ModbusMaster

0.7

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CONTENTS 1

Contents
1 Module Index 1
1.1 Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

2 Class Index 2
2.1 Class List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

3 Module Documentation 2
3.1 ModbusMaster Object Instantiation/Initialization . . . . . . . . . . . 2
3.1.1 Function Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
3.2 ModbusMaster Buffer Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.2.1 Function Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.3 Modbus Function Codes for Discrete Coils/Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.3.1 Function Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.4 Modbus Function Codes for Holding/Input Registers . . . . . . . . . 10
3.4.1 Function Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
3.5 Modbus Function Codes, Exception Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
3.5.1 Variable Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

4 Class Documentation 17
4.1 ModbusMaster Class Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
4.1.1 Detailed Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
4.1.2 Member Function Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

5 Example Documentation 27
5.1 examples/Basic/Basic.pde . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
5.2 examples/PhoenixContact_nanoLC/PhoenixContact_nanoLC.pde . . 28

1 Module Index

1.1 Modules

Here is a list of all modules:

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2 Class Index 2

ModbusMaster Object Instantiation/Initialization 2

ModbusMaster Buffer Management 4

Modbus Function Codes for Discrete Coils/Inputs 7

Modbus Function Codes for Holding/Input Registers 10

Modbus Function Codes, Exception Codes 14

2 Class Index

2.1 Class List

Here are the classes, structs, unions and interfaces with brief descriptions:

ModbusMaster (Arduino class library for communicating with Modbus

slaves over RS232/485 (via RTU protocol) ) 17

3 Module Documentation

3.1 ModbusMaster Object Instantiation/Initialization

Functions

• ModbusMaster::ModbusMaster ()
Constructor.

• ModbusMaster::ModbusMaster (uint8_t)
• ModbusMaster::ModbusMaster (uint8_t, uint8_t)
• void ModbusMaster::begin ()
Initialize class object.

• void ModbusMaster::begin (uint16_t)

3.1.1 Function Documentation

3.1.1.1 ModbusMaster::ModbusMaster (void) [inherited]

Constructor. Creates class object using default serial port 0, Modbus slave ID 1.

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3.1 ModbusMaster Object Instantiation/Initialization 3

49 {
50 _u8SerialPort = 0;
51 _u8MBSlave = 1;
52 }

3.1.1.2 ModbusMaster::ModbusMaster (uint8_t u8MBSlave) [inherited]

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It differs from the
above function only in what argument(s) it accepts.
Creates class object using default serial port 0, specified Modbus slave ID.

Parameters:
u8MBSlave Modbus slave ID (1..255)

65 {
66 _u8SerialPort = 0;
67 _u8MBSlave = u8MBSlave;
68 }

3.1.1.3 ModbusMaster::ModbusMaster (uint8_t u8SerialPort, uint8_t

u8MBSlave) [inherited]

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It differs from the
above function only in what argument(s) it accepts.
Creates class object using specified serial port, Modbus slave ID.

Parameters:
u8SerialPort serial port (0..3)
u8MBSlave Modbus slave ID (1..255)

82 {
83 _u8SerialPort = (u8SerialPort > 3) ? 0 : u8SerialPort;
84 _u8MBSlave = u8MBSlave;
85 }

3.1.1.4 void ModbusMaster::begin (void) [inherited]

Initialize class object. Sets up the serial port using default 19200 baud rate. Call once
class has been instantiated, typically within setup().

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3.2 ModbusMaster Buffer Management 4

97 {
98 begin(19200);
99 }

3.1.1.5 void ModbusMaster::begin (uint16_t u16BaudRate) [inherited]

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It differs from the
above function only in what argument(s) it accepts.
Sets up the serial port using specified baud rate. Call once class has been instantiated,
typically within setup().

Parameters:
u16BaudRate baud rate, in standard increments (300..115200)

113 {
114 switch(_u8SerialPort)
115 {
116 #if defined(__AVR_ATmega1280__)
117 case 1:
118 MBSerial = Serial1;
119 break;
120
121 case 2:
122 MBSerial = Serial2;
123 break;
124
125 case 3:
126 MBSerial = Serial3;
127 break;
128 #endif
129
130 case 0:
131 default:
132 MBSerial = Serial;
133 break;
134 }
135
136 MBSerial.begin(u16BaudRate);
137 #if __MODBUSMASTER_DEBUG__
138 pinMode(4, OUTPUT);
139 pinMode(5, OUTPUT);
140 #endif
141 }

3.2 ModbusMaster Buffer Management

Functions

• uint16_t ModbusMaster::getResponseBuffer (uint8_t)

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3.2 ModbusMaster Buffer Management 5

Retrieve data from response buffer.

• void ModbusMaster::clearResponseBuffer ()
Clear Modbus response buffer.

• uint8_t ModbusMaster::setTransmitBuffer (uint8_t, uint16_t)

Place data in transmit buffer.

• void ModbusMaster::clearTransmitBuffer ()
Clear Modbus transmit buffer.

3.2.1 Function Documentation

3.2.1.1 uint16_t ModbusMaster::getResponseBuffer (uint8_t u8Index)

[inherited]

Retrieve data from response buffer.

See also:
ModbusMaster::clearResponseBuffer()

Parameters:
u8Index index of response buffer array (0x00..0x3F)

Returns:
value in position u8Index of response buffer (0x0000..0xFFFF)

153 {
154 if (u8Index < ku8MaxBufferSize)
155 {
156 return _u16ResponseBuffer[u8Index];
157 }
158 else
159 {
160 return 0xFFFF;
161 }
162 }

3.2.1.2 void ModbusMaster::clearResponseBuffer () [inherited]

Clear Modbus response buffer.

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3.2 ModbusMaster Buffer Management 6

See also:
ModbusMaster::getResponseBuffer(uint8_t u8Index)

172 {
173 uint8_t i;
174
175 for (i = 0; i < ku8MaxBufferSize; i++)
176 {
177 _u16ResponseBuffer[i] = 0;
178 }
179 }

3.2.1.3 uint8_t ModbusMaster::setTransmitBuffer (uint8_t u8Index, uint16_t

u16Value) [inherited]

Place data in transmit buffer.

