chemical (n) destroy (v)

BOOK 3 UNIT 1
READING & WRITING
VOCABULARY a man-made or natural solid, liquid or to damage something very badly; to
FLASHCARDS gas made by changing atoms cause it to not exist

Some chemicals can be useful. We use The school was completely destroyed by
them to clean our homes. However, fire. We don't know who started it.
others can be dangerous.

B3 R&W U1 B3 R&W U1

due to (prep) endangered (adj) natural (adj)

because of; as a result of (of plants and animals) that may as found in nature; not made or caused
disappear soon by people

Last year, schools were teaching online Tigers are now an endangered species. You can buy square watermelons in
due to the Covid-19 virus. In the future, the only tigers might be Japan. They're not natural, so they're
those in zoos. very expensive.

B3 R&W U1 B3 R&W U1 B3 R&W U1

pollute (v) protect (v) species (n)

to make the air, water or land dirty and to keep something or someone safe a group of plants or animals which are
unhealthy from damage or injury the same in some way

The chemical factory pollutes the air and To protect your health, wear a mask There are many different species of
water. It's dangerous for the people and when you go out. birds, such as flamingos, eagles and
animals living there. parrots.

B3 R&W U1 B3 R&W U1 B3 R&W U1

 common (adj) cruel (adj) disease (n)
happening often or existing in large causing pain or making someone or illness; a serious health condition which
numbers something suffer on purpose requires care

It's common for children to be afraid of He was a cruel man who intimidated The most common disease in the world
the dark. They may not like to sleep and hurt his neighbours. is tooth decay because people eat too
alone. much sugar.

B3 R&W U1 B3 R&W U1 B3 R&W U1

fatal (adj) introduce (v) major (adj)

causing death to put something into a place for the most serious or important
first time

He suffered a fatal neck injury in the car Have you met my friend Zaid? You will There was a major accident on this road
accident. Sadly, he passed away a few like him. Come, let me introduce you! last night. Many cars were involved, and
weeks later. the road was closed for hours.

B3 R&W U1 B3 R&W U1 B3 R&W U1

native (adj) survive (v)

used to describe animals and plants to stay alive; to continue to exist,
which grow naturally in a place especially after an injury or threat

The date palm tree is native to Madinah, If the temperature increases too much,
but the coconut palm tree is not. many animal species may not survive.
Instead, they will die.

B3 R&W U1 B3 R&W U1
 ecosystem (n) climate (n)

BOOK 3 UNIT 2
VOCABULARY all the living things in an area and the the general weather conditions
FLASHCARDS
Reading & Writing
effect they have on each other and usually found in a particular place
the environment
Environmentalists fear that if the hydro- These flowers will not grow in a cold
electric dam is built, it will severely climate. They only grow in hot places.
disrupt the ecosystem.

B3 R&W U2
B3 R&W U2

threaten (v) fossil fuel (n) greenhouse gas (n)

to be likely to damage or harm a source of energy like coal, gas and a gas which makes the air around the
something petroleum that was formed inside Earth warmer
the Earth millions of years ago
She threatened her son that she will Many countries want to decrease how Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas. It
take his phone away if he fails his much fossil fuel they use. They want to stores energy from the sun and makes
English exam. use solar or wind energy instead. the air warmer.

B3 R&W U2 B3 R&W U2 B3 R&W U2

atmosphere (n) global warming (n) cause (n)

the layer of gases around the Earth an increase in the Earth's temperature someone or something that makes
because of pollution something happen

If you fly higher and higher, you will The governments of many countries met Smoking causes lung cancer and many
escape the atmosphere and reach space. to discuss how to solve global warming. other serious diseases.
They made a plan for the future. late to quit!

B3 R&W U2 B3 R&W U2 B3 R&W U2

 absorb (v) construction (n) destruction (n)
to take in a liquid or gas through a the process of building something, the act of causing so much damage
surface and hold it usually large structures such as to something that it stops existing
houses, roads or bridges because it cannot be repaired
Cook the rice for 20 minutes until it The hotel is currently under The destruction of the rainforest is a
absorbs all the water. Then add some construction. The new building will have serious problem. Many unique species
salt and other spices. more than 15 floors. of animals are dying as a result.

