MSO205A Mid Semester Examination (September 21, 2022)

Duration: 8:00am - 10:00am Maximum Marks: 30

Instructions:
1. Write your name and roll number clearly at the designated places on this question paper and
the answer-script. IITK student ID card must be carried in person for verification.
2. You may use books, notebooks, handwritten notes of classroom lectures and writing instru-
ments during the quiz. Usage of internet or any e-material (including e-books) is prohibited.
Electronic communication devices like mobile phones must be switched off and kept in the
place designated by the invigilators. The invigilators will not be responsible for loss of such a
device. If such a device is found on person during the quiz, appropriate action shall be taken.
Usage of calculators is not allowed.
3. Answers to Section 1 questions must be at the designated places on this question paper.
Answers to Section 2 questions must be on the answer-script. Submit both the question paper
and the answer-script at the end of the exam. Rough work for Section 1 may be done in the
answer-script – however, these will not be checked.
4. If your answer is not legible, then you shall not get credit.

Name:

Roll No.:

1. Section 1

Question 1: (1 + (2 + 2) + 2 + 1 + 2 marks) It is known that the function F : R → R, defined by




0, if x < 0,


αx + 81 , if 0 ≤ x ≤ 1,






F (x) = x6 + 12
1
, if 1 < x < 2,



βx − 12 , if 2 ≤ x ≤ 3,







1, otherwise

is a distribution function (DF) for some α, β ∈ R. Are α, β unique? Yes/No (underline the correct

answer). A possible value of (α, β) for which F is a DF is (α, β) = . For this

(α, β), let γ denote the number of discontinuity points of F . Then, 8α + 4β + 2γ =

and the corresponding random variable X is discrete/ continuous / neither discrete nor continuous

3
(underline the correct answer). Here, P(X > 2 | X ≤ 52 ) =
 Question 2: (2 marks) Consider the following two functions f, g : R → R defined by

 2x , if x ∈ {1, 2, 3, · · · }, 4 1
3
f (x) := g(x) := , ∀x ∈ R.
0, otherwise π 4 + x2
2

Choose the correct option below, by putting a tick (X) to get credit.
(i) f is a p.m.f. and g is a p.d.f.
(ii) g is a p.d.f., but f is not a p.m.f.
(iii) f is a p.m.f., but g is not a p.d.f.
(iv) f is not a p.m.f. and g is not a p.d.f.

2. Section 2: Descriptive type

Instructions: Answers to these questions should be in the answer-script.

Question 3: Answers to all the sub-parts should be kept together.
(i) (1 + 2 marks) Let X be a discrete random variable with the property that P(−1 < X ≤ 2) = 1.
Is X 2 also a discrete random variable? What can you say about the support of X 2 ?
(ii) (1 + 2 + 1 marks) A person plans to apply to 10 companies for a job. All the companies accept
applications only through online mode, but 2 of these companies also require an additional
supporting document to be sent by post. An application is considered to be complete once
it reaches the intended company along with the supporting document, if any. Assume that
online applications always reach the intended company, but the probability that a document
1
sent by post reaches the destination is 2. Further, assume that sending documents by post
to different destinations are independent. Let Y denote the number of completed applications
once the person sends the applications through online mode and documents by post. Identify
the support of the discrete random variable Y and compute the p.m.f. of Y . Also compute
2EY 2 − EY .
(iii) (2 marks) Suppose that all the cards numbered 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 have been removed from a
standard deck of cards and that three cards have been drawn at random from the remaining
thirty-two cards. Given that at least two cards are from the diamond suite, what is the
probability that all cards are from the diamond suite? You may write your answer as a
fraction. (Note: binomial coefficients in the answer will not be acceptable.)
Question 4: Answers to all the sub-parts should be kept together.
(i) (4 + 2 marks) Consider a continuous random variable X with the p.d.f.

2 exp(−2x), if x > 0,
fX (x) =
0, otherwise.

