Social Studies

The following poster was created during World War I.

1. This poster was most likely created with the intention to

A. recruit soldiers to fight in the war.
B. give factual information about the destruction caused by the German
Empire.
C. praise the military might of Germany.
D. raise funds for the war effort.

2. Which term in the poster was historically used to demonize German soldiers
during World War I, and why was it considered an effective propaganda
tool?
A. Liberty Bonds
B. Beat
C. Hun
D. Back

Now, we know that no single weather event is caused solely by climate

change. Droughts and fires and floods, they go back to ancient times. But
we also know that in a world that’s warmer than it used to be, all weather
events are affected by a warming planet. The fact that sea levels in New
York, in New York Harbor, are now a foot higher than a century ago—
that didn’t cause Hurricane Sandy, but it certainly contributed to the
destruction that left large parts of our mightiest city dark and underwater.
3. The paragraph discusses the relationship between climate change and
specific weather events. Which of the following statements best captures the
nuanced understanding of cause and effect as presented in the text?
A. Climate change is directly responsible for all individual weather events,
including Hurricane Sandy.
B. While individual weather events such as droughts, fires, and floods have
occurred throughout history, the warming climate now influences all such
events.
C. Sea levels rising in New York Harbor directly caused Hurricane Sandy
and its resultant destruction.
D. The paragraph suggests that ancient weather events were more severe
than those influenced by modern climate change.

4. The paragraph discusses the influence of climate change on weather events,

emphasizing a nuanced understanding of cause and effect. Which statement
best captures this relationship as presented in the text?

A. Climate change is the sole cause of modern weather events, including

Hurricane Sandy.
B. While ancient weather events such as droughts, fires, and floods occurred
independently, modern weather events are solely caused by climate
change.
C. Climate change does not directly cause individual weather events like
Hurricane Sandy, but it increases their impact by contributing factors
such as rising sea levels.
D. The paragraph implies that modern weather events are less severe than
ancient weather events due to the mitigating effects of advanced
infrastructure.
 The photograph depicts a symbolic funeral procession for "Jim Crow,"
the term historically used to describe the system of racial segregation
laws in the United States, particularly in the South. The image shows a
group of African American men dressed in formal attire, carrying a coffin
down a city street with a banner that reads, "Here Lies Jim Crow." This
funeral represents the end of an era of legalized racial discrimination,
symbolizing the progress made in civil rights. The event likely reflects
the social and political movements that contributed to the dismantling of
Jim Crow laws, highlighting the collective effort to achieve racial
equality and justice.

5. The symbolic funeral for "Jim Crow" in the photograph most directly
signifies:

A. A legislative victory immediately following the signing of the Civil

Rights Act of 1964
B. A community-led movement marking the gradual dismantling of
institutionalized segregation over several decades
C. A direct response to a Supreme Court decision outlawing racial
segregation in public schools
D. A historical reenactment highlighting the injustices of past segregation
laws

6. Considering the historical context, the photograph most likely captures a

moment reflecting:

A. The immediate aftermath of the Supreme Court’s decision in Brown v.

Board of Education
B. A community's response to the passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965
C. A milestone in the broader civil rights movement, illustrating the
symbolic defeat of institutionalized racism
D. The enactment of the Civil Rights Act of 1957, the first federal civil
rights legislation since Reconstruction

Questions 7 and 8 are based on this information.

After the first armed clashes with British troops in 1775, the
Revolutionary War began. Representatives of all 13 colonies met as an
organization called the Continental Congress, and on July 4, 1776, they
issued the Declaration of Independence, officially rejecting British rule.
Although Thomas Jefferson is considered the primary author of this
document, other Founding Fathers, namely Benjamin Franklin and John
 Adams, helped to write it. The colonists would still have to fight many
bloody battles for their independence, but with the help of the French,
they forced the British to surrender in 1781 and signed a peace treaty in
1783.

7. Which underlying event significantly influenced the Continental Congress's

decision to issue the Declaration of Independence in 1776, reflecting the
height of escalating tensions and colonial grievances?

A. The strategic alliance and formal military aid agreement signed with France
in 1778, which strengthened colonial confidence in achieving independence
B. The accumulation of colonial grievances articulated in Thomas Jefferson's
initial proposals, which laid the philosophical groundwork for independence
in 1776
C. The series of legislative impositions and military actions by the British,
notably the armed clashes at Lexington and Concord in 1775, which
escalated the call for revolutionary war
D. The formal negotiations and eventual British surrender in 1781, which
retrospectively justified the colonies' bid for independence

8. What was the immediate consequence of the Continental Congress issuing

the Declaration of Independence in 1776?