See also:
ModbusMaster::clearTransmitBuffer()

Parameters:
u8Index index of transmit buffer array (0x00..0x3F)
u16Value value to place in position u8Index of transmit buffer (0x0000..0xFFFF)

Returns:
0 on success; exception number on failure

192 {
193 if (u8Index < ku8MaxBufferSize)
194 {
195 _u16TransmitBuffer[u8Index] = u16Value;
196 return ku8MBSuccess;
197 }
198 else
199 {
200 return ku8MBIllegalDataAddress;
201 }
202 }

3.2.1.4 void ModbusMaster::clearTransmitBuffer () [inherited]

Clear Modbus transmit buffer.

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3.3 Modbus Function Codes for Discrete Coils/Inputs 7

See also:
ModbusMaster::setTransmitBuffer(uint8_t u8Index, uint16_t u16Value)

212 {
213 uint8_t i;
214
215 for (i = 0; i < ku8MaxBufferSize; i++)
216 {
217 _u16TransmitBuffer[i] = 0;
218 }
219 }

3.3 Modbus Function Codes for Discrete Coils/Inputs

Functions

• uint8_t ModbusMaster::readCoils (uint16_t, uint16_t)

Modbus function 0x01 Read Coils.

• uint8_t ModbusMaster::readDiscreteInputs (uint16_t, uint16_t)

Modbus function 0x02 Read Discrete Inputs.

• uint8_t ModbusMaster::writeSingleCoil (uint16_t, uint8_t)

Modbus function 0x05 Write Single Coil.

• uint8_t ModbusMaster::writeMultipleCoils (uint16_t, uint16_t)

Modbus function 0x0F Write Multiple Coils.

3.3.1 Function Documentation

3.3.1.1 uint8_t ModbusMaster::readCoils (uint16_t u16ReadAddress, uint16_t

u16BitQty) [inherited]

Modbus function 0x01 Read Coils. This function code is used to read from 1 to 2000
contiguous status of coils in a remote device. The request specifies the starting address,
i.e. the address of the first coil specified, and the number of coils. Coils are addressed
starting at zero.
The coils in the response buffer are packed as one coil per bit of the data field. Status
is indicated as 1=ON and 0=OFF. The LSB of the first data word contains the output
addressed in the query. The other coils follow toward the high order end of this word
and from low order to high order in subsequent words.

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3.3 Modbus Function Codes for Discrete Coils/Inputs 8

If the returned quantity is not a multiple of sixteen, the remaining bits in the final data
word will be padded with zeros (toward the high order end of the word).

Parameters:
u16ReadAddress address of first coil (0x0000..0xFFFF)
u16BitQty quantity of coils to read (1..2000, enforced by remote device)

Returns:
0 on success; exception number on failure

246 {
247 _u16ReadAddress = u16ReadAddress;
248 _u16ReadQty = u16BitQty;
249 return ModbusMasterTransaction(ku8MBReadCoils);
250 }

3.3.1.2 uint8_t ModbusMaster::readDiscreteInputs (uint16_t u16ReadAddress,

uint16_t u16BitQty) [inherited]

Modbus function 0x02 Read Discrete Inputs. This function code is used to read from
1 to 2000 contiguous status of discrete inputs in a remote device. The request specifies
the starting address, i.e. the address of the first input specified, and the number of
inputs. Discrete inputs are addressed starting at zero.
The discrete inputs in the response buffer are packed as one input per bit of the data
field. Status is indicated as 1=ON; 0=OFF. The LSB of the first data word contains the
input addressed in the query. The other inputs follow toward the high order end of this
word, and from low order to high order in subsequent words.
If the returned quantity is not a multiple of sixteen, the remaining bits in the final data
word will be padded with zeros (toward the high order end of the word).

Parameters:
u16ReadAddress address of first discrete input (0x0000..0xFFFF)
u16BitQty quantity of discrete inputs to read (1..2000, enforced by remote device)

Returns:
0 on success; exception number on failure

278 {
279 _u16ReadAddress = u16ReadAddress;
280 _u16ReadQty = u16BitQty;
281 return ModbusMasterTransaction(ku8MBReadDiscreteInputs);
282 }

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3.3 Modbus Function Codes for Discrete Coils/Inputs 9

3.3.1.3 uint8_t ModbusMaster::writeSingleCoil (uint16_t u16WriteAddress,

uint8_t u8State) [inherited]

Modbus function 0x05 Write Single Coil. This function code is used to write a single
output to either ON or OFF in a remote device. The requested ON/OFF state is speci-
fied by a constant in the state field. A non-zero value requests the output to be ON and
a value of 0 requests it to be OFF. The request specifies the address of the coil to be
forced. Coils are addressed starting at zero.

Parameters:
u16WriteAddress address of the coil (0x0000..0xFFFF)
u8State 0=OFF, non-zero=ON (0x00..0xFF)

Returns:
0 on success; exception number on failure

350 {
351 _u16WriteAddress = u16WriteAddress;
352 _u16WriteQty = (u8State ? 0xFF00 : 0x0000);
353 return ModbusMasterTransaction(ku8MBWriteSingleCoil);
354 }

3.3.1.4 uint8_t ModbusMaster::writeMultipleCoils (uint16_t u16WriteAddress,

uint16_t u16BitQty) [inherited]

Modbus function 0x0F Write Multiple Coils. This function code is used to force each
coil in a sequence of coils to either ON or OFF in a remote device. The request specifies
the coil references to be forced. Coils are addressed starting at zero.
The requested ON/OFF states are specified by contents of the transmit buffer. A logical
’1’ in a bit position of the buffer requests the corresponding output to be ON. A logical
’0’ requests it to be OFF.

Parameters:
u16WriteAddress address of the first coil (0x0000..0xFFFF)
u16BitQty quantity of coils to write (1..2000, enforced by remote device)

Returns:
0 on success; exception number on failure

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3.4 Modbus Function Codes for Holding/Input Registers 10

397 {
398 _u16WriteAddress = u16WriteAddress;
399 _u16WriteQty = u16BitQty;
400 return ModbusMasterTransaction(ku8MBWriteMultipleCoils);
401 }

3.4 Modbus Function Codes for Holding/Input Registers

Functions

• uint8_t ModbusMaster::readHoldingRegisters (uint16_t, uint16_t)

Modbus function 0x03 Read Holding Registers.