Compute the distribution function of Y = |X − 1|. Is Y a continuous random variable with a

p.d.f.? Justify your answer.
(ii) (3 marks) Let Z be a continuous random variable with p.d.f. fZ such that P(Z ≤ 0) = 0 and
EZ < ∞. What can you say about limn→∞ nP(Z > n)? Justify your answer. (Note: if you
simply compute the limit for specific random variables Z, then no marks will be provided.)
 MSO205A Mid Semester Examination (September 21, 2022)
Duration: 8:00am - 10:00am Maximum Marks: 30
Instructions:
1. Write your name and roll number clearly at the designated places on this question paper and
the answer-script. IITK student ID card must be carried in person for verification.
2. You may use books, notebooks, handwritten notes of classroom lectures and writing instru-
ments during the quiz. Usage of internet or any e-material (including e-books) is prohibited.
Electronic communication devices like mobile phones must be switched off and kept in the
place designated by the invigilators. The invigilators will not be responsible for loss of such a
device. If such a device is found on person during the quiz, appropriate action shall be taken.
Usage of calculators is not allowed.
3. Answers to Section 1 questions must be at the designated places on this question paper.
Answers to Section 2 questions must be on the answer-script. Submit both the question paper
and the answer-script at the end of the exam. Rough work for Section 1 may be done in the
answer-script – however, these will not be checked.
4. If your answer is not legible, then you shall not get credit.

Name:

Roll No.:

1. Section 1

Question 1: (1 + (2 + 2) + 2 + 1 + 2 marks) It is known that the function F : R → R, defined by




0, if x < 0,


βx + 18 , if 0 ≤ x ≤ 1,






F (x) = x6 + 12
1
, if 1 < x < 2,



αx − 21 , if 2 ≤ x ≤ 3,







1, otherwise

is a distribution function (DF) for some α, β ∈ R. Are α, β unique? Yes/No (underline the correct

answer). A possible value of (α, β) for which F is a DF is (α, β) = . For this

(α, β), let γ denote the number of discontinuity points of F . Then, 8α + 4β + 2γ =

and the corresponding random variable X is discrete/ continuous / neither discrete nor continuous

3
(underline the correct answer). Here, P(X > 2 | X ≤ 52 ) =
 Question 2: (2 marks) Consider the following two functions f, g : R → R defined by

 2x , if x ∈ {1, 2, 3, · · · }, 42 1
3
f (x) := g(x) := , ∀x ∈ R.
0, otherwise π 4 + x2
2

Choose the correct option below, by putting a tick (X) to get credit.
(i) f is a p.m.f. and g is a p.d.f.
(ii) g is a p.d.f., but f is not a p.m.f.
(iii) f is a p.m.f., but g is not a p.d.f.
(iv) f is not a p.m.f. and g is not a p.d.f.

2. Section 2: Descriptive type

Instructions: Answers to these questions should be in the answer-script.

Question 3: Answers to all the sub-parts should be kept together.
(i) (1 + 2 marks) Let X be a discrete random variable with the property that P(−1 < X ≤ 2) = 1.
Is X 2 also a discrete random variable? What can you say about the support of X 2 ?
(ii) (1 + 2 + 1 marks) A person plans to apply to 10 companies for a job. All the companies accept
applications only through online mode, but 2 of these companies also require an additional
supporting document to be sent by post. An application is considered to be complete once
it reaches the intended company along with the supporting document, if any. Assume that
online applications always reach the intended company, but the probability that a document
1
sent by post reaches the destination is 2. Further, assume that sending documents by post
to different destinations are independent. Let Y denote the number of completed applications
once the person sends the applications through online mode and documents by post. Identify
the support of the discrete random variable Y and compute the p.m.f. of Y . Also compute
2EY 2 − EY .
(iii) (2 marks) Suppose that all the cards numbered 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 have been removed from a
standard deck of cards and that three cards have been drawn at random from the remaining
thirty-two cards. Given that at least two cards are from the diamond suite, what is the
probability that all cards are from the diamond suite? You may write your answer as a
fraction. (Note: binomial coefficients in the answer will not be acceptable.)
Question 4: Answers to all the sub-parts should be kept together.
(i) (4 + 2 marks) Consider a continuous random variable X with the p.d.f.

2 exp(−2x), if x > 0,
fX (x) =
0, otherwise.

