MODULE – 2

DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS – 2

1. Taylor’s and macalurin’s series expansion for one

variable :
* Taylor’s series

 Find the Taylor’s series expansion for (log cos x) about the
point π/3 upto 4th degree term.

 Expand (log e x) in powers of (x-1) and hence evaluate

(log e 1.1) correct to 4 - decimal places.

* Maclaurin’s series
 Using maclaurin’s series expand (tan x) upto the term
containing x5.

 Obtain maclaurin’s expansion of (log sec x).

 Expand (tan -1 x) as a series of x.

 Prove that √1+sin 2x = 1+ n - x2/2! – x3/3! + x4/4! + ….

 Obtain maclaurin’s expansion of log (1 + sin x) upto the

term containing x4.
  Obtain maclaurin’s expansion of the function (esin x) upto
the term containing x4.

 Obtain the maclaurin’s series of √1+ sin x.

 Using maclaurin’s series expand (ex cos x) .

 Obtain maclaurin’s series expand log (1+ ex ).

2. Indeterminate form S – L’ Hospital rule:

 Evaluate lim ( xex – log(1+x))/x2.

X-0

 Evaluate lim tan x . logx

X–0

 Evaluate lim (tan x/x)1/x^2 .

X–0

 Evaluate lim ( (ax + bx + cx)/3)1/x .

X–0

 Evaluate lim (1 - x2)1/log(1 – x) .

X–1

 Evaluate lim ((1x + 2x + 3x)/3)1/x .

X-0
  Evaluate lim (ax + x)1/x .
X–0

 Evaluate lim (tan x)tan2x .

X – π/2

 Evaluate lim ((ax + bx + cx + dx )/4)1/x .

X-0

 Evaluate lim (sin x/x)1/x^2 .

X-0

3. Partial Derivatives:

 If u = log (x3 + y3 + z3 – 3xyz) show that (∂/∂x + ∂/∂y + ∂/∂z)2

u = - 9/(x+y+z)2 .

 If xx yy zz = c show that x = y = z, ∂2z / ∂x∂y = - (x log ex)-1.

 If v = (x2 + y2 + z2)-1/2 prove that

∂2v/∂x2 + ∂2v/∂y2 + ∂2v/∂z2 = 0.

 If z (x+y) = x2 + y2 show that (∂z/∂x - ∂z/∂y)2 =

4(1- ∂z/∂x - ∂z/∂y).

 If u = y/x + z/x show that x∂u/∂x + y∂u/∂y + z∂u/∂z = 0.

  If v = log (x2 + y2 + z2) prove that
( x2 + y2 + z2)(∂2v/∂x2 + ∂2v/∂y2 + ∂2v/∂z2 ) = 2.

4. Total Derivative – Differentiation of Composite

Function :

 If z = u2 + v2 and u = at2 , v = 2at find dz/dt.

 If u = tan-1 (y/x) where x = et – et and y = et + e-t find du/dt.

 If u = y2 – 4ax where x = at2 , y = 2at find du/dt.

 If u = f(x,y) where x = r cosθ y = r sinθ, prove that

r ∂u/∂r = x ∂u/∂x + y ∂u/∂y and ∂u/∂θ = x ∂u/∂y – y ∂u/∂x .

 If u = F(x-y , y-z , z-x) prove that ∂u/∂x + ∂u/∂y + ∂u/∂z = 0.

 Z = f(x,y) and x = eu + e-v , y = e-u – ev prove that

∂z/∂u - ∂z/∂v = x ∂v/∂x – y ∂z/∂y.

 If u = f(x,y) and x = r cosθ , y = r sinθ prove that (∂u/∂x)2 +

(∂u/∂y)2 + (∂u/∂r)2 + 1/r2 (∂u/∂θ)2 .

 If u = f(2x – 3y , 3y – 4z , 4z – 2x) prove that

 (1/2 ∂u/∂x + 1/3 ∂u/∂y + 1/4 du/dz) = 0.
 If u = f(r,s,t) and r = x/y , s = y/z , t = z/x prove that
X ∂u/∂x + y ∂u/∂y + z ∂u/∂z = 0.

