INTERNSHIP REPORT

A report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Award of Degree

of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

in

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Submitted by

SAYYAD RAHIMAN

Roll. No.: 219Y1A04E3

Under Supervision of

Mr. M. UMAMAHESWARA RAO,

Senior Executive Technical Trainer,

INTERNSHIP PROVIDER APSSDC

(Duration: From 06-06-2024 to 31-07-2024)

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

K.S.R.M. COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (AUTONOMOUS)

(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi & Affiliated to JNTUA, Ananthapuramu)

(Accredited by NAAC, New Delhi)

(An ISO 9001:2018, 14001:2004 Certified Institution)

KADAPA – 516003 (A.P.)

2024- 202
 K.S.R.M. COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (AUTONOMOUS)
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi & Affiliated to JNTUA, Ananthapuramu)

(Accredited by NAAC, New Delhi)

(An ISO 9001:2018, 14001:2004 Certified Institution)

KADAPA – 516003 (A.P.)

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the “Automatic Door System with Alcohol Detection

Sensor” submitted by SAYYAD RAHIMAN (219Y1A04E3) is work done by him and

submitted during 2024-25 academic year, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
award of the degree of BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY in “ELECTRONICS AND
COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING” at APSSDC.

Internship Co-Coordinator: Internship Coordinator:

Sri M. Prabhakar, M.Tech., Sri Y. Venkateswara Raju, M.Tech.,

Assistant Professor, Assistant Professor,

Department of E.C.E. Department of E.C.E.

Head of the Department:

Dr. V Vijaya Kishore, M.Tech., Ph.D.,

Professor and Head,

Department of E.C.E.
K.S.R.M College of Engineering, Dept., Of E.C.E
K.S.R.M College of Engineering, Dept., Of E.C.E
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It is really a pleasure for me to get an opportunity to thank all the persons who
contributed directly or indirectly for the successful completion of my Internship in “APSSDC”.

It is my first and foremost duty to thank Mr. M. UMAMAHESWARA RAO, Senior

Executive Technical Trainer at APSSDC for providing me the opportunity to work on such
interesting training. His guidance, encouragement, and valuable suggestions helped me a lot
from the beginning of the Internship training till the completion. I am greatly indebted to him.

I am highly indebted to our Principal Prof. V.S.S. MURTHY, Dr. V. VIJAYA

KISHORE, Head of the Electronics & Communication Engineering Department, for giving
great support all the time that inspired me a lot.

I express my deep gratitude to our Internship Coordinator Sri Y. V. RAJU, Assistant

Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering for his support,
guidance, valuable suggestions, encouragement to get and complete Internship in APSSDC. I
am highly indebted to him.

My sincere thanks to all those who have extended their ready help and cooperation in
completing this Internship Training.

SAYYAD RAHIMAN
219Y1A04E3
VI Sem ECE

K.S.R.M College of Engineering, Dept., Of E.C.E

Abstract
Title: Automatic Door System with Alcohol Detection Sensor
This report presents a novel embedded system solution for preventing drunk driving and
ensuring public safety. The problem of alcohol-impaired individuals accessing sensitive areas
prompted the design of an automatic door system integrating alcohol detection sensors.
Methodology involved literature review, system design, prototyping, and testing using
Arduino, sensors, and actuators. Key components include alcohol sensors, microcontrollers,
and door actuators. Findings indicate accurate alcohol detection and efficient door control.
Solutions provided include system integration, algorithm development, and hardware
optimization. Benefits to companies/institutions include enhanced safety, reduced liability, and
improved regulatory compliance.

Problem/Opportunity
The growing concern of drunk driving and alcohol-related accidents in public places
necessitates innovative solutions. Existing systems rely on manual checks, which are prone to
human error. An automated system integrating alcohol detection sensors can effectively prevent
intoxicated individuals from accessing sensitive areas.

Methodology
1. Literature review on embedded systems, alcohol sensors, and automatic door systems.
2. System design and architecture development.
3. Prototyping using Arduino, sensors (MQ-3, HC-SR04), and actuators (DC motor).
4. Testing and validation.
Key Parts of the Report
1. System Architecture
2. Hardware Design
3. Software Development (Algorithm)
4. Testing and Results
5. Conclusion and Recommendations

Findings and Solutions

Findings:
1. Accurate alcohol detection using MQ-3 sensor.
2. Efficient door control using DC motor.
3. Reliable system performance.

K.S.R.M College of Engineering, Dept., Of E.C.E

Solutions:
1. Integrated system design.
2. Optimized algorithm for sensor data processing.
3. Hardware optimization for reduced power consumption.

Benefits to the Company/Institution

1. Enhanced safety and security.
2. Reduced liability.
3. Improved regulatory compliance.
4. Increased efficiency.
5. Potential for integration with existing access control systems.

K.S.R.M College of Engineering, Dept., Of E.C.E

 CONTENTS
Topic Name page No:

List of figures 9

Learning Objectives/Internship Objectives 10

CHAPTER 1: Theory of Embedded System 11 - 17

1.1 Introduction
1.2 Embedded systems
1.2.1 Definition
1.2.2 Structure
1.3 Important Characteristics of an Embedded System
1.4 Advantages and disadvantages
1.5 Execution from RAM in Embedded System
1.6 Future trends on embedded system

CHAPTER 2: Literature Survey 18 - 19

2.1 literature survey

CHAPTER 3: Micro Controller 20 - 25

3.1 Introduction
3.2 Types of Micro Controllers
3.3 Arduino
3.3.1 Introduction
3.4 Advantages and Disadvantages of Arduino

CHAPTER 4: Automatic Door System with Alcohol sensor. 26 - 44

4.1 Introduction
4.2 Components Required
4.2.1 Arduino Uno
4.2.2 Bread board
4.2.3 LED’s
4.2.4 Resistors (220 ohm,1K ohm)
4.2.5 Servo Motor
4.2.6 MQ2 sensor
4.2.7 Buzzer
4.3 Software Used
4.4 Circuit Setup
4.4.1 Connections
4.4.2 Code
4.4.3 Working and Outcomes

CHAPTER 5: Conclusion, Future Scope & Bibliography 45 - 48

K.S.R.M College of Engineering, Dept., Of E.C.E

 LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Name page No.
Fig1.1 Embedded System 15

