CHAPTER-LIVING ORGANISMS

Q1There are millions of plants and animals in the world and they have local names which vary
place to place and country to country, in different languages. In a need to standardize the
naming of living organisms such that a particular organism is known by the same name all over
the world , the scientists have established procedures and principles to assign scientific names.
a) What is nomenclature ?
b) Expand ICBN and ICZN.
c) Indicate the value learnt from this concept.
Q2 If you look around you see large varieties of living organisms with naked eyes and microbes
with the help of microscopes. Classification of all these is not a single step process, but involve
a hierarchy of steps where each step represent a rank or category.
a) What is taxonomic hierarchy ?
b) Name the lowest category and highest category in the hierarchy.
c) What is the value shown by arranging the organisms in these categories ?
Q3 Taxonomists have developed a variety of taxonomic aids to facilitate identification and
naming of organisms. These studies are carried out from the actual specimens collected from
the field or those preserved as referrals.
a) Name any four forms of taxonomic aids. Of these, where can you find live specimens?
b) What are taxonomic keys ?
c) Indicate the value learnt from such aids.
Q4 When we try to define ‘living’ we look for certain distinctive characters exhibited by living
organisms ; they include, growth reproduction , ability to sense the environment and respond ,
interact, metabolism.
a) Certain properties like reproduction and growth cannot be taken as overall defining
characters of living organisms. Give reasons
b) Mention two characters that can be defining properties of life forms.
c) What value you attach to living ?
Q5 Taxonomy is not something new, human beings are interested in knowing more and more
about the various kinds of organisms, especially with reference to their own use; hence the
earliest classification were based on the uses of various organisms.
a) What is syatematics ?
b) What is scope of syatematics as of today ?
c) What forms the basis of modern taxonomy ?
d) Indicate the value shown by this branch of biology.
 CHAPTER-BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION
Q1 In five kingdom system of Whitteker how many kingdoms are eukaryotes ?
Q2 Though bacteria have the simplest structure , they are very complex in behavior. Bacteria
as a group shows extensive metabolic diverdity.
a) Give two points to substantiate that bacteria show extensive metabolic diversity.
b) Which of the two – autotrophs or heterotrophs are abundant in nature.
Q3 The boundaries of kingdom protista are not well defined. The kingdom forms link with
other kingdoms of Fungi, plantate and animalia.
a) Why is kingdom protista considered an artificial assemblage of organisms.
b) How do slime mould resemble fungi on one hand and Amoeba like organisms on the
other hand.
Q4 Differentiate between Virus and viriods.
Q5 Why is the need for classifying organisms ?
Q6 How did Aristotle classify plants and animals?
Q7 Why is two kingdom classification was found to be insufficient ?
Q8 What is two kingdom classification ? Who proposed it ?
Q9 Give two examples where fungi are found as symbionts .
Q10 What is the major difference between conidia and sporangiophore ?
 CHAPTER- PLANT KINGDOM
Q1Fill in the blank A and B. Besides chlorophyll the pigment present in red algae is (A) and in
brown algae is (B).
Q2 Why are bryophytes called amphibians of plant kingdom ?
Q3 In bryophytes male and female sex organs are called and
respectively .
Q4 Most algal genera show haplontic life cycle . Name an alga which is (a) haplodiplontic b)
Diplontic
Q5 What do you understand by alternation of generation. Briefly describe a) Haplontic b)
Diplontic and c) Haplodiplontic type of life cycle.
Q6 Mention two criteria used for classification of algae.
Q7 What are the ecosystem services carried out by algae?
Q8How are algae commercially useful to mankind ?
Q9 What are the two conditions that are considered as precursor of seed habits ?
Q10 Name two pteridophytes that are heterosporous.
Q11 How is gametophyte of bryophyte different from that of gymnosperms ?
 CHAPTER-ANIMAL KINGDOM
Q1 What is the skeleton of poriferans made of ?
Q2 What term is given to the middle gelatinous layer of the body wall of hydra ?
Q3 Name one cnidarians that has both polyps and medusa.
Q4 What is bioluminescence ?
Q5 Animals of pltyheliminthes describe as acoelomates . Justify .
Q6 Why are parasitic forms of platyhelminthes provided with hook and suckers while the free
living forms do not have them ?
Q7 Why are animals of Aschleminthes called round worm ?
Q8 Why is phylum annelid named so ?
Q9 What is the role of radula in mollusca ?
Q10 Identify the phylum in which adults exhibit radial symmetry and larvae exhibit bilateral
symmetry.
Q11 Name the two sub phylum referred to as Protochordates.
Q12 How do animals of Urochordates differ from Cephalochordata with reference to
notochord ?
Q13 Which class of chordates possesses sucking and circular mouth without jaws ?
Q14 Give one example each for an animal possessing placoid scales and that with cycloid
scales.
Q15 Write the scientific names of a) a flightless bird and b) Oviparous mammal