• uint8_t ModbusMaster::readInputRegisters (uint16_t, uint8_t)

Modbus function 0x04 Read Input Registers.

• uint8_t ModbusMaster::writeSingleRegister (uint16_t, uint16_t)

Modbus function 0x06 Write Single Register.

• uint8_t ModbusMaster::writeMultipleRegisters (uint16_t, uint16_t)

Modbus function 0x10 Write Multiple Registers.

• uint8_t ModbusMaster::maskWriteRegister (uint16_t, uint16_t, uint16_t)

Modbus function 0x16 Mask Write Register.

• uint8_t ModbusMaster::readWriteMultipleRegisters (uint16_t, uint16_t,

uint16_t, uint16_t)
Modbus function 0x17 Read Write Multiple Registers.

3.4.1 Function Documentation

3.4.1.1 uint8_t ModbusMaster::readHoldingRegisters (uint16_t

u16ReadAddress, uint16_t u16ReadQty) [inherited]

Modbus function 0x03 Read Holding Registers. This function code is used to read
the contents of a contiguous block of holding registers in a remote device. The re-
quest specifies the starting register address and the number of registers. Registers are
addressed starting at zero.
The register data in the response buffer is packed as one word per register.

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3.4 Modbus Function Codes for Holding/Input Registers 11

Parameters:
u16ReadAddress address of the first holding register (0x0000..0xFFFF)
u16ReadQty quantity of holding registers to read (1..125, enforced by remote de-
vice)

Returns:
0 on success; exception number on failure

303 {
304 _u16ReadAddress = u16ReadAddress;
305 _u16ReadQty = u16ReadQty;
306 return ModbusMasterTransaction(ku8MBReadHoldingRegisters);
307 }

3.4.1.2 uint8_t ModbusMaster::readInputRegisters (uint16_t u16ReadAddress,

uint8_t u16ReadQty) [inherited]

Modbus function 0x04 Read Input Registers. This function code is used to read from 1
to 125 contiguous input registers in a remote device. The request specifies the starting
register address and the number of registers. Registers are addressed starting at zero.
The register data in the response buffer is packed as one word per register.

Parameters:
u16ReadAddress address of the first input register (0x0000..0xFFFF)
u16ReadQty quantity of input registers to read (1..125, enforced by remote de-
vice)

Returns:
0 on success; exception number on failure

328 {
329 _u16ReadAddress = u16ReadAddress;
330 _u16ReadQty = u16ReadQty;
331 return ModbusMasterTransaction(ku8MBReadInputRegisters);
332 }

3.4.1.3 uint8_t ModbusMaster::writeSingleRegister (uint16_t u16WriteAddress,

uint16_t u16WriteValue) [inherited]

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3.4 Modbus Function Codes for Holding/Input Registers 12

Modbus function 0x06 Write Single Register. This function code is used to write a
single holding register in a remote device. The request specifies the address of the
register to be written. Registers are addressed starting at zero.

Parameters:
u16WriteAddress address of the holding register (0x0000..0xFFFF)
u16WriteValue value to be written to holding register (0x0000..0xFFFF)

Returns:
0 on success; exception number on failure

371 {
372 _u16WriteAddress = u16WriteAddress;
373 _u16WriteQty = 0;
374 _u16TransmitBuffer[0] = u16WriteValue;
375 return ModbusMasterTransaction(ku8MBWriteSingleRegister);
376 }

3.4.1.4 uint8_t ModbusMaster::writeMultipleRegisters (uint16_t

u16WriteAddress, uint16_t u16WriteQty) [inherited]

Modbus function 0x10 Write Multiple Registers. This function code is used to write a
block of contiguous registers (1 to 123 registers) in a remote device.
The requested written values are specified in the transmit buffer. Data is packed as one
word per register.

Parameters:
u16WriteAddress address of the holding register (0x0000..0xFFFF)
u16WriteQty quantity of holding registers to write (1..123, enforced by remote
device)

Returns:
0 on success; exception number on failure

420 {
421 _u16WriteAddress = u16WriteAddress;
422 _u16WriteQty = u16WriteQty;
423 return ModbusMasterTransaction(ku8MBWriteMultipleRegisters);
424 }

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3.4 Modbus Function Codes for Holding/Input Registers 13

3.4.1.5 uint8_t ModbusMaster::maskWriteRegister (uint16_t u16WriteAddress,

uint16_t u16AndMask, uint16_t u16OrMask) [inherited]

Modbus function 0x16 Mask Write Register. This function code is used to modify
the contents of a specified holding register using a combination of an AND mask, an
OR mask, and the register’s current contents. The function can be used to set or clear
individual bits in the register.
The request specifies the holding register to be written, the data to be used as the AND
mask, and the data to be used as the OR mask. Registers are addressed starting at zero.
The function’s algorithm is:
Result = (Current Contents && And_Mask) || (Or_Mask && (∼And_Mask))

Parameters:
u16WriteAddress address of the holding register (0x0000..0xFFFF)
u16AndMask AND mask (0x0000..0xFFFF)
u16OrMask OR mask (0x0000..0xFFFF)

Returns:
0 on success; exception number on failure

451 {
452 _u16WriteAddress = u16WriteAddress;
453 _u16TransmitBuffer[0] = u16AndMask;
454 _u16TransmitBuffer[1] = u16OrMask;
455 return ModbusMasterTransaction(ku8MBMaskWriteRegister);
456 }

3.4.1.6 uint8_t ModbusMaster::readWriteMultipleRegisters (uint16_t

u16ReadAddress, uint16_t u16ReadQty, uint16_t u16WriteAddress,
uint16_t u16WriteQty) [inherited]

Modbus function 0x17 Read Write Multiple Registers. This function code performs
a combination of one read operation and one write operation in a single MODBUS
transaction. The write operation is performed before the read. Holding registers are
addressed starting at zero.
The request specifies the starting address and number of holding registers to be read as
well as the starting address, and the number of holding registers. The data to be written
is specified in the transmit buffer.

