SAI KHELO INDIA FITNESS TEST

Overview: Fitness defines the ability to perform physical activity, and

encompasses a wide range of abilities. Each activity and sports require a
specific set of skills, and so being fit for an activity or a sport does not
necessarily make you fit for another. Fitness is generally divided into specific
fitness categories or components, and each can be tested and trained
individually.
BATTERY OF TESTS
AGE GROUP 5-8 YEARS | CLASS 1 to 3 At Primary class 1-3
Children should acquire Fundamental Movement Skills (FMS) leaving the
learning of specific physical activities to later stages. FMS provide the
building blocks for many physical activities, such as playing games, dance,
and sport. Locomotor, Manipulative & Body Management abilities are key to
success in most sports and physical activities. Abilities of children in class 1-
3 which need to be measured and tracked are
1. Body Composition (BMI)
2. Coordination (Plate Tapping)
3. Balance (Flamingo Balance)
Which are important for controlling the body in various situations.
AGE GROUP: 9-18+ YEARS | CLASS 4 to 12 For Class 4 to 12
It is important for students to have an overall physical fitness. The following
Components are to be considered in Physical Health and Fitness Profile:
1. Body Composition (BMI)
2. Strength a. Abdominal (Partial Curl-up) b. Muscular Endurance (Push Ups
for Boys, Modified Push Ups for Girls)
3. Flexibility (Sit and Reach Test)
4. Cardiovascular Endurance (600 Meter Run/Walk)

1
5. Speed (50 mt. Dash)

BODY MASS INDEX (BMI):

Purpose: Body Composition refers primarily to the distribution of muscle and
fat in the body. Body size such as height, lengths and girths are also grouped
under this component.
Infrastructure/Equipment Required: Flat and Clean surface, Weighing
Machine, Stadiometer/Measuring Tape pasted on a wall.
Procedure:
Measuring Height Accurately- Remove the participant’s shoes, bulky
clothing, and hair ornaments, and unbraid hair that interferes with the
measurement. Take the height measurement on flooring that is not carpeted
and against a flat surface such as a wall with no molding. Have the
participant stand with feet flat, together, and back against the wall. Make
sure legs are straight, arms are at sides, and shoulders are level. Make sure
the participant is looking straight ahead and that the line of sight is parallel
with the floor. Take the measurement while the participant stands with head,
shoulders, buttocks, and heels touching the flat surface (wall). (See
illustration.) Depending on the overall body shape of the participant, all
points may not touch the wall. Use a flat headpiece to form a right angle with
the wall and lower the headpiece until it firmly touches the crown of the
head. Make sure the measurer’s eyes are at the same level as the headpiece.
Lightly mark where the bottom of the headpiece meets the wall. Then, use a
metal tape to measure from the base on the floor to the marked measurement
on the wall to get the height measurement. Accurately record the height to
the nearest 0.1 centimeter.
Measuring Weight Accurately- Use a digital scale. Avoid using bathroom
scales that are spring loaded. Place the scale on firm flooring (such as tile or
wood) rather than carpet. Have the participant remove shoes and heavy
clothing, such as sweaters. Have the participant stand with both feet in the
center of the scale. Record the weight to the nearest decimal fraction (for
example, 25.1 kilograms).
2
Scoring- The test performed is Body Mass Index (BMI), which is calculated
from body Weight (W) and height(H). BMI = W / (H x H), where W = body
weight in kilograms and H = height in meters. The higher the score usually
indicating higher levels of body fat. Height recorded in cm and mm. Weight
will be recorded in kilogram (kg) and grams (gms). Record the weight to the
nearest decimal fraction (for example, 25.1 kilograms). Accurately record the
height to the nearest 0.1 centimeter.
PLATE TAPPING TEST:
Purpose: Tests speed and coordination of limb movement
Infrastructure/Equipment Required: Table (adjustable height), 2 yellow discs
(20cm diameter), rectangle (30 x 20 cm), stopwatch
Procedure: If possible, the table height should be adjusted so that the subject
is standing comfortably in front of the discs. The two yellow discs are placed
with their centers 60 cm apart on the table. The rectangle is placed
equidistant between both discs. The non-preferred hand is placed on the
rectangle. The subject moves the preferred hand back and forth between the
discs over the hand in the middle as quickly as possible. This action is
repeated for 25 full cycles (50 taps).
Scoring: The time taken to complete 25 cycles is recorded.

