Final Capstone Paper
Final Capstone Paper
VARGAS COLLEGE
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan
College of Engineering
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
BY
May 2023
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F.L. VARGAS COLLEGE
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan
College of Engineering
CERTIFICATE OF ACCEPTANCE
This project study attached hereto entitled “AUTOMATED PLANT
WATERING SYSTEM” was prepared and submitted by Francisco L. Bacud Jr., Ernesto
Jr. C. Wakat, John Paul N. Pascua, Kenneth Jhon P. Peralta, and Hamilton A. Dumawing
in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Bachelor of Science in Electrical
Engineering is accepted.
Approved By:
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F.L. VARGAS COLLEGE
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan
College of Engineering
APPROVAL SHEET
prepared and submitted by Francisco L. Bacud Jr., Ernesto Jr. C. Wakat, John Paul N.
Pascua Kenneth Jhon P. Peralta, and Hamilton A. Dumawing, who are hereby
Reading Committee:
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F.L. VARGAS COLLEGE
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan
College of Engineering
DEDICATION
To our family
To our teachers,
Friends,
And
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F.L. VARGAS COLLEGE
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan
College of Engineering
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We, the researchers take pleasure to express our sincere thanks and appreciation to
the following persons who gave us encouragement, inspiration and unselfishly helped us
To Engr. Fares G. Corpuz, OIC Dean College of Engineering, for his support,
instilling the knowledge and passion we have for conducting our project study and for
financial matters for paying our expenses and buying the materials we need.
And last but not the least, we thank the Almighty God for giving us the wisdom
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F.L. VARGAS COLLEGE
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan
College of Engineering
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
Title Page- - - - - - - - - - - 1
Acceptance Certificate- - - - - - - - - 2
Approval Sheet- - - - - - - - - - 3
Dedication - - - - - - - - - - - 4
Acknowledgement- - - - - - - - - - 5
Table of Contents- - - - - - - - - - 6
Introduction- - - - - - - - - - 9
Objectives - - - - - - - - - - 10
Conceptual Framework- - - - - - - - 10
Definition of Terms- - - - - - - - - 12
Project Proponent- - - - - - - - - 14
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F.L. VARGAS COLLEGE
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan
College of Engineering
Market Description- - - - - - - - - 19
Marketing Strategies- - - - - - - - - 19
Cost Estimate-- - - - - - - - - 19
Methodology- - - - - - - - - 21
Capstone Design - - - - - - - - - 21
Analysis of Data- - - - - - - - - 22
Schematic Diagram- - - - - - - - - 22
Test Result- - - - - - - - - - 23
Documentation- - - - - - - - - 24
Summary of Findings- - - - - - - - 27
Conclusion- - - - - - - - - 28
Recommendation- - - - - - - - - 28
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F.L. VARGAS COLLEGE
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan
College of Engineering
Appendices- - - - - - - - - - 29
A – References- - - - - - - - 30
Curriculum Vitae- - - - - - - - - 35
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F.L. VARGAS COLLEGE
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan
College of Engineering
CHAPTER I
PROJECT OVERVIEW
INTRODUCTION
Watering the plant is the most important cultural practice and one of the labor-
intensive tasks in daily greenhouse operation. Watering systems ease the burden of getting
water to plants when they need it. Knowing when and how much to water is two important
aspects of the watering process. To make the gardener work easily, an automated plant
This type of system is often used for general plant care, as part of caring for small
and large gardens. Normally, the plants need to be watered twice daily, morning and
evening. People enjoy plants, their benefits and the feeling related to nurturing them.
However, for most people it becomes challenging to keep them healthy and alive. To
accommodate this challenge, we have developed a prototype, which makes a plant more
self-sufficient, watering itself from a large water tank and providing itself with artificial
sunlight.
The pro-to type reports status of its current conditions and reminds the user to refill
the water tank. The system automation is designed to be assistive to the user. We hope that
through this prototype people will enjoy having plants without the challenges related to
absence or forgetfulness.