A. The British agreed to a ceasefire and began peace negotiations

B. The colonies immediately gained independence and self-governance
C. The colonists officially rejected British rule, escalating the Revolutionary
War
D. The French formally declared their alliance with the American colonies

Under Johnson’s administration, many Southern states passed laws to

restrict the rights of freed blacks. Some of these “black codes”
prohibited blacks from owning property, owning firearms, testifying in
court, or simply occupying certain places. One such law justified the
arrest of blacks for vagrancy—loitering, wandering, or homelessness.
Once arrested, they could be forced to work for punishment in prison or
back on plantations; this exception to the 13th Amendment, which ended
slavery except as penalty for a crime, enabled slavery to continue
through the penal labor system. Former slaves also sought work through
sharecropping, a system in which families rented land from owners who
took a share of their crops in exchange.

9. Which of the following events occurred first?

 A. Former slaves sought work through sharecropping.
B. Southern states passed laws restricting the rights of freed blacks.
C. The 13th Amendment was passed, ending slavery.
D. The penal labor system utilized the exception in the 13th Amendment to
continue slavery.

10. What event immediately followed the passing of laws by Southern states to
restrict the rights of freed blacks?
A. Former slaves sought work through sharecropping.
B. The 13th Amendment was passed, ending slavery.
C. The penal labor system utilized the exception in the 13th Amendment to
continue slavery.
D. Freed blacks were arrested for vagrancy under the black codes.

11. The political cartoon titled "The Last Few Buttons Are Always the Hardest"
by Chapin in the St. Louis Star illustrates the struggle for women's suffrage.
What is the primary symbolism of the "buttons" in this cartoon?

A. The difficulty in convincing all states to support women's suffrage

B. The internal conflicts within the suffrage movement
C. The challenges faced by women in balancing personal and political
responsibilities
 D. The resistance from political leaders in passing the suffrage amendment

12. In the context of the early 20th century women's suffrage movement, how
does the cartoon "The Last Few Buttons Are Always the Hardest" by Chapin
in the St. Louis Star use visual propaganda techniques to convey its
message?

A. It exaggerates the ease of the ratification process to downplay the

suffrage movement's struggles.
B. It employs irony by depicting the suffrage movement as a simple task,
thereby undermining its significance.
C. It uses metaphor and personification to emphasize the perseverance and
challenges faced by suffragists.
D. It utilizes emotional appeal by depicting male politicians in a negative
light to garner sympathy for the suffrage cause.

Questions 13 and 14 refer to this image, capturing an antiwar protest in

New York City in 1967.

13. This group of demonstrators was burning draft cards to protest

A. the U.S. military strategy of burning lands in Vietnam.
B. the lottery system selecting men for mandatory service during the
Vietnam War.
C. age restrictions on military service.
D. Their university’s support for the Vietnam War.

14. Youth protests during this time used the slogan “Old enough to fight, old
enough to vote” to push for which of the following?
A. Voting Rights Act
 B. universal Suffrage
C. abolishing poll taxes
D. lowering the voting age to 18

Questions 15 and 16 refer to the following information.

Economic systems can be classified according to the degree of government

intervention and the type of control that the government exerts. A command
economy is one in which the government takes a very active role. If the
government chooses to use its control of the economy to redistribute all of the
money equally among all of the members of society, this is a command socialist
system. If the government controls the economy but allows the money to be
unevenly distributed, this is known as a command capitalistic system. An economy
in which the government takes no active role is known as a pure market economy.
The only things that control the distribution of money in a pure market economy
are market forces that no one person or organization can control.

15. It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following would NOT
be found in a pure market economy?
A. Monopolies
B. small businesses
C. unemployed workers
D. taxes and welfare

16. Of the following groups, which would probably benefit the LEAST from a
transition from a market economy to a socialist economy?
A. government employees
B. the unemployed
C. small shop owners with small profits
D. highly skilled labor

17. John has been offered two job positions. One offers a salary of $50,000 with
extensive training opportunities, and the other offers a salary of $55,000 but
with no additional training. If John chooses the job with extensive training,
what is his opportunity cost?
A. The salary difference of $5,000
B. The extensive training he will receive
C. The future career advancement from the training
D. The time spent in training sessions
18. If the company decides to lower the price of the sneakers due to the surplus,
what would be the immediate impact on the demand and supply of the
sneakers, assuming all other factors remain constant?

A. Demand will increase, and supply will decrease

B. Demand will decrease, and supply will increase
C. Demand will increase, and supply will remain the same
D. Demand will remain the same, and supply will decrease

19. If the sneaker company initially set the price of their sneakers too high,
resulting in only 150,000 pairs being sold out of the 200,000 produced.
Assume the company reduces the price of sneakers, and eventually, the
50,000 surplus pairs are sold. If they then decide to produce 250,000 pairs
for the next season without adjusting the price, what could likely happen
based on supply and demand principles?

A. They will sell all 250,000 pairs with increased profit

B. They will again have a surplus of sneakers

C. The demand will adjust to meet the new supply

D. The price will increase due to higher production

Questions 20 and 21 are based on the following excerpt, taken from John
O’Sullivan’s treatise “Manifest Destiny” (1839).