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3.5 Modbus Function Codes, Exception Codes 14

Parameters:
u16ReadAddress address of the first holding register (0x0000..0xFFFF)
u16ReadQty quantity of holding registers to read (1..125, enforced by remote de-
vice)
u16WriteAddress address of the first holding register (0x0000..0xFFFF)
u16WriteQty quantity of holding registers to write (1..121, enforced by remote
device)

Returns:
0 on success; exception number on failure

481 {
482 _u16ReadAddress = u16ReadAddress;
483 _u16ReadQty = u16ReadQty;
484 _u16WriteAddress = u16WriteAddress;
485 _u16WriteQty = u16WriteQty;
486 return ModbusMasterTransaction(ku8MBReadWriteMultipleRegisters);
487 }

3.5 Modbus Function Codes, Exception Codes

Variables

• static const uint8_t ModbusMaster::ku8MBIllegalFunction = 0x01

Modbus protocol illegal function exception.

• static const uint8_t ModbusMaster::ku8MBIllegalDataAddress = 0x02

Modbus protocol illegal data address exception.

• static const uint8_t ModbusMaster::ku8MBIllegalDataValue = 0x03

Modbus protocol illegal data value exception.

• static const uint8_t ModbusMaster::ku8MBSlaveDeviceFailure = 0x04

Modbus protocol slave device failure exception.

• static const uint8_t ModbusMaster::ku8MBSuccess = 0x00

ModbusMaster success.

• static const uint8_t ModbusMaster::ku8MBInvalidSlaveID = 0xE0

ModbusMaster invalid response slave ID exception.

• static const uint8_t ModbusMaster::ku8MBInvalidFunction = 0xE1

ModbusMaster invalid response function exception.

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3.5 Modbus Function Codes, Exception Codes 15

• static const uint8_t ModbusMaster::ku8MBResponseTimedOut = 0xE2

ModbusMaster response timed out exception.

• static const uint8_t ModbusMaster::ku8MBInvalidCRC = 0xE3

ModbusMaster invalid response CRC exception.

3.5.1 Variable Documentation

3.5.1.1 const uint8_t ModbusMaster::ku8MBIllegalFunction = 0x01

[static, inherited]

Modbus protocol illegal function exception. The function code received in the query
is not an allowable action for the server (or slave). This may be because the function
code is only applicable to newer devices, and was not implemented in the unit selected.
It could also indicate that the server (or slave) is in the wrong state to process a request
of this type, for example because it is unconfigured and is being asked to return register
values.

3.5.1.2 const uint8_t ModbusMaster::ku8MBIllegalDataAddress = 0x02

[static, inherited]

Modbus protocol illegal data address exception. The data address received in the query
is not an allowable address for the server (or slave). More specifically, the combination
of reference number and transfer length is invalid. For a controller with 100 registers,
the ADU addresses the first register as 0, and the last one as 99. If a request is submitted
with a starting register address of 96 and a quantity of registers of 4, then this request
will successfully operate (address-wise at least) on registers 96, 97, 98, 99. If a request
is submitted with a starting register address of 96 and a quantity of registers of 5, then
this request will fail with Exception Code 0x02 "Illegal Data Address" since it attempts
to operate on registers 96, 97, 98, 99 and 100, and there is no register with address 100.

3.5.1.3 const uint8_t ModbusMaster::ku8MBIllegalDataValue = 0x03

[static, inherited]

Modbus protocol illegal data value exception. A value contained in the query data field
is not an allowable value for server (or slave). This indicates a fault in the structure

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3.5 Modbus Function Codes, Exception Codes 16

of the remainder of a complex request, such as that the implied length is incorrect. It
specifically does NOT mean that a data item submitted for storage in a register has a
value outside the expectation of the application program, since the MODBUS protocol
is unaware of the significance of any particular value of any particular register.

3.5.1.4 const uint8_t ModbusMaster::ku8MBSlaveDeviceFailure = 0x04

[static, inherited]

Modbus protocol slave device failure exception. An unrecoverable error occurred while
the server (or slave) was attempting to perform the requested action.

3.5.1.5 const uint8_t ModbusMaster::ku8MBSuccess = 0x00 [static,

inherited]

ModbusMaster success. Modbus transaction was successful; the following checks were
valid:

• slave ID
• function code
• response code
• data
• CRC

3.5.1.6 const uint8_t ModbusMaster::ku8MBInvalidSlaveID = 0xE0

[static, inherited]

ModbusMaster invalid response slave ID exception. The slave ID in the response does
not match that of the request.

3.5.1.7 const uint8_t ModbusMaster::ku8MBInvalidFunction = 0xE1

[static, inherited]

ModbusMaster invalid response function exception. The function code in the response
does not match that of the request.

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4 Class Documentation 17

3.5.1.8 const uint8_t ModbusMaster::ku8MBResponseTimedOut = 0xE2

[static, inherited]

ModbusMaster response timed out exception. The entire response was not received
within the timeout period, ModbusMaster::ku8MBResponseTimeout.

3.5.1.9 const uint8_t ModbusMaster::ku8MBInvalidCRC = 0xE3 [static,

inherited]

ModbusMaster invalid response CRC exception. The CRC in the response does not
match the one calculated.

4 Class Documentation

4.1 ModbusMaster Class Reference

Arduino class library for communicating with Modbus slaves over RS232/485 (via
RTU protocol).
#include <ModbusMaster.h>

Public Member Functions

• ModbusMaster ()
Constructor.

• ModbusMaster (uint8_t)
• ModbusMaster (uint8_t, uint8_t)
• void begin ()
Initialize class object.

• void begin (uint16_t)

• uint16_t getResponseBuffer (uint8_t)
Retrieve data from response buffer.

• void clearResponseBuffer ()
Clear Modbus response buffer.

• uint8_t setTransmitBuffer (uint8_t, uint16_t)

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4.1 ModbusMaster Class Reference 18

Place data in transmit buffer.