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F.L. VARGAS COLLEGE
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan
College of Engineering
OBJECTIVES
This study aims to fulfill the corresponding goals and objectives stated below:
Main objective
● The main objective of this project was to design, construct and test an
General objectives
wasted.
● Saving time is one of the major purposes of this project and to save the
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
practice and the most labor-intensive task. No matter whichever weather it is, either too
hot and dry or too cloudy and wet, you want to be able to control the amount of water that
reaches your plants. Modern watering systems could be effectively used to water plants
when they need it. But this manual process of watering requires two important aspects to
To replace manual activities and make gardener's work easier, we have created an
automated plant watering system. By adding automated plant watering systems to the
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F.L. VARGAS COLLEGE
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan
College of Engineering
garden or agricultural field, you will help all the plants reach their fullest potential as well
as conserving water. An important aspect of this project is that: “when and how much to
water”. To reduce manual activities for the human to watering plant, an idea of plant
watering system is adopted. The method employed is to monitor the soil moisture level
continuously and to decide whether watering is needed or not, and how much water is
So, it will be effective to use an idea of automatic plant watering system which
waters plants when they need it. No matter whichever weather it is, either too hot and
cold or too dry and wet it is very crucial to control the amount of water reaches to the
plants.
This project study aims to make an automated plant watering system for all the
plant lovers.
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F.L. VARGAS COLLEGE
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan
College of Engineering
The result of the project study is expected to make worthwhile contributions to the
following:
Gardeners. The increase in the population of people having plants in their houses will
also result in a higher responsibility to manage the survival of their plants. The proponents
believe that the plants need to be watered twice daily, morning and evening. People enjoy
plants, their benefits and the feeling related to nurturing them. However, for most people it
becomes challenging to keep them healthy and alive. To accommodate this challenge, we
have developed a prototype, which makes a plant more self-sufficient, watering itself from
Community. The best part about automatic watering systems is that human intervention is
significantly reduced, that helps in reduction of labor cause and the same resource can be
easy fertigation, reduction in labor cause, and efficient watering of plants are some of the
Future Researchers. In future some parts of the project can be updated of upgraded to
DEFINITION OF TERMS
The terms used in this study are lexical type of definition of terms in order the
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F.L. VARGAS COLLEGE
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan
College of Engineering
Gardener. A person who tends and cultivates a garden as a pastime or for a living.
network.
Watering system. A system of supplying (land) with water by means of artificial canals,
measures soil moisture content in the active root zone before each schedule irrigation
event and bypasses the cycle if soil moisture is above a user- defined set point.
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F.L. VARGAS COLLEGE
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan
College of Engineering
CHAPTER II
PROJECT BACKGROUND
During day-to-day activities many people often forget to water their plants and
thus it becomes challenging for them to keep their plants healthy and alive. Also, it is a
challenge for farmers/ gardeners to maintain their fields and manage watering of plants
during shortage of water. With that, the researchers come up with a potential solution
applying the learnings they have acquired all throughout their college education. They
successfully come up with the project titled “Automated Plant Watering System” as a
PROJECT PROPONENT
This project study will be design, build and organize by four (5) slightly intellect,
hard-working, and humble persons preferably students of F.L. Vargas College taking
engineer) Francisco L. Bacud Jr., Hamilton A. Dumawing, John Paul N. Pascua, Kenneth
studies from which the ideas and findings related to the present study were based. This
will render a more comprehensible and vivid presentation of the subject to the reader.