FLAMINGO BALANCE TEST:

Purpose: Ability to balance successfully on a single leg. This single leg
balance test assesses the strength of the leg, pelvic, and trunk muscles as well
as Static balance.
Infrastructure/Equipment Required: Non-slippery even surface, Stopwatch,
can be done while standing on beam.

3
Procedure: Stand on the beam. Keep balance by holding the instructor’s hand
(if required to start). While balancing on the preferred leg, the free leg is
flexed at the knee and the foot of this leg held close to the buttocks. Start the
watch as the instructor lets go of the participant/subject. Pause the stopwatch
each time the subject loses balance (either by falling off the beam or letting
go of the foot being held). Resume over, again timing until they lose balance.
Count the number of falls in 60 seconds of balancing. If there are more than
15 falls in the first 30 seconds, the test is terminated.
Scoring: The total number of falls or loss of balance in 60 seconds of
balancing is recorded. If there are more than 15 falls in the first 30 seconds,
the test is terminated.

ABDOMINAL (PARTIAL CURL-UP):

Purpose: The curl up test measures abdominal muscular strength and
endurance of the abdominals and hip flexors, important in back support and
core stability.
Infrastructure/Equipment Required: Flat clean cushioned surface with two
parallel strips (6 inches apart), Stopwatch, Recording sheets, Pen.
Procedure: The subject lies on a cushioned, flat, clean surface with knees
flexed, usually at 90 degrees, with hands straight on the sides (palms facing
downwards) closer to the ground, parallel to the body. The subject raises the
trunk in a smooth motion, keeping the arms in position, curling up the
desired amount (at least 6 inches above/along the ground towards the parallel
strip). The trunk is lowered back to the floor so that the shoulder blades or
upper back touch the floor.
Scoring: Record the maximum number of Curl ups in a certain time period
(30 seconds).

4
PUSH UPS (BOYS) / MODIFIED PUSH UPS (GIRLS):
Purpose: Upper body strength endurance, and trunk stability.
Infrastructure/Equipment Required: Flat clean cushioned surface/Gym mat.
Procedure: A standard push up begins with the hands and toes touching the
floor, the body and legs in a straight line, feet slightly apart, the arms at
shoulder width apart, extended and at a right angle to the body. Keeping the
back and knees straight, the subject lowers the body to a predetermined
point, to touch some other object, or until there is a 90-degree angle at the
elbows, then returns back to the starting position with the arms extended.
This action is repeated, and the test continues until exhaustion, or until they
can do no more in rhythm or have reached the target number of push-ups.
For Girls: push-up technique is with the knees resting on the ground.
Scoring: Record the number of correctly completed pushups.

SIT AND REACH:

Purpose: Common measure of flexibility, and specifically measures the
flexibility of the lower back and hamstring muscles. This test is important
because tightness in this area is implicated in lumbar lordosis, forward pelvic
tilt and lower back pain.
Infrastructure/Equipment Required: Sit and Reach box with the following
dimensions: 12” x 12” (sides) 12” x 10” (front and back) 12” x 21” (top).
Inscribe the top panel with centimeter/mm gradations. It is crucial that the
vertical plane against which the subject’s feet will be placed is exactly at the
23 cm mark. Flat clean cushioned surface/Gym Mats.
Procedure: This test involves sitting on the floor with legs stretched out
straight ahead. Shoes should be removed. The soles of the feet are placed flat
against the Sit and Reach box. Both knees should be locked and pressed flat
to the floor - the tester may assist by holding them down. With the palms
facing downwards, and hands on top of each other, the subject reaches
forward along the measuring line as far as possible. Ensure that the hands
remain at the same level, not one reaching further forward than the other.
5
After some practice reaches, the subject reaches out and holds that position
for one-two seconds while the distance is recorded
Scoring: The score is recorded (difference between initial position and final
position), in cm and mm, as the distance reached by the hand.

600 MTR RUN/WALK:

Purpose: Cardiovascular Fitness/Cardiovascular Endurance.
Infrastructure/Equipment Required: Stopwatch, whistle, marker cone, lime
powder, measuring tape, 200 or 400 mts with 1.22 mt (minimum 1 mt) width
preferably on a flat and even playground with a marking of starting and
finish line.
Procedure: Participants are instructed to run 600 mts. at the fastest possible
pace. The participants begin on signal, “ready, start”. As they cross the finish
line, the elapsed time should be announced to the participants. Walking is
permitted but the objective is to cover the distance in the shortest possible
time.
Scoring: Time taken for completion (Run or Walk) in min and sec.