Fig.1.2 Microcontroller’s Memory map 16

Fig.2.1 Automatic door system 22

Fig3.1. Arduino uno 27

Fig.4.2.1.1 Arduino uno board 31

Fig.4.2.2.1 Bread Board 33

Fig.4.2.3.1 LED Internal structure 34

Fig.4.2.4.1 Resistors 36

Fig.4.2.5.1 construction of servo motor 37

Fig.4.2.6.1 MQ2 Gas Sensor 38

Fig.4.2.7.1 piezo 39

Fig.4.3.1 Tinkercad software logo 41

Fig.4.4.1.1 Circuit Connections 41

K.S.R.M College of Engineering, Dept., Of E.C.E

APSSDC Summer Internship on Embedded Systems
Learning Objectives:
By the end of this internship, the intern will be able to:
Technical Skills:
1. Understand the fundamentals of embedded systems, microcontrollers, and their
applications.
2. Design, develop, and test embedded systems using Arduino, Raspberry Pi, or other
platforms.
3. Interface sensors, actuators, and other devices with microcontrollers.
4. Implement communication protocols (UART, SPI, I2C, etc.).
Project Management:
1. Define project requirements and scope.
2. Design and propose a system architecture.
3. Develop and test a prototype.
4. Document and present project outcomes.
Soft Skills:
1. Work effectively in a team environment.
2. Communicate technical ideas and concepts to non-technical stakeholders.
3. Analyze and troubleshoot system issues.
APSSDC Specific Objectives:
1. Understand the role of embedded systems in IoT applications.
2. Familiarize with industry-standard tools and software.
3. Develop innovative solutions for real-world problems.
Duration: 6-8 weeks
Evaluation Criteria:
1. Project performance (40%)
2. Technical skills (30%)
3. Soft skills (20%)
4. Attendance and participation (10%)
Source:
APSSDC (Andhra Pradesh State Skill Development Corporation) documentation.

K.S.R.M College of Engineering, Dept., Of E.C.E

CHAPTER 1: THEORY OF EMBEDDED
SYSTEMS

K.S.R.M College of Engineering, Dept., Of E.C.E

 CHAPTER 1: Theory of Embedded System

1.1 Introduction:

Before going to the overview of Embedded Systems, Let’s first know the two basic
things i.e embedded and system, and what actually do they mean.
System is a set of interrelated parts/components which are designed/developed to
perform common tasks or to do some specific work for which it has been created.
Embedded means including something with anything for a reason. Or simply we can
say something which is integrated or attached to another thing. Now after getting
what actual systems and embedded mean we can easily understand what are
Embedded Systems.
1.2 Embedded system:

1.2.1 Definition: Embedded System is an integrated system that is formed as a

combination of computer hardware and software for a specific function. It can be said
as a dedicated computer system has been developed for some particular reason. But
it is not our traditional computer system or general-purpose computers, these are the
Embedded systems that may work independently or attached to a larger system to
work on a few specific functions. These embedded systems can work without human
intervention or with little human intervention.

Three main components of Embedded systems are:

1. Hardware
2. Software
3. Firmware

Some examples of embedded systems:

 Digital watches
 Washing Machine
 Toys
 Televisions
 Digital phones
 Laser Printer
 Cameras
 Industrial machines
 Electronic Calculators
 Automobiles
 Medical Equipment

K.S.R.M College of Engineering, Dept., Of E.C.E

1.2.2 Structure Diagram of Embedded System:

Fig1.1 Embedded System

1.3 Important Characteristics of an Embedded System:

1. Performs specific task: Embedded systems perform some specific function or tasks.
2. Low Cost: The price of an embedded system is not so expensive.
3. Time Specific: It performs the tasks within a certain time frame.
4. Low Power: Embedded Systems don’t require much power to operate.
5. High Efficiency: The efficiency level of embedded systems is so high.
6. Minimal User interface: These systems require less user interface and are easy to use.
7. Less Human intervention: Embedded systems require no human intervention or very
less human intervention.
8. Highly Stable: Embedded systems do not change frequently mostly fixed maintaining
stability.
9. High Reliability: Embedded systems are reliable they perform tasks consistently well.
10. Use microprocessors or microcontrollers: Embedded systems use microprocessors
or microcontrollers to design and use limited memory.

K.S.R.M College of Engineering, Dept., Of E.C.E

1.4 Advantages and disadvantages of Embedded System:
Advantages:
 Small size.
 Enhanced real-time performance.
 Easily customizable for a specific application.
Disadvantages:
 High development cost.
 Time-consuming design process.
 As it is application-specific less market available.

1.5 Execution from RAM in Embedded System

Introduction:
Unlike application programs in computers, software in embedded systems do not execute
from RAM. In vast majority of modern embedded system architectures, programs
(instructions) are stored in microcontroller’s flash memory (code flash/ program flash) and
directly executes in place. Earlier, ROM were used for program storage and execution.
Due to emerging technologies in memory devices, nowadays flash memory is being used. RAM
is a volatile memory and contains nothing upon reset or power cycle. It is used to store data
and hold the value of variables at run time. One can safely develop an embedded product by
storing and executing the program in code flash
downloading tool and debugger). MCU’s have dedicated portions of memory space for code
flash and RAM. Memory maps in advanced microcontrollers contain Data flash, DSPR, PSPR,
Boot ROM, EEPROM, debug memory etc. To make it simple, we will consider code flash to
store and execute the programs and RAM to store the variables and data. There are certain
situations where it becomes mandatory to run subroutines from RAM.
This article covers the need to copy a code section to RAM, various ways to implement it, its
advantages and disadvantages. Copying to RAM means hosting two copies of code– one in
flash and other in RAM.

Fig.1.2 Microcontroller’s Memory map

K.S.R.M College of Engineering, Dept., Of E.C.E

Need of Execution from RAM:
1. During reprogramming of flash memory (Bootloader functionality), certain functions
to be executed from RAM like erase program flash, write data to program flash. The
code shall not run from the same flash memory that is being erased/ programmed. In
some chips, flash memory freezes while performing the operations on flash. Hence the
code section is required to be placed in RAM and execute.
2. During reprogramming of flash memory (Bootloader functionality), Interrupt vector
addresses and ISR’s to be placed and executed from RAM.
3. Bootloaders executing from RAM. The safest way for bootloader functionality is to
receive the bootloader file from host device and place the complete code in RAM.
4. Running programs from RAM is much faster than running from flash e.g. placing
frequently executing code in RAM for time optimization.
5. Some schedulers in embedded systems create task in RAM which points to program in
flash.
6. Run the application from RAM while flash operation is in progress.
Copy code section and Execute from RAM:
1. Some controllers provide quite a straight forward way to copy a code to RAM. All you need
is, go through toolchain and user manuals. Different ways are listed below –
 Some controllers provide an attribute or an API or compiler directives to copy code to
RAM.
 In some controllers, start-up routine runtime code (which itself executes from flash)
copies program opcodes from flash to RAM as per need as it does for initialized
variables.
 In some controllers, update of linker script would be enough to place the code section
in RAM. But there must be some source code which copies code section to RAM. In
most of the cases, internally done by startup routine.
2. Copy function to RAM –
 Below snippet copies the func_to_be_copied() function to RAM. dummy_endfunc () is
located at the end of function to determine the size of the func_to_be_copied(). Ensure
that the dummy_endfunc() is not optimized by compiler. Compiler directives like
“#pragma” can be used to avoid optimization. ExecuteRamFunc() can be called to
execute func_to_be_copied() from RAM.