Compute the distribution function of Y = |X − 1|. Is Y a continuous random variable with a

p.d.f.? Justify your answer.
(ii) (3 marks) Let Z be a continuous random variable with p.d.f. fZ such that P(Z ≤ 0) = 0 and
EZ < ∞. What can you say about limn→∞ nP(Z > n)? Justify your answer. (Note: if you
simply compute the limit for specific random variables Z, then no marks will be provided.)
 MSO205A Mid Semester Examination (September 21, 2022)
Duration: 8:00am - 10:00am Maximum Marks: 30
Instructions:
1. Write your name and roll number clearly at the designated places on this question paper and
the answer-script. IITK student ID card must be carried in person for verification.
2. You may use books, notebooks, handwritten notes of classroom lectures and writing instru-
ments during the quiz. Usage of internet or any e-material (including e-books) is prohibited.
Electronic communication devices like mobile phones must be switched off and kept in the
place designated by the invigilators. The invigilators will not be responsible for loss of such a
device. If such a device is found on person during the quiz, appropriate action shall be taken.
Usage of calculators is not allowed.
3. Answers to Section 1 questions must be at the designated places on this question paper.
Answers to Section 2 questions must be on the answer-script. Submit both the question paper
and the answer-script at the end of the exam. Rough work for Section 1 may be done in the
answer-script – however, these will not be checked.
4. If your answer is not legible, then you shall not get credit.

Name:

Roll No.:

1. Section 1

Question 1: (1 + (2 + 2) + 2 + 1 + 2 marks) It is known that the function F : R → R, defined by




0, if x < 0,


αx + 81 , if 0 ≤ x ≤ 1,






F (x) = x6 + 12
1
, if 1 < x < 2,



βx − 12 , if 2 ≤ x ≤ 3,







1, otherwise

is a distribution function (DF) for some α, β ∈ R. Are α, β unique? Yes/No (underline the correct

answer). A possible value of (α, β) for which F is a DF is (α, β) = . For this

(α, β), let γ denote the number of discontinuity points of F . Then, 8α + 4β + 2γ =

and the corresponding random variable X is discrete/ continuous / neither discrete nor continuous

3
(underline the correct answer). Here, P(X > 2 | X ≤ 52 ) =
 Question 2: (2 marks) Consider the following two functions f, g : R → R defined by

 2x , if x ∈ {1, 2, 3, · · · }, 42 1
3
f (x) := g(x) := , ∀x ∈ R.
0, otherwise π 4 + x2
2

Choose the correct option below, by putting a tick (X) to get credit.
(i) f is a p.m.f. and g is a p.d.f.
(ii) g is a p.d.f., but f is not a p.m.f.
(iii) f is a p.m.f., but g is not a p.d.f.
(iv) f is not a p.m.f. and g is not a p.d.f.

2. Section 2: Descriptive type

Instructions: Answers to these questions should be in the answer-script.

Question 3: Answers to all the sub-parts should be kept together.
(i) (1 + 2 marks) Let X be a discrete random variable with the property that P(−1 < X ≤ 2) = 1.
Is X 2 also a discrete random variable? What can you say about the support of X 2 ?
(ii) (1 + 2 + 1 marks) A person plans to apply to 10 companies for a job. All the companies accept
applications only through online mode, but 2 of these companies also require an additional
supporting document to be sent by post. An application is considered to be complete once
it reaches the intended company along with the supporting document, if any. Assume that
online applications always reach the intended company, but the probability that a document
1
sent by post reaches the destination is 2. Further, assume that sending documents by post
to different destinations are independent. Let Y denote the number of completed applications
once the person sends the applications through online mode and documents by post. Identify
the support of the discrete random variable Y and compute the p.m.f. of Y . Also compute
2EY 2 − EY .
(iii) (2 marks) Suppose that all the cards numbered 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 have been removed from a
standard deck of cards and that three cards have been drawn at random from the remaining
thirty-two cards. Given that at least two cards are from the diamond suite, what is the
probability that all cards are from the diamond suite? You may write your answer as a
fraction. (Note: binomial coefficients in the answer will not be acceptable.)
Question 4: Answers to all the sub-parts should be kept together.
(i) (4 + 2 marks) Consider a continuous random variable X with the p.d.f.

2 exp(−2x), if x > 0,
fX (x) =
0, otherwise.