50 MTR DASH (STANDING START):

Purpose: Determines acceleration and speed
Infrastructure/Equipment Required: Measuring tape or marked track,
stopwatch, cone markers, flat and clear surface of at least 60 meters.
Procedure: A thorough warm up should be given, including some practice
starts and accelerations. Start from a stationary position, with one foot in
front of the other. The front foot must be on or behind the starting line. This
starting position should be static (dead start). The tester should provide hints
for maximizing speed (such as keeping low, driving hard with the arms and
legs) and encouraged to continue running hard through the finish line.
Scoring: Time taken for completion.
6
 YOGIC PRACTICES
Indeed, it is an astonishing fact that a yogic tradition, which is more than five
thousand years old, has recently become a popular way of life. Presently,
people consider that yoga is a significant means to achieve a healthy as well
as a positive lifestyle. In fact, the power of yoga lies in its simplicity,
flexibility and diversity. As a matter of fact, yoga helps in improving our
flexibility, lowers our stress level and increases our confidence and finally
contributes to a healthier lifestyle on the whole. There are various lifestyle
diseases like obesity, diabetes, asthma, hypertension, back pain, migraine and
depression which can be prevented and treated up to some extent with the
help of certain yogic exercises.
ASANA TO PREVENT OBESITY:
1. TADASANA:
This is a traditional posture. The final position of this asana resembles
the palm tree. Palm trees are usually erect and straight. Therefore, one
should be straight and erect in this asana.
Technique:
1. Stand with feet together or about 10 cm apart (for beginners), hands
by the side of the thighs.
2. Distribute weight equally on both the feet to keep the body steady.
3. Raise arms over the head. Interlock the fingers and turn the palms
upward.
4. Place hands on top of the head.
5. Fix eyes at a point on the wall slightly above the level of the head.
The eyes should remain fixed on this point throughout the asana.
6. Inhale and stretch the arms, shoulders and chest upward.
7. Raise heels, coming up onto the toes.

7
 8. Stretch whole body without losing balance or moving the feet.
9. Hold the breath and the position for a few seconds.
10. Lower the heels while breathing out and bring hands to the top of
the head. This is one round.
Benefits:
1. Strengthens the legs, knees, ankles, arms, and chest.
2. Stretches and opens the hips, groins, hamstrings, and calves;
shoulders, chest, and spine.
3. Increases mental and physical equilibrium.
4. Helps improve digestion.
5. Reduce anxiety, stress, back pain and sciatica.
Contraindications- Avoid doing this asana if you are suffering from
1. Migraine
2. Diarrhea
3. low or high blood pressure
4. neck and back injuries

2. PAVANMUKTASANA:
The name comes from the Sanskrit word pawan meaning wind and
mukta meaning “free”. Thus, Pawanmuktasana is also known as the
wind removing asana.
Technique-
1. Lie on back, stretching your legs straight.

8
2. Now bend your right knee and hold it with your hands, pressing it
towards your abdomen. Breathe out, while lifting up your head and try
to touch your knee with your chin.
3. Breathe in and stretch your legs straight.
4. After that press your abdomen with your left leg.
5. Then press your abdomen with both legs, placing your chin between
your knees. From this position, swing your body back and forth 5 to 10
times, then swing your body left to right and vice versa 5 to 10 times.
Benefits-
1. Stretches the neck and back.
2. The abdominal muscles are stretched and the internal organs are
compressed which increases the blood circulation and stimulates the
nerves, increasing the efficiency of the internal organs.
3. The pressure on the abdomen releases any trapped gases in the large
intestine. h Digestive system is improved.
4. Relieves constipation.
5. Strengthens the lower back muscles and loosens the spinal vertebrae.
6. It is beneficial for women too. Massages the pelvic muscles and
reproductive organs and is beneficial for menstrual disorders.
7. Reduces fats in the abdominal area, thighs and buttocks.
Contraindications-
1. Must be avoided if there is recent abdominal surgery as there is a lot
of pressure on the abdomen.
2. Anyone suffering from hernia or piles should avoid this asana.
3. Pregnant women should not practice this asana.