K.S.R.M College of Engineering, Dept., Of E.C.E

  C

// Global buffer stored in RAM and function is copied to this buffer

unsigned char RAM_area[1024]
void func_to_be_copied(void)
{
//piece of code
}
// No other function to be placed in between
// Make compiler settings for not to optimize dummy_endfunc
void dummy_endfunc(void)
{
// No code
}

void CopyFlashFuncToRam(void)
{
unsigned long int func_size = 0, cntr;
unsigned char *dest_ptr;
dest_ptr = (unsigned char *) func_to_be_copied ;
func_size = (unsigned long int)dummy_endfunc - (unsigned long int)func_to_be_copied;
for(cntr = 0; cntr < func_size; cntr++)
{
RAM_area[cntr] = dest_ptr[cntr];
}
}

void ExecuteRamFunc(void)
{
void(*func_ptr)(void) = (void(*)(void)) &RAM_area[0];

K.S.R.M College of Engineering, Dept., Of E.C.E

 func_ptr();
}

3. Size of the function can also be calculated by the use of return statement that can be placed
at the end of func_to_be_copied(). Start copying the function till you encounter the opcode of
return statement. There exist a risk that the data used inside function can be same as the return
statement’s opcode. For this, you need to understand the alignment requirements of the
instructions by referring the user manual.
4. Copy code section to RAM –
Consider you have a piece of code placed in flash memory say a bootloader code which needs
to be executed from RAM. The size of bootloader should be well known in advance. A signature
byte can also be written at the end of bootloader code while downloading to flash to know the
code size. If the size of bootloader is not known then the size of section allocated can be
considered. The section of code can be copied to RAM in same way as explained in point no.
(2). Make sure that the RAM is reserved in the linker script to be used for instruction execution.
While executing from RAM, consider the following –
 The RAM used for instruction execution shall be reserved either through linker script
or by declaring global buffer.
 The start address of copied section shall be known so that the Program Counter can be
pointed correctly or execute by pointing function pointer to the correct address.
 RAM test can be performed at boot time to ensure its correctness.
Advantages:
1. Performance –
Time optimization if the frequently executed critical routines are placed in RAM. RAM
execution is significantly faster than flash.
2. Short addressing is usually required if code is executing from RAM i.e. accessing the
controller’s RAM, data flash or EEPROM can be accessed by short pointers whereas if
the code is executing from flash (flash are typically large memories, 100’s of KB to
MB’s), it would need long addressing. In short addressing, assembler usually generates
the instructions like sjmp, acall etc. which typically takes lesser number of machine
cycles.
Disadvantages:
1. RAM is a scarce resource, expensive and is usually of much smaller size compared to
flash. If the non-static code is placed in RAM, it is the wastage of RAM space, thereby
limiting the usage of variable data.
2. Hosting of the same routine at two places- one in flash and other in RAM.
3. Debugging code in RAM is hard. Debugging can be done in disassembly. ELF files are
generally used for debugging which contains debug information, symbol tables etc.

K.S.R.M College of Engineering, Dept., Of E.C.E

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE SURVAY

K.S.R.M College of Engineering, Dept., Of E.C.E

2.1 Literature survey:
 An automatic door is an automated movable barrier installed at the entrance of a room,
building or space to control and restrict access or provide privacy. Also, an automatic
door indicates a door that opens on its own as a moving object approaches it. It is an
electro-mechanical door that has undergone the process of automation. The reason for
making the sliding door automatic is to allow people to gain easy entrance in and out
without having anyone to keep opening and closing the sliding door. For people in
wheelchairs and other disabled individuals, automatic doors are an immense boon, since
conventional doors can be very hard to work with. It may be impossible to open a
conventional door while seated in a wheelchair or navigating with crutches, for
example, and for people with disabilities in their hands and arms, conventional doors
can present a real obstacle.

 The sliding door operator, is made up of the following main components: a power
source, an electric motor, a belt-pulley system, sensors, a controller. Power from the
supply is first routed to the power source, which then distribute the power to the electric
motor, sensors, and micro controller. The rechargeable battery is charged by a charging
circuit from the power source and serves as an auxiliary power source in case of power
failure. The electric motor is used to drive the system. The motor drives a pulley at one
end of a belt, and at the other end, is a fixed pulley.

Fig.2.1 Automatic door system

K.S.R.M College of Engineering, Dept., Of E.C.E

 CHAPTER 3: MICRO CONTROLLER

3.1 Introduction:

K.S.R.M College of Engineering, Dept., Of E.C.E

A microcontroller is a compact integrated circuit designed to govern a specific operation in
an embedded system. A typical microcontroller includes a processor, memory and
input/output (I/O) peripherals on a single chip.
Sometimes referred to as an embedded controller or microcontroller unit (MCU),
microcontrollers are found in vehicles, robots, office machines, medical devices, mobile radio
transceivers, vending machines and home appliances, among other devices. They are
essentially simple miniature personal computers (PCs) designed to control small features of a
larger component, without a complex front-end operating system (OS).
How do microcontrollers work?
A microcontroller is embedded inside of a system to control a singular function in a device. It
does this by interpreting data it receives from its I/O peripherals using its central processor.
The temporary information that the microcontroller receives is stored in its data memory, where
the processor accesses it and uses instructions stored in its program memory to decipher and
apply the incoming data. It then uses its I/O peripherals to communicate and enact the
appropriate action.
Microcontrollers are used in a wide array of systems and devices. Devices often utilize multiple
microcontrollers that work together within the device to handle their respective tasks.
For example, a car might have many microcontrollers that control various individual systems
within, such as the anti-lock braking system, traction control, fuel injection or suspension
control. All the microcontrollers communicate with each other to inform the correct actions.
Some might communicate with a more complex central computer within the car, and others
might only communicate with other microcontrollers. They send and receive data using their
I/O peripherals and process that data to perform their designated tasks.
What are the elements of a microcontroller?
The core elements of a microcontroller are:
 The processor (CPU) -- A processor can be thought of as the brain of the device. It
processes and responds to various instructions that direct the microcontroller's function.
This involves performing basic arithmetic, logic and I/O operations. It also performs
data transfer operations, which communicate commands to other components in the
larger embedded system.
 Memory -- A microcontroller's memory is used to store the data that the processor
receives and uses to respond to instructions that it's been programmed to carry out. A
microcontroller has two main memory types:
1. Program memory, which stores long-term information about the instructions
that the CPU carries out. Program memory is non-volatile memory, meaning it
holds information over time without needing a power source.
2. Data memory, which is required for temporary data storage while the
instructions are being executed. Data memory is volatile, meaning the data it
holds is temporary and is only maintained if the device is connected to a power
source.