• void clearTransmitBuffer ()
Clear Modbus transmit buffer.

• uint8_t readCoils (uint16_t, uint16_t)

Modbus function 0x01 Read Coils.

• uint8_t readDiscreteInputs (uint16_t, uint16_t)

Modbus function 0x02 Read Discrete Inputs.

• uint8_t readHoldingRegisters (uint16_t, uint16_t)

Modbus function 0x03 Read Holding Registers.

• uint8_t readInputRegisters (uint16_t, uint8_t)

Modbus function 0x04 Read Input Registers.

• uint8_t writeSingleCoil (uint16_t, uint8_t)

Modbus function 0x05 Write Single Coil.

• uint8_t writeSingleRegister (uint16_t, uint16_t)

Modbus function 0x06 Write Single Register.

• uint8_t writeMultipleCoils (uint16_t, uint16_t)

Modbus function 0x0F Write Multiple Coils.

• uint8_t writeMultipleRegisters (uint16_t, uint16_t)

Modbus function 0x10 Write Multiple Registers.

• uint8_t maskWriteRegister (uint16_t, uint16_t, uint16_t)

Modbus function 0x16 Mask Write Register.

• uint8_t readWriteMultipleRegisters (uint16_t, uint16_t, uint16_t, uint16_t)

Modbus function 0x17 Read Write Multiple Registers.

Static Public Attributes

• static const uint8_t ku8MBIllegalFunction = 0x01

Modbus protocol illegal function exception.

• static const uint8_t ku8MBIllegalDataAddress = 0x02

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4.1 ModbusMaster Class Reference 19

Modbus protocol illegal data address exception.

• static const uint8_t ku8MBIllegalDataValue = 0x03

Modbus protocol illegal data value exception.

• static const uint8_t ku8MBSlaveDeviceFailure = 0x04

Modbus protocol slave device failure exception.

• static const uint8_t ku8MBSuccess = 0x00

ModbusMaster success.

• static const uint8_t ku8MBInvalidSlaveID = 0xE0

ModbusMaster invalid response slave ID exception.

• static const uint8_t ku8MBInvalidFunction = 0xE1

ModbusMaster invalid response function exception.

• static const uint8_t ku8MBResponseTimedOut = 0xE2

ModbusMaster response timed out exception.

• static const uint8_t ku8MBInvalidCRC = 0xE3

ModbusMaster invalid response CRC exception.

Private Member Functions

• uint8_t ModbusMasterTransaction (uint8_t u8MBFunction)

Modbus transaction engine.

Private Attributes

• uint8_t _u8SerialPort
serial port (0..3) initialized in constructor

• uint8_t _u8MBSlave
Modbus slave (1..255) initialized in constructor.

• uint16_t _u16BaudRate
baud rate (300..115200) initialized in begin()

• uint16_t _u16ReadAddress

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4.1 ModbusMaster Class Reference 20

slave register from which to read

• uint16_t _u16ReadQty
quantity of words to read

• uint16_t _u16ResponseBuffer [ku8MaxBufferSize]

buffer to store Modbus slave response; read via GetResponseBuffer()

• uint16_t _u16WriteAddress
slave register to which to write

• uint16_t _u16WriteQty
quantity of words to write

• uint16_t _u16TransmitBuffer [ku8MaxBufferSize]

buffer containing data to transmit to Modbus slave; set via SetTransmitBuffer()

Static Private Attributes

• static const uint8_t ku8MaxBufferSize = 64

size of response/transmit buffers

• static const uint8_t ku8MBReadCoils = 0x01

Modbus function 0x01 Read Coils.

• static const uint8_t ku8MBReadDiscreteInputs = 0x02

Modbus function 0x02 Read Discrete Inputs.

• static const uint8_t ku8MBWriteSingleCoil = 0x05

Modbus function 0x05 Write Single Coil.

• static const uint8_t ku8MBWriteMultipleCoils = 0x0F

Modbus function 0x0F Write Multiple Coils.

• static const uint8_t ku8MBReadHoldingRegisters = 0x03

Modbus function 0x03 Read Holding Registers.

• static const uint8_t ku8MBReadInputRegisters = 0x04

Modbus function 0x04 Read Input Registers.

• static const uint8_t ku8MBWriteSingleRegister = 0x06

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4.1 ModbusMaster Class Reference 21

Modbus function 0x06 Write Single Register.

• static const uint8_t ku8MBWriteMultipleRegisters = 0x10

Modbus function 0x10 Write Multiple Registers.

• static const uint8_t ku8MBMaskWriteRegister = 0x16

Modbus function 0x16 Mask Write Register.

• static const uint8_t ku8MBReadWriteMultipleRegisters = 0x17

Modbus function 0x17 Read Write Multiple Registers.

• static const uint8_t ku8MBResponseTimeout = 200

Modbus timeout [milliseconds].

4.1.1 Detailed Description

Arduino class library for communicating with Modbus slaves over RS232/485 (via
RTU protocol).

Examples:

examples/Basic/Basic.pde, and examples/PhoenixContact_-

nanoLC/PhoenixContact_nanoLC.pde.

4.1.2 Member Function Documentation

4.1.2.1 uint8_t ModbusMaster::ModbusMasterTransaction (uint8_t

u8MBFunction) [private]

Modbus transaction engine. Sequence:

• assemble Modbus Request Application Data Unit (ADU), based on particular

function called
• transmit request over selected serial port
• wait for/retrieve response

• evaluate/disassemble response
• return status (success/exception)

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4.1 ModbusMaster Class Reference 22

Parameters:
u8MBFunction Modbus function (0x01..0xFF)