9
ASANA TO PREVENT DIABETES MELLITUS:
1. BHUJANGASANA:
In Sanskrit the word Bhujanga means Cobra. Since the final position of
this asana resembles the ‘Hooded Snake’ therefore it is called
Bhujangasana.
Techniques-
1. Take prone lying position, legs together, toes together, pointing
outwards, hands by the side of the body, fingers together, palm facing
upward and forehead resting on the ground.
2. Fold hands at the elbows, place palms on the ground near each side
of the shoulders, thumb should be under the armpit.
3. Bring chin forward and place it on the ground. Gaze in front.
4. Raise chin and turn head backward as much as possible. Raise the
thorax turning the spine backwards up to the navel. Do not raise navel.
5. Maintain the posture for some time. Then slowly bring your body
back on the ground, starting from the upper part of the navel, thorax
shoulder, the chin, and lastly place your forehead on the ground.
6. Now, relax your hands and place them on either side of your thighs.
Benefits-
1. Strengthens and increases the flexibility of the spine and vertebral
column.
2. Opens the chest, shoulders, heart and ribcage.
3. Tones and strengthens the entire spinal extensor group of back
muscles.
4. Stimulates the endocrine system and digestive organs.
5. Good for kyphosis

10
 Contraindications-
1. Women during pregnancy should avoid this asana.
2. Avoid the asana if suffering from Spondylitis.
3. People with spinal injuries and/or weak back muscles should avoid
this asana.

2. SUPTA – VAJRASANA:
In Sanskrit, supta means reclined, and Vajra means thunderbolt. This is
mainly useful in improving the digestive system and boosting our
stamina.
Technique-
1. Sit in Vajrasana.
2. Slowly place your elbows on the ground near your hips.
3. Slowly straighten your hands and completely lie on your back
4. Shoulders should rest on the floor and knees should remain together
5. After practicing this position well, making the shape of a scissor with
both hands bring them under the shoulders. Right hand should be under
the left shoulder and left hand should under the right shoulder and the
head should be in the middle.
6. When returning to the original position, first take out the hands and
place them by the side of the body.
7. Now with the help of the elbow sit as in the first position.
Benefits-
1. It massages the abdominal organs improving digestive ailments and
constipation.

11
 2. It tones the spinal nerves, makes the back flexible, and realigns
rounded shoulders.
3. helps to fill the lungs to its maximum capacity and bringing more
oxygen into the system.
4. It is beneficial for those suffering from asthma, bronchitis and other
lung ailments.
5. It increases the circulation in the brain.
6. It regulates the functioning of the adrenal glands.
7. It tones the pelvic muscles
8. It helps to improve disorders of both the male and female
reproductive organs.
Contraindications-
1. Should not practice in case suffering from very high blood pressure,
slipped disc.
2. Those who suffer from vertigo should avoid the asana.
3. Pregnant women or those undergoing irregularities in menstruation
cycle or having knee injuries or surgery, should avoid supta vajrasana.

ASANA TO PREVENT BRONCHIAL ASTHAMA:

1. Urdhvahastottansana:
The name for this asana comes from the Sanskrit urdhva, meaning
upward, and hasta, meaning hands. Urdhvahastasana is called upward
salute or upward hands pose in English.
Technique-
1. Stand upright in the overhead-stretch pose with fingers interlocked.

12
2. Breathing in, stretch the hands high, but keep the feet flat on the
floor.
3. Breathing out, slowly bend to the left/right. Pause for few seconds at
the limit of the bend;
4. Strengthen up slowly, breathing in.
5. Slowly bend to the opposite side (left/right), breath out, hold for few
seconds;
6. Straighten up slowly, inhaling.
Benefits-
1. Back pain: It gives appropriate stretch to the muscles, especially the
finer muscles of the back. The regular practice of this yogasana is
helpful in overcoming back pain.
2. Spinal health: It is beneficial for spinal health. After focusing on the
alignment of the body and spine, it helps to improve the curvature of
the spine.
3. Weight loss: It is known as yoga for waist slim, yoga to remove fat
from hips due to adequate stretch in this region.
4. Asthma control: It provides stretch to the chest region, thus, helps to
increase the intake capacity of the lungs. All these ensure the
betterment of lung health and gives relief from asthma too.
5. Nerve health: Practicing the yoga asana on regular basis will
facilitate stretching from toes to fingers. If it is maintained with
breathing, it can show its impact upon the efficiency of nerves.
Contraindications-
1. Pregnancy: The asana should be avoided during pregnancy.
2. Varicose vein: A person suffering from varicose veins should
takpractisee the help of a yoga expert.
3. Headache: Don’t perform during headache.
13
 4. Insomnia: During insomnia, a yoga therapist should be consulted
before practicing the yoga pose.
2. ANULOM-VILOM:
This is one of the fundamental types of Pranayams. This practice is also
known as Anuloma-viloma as Viloma means ‘produced in the reverse
order’. This practice gets the name from the fact that the order of using
the nostrils for inhalation and exhalation is reversed every time.
Technique-
1. Sit in any comfortable meditation asana. Keep the head and spine
straight. The eyes should be closed.
2. Place right hand in jnana mudra. Close the right nostril with the right
thumb. Inhale through the left nostril for 5 counts.
3. After 5 counts of breath, release the pressure of thumb from the right
nostril and close the left nostril with the ring finger.
4. Exhale through the right nostril for 10 counts, keeping the respiration
rate slow, deep and silent. Then, inhale through the right nostril for 5
counts.
5. Exhale 5 rounds of practice or for 3 to 5 minutes, making sure that
no sound is produced as the air passes through the nostrils.
Benefits-
1. Calms and steadies the mind, improves focus and concentration.
Balances left and right hemispheres.
2. Strengthens the immune system.
3. Manages hypertension.
4. Provides sufficient oxygen for the functioning of every cell in our
body.
5. Removes toxic waste products for the body.