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F.L. VARGAS COLLEGE
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan
College of Engineering
advancement has been quite as significant. While the concept of drip irrigation existed
well before Israeli statehood, it was revolutionized by Israeli water engineering. Simcha
Blass, who serendipitously discovered that a slow and balanced drip led to remarkable
growth. He created tubing that slowly released water where it was most efficient and in
1965 Kibbutz Halperin built a whole new industry. Netafin, based on his invention. Just
one recent example of how this method has impacted food supply in different families in
Senegal to reap crops three times a year instead of just once even on infertile land. The
researcher learned that the farmer would detect if the soil were dry, and the producer
would release water from the machine throughout the pipes. Evaporation trimmed down
According to Sebastian year (2016) stated that the water supply is the process of
providing water in a systematic early through installed pumps and pipelines. Before water
quality of water received is made for human consumption. The Philippines water supply
system dates to 1946 after the country achieved to independence government agencies.
irrigation system used in the western part of a fresh, high bed or row. The depth of water
flow is shallow and uniform down the bordered area. It is a system where a large volume
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F.L. VARGAS COLLEGE
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan
College of Engineering
of water is deposited in a defined edge or bay at the top of the field. Unlike rice/soybean
rotations, flooding was used as an irrigation system for soybeans, the borders have a
shallow, uniform water flow and can be used to irrigate soybeans or other crops when they
are small; you do not have a danger submerge. Run the water until it reaches the end of the
field or closer to the end, so the entire border is watered out. The soil types of many of the
field’s area often a cracking clay that helps distribute water. The cracks give a random
distribution of the water and help disrupt the potential for channeling through the border.
According to the Researcher of DLSU (2016) stated that manual irrigation systems
do not promote water conservation that result in too much water or too small amount of
water in the soil thus poor plant growth. Automated irrigation systems can determine and
maintain the right amount of water for the soil. Two TEGS were used as the soil moisture
sensors (one as the control and the other in the plant area) that produced voltage
differentials proportional to the relative wetness or dryness of the compared to control the
uses of thermoelectric generator as the soil moisture sensor that uses the temperature
difference between the air and the soil as a basis for irrigation. The researcher learned that
the thermoelectric generator as a soil moisture requires relatively constant heat source and
has slow technology progression and have limited applications. But irrigates according to
the proper needs of the soil, thus, saving water consumption and improving water
As per reading the different types of the research paper most of the research paper
show that we connect them with the help of the GSM module and with the cloud also but
if we see the normal, we can just implement it with the moisture sensor also. For normal
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F.L. VARGAS COLLEGE
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan
College of Engineering
people we must make it cost effective also so that the people who want to use this type of
system in their houses can use it cheap and as the best method to save the plants’ lives.
While using the cloud also it will be little bit costly. The simple means how much advance
we will make it, it will become that much costly, so we have tried to implement in a
simple manner.
and they are the most severe problem to livelihood and crops in nearly every part of the
world. So due to the lack of water on the places of the earth the watering system has been
generated. It is a slow process where disaster occurs by the lack of water, which results in
a water shortage. Lack of water has been becoming the creating a serious impact on
health, agriculture, economies, energy, and the environment The research provides key
insight on the effects of climate on agriculture as rules should be prepare for the number
people should do this agriculture so that the water decency can be maintained. The study,
which evaluated the effect of 1,800 weather disasters on domestics crops like rice and
wheat, suggests that the effects of drought worsened and are predicted to continuously
affect in the coming decades. The study speculates that’s because of more intense droughts
methods, but couldn’t confirm any individual factor with certainty. Developing countries
are experiencing some of the most severe crop loss due to scarcity of water and heat,
according to the research. Crop production in North America, Europe and India faced
nearly a 30% decline thanks to drought and extreme heat, compared to less than 20% in
South Africa and Latin America and Europe. Many Researchers of the world have given
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F.L. VARGAS COLLEGE
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan
College of Engineering
their attribute to a difference between the agricultural methods employed in the different
areas. Farmers in countries tend to grow crops uniformly across large areas. Water
shortage has deeply affected these crops uniformly. Growing a wide variety of crops in
each region in the countries has mitigates the risk that all crops will be clear out due to a
given weather event. The enormous impact of water crisis and heat on food production has
been a hot button topic in development countries as scientific and climate change are
growing very fast. A recent study found that climate change could drive a 10% decrease in
crop yields and a 15% increase in price by 2060 if countries do not control their
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F.L. VARGAS COLLEGE
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan
College of Engineering
CHAPTER III
MARKETING FEASIBILITY
MARKET DESCRIPTION
its name (automatic); it is easily to carry or moved from places to another places. It is very
convenient to install and use because of its characteristics like light in weight. It is
environmentally friendly because no pollution has been created in using this rather it is a
MARKETING STRATEGIES
Nowadays, most of us has a social media account like Facebook, Instagram, and
YouTube channel. Hence, by means of these social media’s we can easily introduce and
COST ESTIMATES
Table below shows the overall total expenses in constructing this project.