Returns:
0 on success; exception number on failure

505 {
506 uint8_t u8ModbusADU[256];
507 uint8_t u8ModbusADUSize = 0;
508 uint8_t i, u8Qty;
509 uint16_t u16CRC;
510 uint8_t u8TimeLeft = ku8MBResponseTimeout;
511 uint8_t u8BytesLeft = 8;
512 uint8_t u8MBStatus = ku8MBSuccess;
513
514 // assemble Modbus Request Application Data Unit
515 u8ModbusADU[u8ModbusADUSize++] = _u8MBSlave;
516 u8ModbusADU[u8ModbusADUSize++] = u8MBFunction;
517
518 switch(u8MBFunction)
519 {
520 case ku8MBReadCoils:
521 case ku8MBReadDiscreteInputs:
522 case ku8MBReadInputRegisters:
523 case ku8MBReadHoldingRegisters:
524 case ku8MBReadWriteMultipleRegisters:
525 u8ModbusADU[u8ModbusADUSize++] = highByte(_u16ReadAddress);
526 u8ModbusADU[u8ModbusADUSize++] = lowByte(_u16ReadAddress);
527 u8ModbusADU[u8ModbusADUSize++] = highByte(_u16ReadQty);
528 u8ModbusADU[u8ModbusADUSize++] = lowByte(_u16ReadQty);
529 break;
530 }
531
532 switch(u8MBFunction)
533 {
534 case ku8MBWriteSingleCoil:
535 case ku8MBMaskWriteRegister:
536 case ku8MBWriteMultipleCoils:
537 case ku8MBWriteSingleRegister:
538 case ku8MBWriteMultipleRegisters:
539 case ku8MBReadWriteMultipleRegisters:
540 u8ModbusADU[u8ModbusADUSize++] = highByte(_u16WriteAddress);
541 u8ModbusADU[u8ModbusADUSize++] = lowByte(_u16WriteAddress);
542 break;
543 }
544
545 switch(u8MBFunction)
546 {
547 case ku8MBWriteSingleCoil:
548 u8ModbusADU[u8ModbusADUSize++] = highByte(_u16WriteQty);
549 u8ModbusADU[u8ModbusADUSize++] = lowByte(_u16WriteQty);
550 break;
551
552 case ku8MBWriteSingleRegister:
553 u8ModbusADU[u8ModbusADUSize++] = highByte(_u16TransmitBuffer[0]);

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4.1 ModbusMaster Class Reference 23

554 u8ModbusADU[u8ModbusADUSize++] = lowByte(_u16TransmitBuffer[0]);

555 break;
556
557 case ku8MBWriteMultipleCoils:
558 u8ModbusADU[u8ModbusADUSize++] = highByte(_u16WriteQty);
559 u8ModbusADU[u8ModbusADUSize++] = lowByte(_u16WriteQty);
560 u8Qty = (_u16WriteQty % 8) ? ((_u16WriteQty >> 3) + 1) : (_u16WriteQty >> 3
);
561 u8ModbusADU[u8ModbusADUSize++] = u8Qty;
562 for (i = 0; i < u8Qty; i++)
563 {
564 switch(i % 2)
565 {
566 case 0: // i is even
567 u8ModbusADU[u8ModbusADUSize++] = lowByte(_u16TransmitBuffer[i >> 1]);

568 break;
569
570 case 1: // i is odd
571 u8ModbusADU[u8ModbusADUSize++] = highByte(_u16TransmitBuffer[i >> 1])
;
572 break;
573 }
574 }
575 break;
576
577 case ku8MBWriteMultipleRegisters:
578 case ku8MBReadWriteMultipleRegisters:
579 u8ModbusADU[u8ModbusADUSize++] = highByte(_u16WriteQty);
580 u8ModbusADU[u8ModbusADUSize++] = lowByte(_u16WriteQty);
581 u8ModbusADU[u8ModbusADUSize++] = lowByte(_u16WriteQty << 1);
582
583 for (i = 0; i < lowByte(_u16WriteQty); i++)
584 {
585 u8ModbusADU[u8ModbusADUSize++] = highByte(_u16TransmitBuffer[i]);
586 u8ModbusADU[u8ModbusADUSize++] = lowByte(_u16TransmitBuffer[i]);
587 }
588 break;
589
590 case ku8MBMaskWriteRegister:
591 u8ModbusADU[u8ModbusADUSize++] = highByte(_u16TransmitBuffer[0]);
592 u8ModbusADU[u8ModbusADUSize++] = lowByte(_u16TransmitBuffer[0]);
593 u8ModbusADU[u8ModbusADUSize++] = highByte(_u16TransmitBuffer[1]);
594 u8ModbusADU[u8ModbusADUSize++] = lowByte(_u16TransmitBuffer[1]);
595 break;
596 }
597
598
599 // append CRC
600 u16CRC = 0xFFFF;
601 for (i = 0; i < u8ModbusADUSize; i++)
602 {
603 u16CRC = _crc16_update(u16CRC, u8ModbusADU[i]);
604 }
605 u8ModbusADU[u8ModbusADUSize++] = lowByte(u16CRC);
606 u8ModbusADU[u8ModbusADUSize++] = highByte(u16CRC);
607 u8ModbusADU[u8ModbusADUSize] = 0;

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4.1 ModbusMaster Class Reference 24

608
609 // transmit request
610 for (i = 0; i < u8ModbusADUSize; i++)
611 {
612 MBSerial.print(u8ModbusADU[i], BYTE);
613 }
614
615 u8ModbusADUSize = 0;
616 MBSerial.flush();
617
618 // loop until we run out of time or bytes, or an error occurs
619 while (u8TimeLeft && u8BytesLeft && !u8MBStatus)
620 {
621 if (MBSerial.available())
622 {
623 #if __MODBUSMASTER_DEBUG__
624 digitalWrite(4, true);
625 #endif
626 u8ModbusADU[u8ModbusADUSize++] = MBSerial.read();
627 u8BytesLeft--;
628 #if __MODBUSMASTER_DEBUG__
629 digitalWrite(4, false);
630 #endif
631 }
632 else
633 {
634 #if __MODBUSMASTER_DEBUG__
635 digitalWrite(5, true);
636 #endif
637 delayMicroseconds(1000);
638 u8TimeLeft--;
639 #if __MODBUSMASTER_DEBUG__
640 digitalWrite(5, false);
641 #endif
642 }
643
644 // evaluate slave ID, function code once enough bytes have been read
645 if (u8ModbusADUSize == 5)
646 {
647 // verify response is for correct Modbus slave
648 if (u8ModbusADU[0] != _u8MBSlave)
649 {
650 u8MBStatus = ku8MBInvalidSlaveID;
651 break;
652 }
653
654 // verify response is for correct Modbus function code (mask exception bit
7)
655 if ((u8ModbusADU[1] & 0x7F) != u8MBFunction)
656 {
657 u8MBStatus = ku8MBInvalidFunction;
658 break;
659 }
660
661 // check whether Modbus exception occurred; return Modbus Exception Code
662 if (bitRead(u8ModbusADU[1], 7))
663 {