14
ASANA TO PREVENT HYPERTENSION:
1. ARDHA –HALASANA:
Ardha means half and Hala means plough so this asana is called Ardha-
halasana because in its final position, the body resembles half the shape
of an Indian plough.
Technique-
1. Take supine position, hands straight by the side of thighs and palm
resting on the ground.
2. Slowly raise your legs together without bending them at the knees
and pressing your hands till you stop at an angle of 30°.
3. After few seconds, raise your legs further towards your head up to an
angle of 60° and hold position.
4. Now slowly bring your legs up to an angle of 90° and maintain
position for 15 -30 seconds.
Benefits-
1. Improves digestion and appetite.
2. Improves blood circulation.
3. Strengthens the thigh and calf muscles.
4. Helps to reduce abdomen fat and lose weight.
5. Stimulates the abdominal organs.
Contraindications-
1. People suffering from any cardiac problems, back pain, high blood
pressure should avoid this practice.
2. Not to be practiced by women who are pregnant, as the pressure is
immense at the lower abdomen causing tightening around the pelvic
area.

15
 3. Anyone suffering from acute lower back pain needs to take
precaution during this practice.
4. Anyone recovering from any kind of stomach infection or surgery
around the abdominal area should take proper precautions and
guidance.
2. SARALA MATYASANA:
The word Saral means easy and Matsya means fish.
Technique- Lie flat on the back.
1. With the support of your hands keep the top of your head onmat.
2. Neck, upper back and shoulders will be lifted from the ground.
3. Relax your hands at the side of your body.
4. Breathe normally and keep your toes stretched out.
5. Hold the position for 30 seconds, then relax
Benefits-
1. It improves digestive system.
2. Helps to cure irritable bowel syndrome.
3. Helps to get rid of abdominal-related issues
Contraindications- People with cervical spondylitis and frozen shoulder
should avoid practicing this asana.

ASANA TO PREVENT BACK PAIN AND ARTHRITIS:

1. ARDHA-CHAKRASANA:
In Sanskrit, Ardha means half, Chakra means wheel and Asana means a
pose. Therefore, Ardha-chakrasan means half-wheel postures. It is a
simpler version of chakrasana.

16
Technique-
1. Stand straight and bring your hands together in a clasped position.
2. Raise and rotate your hands above the shoulders.
3. Slowly bend the upper part of your body along with the hands, as far
as possible.
4. Remain in this position for some time according to your capacity.
5. To release the pose, bring back slowly to the standing position with
hands on your side.
6. There is a variation of Ardha Chakrasana, where the hands are
placed behind the hips and then the back bending is attempted.
Benefits-
1. Strengthens the back and abdominal muscles.
2. Tones the organs in the abdomen including the digestive, excretory
and reproductive organs.
3. Relief from back problems and postural defects.
4. Opens the chest and strengthens the arms and shoulder muscles.
5. Posture prepares beginners for the more difficult full wheel pose or
Chakrasana.
Contraindications-
1. Ardha Chakrasana should not be done by those suffering from any
neck, hip or spinal injury.
2. Those suffering from high blood pressure should avoid this pose.
3. Pregnant women should avoid all poses that puts any strain on the
fetus.

