a scalar, then KA is | [see 2-446 va (: 4 | 4 123 10. Wehave,A=|3 -2 1 another matrix which is obtained by multiplying each 3-644 64442 9-241] =] 1 12 8 element of A by the scalark. 446+4 8-442 124241] [14 6 15 19 4 e7]f1 2 3 PNow.AP=]1 12 8/13 -2 1 146 15}l4 2 1 [ee 38-8416 me] (a 46 “| 25. Here,A?=A Now, 7A ~ (I+ A)?= 7A ~ (I+) (1+ A) (+A) = TA-(I+A)(H+LAFAI+AA) TA-UHAMIFAFASA) (PASAT = Aand A?=Al = 7A~(I+A)(1+3A) = 7A~ (H+ (3A) + A+ AA) = 7A- (1438+ A+ 3A) =7A-1-7A=-1. 1436432 2-24416 341248 |=[69 6 23 14418+60 28-12+30 4246415] [92 46 63](63 46 69] [23 46 69] Now, A°-23A-<0!=|69 -6 23|-169 -46 23 192 46 63] [92 46 23 6 ° 0 40 00 69-69-0 6446-40 23-23-0 92-920 46=46-0 63-23-40) 0 0 oj =]0 0 of=0 00 o| Hence proved. (aes 46=46-0 a2] 31. Wehave, A: ’ 4) bale te ae pe aorSe bed] [30-7 aise med LD sa+8e=43 3b+8d-221"L0 ‘On comparing the corresponding elements, we get 2a+5c-3=0 and 3a 8c-43=0 Also, 2b+Sd=0 and 3b+ 8d- 22=0 Solving (i) and (i), we get a al=> def a te of a=-191,c=77 Solving (ii) and (iv), we get b= ~110,d=44 “ 191-110 mal 2 =) pa 38 32. Giventhat.| 1 g|as| 1-2) bial 2-1 1-8) “3 4). 9 22hsee As order of X is 3 x 2, then A should be of order! 2x2,so that we get Y matrix of order 3% 2. a 6 uetael? dl 2 4 yf 8 Now} 1 0 [ * 1 2 -3 asi 9 2 [ [rec med] [a 9 | webb HE 3} | (=, wabeaa] 9 22 (07 | Oncomparing the corresponding elements we get ° 2omcw=1 a 2b-d= (i * ant and b= -2 Substituting a= 1in| ‘and substituting b wegete=3 in (i, wegetd= 4 : satel! 20 3 33 com of : | aa | Now.A?=5A+4P 35 Tyo a) p20 3) 2 oo £3 sf UY ba oft a of ba of foot s 4 400 oa alls 5 oll o « p41 af 0 s][4 b 2 affio sha pa als +s olls @ Since,A?~5A+ 41+X=O= X=-(A?-5A+41) 11 3 xelr 310 5 4 2 | CEG 1 “5 isthe additiveidentity. | 34. The number of articles sold by each school can be | written in the matrix formas | pao 25 35 nfo ‘o =| 20 30 40) ‘The cost of each article can be written in the matrix form FasY=(25 100 50) | The fund collected by each schools given by 40-25 35 | YX=[25 100 wf 40 | =[7000 6125 7875} 20 30 40) Therefore, the funds collected by schools A, B and Care 7000, 6125 and ¥ 7875 respectively. | Thus, the total funds collected = (7000 + 6125 + 7875)=% 21000 ‘The situation highlights the helpingnatureof thestudents. 35, Let 2A, 8B and XC be the cost incurred by the | organisation for villages X. Y and Z respectively. Then, we | get the matrix equation as‘400 300 109 300 250 500 400 150| EH “Ete “400x50+300%20+100x40" 300x50+250x20+75%40 500x50+400%20+150%40, | -20,000+6,000+4,000] [30,000 =| 15,000+5,000+3,000 |=} 23,000 25,000+8,000+6,000] 39,000, ‘A#¥ 30,000, 8 = % 23,000 and C= 39,000 These are the costs incurred by the organisation for villages X, Yand Z respectively. ‘The value generated by the organisation in the society is, cleanliness. 2 The product of two matrices A and 8 is defined if the ‘number of columns of A is equal to the number of rows of8. -y cet c}e-[f 4 ae Al 36. Wehave, a; o Ite 2+b ] Consider (a+ [> ] tta Oita 0 ? -| eae [ete 2ila+6 al (say (rq? : Now,consider A? =[> 4-2 a bes i [e ond ef Al : 1 0 oP +b-a 2 Ase 4 + [e 4] ab=b el { eb=b Itis given that, (A+B)? = A? + B? (so? 4. a? b= “4 (2+bye-1) 4]"| ob-b ob ‘On comparing the corresponding elements, we get a-1=O=0=landb=4 ‘And (1+ 0)? = a?