4. Glue Stick 64
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F.L. VARGAS COLLEGE
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan
College of Engineering
5. Popsicle Stick 96
8. Relay 50
TOTAL 1899
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F.L. VARGAS COLLEGE
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan
College of Engineering
CHAPTER IV
In this chapter, it contains methodology being applied in this study, the schematic
diagram of the project, the test results (detailed data) and documentaries of the project.
METHODOLOGY
data gathering.
CAPSTONE DESIGN
To accomplish this project, some power and electrical tools like glue gun,
soldering gun, paper cutter etc. shall be provided for sharpening, and furnishing some
parts of the project. Electrical instruments and apparatus shall also be provided, to wit; a.)
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F.L. VARGAS COLLEGE
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan
College of Engineering
multi tester, or clamp meter to test the voltage, current, resistance, and continuity of the
PLANT WATERING SYSTEM”, the makers (EE students) of this project will gather all
informative information’s and data’s needed through searching different websites on the
internet related to the project. Watching some videos related to the project and some books
that contains formulas and steps related in designing and constructing this project.
ANALYSIS OF DATA
After gathering the data, the results from testing that was done were observed,
analyzed, and performed. Connecting the circuit components was made to check if the
circuits work.
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM
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F.L. VARGAS COLLEGE
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan
College of Engineering
TEST RESULTS
First, we tried connecting the circuit to know if the circuit works and the circuit did
not work because the connection was not right. After analyzing the diagram, we tried
rearranging the circuit. As the experiment goes, by rearranging the circuit, the circuit
works but even if the circuit is not connected to the battery our dc water pump is still
functioning. So, we rearranged the position of the water pump until it worked. After some
The 7805 regulator has built-in protection against short circuits and overvoltage. In
voltage regulator 7805, a heat sink can be provided through the ground terminal to protect
The soil moisture module consists of two parts: amplifier circuit and probes. This
module has digital and analog outputs, where digital output is set to logical 1 when the
threshold is set by potentiometer. Analog output gives real time information regarding the
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F.L. VARGAS COLLEGE
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan
College of Engineering
soil moisture in the plant and this output is used in the system. The water pump is
connected to the relay module, and it only works when the relay module gets the
DOCUMENTATIONS
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F.L. VARGAS COLLEGE
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan
College of Engineering
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F.L. VARGAS COLLEGE
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan
College of Engineering
OBSERVATION
Day 1. (May 15, 2023)
Actual observation of the plant. We immediately applied our project to the test plant.
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F.L. VARGAS COLLEGE
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan
College of Engineering
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F.L. VARGAS COLLEGE
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan
College of Engineering
CHAPTER V
This chapter presents the summary of findings from which the conclusions arrived
SUMMARY
From this work, we can control the moisture content of the soil of cultivated land.