B3 R&W U2 B3 R&W U2 B3 R&W U2

effect (n) farming (n) logging (n)

result: a change which happens the job of working on a farm or the activity or business of cutting
because of a cause organizing work on a farm down trees for wood

Farming is not an easy job; you need to The government of Brazil only allows
my younger brother. He became wake up at sunrise, and work in the logging in some areas. Cutting down
depressed and stopped eating. fields all day. trees in the rainforest is illegal.

B3 R&W U2 B3 R&W U2 B3 R&W U2

rainforest (n)
a forest in a tropical area with a rainfall
of 250 cm or more per year

Farming and cutting down trees

decrease the size of the Amazon
rainforest.

B3 R&W U2
 commuter (n) connect (v)

BOOK 3 UNIT 3
READING & WRITING
VOCABULARY someone who travels between home to join two things or places together
FLASHCARDS and work or university regularly

Commuters were unhappy with the -Fi network.

construction work on the road. They
to work!

B3 R&W U3 B3 R&W U3

destination (n) outskirts (n) public transport (n)

the place where someone or the outer area of a city or town a system of vehicles, such as buses
something is going and trains, which operate at regular
times for public use
At the end of the road, turn left. In 200 on If we build a metro system in this city,
metres, you will arrive at your the outskirts of a city than in the centre. many people will start using public
destination. transport to get to work.

B3 R&W U3 B3 R&W U3 B3 R&W U3

rail (n) traffic congestion (n)

the form of transport which uses when too many vehicles use a road
trains network and it results in slower
speeds or no movement at all
train There is always traffic congestion at 8
because of the high-speed rail line. because there are
so many commuters travelling to work.

B3 R&W U3 B3 R&W U3
 cycle (v) emergency (n) engineering (n)
to travel by bicycle an unexpected situation which the activity of designing and building
requires immediate action things like bridges, roads, machines,
etc.
To avoid the traffic, Amer cycles to work In an emergency, call 911 for the police, The new Haramain high-speed railway,
every morning. Riding a bike also keeps the fire department or an ambulance. which links Madinah and Makkah, is a
him fit! marvellous work of engineering.

B3 R&W U3 B3 R&W U3 B3 R&W U3

fuel (n) government (n) practical (n)

a substance like gas or coal which the group of people that controls a useful; suitable for the situation it is
produces energy when it is burnt country or city and makes decisions being used for
about laws, taxes, education, etc.
How far is the next petrol station? The minister has announced that there Some people think that wind can be a
W will be no change in government policy. practical source of renewable energy.

B3 R&W U3 B3 R&W U3 B3 R&W U3

vehicle (n)
any machine which travels on roads,
such as cars, buses, etc.

In the future, more vehicles like cars and

trucks will use electricity instead of
petrol.

B3 R&W U3
 appearance (n) culture (n)

BOOK 3 UNIT 4
READING & WRITING
VOCABULARY the way someone or something looks the way of life, especially customs
FLASHCARDS and beliefs, of a group of people

We judge people on appearance. If they In Saudi culture, it is customary to

are handsome, we also think they are respect your elders. For example, we
always serve the oldest first.

B3 R&W U4 B3 R&W U4

exchange (v) expect (v) formal (adj)

to give something to someone, and to think that something will or should (of clothes, behaviour or language)
receive something that they give you happen serious or very polite

After completing a football match,

players exchange T-shirts to show dark clouds in the sky, you can expect You should wear formal clothes, so you
respect. rain. look professional.

B3 R&W U4 B3 R&W U4 B3 R&W U4

greet (v) relationship (n)

to welcome someone with particular the way two people or groups feel
words or actions and behave towards each other

In Japan, people greet each other Khadijah has a good relationship with
by bowing. However, people in my her aunt. She visits her every week and
country prefer to shake hands. asks for her advice.

B3 R&W U4 B3 R&W U4
 belief (n) ceremony (n) endangered (adj)
an idea that you are sure is true a formal event with special traditions, (of customs and traditions) in danger
activities or words, such as a wedding of being lost

My grandmother always talks about the He felt proud at his graduation

good old days. She has a strong belief ceremony. All his hard work at of life is endangered. Very few people
that things were better in the past. university had been worth it! now follow their traditional ways.

B3 R&W U4 B3 R&W U4 B3 R&W U4

generation (n) preserve (v) protection (n)

all the people in a society or family to keep something the same, or the act of keeping someone or
who are approximately the same age prevent it from being damaged something safe from injury, damage
or destroyed or loss
People generation Before people had refrigerators, they The E
often have a hard time using computers. preserved meat by drying it and adding from the harmful types of light
salt. Try it sometime - produced by the sun.