17
2. BHUJANGASANA:
In Sanskrit the word Bhujanga means Cobra. Since the final position of
this asana resembles the ‘Hooded Snake’ therefore it is called
Bhujangasana.
Techniques-
1. Take prone lying position, legs together, toes together, pointing
outwards, hands by the side of the body, fingers together, palm facing
upward and forehead resting on the ground.
2. Fold hands at the elbows, place palms on the ground near each side
of the shoulders, thumb should be under the armpit.
3. Bring chin forward and place it on the ground. Gaze in front.
4. Raise chin and turn head backward as much as possible. Raise the
thorax turning the spine backwards up to the navel. Do not raise navel.
5. Maintain the posture for some time. Then slowly bring your body
back on the ground, starting from the upper part of the navel, thorax
shoulder, the chin, and lastly place your forehead on the ground.
6. Now, relax your hands and place them on either side of your thighs.
Benefits-
1. Strengthens and increases the flexibility of the spine and vertebral
column.
2. Opens the chest, shoulders, heart and ribcage.
3. Tones and strengthens the entire spinal extensor group of back
muscles.
4. Stimulates the endocrine system and digestive organs.
5. Good for kyphosis
Contraindications-
1. Women during pregnancy should avoid this asana.
18
 ANY IOA RECOGNISED
GAME- BASKETBALL
INTRODUCTION- HISTORY OF BASKETBALL
Invented in December 1891 by Dr. James Naismith, basketball was created a
s a way to keep students active indoors during the cold Massachusetts winte
rs. The first game used a soccer ball and peach baskets as goals. The sport ra
pidly gained popularity and evolved into the fast-paced game we know today
, becoming an official Olympic sport in 1936.
RULES AND REGULATIONS OF THE GAME
Basketball is played with two teams of five players each. The objective is to
score points by shooting the ball through the opponent's hoop. Games are typ
ically divided into four quarters of 12 minutes each (NBA) or two halves of 2
0 minutes each (college basketball). Some key rules include dribbling the bal
l while moving, the 24-second shot clock (NBA), and personal fouls that may
lead to free throws.
MEASUREMENTS AND DIMENTIONS
 Court size: 94 feet by 50 feet (NBA) or 28 meters by 15 meters (FIBA).
 Hoop height: 10 feet (3.05 meters) above the ground.
 Three-point line: 23.75 feet (NBA) or 6.75 meters (FIBA) from the bas
ket.
 Free-throw line: 15 feet (4.57 meters) from the backboard.
EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED
 Basketball: Official size varies; a standard ball has a circumference of 2
9.5 inches (75 cm).
 Hoops: Each end of the court has a hoop with a backboard.

19
  Court: Hardwood is the preferred material, though outdoor courts may
vary.
 Uniforms: Comprise a jersey and shorts, typically made of moisture-
wicking fabric.
 Shoes: Designed to provide ankle support and traction.
SKILLS AND TERMINOLOGIES
 Dribbling: Bouncing the ball continuously while moving.
 Shooting: Attempting to score by propelling the ball through the hoop.
 Passing: Moving the ball to a teammate.
 Rebounding: Gaining possession of the ball after a missed shot.
 Defense: Preventing the opposing team from scoring.
 Terminologies: Includes phrases like "alley-oop," "slam dunk," "triple-
double," and "pick and roll."
PERSONALITIES
 Michael Jordan: Often regarded as the greatest basketball player of all t
ime, known for his scoring ability and six NBA championships with the
Chicago Bulls.
 LeBron James: A versatile forward with multiple MVP awards and NB
A championships.
 Kobe Bryant: Celebrated for his scoring prowess and competitive spirit,
winning five NBA titles with the Los Angeles Lakers.
 Lisa Leslie: A trailblazer in women's basketball, leading the WNBA an
d the USA national team to numerous victories.
 Yao Ming: A global ambassador for basketball, bridging the gap betwe
en the NBA and China.

20
 BIBLOGRAPHY
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_basketball
 https://www.masterclass.com/articles/basketball-rules-
explained
 https://www.basketballforcoaches.com/basketball-court-
dimensions/
 https://www.protips.dickssportinggoods.com/sports-and-
activities/basketball/basketball-equipment-list
 https://www.sportingnews.com/us/basketball/news/
basketball-skills-and-terminology
 https://www.biography.com/tag/basketball-players

21