K.S.R.M College of Engineering, Dept., Of E.C.E

  I/O peripherals -- The input and output devices are the interface for the processor to the
outside world. The input ports receive information and send it to the processor in the
form of binary data. The processor receives that data and sends the necessary
instructions to output devices that execute tasks external to the microcontroller.
While the processor, memory and I/O peripherals are the defining elements of the
microprocessor, there are other elements that are frequently included. The term I/O
peripherals itself simply refers to supporting components that interface with the memory and
processor. There are many supporting components that can be classified as peripherals. Having
some manifestation of an I/O peripheral is elemental to a microprocessor, because they are the
mechanism through which the processor is applied.
Other supporting elements of a microcontroller include:
 Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) -- An ADC is a circuit that converts analog signals
to digital signals. It allows the processor at the center of the microcontroller to interface
with external analog devices, such as sensors.
 Digital to Analog Converter (DAC) -- A DAC performs the inverse function of an ADC
and allows the processor at the center of the microcontroller to communicate its
outgoing signals to external analog components.
 System bus -- The system bus is the connective wire that links all components of the
microcontroller together.
 Serial port -- The serial port is one example of an I/O port that allows the
microcontroller to connect to external components. It has a similar function to a USB
or a parallel port but differs in the way it exchanges bits.
Microcontroller features
A microcontroller's processor will vary by application. Options range from the simple 4-bit, 8-
bit or 16-bit processors to more complex 32-bit or 64-bit processors. Microcontrollers can use
volatile memory types such as random access memory (RAM) and non-volatile memory types
-- this includes flash memory, erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM) and
electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM).
Generally, microcontrollers are designed to be readily usable without additional computing
components because they are designed with sufficient onboard memory as well as offering pins
for general I/O operations, so they can directly interface with sensors and other components.
Microcontroller architecture can be based on the Harvard architecture or von Neumann
architecture, both offering different methods of exchanging data between the processor and
memory. With a Harvard architecture, the data bus and instruction are separate, allowing for
simultaneous transfers. With a Von Neumann architecture, one bus is used for both data and
instructions.
Microcontroller processors can be based on complex instruction set computing (CISC) or
reduced instruction set computing (RISC). CISC generally has around 80 instructions while
RISC has about 30, as well as more addressing modes, 12-24 compared to RISC's 3-5. While
CISC can be easier to implement and has more efficient memory use, it can have performance
degradation due to the higher number of clock cycles needed to execute instructions. RISC,

K.S.R.M College of Engineering, Dept., Of E.C.E

which places more emphasis on software, often provides better performance than CISC
processors, which put more emphasis on hardware, due to its simplified instruction set and,
therefore, increased design simplicity, but because of the emphasis it places on software, the
software can be more complex. Which ISC is used varies depending on application.
When they first became available, microcontrollers solely used assembly language. Today,
the C programming language is a popular option. Other common microprocessor languages
include Python and JavaScript.
MCUs feature input and output pins to implement peripheral functions. Such functions include
analog-to-digital converters, liquid crystal display (LCD) controllers, real-time clock (RTC),
universal synchronous/asynchronous receiver transmitter (USART), timers, universal
asynchronous receiver transmitter (UART) and universal serial bus (USB) connectivity.
Sensors gathering data related to humidity and temperature, among others, are also often
attached to microcontrollers.
3.2 Types of microcontrollers
Common MCUs include the Intel MCS-51, often referred to as an 8051 microcontroller, which
was first developed in 1985; the AVR microcontroller developed by Atmel in 1996; the
programmable interface controller (PIC) from Microchip Technology; and various licensed
Advanced RISC Machines (ARM) microcontrollers.
A number of companies manufacture and sell microcontrollers, including NXP
Semiconductors, Renesas Electronics, Silicon Labs and Texas Instruments.
Microcontroller applications
Microcontrollers are used in multiple industries and applications, including in the home and
enterprise, building automation, manufacturing, robotics, automotive, lighting, smart energy,
industrial automation, communications and internet of things (IoT) deployments.
One very specific application of a microcontroller is its use as a digital signal processor.
Frequently, incoming analog signals come with a certain level of noise. Noise in this context
means ambiguous values that cannot be readily translated into standard digital values. A
microcontroller can use its ADC and DAC to convert the incoming noisy analog signal into an
even outgoing digital signal.
The simplest microcontrollers facilitate the operation of electromechanical systems found in
everyday convenience items, such as ovens, refrigerators, toasters, mobile devices, key fobs,
video game systems, televisions and lawn-watering systems. They are also common in office
machines such as photocopiers, scanners, fax machines and printers, as well as Smart meters,
ATMs and security systems.
More sophisticated microcontrollers perform critical functions in aircraft, spacecraft, ocean-
going vessels, vehicles, medical and life-support systems as well as in robots. In medical
scenarios, microcontrollers can regulate the operations of an artificial heart, kidney or other
organs. They can also be instrumental in the functioning of prosthetic devices.
Microcontrollers vs. microprocessors

K.S.R.M College of Engineering, Dept., Of E.C.E

The distinction between microcontrollers and microprocessors has gotten less clear as chip
density and complexity has become relatively cheap to manufacture and microcontrollers have
thus integrated more "general computer" types of functionality. On the whole, though,
microcontrollers can be said to function usefully on their own, with a direct connection to
sensors and actuators, where microprocessors are designed to maximize compute power on the
chip, with internal bus connections (rather than direct I/O) to supporting hardware such as
RAM and serial ports. Simply put, coffee makers use microcontrollers; desktop computers use
microprocessors.

3.3 Arduino:
3.3.1 Introduction:
Arduino is an open-source electronics platform that consists of both hardware and software
components. It was created to make it easy for people, especially those without a background
in electronics or programming, to create interactive projects and prototypes.
The Arduino hardware typically consists of a microcontroller board with various input and
output pins, which can be used to connect sensors, actuators, and other electronic components.
These boards come in different variations, offering different capabilities and form factors.
The Arduino software, also known as the Integrated Development Environment (IDE), is a
user-friendly interface that allows you to write, compile, and upload code to the Arduino board.
The programming language used is a simplified version of C/C++, making it accessible for
beginners.