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4.1 ModbusMaster Class Reference 25

664 u8MBStatus = u8ModbusADU[2];

665 break;
666 }
667
668 // evaluate returned Modbus function code
669 switch(u8ModbusADU[1])
670 {
671 case ku8MBReadCoils:
672 case ku8MBReadDiscreteInputs:
673 case ku8MBReadInputRegisters:
674 case ku8MBReadHoldingRegisters:
675 case ku8MBReadWriteMultipleRegisters:
676 u8BytesLeft = u8ModbusADU[2];
677 break;
678
679 case ku8MBWriteSingleCoil:
680 case ku8MBWriteMultipleCoils:
681 case ku8MBWriteSingleRegister:
682 u8BytesLeft = 3;
683 break;
684
685 case ku8MBMaskWriteRegister:
686 u8BytesLeft = 5;
687 break;
688 }
689 }
690
691 if (u8ModbusADUSize == 6)
692 {
693 switch(u8ModbusADU[1])
694 {
695 case ku8MBWriteMultipleRegisters:
696 u8BytesLeft = u8ModbusADU[5];
697 break;
698 }
699 }
700 }
701
702 // verify response is large enough to inspect further
703 if (!u8MBStatus && (u8TimeLeft == 0 || u8ModbusADUSize < 5))
704 {
705 u8MBStatus = ku8MBResponseTimedOut;
706 }
707
708 // calculate CRC
709 u16CRC = 0xFFFF;
710 for (i = 0; i < (u8ModbusADUSize - 2); i++)
711 {
712 u16CRC = _crc16_update(u16CRC, u8ModbusADU[i]);
713 }
714
715 // verify CRC
716 if (!u8MBStatus && (lowByte(u16CRC) != u8ModbusADU[u8ModbusADUSize - 2] ||
717 highByte(u16CRC) != u8ModbusADU[u8ModbusADUSize - 1]))
718 {
719 u8MBStatus = ku8MBInvalidCRC;
720 }

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4.1 ModbusMaster Class Reference 26

721
722 // disassemble ADU into words
723 if (!u8MBStatus)
724 {
725 // evaluate returned Modbus function code
726 switch(u8ModbusADU[1])
727 {
728 case ku8MBReadCoils:
729 case ku8MBReadDiscreteInputs:
730 // load bytes into word; response bytes are ordered L, H, L, H, ...
731 for (i = 0; i < (u8ModbusADU[2] >> 1); i++)
732 {
733 if (i < ku8MaxBufferSize)
734 {
735 _u16ResponseBuffer[i] = word(u8ModbusADU[2 * i + 4], u8ModbusADU[2 *
i + 3]);
736 }
737 }
738
739 // in the event of an odd number of bytes, load last byte into zero-padde
d word
740 if (u8ModbusADU[2] % 2)
741 {
742 if (i < ku8MaxBufferSize)
743 {
744 _u16ResponseBuffer[i] = word(0, u8ModbusADU[2 * i + 3]);
745 }
746 }
747 break;
748
749 case ku8MBReadInputRegisters:
750 case ku8MBReadHoldingRegisters:
751 case ku8MBReadWriteMultipleRegisters:
752 // load bytes into word; response bytes are ordered H, L, H, L, ...
753 for (i = 0; i < (u8ModbusADU[2] >> 1); i++)
754 {
755 if (i < ku8MaxBufferSize)
756 {
757 _u16ResponseBuffer[i] = word(u8ModbusADU[2 * i + 3], u8ModbusADU[2 *
i + 4]);
758 }
759 }
760 break;
761 }
762 }
763
764 return u8MBStatus;
765 }

The documentation for this class was generated from the following files:

• ModbusMaster.h
• ModbusMaster.cpp

Generated on Tue Feb 9 20:13:18 2010 for ModbusMaster by Doxygen

5 Example Documentation 27

5 Example Documentation

5.1 examples/Basic/Basic.pde
/*

Basic.pde - example using ModbusMaster library

This file is part of ModbusMaster.

ModbusMaster is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify

it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.

ModbusMaster is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,

but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with ModbusMaster. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

Written by Doc Walker (Rx)

Copyright 2009, 2010 Doc Walker <dfwmountaineers at gmail dot com>
$Id: Basic.pde 39 2010-02-10 02:12:21Z dfwmountaineers $

*/

#include <ModbusMaster.h>

// instantiate ModbusMaster object as slave ID 2

// defaults to serial port 0 since no port was specified
ModbusMaster node(2);

void setup()
{
// initialize Modbus communication baud rate
node.begin(19200);
}

void loop()
{
static uint32_t i;
uint8_t j, result;
uint16_t data[6];

i++;

// set word 0 of TX buffer to least-significant word of counter (bits 15..0)

node.setTransmitBuffer(0, lowWord(i));

// set word 1 of TX buffer to most-significant word of counter (bits 31..16)

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5.2 examples/PhoenixContact_nanoLC/PhoenixContact_nanoLC.pde 28

node.setTransmitBuffer(1, highWord(i));

// slave: write TX buffer to (2) 16-bit registers starting at register 0

result = node.writeMultipleRegisters(0, 2);

// slave: read (6) 16-bit registers starting at register 2 to RX buffer

result = node.readHoldingRegisters(2, 6);

// do something with data if read is successful

if (result == node.ku8MBSuccess)
{
for (j = 0; j < 6; j++)
{
data[j] = node.getResponseBuffer(j);
}
}
}

5.2 examples/PhoenixContact_nanoLC/PhoenixContact_-
nanoLC.pde
/*

PhoenixContact_nanoLC.pde - example using ModbusMaster library

to communicate with PHOENIX CONTACT nanoLine controller.