B3 R&W U4 B3 R&W U4 B3 R&W U4

tradition (n)
a belief or way of acting that people
in a particular society or group have
continued to follow for a long time
In some countries, it's still the tradition
that the eldest son inherits all the
family's money and land.

B3 R&W U4
 serious (adj) self-esteem (n)

BOOK 3 UNIT 5
READING & WRITING
VOCABULARY bad or dangerous being confident and believing in
FLASHCARDS yourself

Beijing has a serious pollution problem. People who are homeless lose self-
even see the esteem and confidence.
sun.

B3 R&W U5 B3 R&W U5

active (adj) calories (v) moderate (adj)

doing things which involve moving the measurement of the amount of not too much and not too little
and using energy energy found in food

she tries to stay Bake the cake in the oven for 30

active. She walks two kilometres every minutes at a moderate heat. Then, it
morning! much! will be ready to serve and enjoy.

B3 R&W U5 B3 R&W U5 B3 R&W U5

recognise (v) reduce (n)

to understand; to accept that to limit; to use less of something
something is true

By the time children are ten, they can One way to feel healthier is to reduce
usually recognise the difference the amount of sugar you eat. Too much
between right and wrong. sugar is bad for your health.

B3 R&W U5 B3 R&W U5
 balanced diet (n) campaign (n) junk food (n)
a daily eating programme which has a a group of activities designed to motivate food which is unhealthy but quick
healthy mixture of different kinds of people to take action, such as giving money and easy to eat
food or changing their behaviour
For a balanced diet, you should eat all As part of their campaign, the traffic I enjoy burgers and fries so much. I
types of food. Eat carbohydrates, police visited the college and spoke to know junk food is not good for my
protein and fats every day. the students about using seat belts.

B3 R&W U5 B3 R&W U5 B3 R&W U5

nutritional (adj) obesity (n) portion (n)

relating to food and the way it affects the condition of weighing more than the amount of food served to one
your health is healthy person

Dates have great nutritional value. They Obesity is a serious problem in the US. Do you prefer a regular, medium or
contain many vitamins and minerals Nearly 35% of people are overweight, large portion of fries in McDonalds? I
that your body needs. and it affects their health negatively. usually get the large size.

B3 R&W U5 B3 R&W U5 B3 R&W U5

 essential (adj) harmful (adj)

BOOK 3 UNIT 6
READING & WRITING
VOCABULARY very important or necessary able to hurt or damage
FLASHCARDS
Today, computers are essential for every put too much salt in your
student. They need computers to food. It can negatively affect your
complete their homework. health.

B3 R&W U6 B3 R&W U6

helpful (adj) illustrate (v) pattern (n)

useful to show the meaning or truth of a set of lines, colours or shapes which
something more clearly, especially repeat in a regular way
by giving examples
It is helpful to write these words in a This story illustrates how important the You can find zebras in Africa. They have
notebook, so you can review them later. family is in South American culture. a black and white pattern on their
bodies.

B3 R&W U6 B3 R&W U6 B3 R&W U6

prevent (v) unlimited (adj)

to stop something from happening or without end or restriction
stop someone from doing something

He is a great player, but he has a back Zainab pays 500 riyals a month for
problem. This may prevent him from unlimited internet access.
worry about how much data she uses.

B3 R&W U6 B3 R&W U6
 artificial (adj) break down (phr v) electronic (adj)
made by people; not in nature to stop working, for example, sent or accessed by a computer or
a machine similar machine

The football stadium uses artificial grass. Check the oil and water in your car In the past, we wrote letters by hand.
Now, we use electronic mail to write to
and it want it to break down on the highway!

B3 R&W U6 B3 R&W U6 B3 R&W U6

equipment (n) movement (n) object (n)

things that are used for a particular a change of position or place a thing you can see or touch that is
activity or purpose not alive

Running is an easy sport to participate When people speak, they often make At the museum, we saw many
in. Y movements with their hands. That traditional objects that show how
equipment - only running shoes. shows you how they really feel. people lived in the past.

B3 R&W U6 B3 R&W U6 B3 R&W U6

personal (adj) three-dimensional (adj)

belonging to, or used by, just one not flat; having depth, length and
person width; 3D

When you fill out a job application, you The new machine is used to obtain
have to write your personal details, like three-dimensional images of the body
your name, age and marital status. organs. They look natural and realistic.

B3 R&W U6 B3 R&W U6