Fig3.1. Arduino uno

3.4 Advantages and Disadvantages of Arduino:

K.S.R.M College of Engineering, Dept., Of E.C.E

Advantages:
1. Easy to Learn: Arduino has a simple and intuitive programming language, making it
perfect for beginners.
2. Affordable: Arduino boards are relatively inexpensive, with prices starting from around
$20.
3. Open-Source: Arduino's hardware and software are open-source, allowing for community-
driven development and customization.
4. Flexibility: Arduino boards can be used for a wide range of projects, from simple LED
circuits to complex robotics.
5. Large Community: Arduino has a massive community of developers, makers, and
hobbyists, ensuring plenty of resources and support.
6. Cross-Platform: Arduino software can run on Windows, macOS, and Linux.
7. Extensive Library: Arduino has a vast library of pre-written code for various components
and modules.
8. Rapid Prototyping: Arduino enables quick testing and iteration of ideas, making it ideal for
prototyping.

Disadvantages:
1. Limited Processing Power: Arduino boards have limited processing power, making them
unsuitable for complex computations.
2. Memory Constraints: Arduino boards have limited memory, restricting the size and
complexity of programs.
3. Not Suitable for High-Speed Applications: Arduino's processing speed is not sufficient for
high-speed applications like video processing or real-time data analysis.
4. Limited Analog Input Resolution: Arduino's analog input resolution is limited, affecting the
accuracy of analog readings.
5. Dependence on Libraries: Arduino's functionality relies heavily on libraries, which can be
outdated or incompatible.
6. Not Ideal for Commercial Products: Arduino boards are not designed for mass production
or commercial use, with limitations on scalability and reliability.
7. Limited Connectivity Options: Arduino boards have limited connectivity options, making
it difficult to integrate with other devices or systems.
8. Debugging Challenges: Arduino's simplicity can make debugging more challenging due to
the lack of advanced debugging tools.

K.S.R.M College of Engineering, Dept., Of E.C.E

 CHAPTER 4: AUTOMATIC DOOR
SYSTEM WITH ALCOHOL SENSOR

K.S.R.M College of Engineering, Dept., Of E.C.E

4.1 Introduction:
The Automatic Door System with Alcohol Detection Sensor project. As we all know,
safety and security are top priorities in various settings, including public spaces, workplaces,
and transportation hubs. Our project aims to integrate an innovative solution that combines
convenience, security, and responsible behavior.
The Automatic Door System with Alcohol Detection Sensor is designed to detect the presence
of alcohol on an individual's breath and automatically deny entry if the detected level exceeds
a predetermined threshold. This system has far-reaching applications, from preventing
intoxicated individuals from entering public spaces or operating heavy machinery to enhancing
safety in various environments.
Our team has worked diligently to design, develop, and test this system, leveraging cutting-
edge technologies and sensors to create a reliable, efficient, and user-friendly solution. In this
presentation, we will delve into the project's objectives, design and implementation, testing and
results, and potential applications and future developments.

4.2 Components Required:

4.2.1 Arduino Uno:
The Arduino Uno is a popular microcontroller board based on the
ATmega328P microcontroller. Here's an overview:

Key Features:
1. Microcontroller: ATmega328P (8-bit, 16 MHz)
2. Memory:
- Flash: 32 KB (of which 0.5 KB is used by the bootloader)
- SRAM: 2 KB
- EEPROM: 1 KB
3. Input/Output:
- Digital I/O: 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)
- Analog I/O: 6
4. Communication:
- USB (via ATmega16U2)
- Serial (UART)
5. Power:
- USB-powered
- External power (6-20V)
6. Dimensions: 68.6 mm x 53.4 mm

Connectivity:
1. USB Connector: For programming and serial communication
2. Power Jack: For external power supply
3. ICSP Header: For in-circuit serial programming
4. Digital and Analog Pins: For connecting sensors, actuators, and other components

K.S.R.M College of Engineering, Dept., Of E.C.E

Software:
1. Arduino IDE: A free, open-source development environment for writing and uploading
code
2. Programming Language: Based on C/C++, with a simplified syntax and libraries for easy
development

Applications:
1. Robotics
2. Home Automation
3. IoT Projects
4. Prototyping

Advantages:
1. Easy to Use: Perfect for beginners and hobbyists
2. Affordable: Priced around $20-$30
3. Large Community: Extensive resources, libraries, and tutorials available
4. Flexible: Suitable for a wide range of projects and applications

Limitations:
1. Processing Power: Limited by the 8-bit microcontroller
2. Memory Constraints: Limited flash, SRAM, and EEPROM memory

Overall, the Arduino Uno is an excellent board for beginners, prototyping, and small-scale
projects, offering a great balance of ease of use, flexibility, and affordability.

Fig.4.2.1.1 Arduino uno board

K.S.R.M College of Engineering, Dept., Of E.C.E

 4.2.2 Bread board:
A breadboard is a rectangular-shaped electronic prototyping tool
used to build and test temporary circuits. It's a essential tool for electronics enthusiasts,
hobbyists, and professionals. Here's an overview:

Key Features:
1. Grid Pattern: A series of rows and columns of conductive strips, usually with a 0.1-inch
pitch.
2. Socketed Strips: Each strip has sockets to hold electronic components, such as resistors,
capacitors, and integrated circuits.
3. Jumper Wires: Used to connect components and strips.
4. Power Rails: Dedicated strips for power distribution, often marked with "+" and "-"
signs.

Types of Breadboards:
1. Full-Size Breadboard: 830-point, 16.5 cm x 5.5 cm (6.5 in x 2.2 in)
2. Half-Size Breadboard: 400-point, 8.3 cm x 5.5 cm (3.3 in x 2.2 in)
3. Mini Breadboard: 170-point, 3.3 cm x 4.4 cm (1.3 in x 1.7 in)
4. Reusable Breadboard: With removable adhesive strips for easy component placement.

Advantages:
1. Easy to Use: No soldering required, making it perfect for prototyping and testing.
2. Temporary Connections: Components can be easily added, removed, or rearranged.
3. Space-Saving: Components are held snugly, minimizing space usage.
4. Cost-Effective: Inexpensive compared to printed circuit boards (PCBs).

Common Uses:
1. Prototyping: Test and refine circuit designs before moving to PCBs.
2. Education: Teach electronics and circuit design concepts.
3. Repair and Troubleshooting: Temporarily replace or test components in existing
circuits.
4. Proof-of-Concept: * Demonstrate ideas and concepts before investing in PCBs.

