CHAPTER 9 REPORTERS:

DIGA, SHANARAHNOUF
DIAZ, BERNALYN
DELOTE, LORENZ
ELAN, ALEAH
TAMPUS, ZANIVETH
E
THE RIGHT ANSWER IS

GENDER
C
THE RIGHT ANSWER IS

SCHOOL
Chapter 9

G e n d e r & S c h o o l
 SOCIALIZATION

- is the process through which people learn and acquire the

characteristics of the social group to which they belong.

"What happens during the socialization is that the social world is

internalized on the child" - American Sociologist

The society does not only control our movements but also provides
our identity, thoughts and emotions.
 SCHOOL

- is a very important institution that influences the child's

socialization. The teachers attribute to tge girls the progress
of their efforts while they attribute to the boys intellectual and
talent capacity.

In primary school...
- the boys are four times more likely to be sent to child psychologist and more likely to be
diagnosed with dyslexia and attention deficit disorder (ADD)
- are more likely to repeat a grade
- nine times more likely to be diagnose with hyperactive, represent 58% of those who attend special
education.
- nearly three quarters of all school suspensions involve boys.
In adolescence…
- boys are more likely to drop out, to repeat class and misbehave in class
- their self-esteem also falls during this stage.
These data simply suggest that boys, not girls, are victims og
significant gender discrimination in school. They asked to be quiet,
remain seated and repeatedly reminded to behave in class, while
teachers are praising girl's behavior.
 ROLE OF TEACHERS AND PEER

The school environment influences the gender differentiation through

two sources: teachers and peers. Teachers have direct imoact on the
gender difference in the way they differ boys and girls in the process of
opportunities offered to them and the way of evaluation.

● Teachers contribute to the ● Peers affect the organization of ● In general, teachers believe they
development of gender gender differences in different do not take into account that the
stereotypes. They facilitate ways. Peers also us punitive gender of the students when
children's gender biases by verbal and non-verbal behaviors they explain and announce that
marking gender as important by against those students who did they see students as children,
using it to label and organize not meet the expectations of they do not see them as boys or
students. gender roles. girls.
 HOW CAN SCHOOLS MAINTAIN GENDER EQUALITY?

1. It's not only about numbers -

Gender equality is about 3. Integrating life skills and
opportunities and avenues gender equality - Orientation
available to both men and women for building emotional resilience,
resulting in equal participation emotional intelligence and
and achievement. decision making.

2. Gender role stereotyping - 4. Safe and Security - Schools

Schools should avoid negative need to promote safe and secure
gender role stereotyping in any environment for students.
form and should promote both
and girls for all types of sports,
vocational courses and subjects.
5. Gender equitable print rich 6. Gender responsive textbooks and libraries
environment in school - - Schools can do 'gender audit'of their
Recognizing and promoting men libraries to see how they promote gender
and women contribution in equality through textbooks.
nation building.

7. Teachers are the touch

bearers of gender equality -
Teachers should promote equal
participation and motivation on
girls and boys in classroom
participation.
 GENDER EQUA
LITY
THROUGH SCH
OOL:
PROVIDING A
SAFE
AND INCLUSI
VE
LEARNING
ENVIRONMEN
T
Creating a gender-equal and safe learning environment in schools
involves collaboration from governments, schools, teachers, and
students. Governments can develop inclusive curricula, ensure
teacher training, and maintain proper facilities. Schools should
address violence and offer health education. Teachers must
adhere to professional standards and provide unbiased
instruction. Students are expected to behave inclusively and
non-violently.
 NATIONAL AN
D
SCHOOL POLIC
IES
SHOULD TARG
ET
SCHOOL-RELA
TED
VIOLENCE
School-related violence, including bullying, harassment, and abuse, is a global
issue that affects millions of students and requires targeted policies to create
safer learning environments. Instances of abuse by teachers, including sexual
exploitation, highlight the need for safeguarding measures and accountability in
educational institutions. Some countries have enacted legislation addressing
violence in schools, while initiatives and teacher training programs aim to
address harmful behaviors and promote student well-being. Teacher codes of
conduct play a significant role in addressing gender-based violence, but
challenges remain in their dissemination and implementation. Efforts to prevent
school-related gender-based violence and promote positive social behaviors are
crucial for creating a safe and inclusive learning environment worldwide.
 GENDER-SENS
ITIVE
FACILITIES C
AN
INCREASE TH
E TIME
GIRLS SPEND
IN
SCHOOL
Inadequate sanitation facilities, especially for girls during menstruation, can
significantly impact school attendance, with many countries reporting low
access to basic sanitation facilities in primary schools. Despite regulations
mandating separate toilet facilities, a global analysis shows that only around
60% of education systems require sex-separate facilities. In countries like
Bangladesh, where regulations exist, the lack of access to proper sanitation
facilities leads to girls missing school during menstruation. School inspections
are essential for ensuring compliance with regulations, but gender issues are
often overlooked in assessments, highlighting the need for improved focus on
gender equality in school inspections globally.
GENDER EQUA
LITY IN
EDUCATION
REQUIRES UN
BIASED
CURRICULA AN
D
TEXTBOOKS
- Gender equality in education depends on curricula and
textbooks that are free from gender bias.
- Educational materials should promote equality in gender
relations.
- How students perceive themselves and their societal roles
is influenced by their school experiences, including how
genders are represented in textbooks.
- Ensuring unbiased educational content is crucial for
fostering gender-responsive instruction and shaping a fairer
society.
COMPREHENSI
VE
SEXUALITY
EDUCATION
- CSE equips young people with knowledge,
skills, and attitudes for safe and informed
decisions.