+ b= Land (2+ 6) (a~ 1}= ab bare also satisfied bya= Land b= 4 Therefore,a= 1 and b= 37. Thetotal Yisrepresentedinthe matrixequationby matrixCas, 4 x]_[1000 500 soo ped a y}"|3000 1000 10000] “leseit+a-2) (2+b\a-1) 4 TE 4] 4] J + 141! 241 1 4. a+b a-1 ant b =BA Pa ) unt spent by the party intwocities Xand | X]_[ 1000x140+500%200+5000%150 ¥ |" |3000%140+1000x200+10000%150, _[ 990000 J “L2120000! = X=990000paise, ¥ = 2120000 paise X=€9900and ¥= #21200 _ ie, Amount spent by the party in city X and Y are € 9900 | and % 21200 respectively. One should consider about the social activities of a political party before casting his/her vote. 1 2 146 Heretax af djfost alStf]-o 2x (x4 6) +3 (+32) = O= 2x? + 12x = 9x =0 | 38, = Bi+ 3x20 x(2x43)20 = x 39. ‘Trust fund = 35,000 Let xbe invested in the first bond and then z (35,000 - x) _ will be invested in the second bond. Interest paid on the first bond = 8% = 0.08 Interest paid on the second bond = 10% = 0.10 Total annual interest = 3,200 ; 0.08) _, In matrices.x 35.000 ¢9|-€92001 x% 0B + (35,000 - x) x0.10= 3,200 8 10 200755 #195,000- xb =3,200 8x + 3,50,000 - 10x 3,20,000 2x= 30,000 = x= 15,000 % 15,000 should be invested in the first bond and ¥ 35,000 = € 15,000 = & 20,000 should be invested in the second bond. | The values reflected in this question are: () Spiritof investment. (i) Giving charity to cancer patients. | Gil) Helping the orphans living in the society. 40. (b):Wehave,A= AT 5 x] [sy “ball | On comparing. we get x= y. | 41, (dh:Ae[1 23) “fl | So, AA=[1 2 >} 1 2 3 | 42, (b): We have, P’= 2P+1 Now.(P)'=(2P+1)'=2P+1 = PH2(2P+1)+1 b= Peapt3imP: | tees [Using (] 1cosa. 43, (by We rave.a=[ : || sina cosa andA+A’= cosa er] Jou e).ft 4] sina cosa}*|-sina cosa}"Lo 1. 2eosa 0 [1 Oj [ ° seal lo | 1 x = a=k 3 44, If Ais a matrix of order 3 x 2, then the order of the matrixA’is2*3, = 2osa=1 = cose=: 45. Asquare matrix Ais said tobe symmetric, ifA’= A. oat 46. Given, A=|-1 b 4 lnc 0. Aisaskew-symmetric matrix. A=-A 0 -1 -1] [0 -0 -1 sla b cle. -b -1 11 ojla - o Bycomparingon both sides, we geta= 1, be-b = 2b=0 = b=O;c=-1 Now, (a+b+c)?=(1+0-1)"=0 47. Asquare matrix Aissaid to be skewsymmetric matrix ifA’s-A 00 3 0 2 6 wonels dee 9 3] jb 1 0] bb a From (),A+A'=0 oo a -3}70 2 & =|2 0 -1}]0 © ilo b 1 of l3 = o| 0 240 b-3) [0 0 oO -[e2 2 “olf 2 b-3 0 «6 Slo o of => 0+2=0&b-3=0 -.a=-2&b=3 aig > IfA = [aj] be a mxn matrix, then the matrix obtained by interchanging the rows and columns of A is called the transpose of A. 2 3 a o 2b os so] fo 2-2 > fe: 3} 1 ‘} On comparing the corresponding elements, we get 4 Pissymmetricmatrix So, P=3(A+A? rif HE 2) ally of'ls 9. | _afa+3 547) 176 “21745 “if 2. 