Tips and Best Practices:

1. Use Jumper Wires Wisely: Keep them organized and secure to prevent shorts.
2. Label Components: * For easy identification and debugging.
3. Keep it Clean: * Regularly clean the breadboard to prevent oxidation and ensure good
connections.
4. Document Your Work: * Take notes and photos for future reference.

In summary, breadboards are versatile, easy-to-use tools for building and testing
electronic circuits. They're perfect for prototyping, education, and repair, offering a cost-
effective and space-saving solution for electronics enthusiasts and professionals.

K.S.R.M College of Engineering, Dept., Of E.C.E

 Fig.4.2.2.1 Bread Board

4.2.3 LED’s:
LED (Light Emitting Diode) lights are a type of semiconductor device that
converts electrical energy into light. Here's a comprehensive overview:

How LEDs Work:

1. Electrical Current: When an electric current passes through the LED, it excites the
semiconductor material.
2. Electron-Hole Recombination: As the electrons recombine with holes, energy is
released as photons, producing light.
3. Light Emission: The colour of the light depends on the energy gap of the semiconductor
material.

Characteristics:
1. Energy Efficiency: LEDs use significantly less energy than incandescent bulbs and CFLs.
2. Long Lifespan: LEDs can last up to 50,000 hours or more, compared to 1,000-2,000
hours for incandescent bulbs.
3. Durability: LEDs are resistant to shock, vibration, and extreme temperatures.
4. Instant On: LEDs turn on instantly, unlike CFLs which can take time to warm up.
5. Environmentally Friendly: LEDs are free of toxic chemicals like mercury and lead.

Types of LEDs:
1. Standard LEDs: General-purpose LEDs for various applications.
2. High-Power LEDs: Brighter LEDs for applications like lighting and automotive.
3. RGB LEDs: Combine red, green, and blue LEDs for color-changing capabilities.
4. UV LEDs: Emit ultraviolet light for applications like curing and disinfection.
5. IR LEDs: Emit infrared light for applications like remote controls and night vision.

K.S.R.M College of Engineering, Dept., Of E.C.E

Applications:
1. General Lighting: Residential, commercial, and industrial lighting.
2. Automotive: Headlights, taillights, and interior lighting.
3. Backlighting: Displays, signage, and keyboards.
4. Indicator Lights: Status indicators, warning lights, and signal lights.
5. Specialty Lighting: Stage lighting, medical lighting, and plant growth lighting.

Advantages:
1. Energy Savings: Reduce energy consumption and costs.
2. Longer Lifespan: Minimize replacement and maintenance.
3. Design Flexibility: LEDs can be designed to fit various applications.
4. Environmentally Friendly: Reduce carbon footprint and toxic waste.

Disadvantages:
1. Higher Upfront Cost: LEDs are often more expensive than traditional lighting.
2. Colour Temperature: LEDs can have a cool, bluish tone.
3. Dimming Issues: LEDs can be sensitive to dimming systems.

Overall, LEDs offer numerous benefits, including energy efficiency, long lifespan, and
design flexibility, making them a popular choice for various applications.

Fig.4.2.3.1 LED Internal structure

K.S.R.M College of Engineering, Dept., Of E.C.E

 4.2.4 Resistors (220 ohm,1K ohm):
Resistors are electrical components that oppose the flow of electric current.
They are used to regulate voltage, current, and power in electronic circuits. Here's a
comprehensive overview:

Functions:
1. Voltage Division: Reduce voltage levels in a circuit.
2. Current Limiting: Limit the amount of current flowing through a circuit.
3. Power Dissipation: Absorb excess energy in a circuit.
4. Signal Attenuation: Reduce the amplitude of a signal.

Types of Resistors:
1. Fixed Resistors: Have a constant resistance value.
2. Variable Resistors: Can be adjusted to change their resistance value.
3. Power Resistors: Designed to handle high power levels.
4. Precision Resistors: Have a high accuracy and low tolerance.
5. Thermistors: Change resistance in response to temperature changes.
6. Photoresistors: Change resistance in response to light.

Resistance Values:
1. Ohms (Ω): Unit of measurement for resistance.
2. Tolerance: Percentage of acceptable deviation from the nominal value.
3. Power Rating (W): Maximum power a resistor can handle.

Colour Coding:
1. 4-Band Code: Used for resistors with a tolerance of ±5% or ±10%.
2. 5-Band Code: Used for resistors with a tolerance of ±1% or ±2%.

Resistor Materials:
1. Carbon Film: Common material for general-purpose resistors.
2. Metal Film: Used for precision and high-power resistors.
3. Wire wound: Used for high-power and high-current resistors.

Applications:
1. Voltage Regulators: Regulate voltage levels in power supplies.
2. Audio Equipment: Control signal levels and tone.
3. Sensing Circuits: Measure temperature, light, and other parameters.
4. Protection Circuits: Protect against overcurrent and overvoltage.

When working with resistors, it's essential to consider factors like power rating,
tolerance, and temperature coefficient to ensure proper circuit operation.

K.S.R.M College of Engineering, Dept., Of E.C.E

 Fig.4.2.4.1 Resistors
4.2.5 Servo Motor:
A servo motor is a type of motor that uses a feedback mechanism to precisely
control its rotation or position. Here's a comprehensive overview:

Key Characteristics:
1. Precise Positioning: Servo motors can rotate to a specific angle or position and hold it.
2. High Torque: Servo motors provide high torque at low speeds.
3. Fast Response: Servo motors respond quickly to changes in input signals.
4. Low Speed: Servo motors typically operate at low speeds.

Components:
1. Motor: The actual motor that rotates.
2. Gearbox: Reduces speed and increases torque.
3. Encoder: Provides feedback on motor position.
4. Controller: Processes input signals and controls motor movement.

Types of Servo Motors:

1. DC Servo Motors: Use a DC power source.
2. AC Servo Motors: Use an AC power source.
3. Brushless Servo Motors: Use a brushless design for high efficiency.
4. Stepper Servo Motors: Use a stepper motor design for precise positioning.

Applications:
1. Robotics: Servo motors are widely used in robotics for precise movement.
2. CNC Machines: Servo motors control movement in CNC machines.
3. Automotive Systems: Servo motors are used in power steering, brakes, and
transmission systems.
4. Aerospace Systems: Servo motors are used in aircraft and spacecraft for precise control.

K.S.R.M College of Engineering, Dept., Of E.C.E

Advantages:
1. High Precision: Servo motors provide precise positioning and control.
2. Reliability: Servo motors are reliable and durable.
3. Flexibility: Servo motors can be used in a wide range of applications.

Disadvantages:
1. High Cost: Servo motors are more expensive than other types of motors.
2. Complexity: Servo motors require complex control systems.