The American people having derived their origin from many other nations,
and the Declaration of National Independence being entirely based on the
great principle of human equality, these facts demonstrate at once our
disconnected position as regards any other nation; that we have, in reality,
but little connection with the past history of any of them, and still less with
all antiquity, its glories, or its crimes. On the contrary, our national birth was
the beginning of a new history, the formation and progress of an untried
political system, which separates us from the past and connects us with the
future only; and so far as regards the entire development of the natural rights
of man, in moral, political, and national life, we may confidently assume that
our country is destined to be the great nation of futurity…

20. Click on the description that does NOT correspond with O’Sullivan’s views
of the American nation presented in the passage above.
 (1) (2) (3) (4)

21. According to the passage, which of the following describes the destiny of the
United States?

A. The U.S. will follow the same path of development as other nations.
B. The U.S. will establish a superior economic system.
C. The U.S. will grow into a vast empire.
D. The U.S. will develop a new history of democracy

Questions (22 – 24 ) is based on the following graph of Country Z’s

inflation rates and Population growth.
 (2020)
Population Growth (In millions)
Inflation rates (In percent)

22. Based on the provided graph, during which period did Country Z experience
the highest inflation rate, and what was the population at that time?

A. 2000; 30 million
B. 2005; 35 million
C. 2015; 48 million
D. 2020; 55 million

23. Examine the period between 2005 and 2010. What is the relationship
between population growth and inflation during this time, and what might be
the economic implications?

A. Population grew rapidly, inflation decreased; suggesting increased

productivity
B. Population grew slowly, inflation increased; indicating supply constraints
C. Population and inflation both decreased; showing economic stagnation
D. Population grew, inflation remained the same; implying stable economic
conditions

24. Considering the entire period from 2000 to 2020, which trend best describes
the relationship between population growth and inflation in Country Z?
 A. As population increases, inflation consistently decreases
B. Inflation rates increase and decrease independently of population growth
C. Population growth leads directly to higher inflation rates
D. Inflation and population growth are inversely related throughout

Questions 25 through 27 refer to the following information.

When American colonists dreamed of their ideal land, they were

probably dreaming of the middle colonies: Pennsylvania, Delaware, New
York, and New Jersey. In these four colonies there were long, navigable
rivers and rich soils. The sun was bright, the temperature moderate, the
growing season long. The typical farm in the middle colonies was 200
acres, of which, perhaps one-half was cleared and planted. The farmers
grew vegetables and fruit, but their major crop was grain: wheat, barley,
oats, rye, and corn. Even with the poor tools and the wasteful techniques
of colonial agriculture, Pennsylvania farmers could produce a surplus.
Thus the middle-colony farmers were not just self-sufficient; they were
commercial farmers. Their colonies were nicknamed the "bread colonies"
because of all the grain they sold each year to other English colonies and
to Europe.

25. Which of the following is the author’s main conclusion?

A. In the middle colonies there were long, navigable rivers and rich soils.
B. The typical farm was 200 acres.
C. The major crop in the middle colonies was grain.
D. Middle-colony farmers were not just self-sufficient; they were
commercial farmers.

26. Which of the following is an opinion offered by the passage?

A. Pennsylvania, Delaware, New York, and New Jersey made up the middle
colonies.
B. The middle colonies had a long growing season.
C. The middle colonies fulfilled American colonists' vision of an ideal land.
D. Grain was the major crop of the middle colonies.

27. The information in the passage supports which of the following conclusions?

A. Middle-colony farmers who grow grain crops are likely not to have
surpluses.
B. Middle-colony farmers probably had money for things other than basic
necessities.
C. Grain was the main import of the other English colonies.
 D. Even today, the four states that were in the middle colonies are the
nation's richest agricultural region.

Questions 28 and 29 refer to the following cartoon and information.

In the early 1750s, the threat

of a French attack on the
American colonies prompted
discussions of defense.
Benjamin Franklin made his
view known in the above
cartoon, which was
published in the
Pennsylvania Gazette.

28. In the cartoon above, what do the segments of the snake stand for?

A. The colonies
B. Secret defense plans
C. Franklin’s supports
D. Native American tribes allied with France

29. Based on the cartoon, which of the following opinions did Franklin probably
hold?

A. The colonies must unify for defense.

B. The French would not attack the colonies.
C. The Native Americans would join the French.
D. The colonies faced defeat unless they separated from Great Britain.
 Question 30 is based on the following graph.

30. Based on the information in the graph, which of the following proposals
might best improve the voting rate?
A. Distribute umbrellas to all households to encourage people to vote on
rainy election days.
B. Organize buses to help people get to voting places.
C. Reschedule Election Day to a weekend so that people who are busy at
work and at school can be available to vote.
D. Send reminders to registered voters so they do not forget to vote.