This file is part of ModbusMaster.

ModbusMaster is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify

it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.

ModbusMaster is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,

but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with ModbusMaster. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

Written by Doc Walker (Rx)

Copyright 2009, 2010 Doc Walker <dfwmountaineers at gmail dot com>
$Id: PhoenixContact_nanoLC.pde 39 2010-02-10 02:12:21Z dfwmountaineers $

*/

#include <ModbusMaster.h>

// discrete coils
#define NANO_DO(n) (0x0000 + n)
#define NANO_FLAG(n) (0x1000 + n)

// discrete inputs
#define NANO_DI(n) (0x0000 + n)

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5.2 examples/PhoenixContact_nanoLC/PhoenixContact_nanoLC.pde 29

// analog holding registers

#define NANO_REG(n) (0x0000 + 2 * n)
#define NANO_AO(n) (0x1000 + 2 * n)
#define NANO_TCP(n) (0x2000 + 2 * n)
#define NANO_OTP(n) (0x3000 + 2 * n)
#define NANO_HSP(n) (0x4000 + 2 * n)
#define NANO_TCA(n) (0x5000 + 2 * n)
#define NANO_OTA(n) (0x6000 + 2 * n)
#define NANO_HSA(n) (0x7000 + 2 * n)

// analog input registers

#define NANO_AI(n) (0x0000 + 2 * n)

// instantiate ModbusMaster object, serial port 0, Modbus slave ID 1

ModbusMaster nanoLC(0, 1);

void setup()
{
// initialize Modbus communication baud rate
nanoLC.begin(19200);
}

void loop()
{
static uint32_t u32ShiftRegister;
static uint32_t i;
uint8_t u8Status;

u32ShiftRegister = ((u32ShiftRegister < 0x01000000) ? (u32ShiftRegister << 4) :

1);
if (u32ShiftRegister == 0) u32ShiftRegister = 1;
i++;

// set word 0 of TX buffer to least-significant word of u32ShiftRegister (bits

15..0)
nanoLC.setTransmitBuffer(0, lowWord(u32ShiftRegister));

// set word 1 of TX buffer to most-significant word of u32ShiftRegister (bits 3

1..16)
nanoLC.setTransmitBuffer(1, highWord(u32ShiftRegister));

// set word 2 of TX buffer to least-significant word of i (bits 15..0)

nanoLC.setTransmitBuffer(2, lowWord(i));

// set word 3 of TX buffer to most-significant word of i (bits 31..16)

nanoLC.setTransmitBuffer(3, highWord(i));

// write TX buffer to (4) 16-bit registers starting at NANO_REG(1)

// read (4) 16-bit registers starting at NANO_REG(0) to RX buffer
// data is available via nanoLC.getResponseBuffer(0..3)
nanoLC.readWriteMultipleRegisters(NANO_REG(0), 4, NANO_REG(1), 4);

// write lowWord(u32ShiftRegister) to single 16-bit register starting at NANO_R

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5.2 examples/PhoenixContact_nanoLC/PhoenixContact_nanoLC.pde 30

EG(3)
nanoLC.writeSingleRegister(NANO_REG(3), lowWord(u32ShiftRegister));

// write highWord(u32ShiftRegister) to single 16-bit register starting at NANO_

REG(3) + 1
nanoLC.writeSingleRegister(NANO_REG(3) + 1, highWord(u32ShiftRegister));

// set word 0 of TX buffer to nanoLC.getResponseBuffer(0) (bits 15..0)

nanoLC.setTransmitBuffer(0, nanoLC.getResponseBuffer(0));

// set word 1 of TX buffer to nanoLC.getResponseBuffer(1) (bits 31..16)

nanoLC.setTransmitBuffer(1, nanoLC.getResponseBuffer(1));

// write TX buffer to (2) 16-bit registers starting at NANO_REG(4)

nanoLC.writeMultipleRegisters(NANO_REG(4), 2);

// read 17 coils starting at NANO_FLAG(0) to RX buffer

// bits 15..0 are available via nanoLC.getResponseBuffer(0)
// bit 16 is available via zero-padded nanoLC.getResponseBuffer(1)
nanoLC.readCoils(NANO_FLAG(0), 17);

// read (66) 16-bit registers starting at NANO_REG(0) to RX buffer

// generates Modbus exception ku8MBIllegalDataAddress (0x02)
u8Status = nanoLC.readHoldingRegisters(NANO_REG(0), 66);
if (u8Status == nanoLC.ku8MBIllegalDataAddress)
{
// read (64) 16-bit registers starting at NANO_REG(0) to RX buffer
// data is available via nanoLC.getResponseBuffer(0..63)
u8Status = nanoLC.readHoldingRegisters(NANO_REG(0), 64);
}

// read (8) 16-bit registers starting at NANO_AO(0) to RX buffer

// data is available via nanoLC.getResponseBuffer(0..7)
nanoLC.readHoldingRegisters(NANO_AO(0), 8);

// read (64) 16-bit registers starting at NANO_TCP(0) to RX buffer

// data is available via nanoLC.getResponseBuffer(0..63)
nanoLC.readHoldingRegisters(NANO_TCP(0), 64);

// read (64) 16-bit registers starting at NANO_OTP(0) to RX buffer

// data is available via nanoLC.getResponseBuffer(0..63)
nanoLC.readHoldingRegisters(NANO_OTP(0), 64);

// read (64) 16-bit registers starting at NANO_TCA(0) to RX buffer

// data is available via nanoLC.getResponseBuffer(0..63)
nanoLC.readHoldingRegisters(NANO_TCA(0), 64);

// read (64) 16-bit registers starting at NANO_OTA(0) to RX buffer

// data is available via nanoLC.getResponseBuffer(0..63)
nanoLC.readHoldingRegisters(NANO_OTA(0), 64);

// read (8) 16-bit registers starting at NANO_AI(0) to RX buffer

// data is available via nanoLC.getResponseBuffer(0..7)
nanoLC.readInputRegisters(NANO_AI(0), 8);
}

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