949] “2|12 18 Hence, the matrix P fi | 6 8 ft 6 9 HU Concept Applies > A square matrix A = [¢ A= A thatis [oj]= [aj] forall possible values of i andj. 50. We know that a square matrix A canbe writtenas | achtacatye taal. | Aaa AT)+SIA-AT) | Out of which dasa is symmetric and dana is skew symmetric matrix, |. Forthegiven matrix i 24 + 2 7% 2 124 65 4 i 41 -5 3 4 5 3 8 7 0 Hence, AwbtasaTre daa?) 2 2 2 11/2 -5/2 o 3/2 -7/2 clue 3 aida 0 772 Poe ea ee In above case, first is symmetric and the second is skew symmetric matrix. i [o al isa2x2symmetricas well as skew symmetric ° 2 is symmetric, then A'= A o 21/0 6-5x 6-5¥ x43 SH Oncomparing both sides, we get > 88 6-5xx2+5x- 60 (x+6)lx-1)=O0=x=-6,1 6-5x x4353. Given, acl? 5 i [2s 37 26] [36 28 20) 67 wo 5s if}4 16 4 L 36, [6 3s 42 34] [32 36 8 wale 5] 10 0 asael? ft p22 so 11 0 F816 zits 7\ ta. 34. | 0). 7 wf? at 0 0 OF “ vsare[i ua aa = (AAV =A+A’ 9 0 oO lence, A?- 4A? - 3A+ 111=0 | Now, AHA? = 4a? - 3A + 111) =A10 4. (A+A‘) isasymmetric matrix. i 3Hs oH ‘a [3 AA4A-3AAS LIAO AP 40-314 118 -1_ WAP +4A+3! (aay [5 ee ok (A-A) oe 1h 4 re i a7 ape ay ae = ia tintee em wef US IBS G=ZmriG -s -9 -el la @ izllo o 3. 3D Asquarematrix A= [a,]issaid tobe skewsymmetric if A’ = ~Aie.[04]=-[9}}for all possible values of /andj 5 3)) feat 5/11 3/22 a1 -s{[-] 7/11 t/a 5/11 54, Given,Aand Bare symmetric matrices. wt 6)) L-ayan t/a 6stt 2. At=AandB'=B i Now {ABA (A804 =181(48) iy, =(BA-AB)—[-A’=AandB’=B) EL. (:In a skew-symmetric matrix. the (i,j) element is negative of the (element. Hence, the (i,))"element =O. (1) =-(AB- BA) i f : ‘Thus,(AB-BA)'=-(AB-BA) 2. (a): From the defintion of equality of two matrices Hence,(AB - BA) is a skew symmetric matrix. | aethes cm e=the-a 55. LetA=[a,] be askew symmetric matrix. bo Se-d=41 4c+3d=24 iv) Then,a;*~ 05 Vij = 1s 1 => 20,0 05" OVI Sa=5 => a= 1,be2 FF Oyy# O72 Ogg Fn Ogg =O and (iv), we get 56. (c}:Wehave,A?-A+1=O 19¢=57=> c=3,d=4 Pre-multiplying with At on both sides, we get atb-c+2d=1+2-3+8=8 a (ATA) AWA AFA LATO = LAI AO = AtS-(A-DeI-A 13 2Yf1 3 27/9 7 § 57, A?=|2 0 -2]l2 0 -tf}1 4 2 12 3)l1 2 sails 9 9 13 27/9 7 5] [28 37 26] A]2 0 -1]/1 4 1[-l10 5 4 1 2 3ils 9 9}|35 42 34 3. (b): We know that the sum of two matrices is defined nly if both matrices have same order. Here SA + 3Bis defined if Aand B have same order. = 3xnemx5 > n=5,m=3 0, order of matrix Cis 3x Sand m¢n. (1) 4. (d): Wehave, A= E 3] oO 1 0+1 0+0]_[1 0 a alt a (eto sort fe il wu 28 37 26) [9 7 5 vn anata 5 bE 4 1) 5. (0: Weave, a-[ as = kA] ig ad 35 42 89 9 © 3a] fo 13027) [1 0 OO} > tap xt [sx fl & 92 0 -Afett}O 20) | gk 24, 3a 2k, 2b= 3k 4 2 3) 10 0 4) ke-6a=-4,b=-9 (ct)6. (d): Wehave,(I+A)}-7A 1. (d): We have, = P+A3437A43IA?-7A=1+AA+3A+3A-7A 1-1 072 2 4 (2 APA); AB=]2 3 4i-4 2 4 =ISA+3A43A-7A1 (y 105 tee vaheca(ect 24440 2-240 44440 Rhee ee AT at 4-12+8 446-4 -8-12+20 i a ys } (° “ir 38 oat 0+2-2 00-4410 “a y allo pte’ ast a) Baks 3 0 0 ao eet Pie 0. lS 2. We have, [ ° oom 0 Ala 2 = at pye3 ad? 3 Wye § = 3-a?-fy+0 (1) Flea ila ais 3 8 For addition or subtraction of two matrices to be defined, the two matrices should be of same order. 3xn=mx5 = m=3andn=5 So, order of matrix (5A~ 36) is 3x 5.andmsn, (); 9. We know, ladjAl = |Al"-*, where n x nis the order of non-singular matrix A. ladj A] = (-4)?-*= 16 (1) 10. (c): We know that if A and Bare non-singular matries ‘of same order, then (AB t= BA (ABH? = (B70 = BA () 5 7 0} col 474 0 41 ~SA+71 “ME a 8 low, AMA? SA +71) "AAO => A-5I+7A420 = TA1=SI-A ewe He -< @