 If u = f (ey-z , ez-x , ex-y ) prove that ∂u/∂x + ∂u/∂y + ∂u/∂z = 0.

5. Jacobian and problems :

 If x = r cosθ , y = r sinθ find ∂(x,y)/∂(r,θ) and ∂(r,θ)/∂(x,y) .

 If u = 2xy and v = x2 – y2 and x = r cosθ , y = r sinθ prove that

∂(u,v)/∂(r,θ) = - 4r3.

 If x = r sinθcosφ , y = r sinθsinφ and z = r cos θ find

∂(x,y,z)/∂(r,θ,φ ).

 If u = x2 – y2 , v = 2xy and x = r cos θ , y = r sin θ find

∂(u,v)/∂(r,θ ).

 If u = x + 3y2 – z3 , v = 4x2yz , w = 2x2 – xy evaluate

∂(u,v,w)/∂(x,y,z) at (1,-1, 0) .

 If u = x2 + y2 + z2 , v = xy + yz + zx , w = x + y + z find
∂(u,v,w)/∂(x,y,z) .

 If u = x + y + z , xv = y + z , uvw = z show that

∂(x,y,z)/∂(u,v,w) = u2v .
6. Maxima and Minima for a function of two
variables :

 Find the extreme values of function f(x,y) = x3 + y3 – 3x – 12y

+20 .

 Find the extreme values of function f(x,y) = 2 (x – y)2 – x4 – y4 .

 Find the extreme values of f(x,y) = x3y3(1-x-y).

 Find the extreme values of f(x,y) = 2x2 – xy + y2 + 7x.

 Show that extreme values of f(x,y) = x3 + y3 – 3xy + 1 is

minimum at (1,1).

 A rectangular box open at the top is to have a volume of 32

cubic units. Find the dimension so that the total surface is a
minimum.
 TWO MARKS QUESTIONS

1.Find the stationary points of the curve x3 + y3-3x-12y +20.

2.Write down the formula for Maclaurin’s series in General term.
ax  bx
3.Find lim
x 0 x
du
4.Given u = f(𝑥, 𝑦); 𝑥 = 𝑓(𝑡), y = g(𝑡). What is dt ?
log x
5.Find lim
x  0 cos ecx

6.What is the value of fxy at (0,0) if f(𝑥, 𝑦) = ex log (1 + 𝑦)?

7.Evaluate lim (sin x) tan x
x 
2

8. What is the condition for the function f(x, y) to be maximum?

 11 x 
9.Evaluate lim x
x 1
𝜋
10.What is the value of fx at (0, ) if f(𝑥, 𝑦) = ex sin y?
2

ONE MARKS

𝜕 (𝑥,𝑦)
1. Given 𝑥 = 𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 and 𝑦 = 𝑟 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 , . What is J = 𝜕 (𝑟,𝜃) ?

(a) J = r (b) J=-r (c ) J= 1/r (d ) J=-1/r

𝜕2 𝑉
2. What is the value of if V = x 2 + y 2
𝜕𝑥 2

𝜕2 𝑉 𝜕2 𝑉 𝜕2 𝑉 𝜕2 𝑉
(a) 𝜕𝑥 2
= 2 (b) 𝜕𝑥 2
= −2(c ) 𝜕𝑥 2 = 4(d ) 𝜕𝑥 2 = −4

3. What is the value of Ux if U = log x 2 ?

1 −1 2 −2
(a) 𝑈𝑥 = (b) 𝑈𝑥 = (c ) 𝑈𝑥 = (d) 𝑈𝑥 =
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥

4. If 𝑢, 𝑣, are functions of two variables x, y then what is the 𝐽𝑎𝑐𝑜𝑏𝑖𝑎𝑛 of the transformation?
𝑢𝑥 𝑢𝑥 𝑢 𝑣 𝑢𝑥 𝑢𝑦
(a) 𝐽(𝑢,𝑣) = 1(b) 𝐽(𝑢,𝑣) = |𝑣 𝑣𝑥 |(c )𝐽(𝑢,𝑣) = |𝑣 |(d) 𝐽(𝑢,𝑣) = | 𝑣 𝑣𝑦 |
𝑥 𝑢 𝑥

5.If 𝑢, 𝑣, 𝑤 are functions of two variables x, y, z then what is 𝐽𝑎𝑐𝑜𝑏𝑖𝑎𝑛 of the transformation?
𝑢𝑥 𝑣𝑦 𝑤𝑧 𝑢𝑥 𝑢𝑦 𝑢𝑧
𝑢 𝑢𝑥
= | 𝑣𝑥 𝑣𝑦 𝑣𝑧 |(c ) 𝐽(𝑢,𝑣,𝑤) = | 𝑣𝑥 𝑣𝑦 𝑣𝑧 |(d) 𝐽(𝑢,𝑣) = | 𝑥
(a) 𝐽(𝑢,𝑣) = 1(b) 𝐽(𝑢,𝑣,𝑤) 𝑣𝑥 𝑣𝑥 |
𝑤𝑥 𝑤𝑦 𝑤𝑧 𝑤𝑥 𝑤𝑦 𝑤𝑧
 𝜋
6. What is the value of fx at (0, ) if f(𝑥, 𝑦) = ex sin y?
2

(a) 𝑓𝑥 = 0(b) 𝑓𝑥 = 1(c ) 𝑓𝑥 = −1(d) 𝑓𝑥 = 2

7. What is the value of fyy at (0,0) if f(𝑥, 𝑦) = ex cos y?

(a) 𝑓𝑦𝑦 = 0(b) 𝑓𝑦𝑦 = 1(c ) 𝑓𝑦𝑦 = −1(d)𝑓𝑦𝑦 = 2

8. What is the value of fxy at (0,0) if f(𝑥, 𝑦) = ex log (1 + 𝑦)?

(a) 𝑓𝑥𝑦 = 1(b) 𝑓𝑥𝑦 = 0 (c ) 𝑓𝑥𝑦 = −1 (d) 𝑓𝑥𝑦 = 2

9. What is the condition for the function f(x, y) to be saddle?

(a) 𝐴𝐶 − 𝐵2 > 0; 𝐴 < 0, 𝐶 < 0(b)𝐴𝐶 − 𝐵2 > 0; 𝐴 > 0, 𝐶 < 0

(c )𝐴𝐶 − 𝐵2 > 0; 𝐴 > 0, 𝐶 > 0(d) 𝐴𝐶 − 𝐵2 < 0;

10. What is the condition for the function f(x, y) to be maximum?

(a) 𝐴𝐶 − 𝐵2 > 0; 𝐴 < 0, 𝐶 < 0(𝑏)𝐴𝐶 − 𝐵2 > 0; 𝐴 > 0, 𝐶 < 0

(c )𝐴𝐶 − 𝐵2 > 0; 𝐴 > 0, 𝐶 > 0(d) 𝐴𝐶 − 𝐵2 < 0;

11.What is the condition for the function f(x, y) to be minimum?

(a) 𝐴𝐶 − 𝐵2 > 0; 𝐴 < 0, 𝐶 < 0(b) 𝐴𝐶 − 𝐵2 > 0; 𝐴 > 0, 𝐶 < 0

(c )𝐴𝐶 − 𝐵2 > 0; 𝐴 > 0, 𝐶 > 0(d) 𝐴𝐶 − 𝐵2 < 0;