When selecting a servo motor, consider factors like torque, speed, precision, and power
requirements to ensure the right motor for your application.

Fig.4.2.5.1 construction of servo motor

4.2.6 MQ2 sensor:

The MQ2 sensor is a gas sensor that detects the presence of flammable gases,
such as:
1. LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas)
2. Natural Gas
3. Methane
4. Propane
5. Hydrogen

How it works:
1. Heating Element: The sensor has a built-in heating element that raises the temperature
of the sensing material.
2. Sensing Material: The sensing material is a tin dioxide (SnO2) semiconductor that
changes its electrical conductivity when exposed to flammable gases.
3. Electrical Conductivity: When the sensor detects a flammable gas, the electrical
conductivity of the sensing material increases.

K.S.R.M College of Engineering, Dept., Of E.C.E

4. Output Signal: The sensor produces an analog output signal that corresponds to the gas
concentration.

Characteristics:
1. High Sensitivity: The MQ2 sensor is highly sensitive to flammable gases.
2. Fast Response Time: The sensor responds quickly to changes in gas concentrations.
3. Low Power Consumption: The sensor consumes low power, making it suitable for
battery-powered devices.
4. Simple Circuitry: The sensor has simple circuitry and can be easily integrated into
electronic projects.

Applications:
1. Gas Leak Detection: The MQ2 sensor is widely used for detecting gas leaks in residential
and industrial settings.
2. Home Security Systems: The sensor can be integrated into home security systems to
detect gas leaks and alert authorities.
3. Industrial Safety: The sensor is used in industrial settings to detect gas leaks and
prevent accidents.
4. Air Quality Monitoring: The sensor can be used to monitor air quality and detect the
presence of flammable gases.

Precautions:
1. Handling: Handle the sensor with care to avoid damaging the sensing material.
2. Calibration: Calibrate the sensor regularly to ensure accurate readings.
3. Environmental Factors: The sensor's accuracy can be affected by environmental factors
like temperature and humidity.

By understanding the MQ2 sensor's characteristics and applications, you can effectively
integrate it into your projects and ensure accurate gas detection.

Fig.4.2.6.1 MQ2 Gas Sensor

K.S.R.M College of Engineering, Dept., Of E.C.E

 4.2.7 Piezo Buzzer:
A piezo buzzer is a type of buzzer that uses piezoelectric materials to produce
sound. Here's a detailed explanation:

How it works:
1. Piezoelectric Material: The piezo buzzer contains a piezoelectric material, such as
ceramic or crystal, that changes shape when an electric current is applied.
2. Electric Field: When an electric current is applied, an electric field is created across the
piezoelectric material.
3. Mechanical Stress: The electric field causes mechanical stress in the material, leading
to a change in its shape.
4. Sound Waves: The change in shape creates sound waves, which are emitted through the
buzzer's surface.

Characteristics:
1. High Frequency: Piezobuzzers can produce high-frequency sound waves, typically in
the range of 1-5 kHz.
2. Low Power Consumption: Piezobuzzers consume very low power, making them
suitable for battery-powered devices.
3. Small Size: Piezobuzzers are typically small and compact, making them easy to
integrate into devices.
4. Durability: Piezobuzzers are resistant to mechanical stress and can withstand harsh
environments.

Applications:
1. Electronic Devices: Piezobuzzers are used in various electronic devices, such as alarm
clocks, timers, and notification systems.
2. Medical Devices: Piezobuzzers are used in medical devices, such as heart rate monitors
and ventilators.
3. Industrial Automation: Piezobuzzers are used in industrial settings to signal equipment
status or alerts.

Fig.4.2.7.1 piezo

K.S.R.M College of Engineering, Dept., Of E.C.E

4.3 Software Used:
Tinkercad is a free, web-based 3D modeling and design software that allows users
to create and print 3D objects. Here's an overview:

Key Features:
1. Simple and Intuitive Interface: Easy to use, even for beginners.
2. 3D Modeling: Create 3D objects from scratch or modify existing models.
3. Shape Generators: Use pre-built shapes to create complex designs.
4. Hole and Cut Tools: Create holes and cutouts in objects.
5. Export Options: Export designs as STL, OBJ, or SVG files for 3D printing or other uses.

Capabilities:
1. 3D Printing: Design objects for 3D printing, including support for various printing
technologies.
2. CAD Design: Create precise, technical designs for engineering and architecture
applications.
3. Prototyping: Rapidly create and test prototypes for product design and development.
4. Education: Teach 3D design and printing concepts in the classroom.

Benefits:
1. Easy to Learn: Great for beginners and students.
2. Free and Web-Based: Accessible from anywhere, without software installation.
3. Community Support: Active community and forums for help and resources.
4. Constant Updates: Regular updates with new features and improvements.

Limitations:
1. Limited Advanced Features: Not suitable for complex, high-precision designs.
2. Limited Export Options: Limited file formats for export compared to other software.
3. Dependence on Internet Connection: Requires a stable internet connection to work.

K.S.R.M College of Engineering, Dept., Of E.C.E

Uses:
1. Hobbyists and Makers: Create 3D prints for personal projects and prototypes.
2. Students and Educators: Teach and learn 3D design and printing concepts.
3. Product Designers and Engineers: Rapidly prototype and test product designs.
4. Artists and Designers: Create complex 3D models for artistic and creative purposes.

In summary, Tinkercad is a user-friendly, web-based 3D modeling software ideal for

beginners, hobbyists, and educators, offering a range of features and capabilities for 3D
design and printing.

Fig.4.3.1 Tinkercad software logo

4.4 circuit Setup:

4.4.1 Connections:

Fig.4.4.1.1 Circuit Connections

K.S.R.M College of Engineering, Dept., Of E.C.E

 4.4.2 Code:
#include <Servo.h>
Servo myservo;
#define ledR2 5
#define ledR1 4
#define ledY2 3
#define ledY1 2
#define ledG1 1
#define gas A0
#define buzzer 8
#define serv 9
void setup()
{
pinMode(ledR1, OUTPUT);
pinMode(ledR2, OUTPUT);
pinMode(ledY1, OUTPUT);
pinMode(ledY2, OUTPUT);
pinMode(ledG1, OUTPUT);
pinMode(buzzer,OUTPUT);
myservo.attach(serv);
pinMode(gas, INPUT);
Serial.begin(9600);
}
void loop()
{
int read= analogRead(gas);
int val= map(read,80,380,0,100);
Serial.println(val);
int servo= map(read,80,380,0,180);
myservo.write(servo);