Compute the distribution function of Y = |X − 1|. Is Y a continuous random variable with a

p.d.f.? Justify your answer.
(ii) (3 marks) Let Z be a continuous random variable with p.d.f. fZ such that P(Z ≤ 0) = 0 and
EZ < ∞. What can you say about limn→∞ nP(Z > n)? Justify your answer. (Note: if you
simply compute the limit for specific random variables Z, then no marks will be provided.)
 MSO205A Mid Semester Examination (September 21, 2022)
Duration: 8:00am - 10:00am Maximum Marks: 30
Instructions:
1. Write your name and roll number clearly at the designated places on this question paper and
the answer-script. IITK student ID card must be carried in person for verification.
2. You may use books, notebooks, handwritten notes of classroom lectures and writing instru-
ments during the quiz. Usage of internet or any e-material (including e-books) is prohibited.
Electronic communication devices like mobile phones must be switched off and kept in the
place designated by the invigilators. The invigilators will not be responsible for loss of such a
device. If such a device is found on person during the quiz, appropriate action shall be taken.
Usage of calculators is not allowed.
3. Answers to Section 1 questions must be at the designated places on this question paper.
Answers to Section 2 questions must be on the answer-script. Submit both the question paper
and the answer-script at the end of the exam. Rough work for Section 1 may be done in the
answer-script – however, these will not be checked.
4. If your answer is not legible, then you shall not get credit.

Name:

Roll No.:

1. Section 1

Question 1: (1 + (2 + 2) + 2 + 1 + 2 marks) It is known that the function F : R → R, defined by




0, if x < 0,


βx + 18 , if 0 ≤ x ≤ 1,






F (x) = x6 + 12
1
, if 1 < x < 2,



αx − 21 , if 2 ≤ x ≤ 3,







1, otherwise

is a distribution function (DF) for some α, β ∈ R. Are α, β unique? Yes/No (underline the correct

answer). A possible value of (α, β) for which F is a DF is (α, β) = . For this

(α, β), let γ denote the number of discontinuity points of F . Then, 8α + 4β + 2γ =

and the corresponding random variable X is discrete/ continuous / neither discrete nor continuous

3
(underline the correct answer). Here, P(X > 2 | X ≤ 52 ) =
 Question 2: (2 marks) Consider the following two functions f, g : R → R defined by

 2x , if x ∈ {1, 2, 3, · · · }, 4 1
3
f (x) := g(x) := , ∀x ∈ R.
0, otherwise π 4 + x2
2

Choose the correct option below, by putting a tick (X) to get credit.
(i) f is a p.m.f. and g is a p.d.f.
(ii) g is a p.d.f., but f is not a p.m.f.
(iii) f is a p.m.f., but g is not a p.d.f.
(iv) f is not a p.m.f. and g is not a p.d.f.

2. Section 2: Descriptive type

Instructions: Answers to these questions should be in the answer-script.

Question 3: Answers to all the sub-parts should be kept together.
(i) (1 + 2 marks) Let X be a discrete random variable with the property that P(−1 < X ≤ 2) = 1.
Is X 2 also a discrete random variable? What can you say about the support of X 2 ?
(ii) (1 + 2 + 1 marks) A person plans to apply to 10 companies for a job. All the companies accept
applications only through online mode, but 2 of these companies also require an additional
supporting document to be sent by post. An application is considered to be complete once
it reaches the intended company along with the supporting document, if any. Assume that
online applications always reach the intended company, but the probability that a document
1
sent by post reaches the destination is 2. Further, assume that sending documents by post
to different destinations are independent. Let Y denote the number of completed applications
once the person sends the applications through online mode and documents by post. Identify
the support of the discrete random variable Y and compute the p.m.f. of Y . Also compute
2EY 2 − EY .
(iii) (2 marks) Suppose that all the cards numbered 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 have been removed from a
standard deck of cards and that three cards have been drawn at random from the remaining
thirty-two cards. Given that at least two cards are from the diamond suite, what is the
probability that all cards are from the diamond suite? You may write your answer as a
fraction. (Note: binomial coefficients in the answer will not be acceptable.)
Question 4: Answers to all the sub-parts should be kept together.
(i) (4 + 2 marks) Consider a continuous random variable X with the p.d.f.

2 exp(−2x), if x > 0,
fX (x) =
0, otherwise.

Compute the distribution function of Y = |X − 1|. Is Y a continuous random variable with a

p.d.f.? Justify your answer.
(ii) (3 marks) Let Z be a continuous random variable with p.d.f. fZ such that P(Z ≤ 0) = 0 and
EZ < ∞. What can you say about limn→∞ nP(Z > n)? Justify your answer. (Note: if you
simply compute the limit for specific random variables Z, then no marks will be provided.)