Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
REGION III – CENTRAL LUZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF PAMPANGA

“The Happy World”

Pre-Calculus Module 5

JONALYN B. CORREA
SPECIAL SCIENCE TEACHER I
WRITER

JANE P. VALENCIA, ED.D.

EPS I-MATHEMATICS
Topic: Hyperbola

Learning Competencies:

• define a hyperbola (STEM_PC11AG-Id-1)

• determine the standard form of equation of a hyperbola (STEM_PC11AG-Id-2)

• graph a hyperbola in a rectangular coordinate system (STEM_PC11AG-Id-3)

Happiness is accepting and understanding the

ups and downs in life.

In this journey, we will be facing challenges for

us to stay happy.
Meet Hara, Mira, Anri and Bert. They will be
your companions in this learning.
 Guide Card
A hyperbola sort of looks like two parabolas that point at each other, and is the set of
points whose distances from two fixed points (the foci) inside the hyperbola is always
the same, d1 − d2 = 2a. The distance 2a is called the focal radii distance, focal constant,
or constant difference, and a is the distance between the center of the hyperbola to a
vertex.

The length of the axis in which the hyperbola lies (called the transverse axis) is 2a, and
this is along the x-axis for a horizontal hyperbola. Again, the distance from the center
of the hyperbola to a vertex is a, so the vertices are at (±a,0).

The length of the conjugate axis is 2b, and note that a does not have to be bigger than
b, like it does for an ellipse. (The distance from the center of the hyperbola to a co-
vertex is b). Also note where the b is not on the hyperbola; it is on what we call the
central rectangle (or fundamental rectangle) of the hyperbola (whose diagonals are
asymptotes for the hyperbola). Thus, the conjugate axis is along the y-axis for a
horizontal hyperbola, and the co-vertices are at (0,±b).

The focuses or foci always lie inside the curves on the major axis, and the distance from
the center to a focus is c.

Sometimes you will be asked to get the eccentricity of a hyperbola c/a, which is a
measure of how “straight” or “stretched” the hyperbola is.

Note also that, like for an ellipse, the focal width (focal chord, or focal rectum) of an el-
lipse is 2b2/a; this the distance perpendicular to the major axis that goes through the
focus.
Hyperbola: center at the origin, foci on the xaxis.
Suppose a hyperbola has equation, in standard form,
where a > 0, b > 0. Let c =

The graph has the following properties:

1. Its center C is the origin.
2. The transverse axis is on the x-axis and has length 2a, its endpoints are
the vertices V1(-a, 0) and V2(a, 0).
3. The hyperbola has two branches, one opening to the left, and the other to
the right.
4. The two foci are F1(-c, 0) and F2(c, 0), on the x-axis.
5. For any point on the hyperbola, the difference of its distances from the
two foci is 2a.
6. Draw the rectangle with left and right sides through the vertices, and the
horizontal sides b units below and above C. The two lines through the di-
agonals are the asymptotes of the hyperbola:
Here are two different “directions” of hyperbolas and the generalized equations for each:
EXAMPLE 1. Find the equation, in standard form, of the hyperbola having the described
features. Sketch the hyperbola, and determine the foci, vertices, and asymptotes
a) foci (-3, 0) and (3, 0), and for any point in the hyperbola, its distances from the foci
differ by 4

b) asymptotes y = , and a vertex (-6, 0)

c) vertices (-6, 5) and (2, 5), and a focus(-8, 5)
Solutions
a) The center is C(0, 0), the midpoint of the foci F 1(-3, 0) and F2(3, 0). Thus, c = 3. Since
the difference of the distances from the foci, of any point, is 2a = 4, then a = 2. The
vertices are then V1(-2, 0) and V2(2, 0). From c2 = a2 + b2, we have
The equation of the hyperbola is

Solving for y yields y = , the equation of the asymptotes. These

can be drawn by extending the diagonals of the rectangle with center at C, two
vertical sides through vertices, and two horizontal sides units away from the
center. See Figure 3.
b) The two asymptotes intersect at the origin, so this is the center of the hyperbola.
Since one vertex is V1(-6, 0), then a = 6, and the other vertex is V 2(6, 0). Since the
slopes of the asymptotes are we equate Since a = 6, then b = 8, and the

hyperbola has equation

Figure 3
In this case, the foci are =10 units way from the center, so these are
F1(-10, 0) and F2(10,0). The asymptotes can then be drawn from the diagonals of the
rectangle whose two vertical sides pass through the vertices, and whose horizontal
sides are b = 8 units away from the center. See Figure 4.

Figure 4

C.)
 Figure 5

EXAMPLE 2

A hyperbola has foci F1(0, -4) and F2(0, 4), and it consists of points, the difference of
whose distances from two foci is 4.8. Find the equation of the hyperbola. Identify its
vertices, center, and asymptotes.
 Figure 6

EXAMPLE 3
Write the equation of the hyperbola in standard form. Sketch the hyperbola, and de-
termine the foci, vertices, and asymptotes.
a) 7x2 - 9y2 - 28x + 18y = 44
b) 4x2 - 9y2 + 16x + 54y = 29

Solutions
a) We complete the square first.
7x2 - 28x - 9y2 + 18y = 44
7(x2 - 4x) - 9(y2 - 2y) = 44
7(x2 - 4x + 4) - 9(y2 - 2y + 1) = 44 + 7(4) - 9(1)
7(x - 2)2 - 9(y - 1)2 = 63
b.)
EXAMPLE 4

Problem:

Identify the center, vertices, foci, and equation of the

asymptotes of the following hyperbolas, then graph:
(a)
(b)
 Activity Card
Graph the hyperbola of each item. Determine its foci, vertices, and
asymptotes.

1. 2. 9x2 - 4y2 = 36 3.

4. 5. 4x2 - 25y2 - 24x = 64

Creativity brings happi-

ness for some people.
Graph all you can.
 Assessment Card
Find the equation, in standard form, of the hyperbola with the given specific features.

1. foci(-3, 1) and (7, 1), transverse axis of length 4 units

2. foci (0, -4) and (0, 4), through (-3, 5)
3. asymptotes horizontal transverse axis of length 12 units
4. foci (5, -2) and (5, 10), the difference of the distances if any point from the foci is 4 units

5. center (-1, 2), vertex(2, 2), focus(-5, 2)

Enrichment Card

Given the following graphs, determine its Standard Form.

1 2 3

4
Achievements
define happiness
for some people.
Try to solve these
to uplift your
mood.
 Reference Card

1. Pre-calculus by Ian June L. Garces, Richard

Eden, and Debbie Marie Verzosa pp. 15-17
2. https://www.shelovesmath.com/precal/conics/
#Hyperbolas

Answer Card

Activity Card
1. Foci (-6, 0), (6, 0) 2
1
Vertices (-5, 0), (5, 0)

Asymptotes:

2. Foci: (- , 0) ≈ (-3.6, 0),

Vertices: (-2, 0), (2, 0)

3 4
Asymptotes:

3. Foci: (-10, 0), (10, 0)

Vertices: (-6, 0), (6, 0)

Asymptotes:

4. Foci: (-4, 2), (-4, 8) Vertices:

Gratitude is the key 5
(-4, 1), (-4, 7) Asymptotes: happiness for all.
Thank you for

5. Foci:

Vertices: (-2, 0), (8, 0)

Asymptotes:
Assessment Card Enrichment Card

1. 1.

2. 2.

3. 3.

4. 4.

5.

“THANK YOU!”

“All Glory
belongs
to God”