K.S.R.M College of Engineering, Dept., Of E.C.E

 digitalWrite(ledG1, HIGH);
if(val>=20 && val<40){
digitalWrite(ledY1,HIGH);
}
if(val>=40 && val<60){
digitalWrite(ledY2,HIGH);
}
if(val>=60 && val<80){
digitalWrite(ledR1,HIGH);
}
if(val>=80){
digitalWrite(ledG1, HIGH);
digitalWrite(ledY1, HIGH);
digitalWrite(ledY2, HIGH);
digitalWrite(ledR1, HIGH);
digitalWrite(ledR2, HIGH);
delay(500);
digitalWrite(ledG1, LOW);
digitalWrite(ledY1, LOW);
digitalWrite(ledY2, LOW);
digitalWrite(ledR1, LOW);
digitalWrite(ledR2, LOW);
delay(1000);
tone(buzzer,1000,500); // function that allows you to set the frequency and duration
of the buzzer
}
if (val<80){
noTone(buzzer);
}
}

K.S.R.M College of Engineering, Dept., Of E.C.E

4.4.3 Working and Outcomes:
CASE 1:
In the initial stage of stimulation, the ledG1 will HIGH accordingly as per the given
initial conditions. It indicates the active state of the design as well as activation of servo
motor.

CASE 2:
In second case we activate virtual gas as a black colour gas by double clicking on the
MQ2 sensor. We drag slowly that gas near to the sensor when it reaches the condition
value>=20 and value<40 the ledY1 will glow and servo motor rotates 45 degrees.

K.S.R.M College of Engineering, Dept., Of E.C.E

CASE 3:
In third case we drag gas some more distance towards the MQ2 sensor it satisfies
the condition value>=40 and value<60 the ledY2 will glow and the servo motor rotates
another 45 degrees as shown in the adjacent figure.

CASE 4:
In this case again we drag the gas towards the sensor then it reaches the condition
value<=60 and value>80 the ledR1 will glow and the servo motor rotates the and other
45 degrees. As shown in the beside figure.

K.S.R.M College of Engineering, Dept., Of E.C.E

CASE 5:
In this case we interface the gas with the MQ2 sensor then it reaches the condition
value>80 ledR2 will glow and all led’s will blinks as well as the buzzer makes sound as
per the given range of frequency and the servo motor rotates total 180 degrees to close
the door after removal of gas it rotates back again to the it’s initial.

K.S.R.M College of Engineering, Dept., Of E.C.E

CHAPTER 5: FUTURE SCOPE &
CONCLUSION

K.S.R.M College of Engineering, Dept., Of E.C.E

5.1 Future scope:
The future scope for smart door systems with alcohol sensors is vast and promising, with
potential developments and applications in:
1. Advanced Sensors: Integration of more accurate and sensitive sensors to detect alcohol
levels and other substances.
2. AI and Machine Learning: Incorporation of AI and machine learning algorithms to
analyze data, predict behavior, and enhance system performance.
3. IoT Connectivity: Seamless integration with IoT devices and smart home systems for
enhanced automation and control.
4. Biometric Integration: Combination with biometric authentication methods, like facial
recognition or fingerprint scanning, for added security.
5. Customization and Personalization: Development of personalized settings and alerts
based on individual user preferences and needs.
6. Expanded Applications: Exploration of new applications in various industries, such as
healthcare, transportation, and education.
7. Enhanced User Experience: Improved user interface and user experience through
mobile apps, voice assistants, and intuitive controls.
8. Data Analytics: In-depth data analysis to provide insights on alcohol consumption
patterns, helping individuals and organizations make informed decisions.
9. Regulatory Compliance: Integration with regulatory requirements and standards for
alcohol detection and monitoring.
10. Wider Accessibility: Increased affordability and availability, making smart door
systems with alcohol sensors more accessible to a broader audience.
As technology advances, smart door systems with alcohol sensors will become more
sophisticated, accurate, and user-friendly, leading to increased adoption and innovative
applications.

K.S.R.M College of Engineering, Dept., Of E.C.E

5.2 Conclusion:
In conclusion, the smart door system with alcohol sensor is an innovative solution that
combines advanced technology with practical applications to enhance safety, security, and
responsibility. By detecting alcohol presence and controlling access, this system has far-
reaching potential in various industries and settings.
Key takeaways:
- Effective alcohol detection and monitoring
- Enhanced safety and security
- Promotes responsible behavior
- Versatile applications across industries
- Potential for integration with AI, IoT, and biometrics
- Future developments focused on accuracy, customization, and accessibility
The smart door system with alcohol sensor is a pioneering technology that addresses
real-world challenges, making it an attractive solution for:
- Businesses prioritizing employee and customer safety
- Individuals seeking to monitor and control alcohol consumption
- Organizations focused on regulatory compliance and risk management
As this technology continues to evolve, we can expect to see increased adoption,
innovative applications, and improved outcomes in various aspects of our lives.

K.S.R.M College of Engineering, Dept., Of E.C.E

Bibliography
Books:
1. "Embedded Systems: Real-Time Operating System for ARM Cortex-M Microcontrollers"
by Jonathan W. Valvano (2017)
2. "The Art of Electronics" by Paul Horowitz and Winfield Hill (2015)
3. "Microcontrollers and Embedded Systems: Using Arduino and Raspberry Pi" by
Muhammad Ali Mazidi (2019)
Articles:
1. "Alcohol Detection Using MQ-3 Sensor" by S. S. Iyengar et al., International Journal of
Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering (2017)
2. "Automatic Door System Using Arduino and Sensors" by A. K. Singh et al., International
Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science, Engineering and Information
Technology (2018)
3. "Embedded Systems for IoT Applications" by J. Y. Khan et al., IEEE Internet of Things
Journal (2019)
Reports:
1. "Embedded Systems Market Report" by MarketsandMarkets (2020)
2. "Alcohol Detection Sensor Market Report" by Grand View Research (2022)
3. "APSSDC Summer Internship Report" by Andhra Pradesh State Skill Development
Corporation (2022)
Online Resources:
1. Arduino Official Website: https://www.arduino.cc/
2. Raspberry Pi Official Website: https://www.raspberrypi.org/
3. MQ-3 Sensor Datasheet: https://www.sparkfun.com/datasheets/Sensors/MQ-3.pdf
Research Papers:

K.S.R.M College of Engineering, Dept., Of E.C.E

1. "Design and Implementation of Automatic Door System Using Embedded Systems" by
A. Kumar et al., International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering and
Technology (2019)
2. "Alcohol Detection and Warning System Using Embedded Systems" by S. S. Rao et al.,
International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software
Engineering (2018)

K.S.R.M College of Engineering, Dept., Of E.C.E