According to soil moisture, water pumping motor turned on or off via the relay
automatically. This saves water, while the water level can be obtained in a preferred aspect
The system also allows the delivery to the plant when needed based on the type of
plant, soil moisture, and observed temperature. The proposed work minimizes the efforts
of major agricultural regions. Many aspects of the system can be customized and used
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F.L. VARGAS COLLEGE
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan
College of Engineering
software to fine-tune the requirements of the plant. The result is a scalable, supporting
technology. Using this sensor, we can see that the soil is wet or dry. If it is dry, the motor
Great and expected results of our experiment were concluded from the fact that our
plant has avoided dehydration and kept growing without any problems and deficiencies,
thanks to the sensor that is embedded within the plant measuring the soil moisture level
and controlling the water pump. The system works in the principle of measuring the soil
moisture level by means of the sensor technology which in turns controls the water pump
via relay to provide the plant enough amounts of water when necessary.
CONCLUSION
Based on the findings of the study, the following conclusions were drawn:
1. The automated plant watering system has a big impact to everyone most especially
2. Since this project is very friendly to use and low cost. We can conclude that this
project is very effective to everyone, and they will love to use it because it has no
RECOMMENDATION
From the findings and conclusions of the study, the researchers recommend the
following:
1. Future builders of this kind of project study should be knowledgeable, patience and
hard-working person.
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F.L. VARGAS COLLEGE
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan
College of Engineering
3. Should have more allotted time in doing this kind of project if he/she is a first
timer.
APPENDICES
Appendix A
REFERENCES
⮚ https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
319130612_Automatic_Plant_Watering_System_via_Soil_Moisture_Sensing_by_
means_of_Suitable_Electronics_and_its_Applications_for_Anthropological_and_
Medical_Purposes
⮚ https://www.ijert.org/research/automated-plant-watering-system-
IJERTCONV5IS18012.pdf?
fbclid=IwAR2Rig84rPUwvZBkoHEMcGfzzNTYKPuQV1Oy59FL72e66ZN3IsX
ZvKirOWM
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F.L. VARGAS COLLEGE
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan
College of Engineering
⮚ https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1373560/FULLTEXT01.pdf?
fbclid=IwAR1a7iZ5wRI3rm2jBJhWzd-TQNwu8w4iqcls66X46FY8T-
X3J_WEvC1R3ic
⮚ https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=wIM4lO1Mt2M&feature=share&fbclid=IwAR0Y36DPUMM_K-
FBgl9vENCcj3ZPfHqnf_Jg7DUGZo1gjkxrB7OotAwcfl8
CURRICULUM VITAE
PERSONAL DATA
PARENTS
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F.L. VARGAS COLLEGE
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan
College of Engineering
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
CURRICULUM VITAE
PERSONAL DATA
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F.L. VARGAS COLLEGE
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan
College of Engineering
PARENTS
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
Secondary: Junior High- Benjamin Leguiab Sr. Memorial National High School
2013-2017
Senior High- Itawes National Agricultural and Technical School
Tecchncal Vocational – Livelihood
2017-2019
CURRICULUM VITAE
PERSONAL DATA
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F.L. VARGAS COLLEGE
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan
College of Engineering
PARENTS
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
CURRICULUM VITAE
PERSONAL DATA
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F.L. VARGAS COLLEGE
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan
College of Engineering
PARENTS
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
CURRICULUM VITAE
PERSONAL DATA
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F.L. VARGAS COLLEGE
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan
College of Engineering
PARENTS
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
TIMELINE
WEEK 1:
● Making a conceptual design for the project and gathering all
materials needed.
WEEEK 2:
● Waiting for the availability of the materials because of some the
materials needed can be found online and some in electronic shops.
WEEK 3
● Start constructing the connection of the circuit of the project.
WEEK 4:
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F.L. VARGAS COLLEGE
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan
College of Engineering
POSSIBLE ISSUES
Since the EE students are their first time making this capstone project, there is a
possibility that some issues may occur upon making this project, to wit; First, time and
mind pressure occur when the project will not perfectly do or function for the first time it
made after being assembled and tested. Second, availability of the materials needed in this
project. Third, lack of the ability, skills, and knowledge in making this project. Fourth,
lack of personal electrical apparatus and instrument that will be use in constructing this
project.
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F.L. VARGAS COLLEGE
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan
College of Engineering
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