- Effective CSE should focus on gender

equality and human rights, not just HIV
prevention.

- CSE programs addressing gender power

relations are 5x more effective in reducing
STIs and unintended pregnancies.
- UNESCO's 2009 and 2018 guidelines provide age-appropriate, rights-based education
for ages 5-18, with a focus on human rights and gender equality.

- Despite supportive policies in 80% of 48 countries, gaps in implementation persist.

- Studies in Ghana and Kenya reveal issues such as incomplete information, lack of
resources, and teacher bias towards abstinence.

- Challenges include insufficient teacher training, lack of resources, opposition from

conservative groups, and cultural taboos around sexuality education.

WHILE CSE HAS POTENTIAL TO GREATLY IMPACT YOUTH HEALTH,

EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION REQUIRES OVERCOMING SIGNIFICANT
EDUCATIONAL AND CULTURAL BARRIERS.
 TEXTBOOKS
INCREASINGL
Y COVER
GENDER ISSU
ES BUT
PROGRESS IS
INSUFFICIENT
- Some countries, like Cuba, Finland, and Spain, have integrated gender
equality into national school curricula.
- Over the past 50 years, mentions of women and women's rights in
textbooks have increased.

- Despite progress, women remain underrepresented and often depicted in

traditional roles (e.g., housework, childcare).
Examples include:
- In Iran, women accounted for only 37% of textbook images
(2006-2007).
- In Jordan, only 21% of images in secondary history books were female.
- Across various countries, gender stereotypes persist in educational
materials.
 THE GOVERNM
ENT
AND CIVIL SO
CIETY
ACTIONS:
- The UN Human Rights Council urges states to periodically review textbooks to
eliminate gender stereotypes.
- Some countries, like Vietnam and Ghana, have policies for reviewing textbooks for
gender bias.
- In contrast, countries like Pakistan lack explicit gender criteria in textbook
reviews.

- Monitoring by parents and civil society can lead to positive changes, as seen in
South Africa, where a parent's Facebook post led to action against victim-blaming
content in textbooks.

WHILE THERE HAS BEEN PROGRESS IN ADDRESSING GENDER ISSUES IN

TEXTBOOKS, SIGNIFICANT WORK REMAINS TO ELIMINATE GENDER
BIAS AND ENSURE FAIR REPRESENTATION.
TEACHER EDU
CATION
CAN HELP ADD
RESS
UNDERLYING
GENDER
BIASES
WHAT IS GENDER BIASES?
-It refers to the preferential treatment or discriminatory
attitudes and behaviors based on an individual's gender .
 THE ROLE OF
TEACHERS IN
ADDRESSING
GENDER
BIASES
WHY IS IT IMPORTANT FOR TEACHERS TO RECOGNIZE GENDER BIASES?

- It is important for teachers to recognize gender biases because it can

have a significant impact on student development, academic performances, self
esteem and future opportunities.
STRATEGIES F
OR
TEACHERS TO
PREVENT GEND
ER
BIASES
1. IDENTIFY PERSONAL BIASES
-Teachers should reflect on their own attitudes and behaviors related to
gender and identify unconscious biases. Regular self-reflection or peer
feedback can help in recognizing any unintentional biases.

2. BALANCE PARTICIPATION
-Monitor and ensure that boys and girls have equal opportunities to
speak, lead activities, or participate in hands-on tasks.
3. OFFER CHOICE
-Provide a variety of activities that cater to different
interests, ensuring that all students can choose based on their
preferences rather than gender expectations.

4. ENCOURAGE RESPECT
-Foster a respectful classroom where students of all genders feel
comfortable expressing themselves without fear of judgment or
bias.
 1. Socialization
2. Gender
3. School
4. Teacher
5. Peers
6. Stereotype
7. Equality
8. Education
9. Discrimination
10. Environment
THANK YOU FOR LISTENING EVERYONE!!!