12. Choose the correct relation for Lagrange's constrained maxima and minima.

(a) 𝐹 = 𝑓 + 𝜆(b) 𝐹 = 𝑓 + 𝜙(c ) 𝐹 = 𝑓 + 𝜆𝜙(d )𝐹 = 𝑓𝜙

𝜕𝑢
13.Given U = log √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 . What is the value of 𝜕𝑥
?
𝜕𝑢 −1 𝜕𝑢 1 𝜕𝑢 𝑥 𝜕𝑢 2𝑥
(a) 𝜕𝑥 = (b) 𝜕𝑥 = (c ) = 𝑥 2−𝑦2 (d) 𝜕𝑥 =
√𝑥 2−𝑦 2 √𝑥 2−𝑦 2 𝜕𝑥 √𝑥 2−𝑦 2

𝜕2 𝑉
14. Given V = sin(𝑥𝑦) . What is the value of ?
𝜕𝑥 2

𝜕2 𝑉 𝜕2 𝑉 𝜕2 𝑉 𝜕2 𝑉
(a) 𝜕𝑥 2 = − sin(𝑥𝑦) (b) 𝜕𝑥 2 = −𝑦 2 sin(𝑥𝑦) (c ) 𝜕𝑥 2
= 𝑦 2 sin(𝑥𝑦) (d) 𝜕𝑥 2 = sin(𝑥𝑦)

𝜕 (𝑢,𝑣) 𝜕 (𝑥,𝑦)
15.What is the value for the function 𝜕 (𝑥,𝑦)
× 𝜕 (𝑢,𝑣)
?

𝜕 (𝑢,𝑣) 𝜕 (𝑥,𝑦) 𝜕 (𝑢,𝑣) 𝜕 (𝑥,𝑦)

(a) 𝜕 (𝑥,𝑦) × 𝜕 (𝑢,𝑣)
= 0(a) 𝜕 (𝑥,𝑦) × 𝜕 (𝑢,𝑣)
=1

𝜕 (𝑢,𝑣) 𝜕 (𝑥,𝑦) 𝜕 (𝑢,𝑣) 𝜕 (𝑥,𝑦)

(c )𝜕 (𝑥,𝑦) × 𝜕 (𝑢,𝑣)
= −1(d) 𝜕 (𝑥,𝑦) × 𝜕 (𝑢,𝑣)
=∞

16.Given that u, v, w functionally dependent variables with x, y, z. What is the value of J =

𝜕 (𝑢,𝑣,𝑤)
𝜕 (𝑥,𝑦,𝑧)
?

(a) 𝐽 = 0(b) 𝐽 = 1(c) 𝐽 = −1(d) 𝐽 = ∞

du
17. Given u = f(𝑥, 𝑦); 𝑥 = 𝑓(𝑡), y = g(𝑡). What is ?
dt
 𝑑𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝑑𝑥 𝜕𝑢 𝑑𝑦
(a) = × (b) = × + ×
𝑑𝑡 𝜕𝑥 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝜕𝑥 𝑑𝑡 𝜕𝑦 𝑑𝑡

𝑑𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝑑𝑥 𝜕𝑢 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢
(c ) = × − × (d) =0
𝑑𝑡 𝜕𝑥 𝑑𝑡 𝜕𝑦 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡

du
18. Given u = f(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧); 𝑥 = 𝑓(𝑡), y = g(𝑡). , 𝑧 = ℎ(𝑡) What is dt ?

𝑑𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝑑𝑥 𝜕𝑢 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝑑𝑥 𝜕𝑢 𝑑𝑦
(a) 𝑑𝑡 = 𝜕𝑥 × 𝑑𝑡 + 𝜕𝑦 × 𝑑𝑡 (b) 𝑑𝑡 = 𝜕𝑥 × 𝑑𝑡 − 𝜕𝑦 × 𝑑𝑡

𝑑𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝑑𝑥 𝜕𝑢 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝑑𝑥 𝜕𝑢 𝑑𝑦 𝜕𝑢 𝑑𝑧
(c ) = × + × (d) = × + × + ×
𝑑𝑡 𝜕𝑥 𝑑𝑡 𝜕𝑦 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝜕𝑥 𝑑𝑡 𝜕𝑦 𝑑𝑡 𝜕𝑧 𝑑𝑡