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Contribution of Indians in The Field of Science and Technology

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70 views

Contribution of Indians in The Field of Science and Technology

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rajatgour500
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© © All Rights Reserved
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CONTRIBUTION OF INDIANS IN THE

FIELD OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY


C.V.RAMAN
"I strongly believe that fundamental science cannot be driven by instructional, industrial and
government or military pressures. This was the reason why I decided, as far as possible, not to accept
money from the government."
Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman
Was born at Tiruchirappalli
His earliest researches in optics and acoustics – the two fields of investigation to which he has
dedicated his entire career – were carried out while he was a student.

Raman contribution in the field of science


Discovery of the Raman effect
1. The Raman Effect is a phenomenon in physics named after Indian physicist Sir C. V. Raman,
who discovered it in 1928.
2. It is a scattering phenomenon that occurs when light interacts with matter, leading to a shift in
the frequency (or wavelength) of the incident light.
3. This shift in frequency is known as the Raman shift, and it provides valuable information about
the molecular and atomic structure of the material being studied
4. The Raman Effect is used extensively in various fields, including chemistry, physics, materials
science, and biology, for analyzing the molecular composition, structure, and dynamics of
substances.
5. It is particularly useful for studying molecules that are difficult to crystallize or are present in
low concentrations.
Raman’s contributions:
1. Proved Quantum nature of light: The scattering of light due to Raman Effect further gave
evidence regarding the quantum nature of light.
2. Discovery came from the developing world: An Indian discovering an important nature of
light was a milestone for the nation and its science
3. Work on Acoustics: CV Raman also contributed to the field of acoustics. He was the first to
study harmonic nature of the sound of Indian drums - tabla and mridangam.
How does India remember C V Raman’s contribution?
In India, every year, since 1998, 28th February is celebrated as National Science Day to mark the
discovery of the Raman Effect

JAGADISH CHANDRA BOSE

Sir Jagadish Chandra Bose was a pioneering Indian scientist with significant contributions to the
fields of physics, biology, and botany.
Bose was the first to study the action of microwaves in plant tissues and the changes in the plant cell
membrane potential. Through this study, he proved that plants are sensitive to pain and affection
His key contributions to Indian science:
1. Research on Radio Waves and Microwaves: Jagadish Chandra Bose is credited with
conducting groundbreaking research in the late 19th and early 20th centuries on the
properties of radio waves and microwaves
2. Crescograph: Bose invented a device called the "crescograph," which was designed to
measure plant growth and respond to stimuli.
3. Research on Plant Life: Bose's studies on plant life extended beyond his inventions. He
conducted extensive research on the responses of plants to different environmental stimuli.
4. He is even given the credit to be the first to successfully use microwaves as radio signals
SRINIVAS RAMANUJAN
“An equation means nothing to me unless it expresses a thought of God”.
Srinivasa Ramanujan was a brilliant Indian mathematician who made significant contributions to
various areas of mathematics, particularly in the field of number theory.
Some of his notable contributions include:
1. Ramanujan-Hardy Partition Formula : He developed a formula for representing the number
of ways a positive integer can be partitioned into distinct parts.
2. Ramanujan Prime and Highly Composite Numbers:
3. Ramanujan-Soldner Constant : It represents the limiting value of the sum of natural
logarithms of positive integers, and it appears in various mathematical contexts, including
calculus and number theory.
4. Mock Theta Functions
5. Unsolved Problems: Ramanujan left behind numerous notebooks containing conjectures,
formulas, and results that continue to challenge and inspire mathematicians to this day.
Ramanujan’s home state of Tamil Nadu celebrates 22 December as ‘State IT Day’, memorialising both
the man and his achievements, as a native of Tamil Nadu.
Ramanujan compiled around 3,900 results consisting of equations and identities.
DR VIKRAM SARABHAI

1. Dr. Vikram Sarabhai was an eminent Indian scientist, visionary, and the founding father of the
Indian space program. His contributions to science, technology, and societal development
were instrumental in shaping modern India.
2. Vikram Sarabhai was born on 12 August 1919 in the city of Ahmedabad in Gujarat India.
3. He is the father of India's space programme.
4. He was the founder of Physical Research Laboratory (PRL) in Ahmedabad in November 1947.
5. Sarabhai was the second chairman of India's Atomic Energy Commission and the Indian Space
Research Organization (ISRO).
6. The establishment of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) was one of his greatest
achievements.
7. As a result of Dr. Sarabhai's dialogue with NASA in 1966, the Satellite Instructional Television
Experiment (SITE) was launched during July 1975-July 1976 even when Dr. Sarabhai was no
more.
Some of his notable contributions:
1. Founding the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO): One of Dr. Sarabhai's most
significant contributions was the establishment of ISRO in 1969.
2. Founding the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO): One of Dr. Sarabhai's most
significant contributions was the establishment of ISRO in 1969.
3. Development of Satellite Communication : He played a key role in the development of the
Satellite Instructional Television Experiment (SITE) and INSAT series of satellites, which
revolutionized communication and broadcasting in India
4. Promotion of Science Education: He established various institutions to promote science
education and research, including the Physical Research Laboratory (PRL)
DR. A.P.J. ABDUL KALAM

He was born on 15th October 1931 at Rameswaram in Tamil Nadu,


Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, also known as the "Missile Man of India," was a renowned Indian scientist,
aerospace engineer, and the 11th President of India. He made significant contributions to science,
technology, and education, and he remains an inspirational figure for people all around the world.

Here are some of his notable contributions:


1. Space and Defense Research : He was a key figure in the development of India's first satellite
launch vehicle (SLV-III) and was intimately involved in the successful launch of the satellite
Rohini-1.
2. Development of Ballistic Missile Technology: He was a driving force behind projects like the
Agni and Prithvi missiles, which significantly enhanced India's strategic capabilities.
3. Integrated Guided Missile Development Program (IGMDP): Dr. Kalam played a crucial role
in conceptualizing and implementing the IGMDP, which aimed to develop a range of missile
systems for defense purposes. This program led to the successful development of missiles like
Agni, Prithvi, Trishul, and Akash.
4. Nuclear Tests and Pokhran-II: Dr. Kalam played a vital role in India's nuclear weapons tests,
codenamed Pokhran-II, in 1998. He provided leadership and technical guidance during the
tests, which established India as a nuclear power.
5. Rashtrapati Bhavan and People's President: Dr. Kalam served as the President of India from
2002 to 2007. During his tenure, he continued to promote education, science, and technology.
He endeavored to make the presidency more accessible to the common people and traveled
extensively to engage with citizens, especially students.
1. Dr. A.P.J Abdul Kalam, specialized in Aeronautical Engineering from Madras Institute of
Technology. He worked as an aeronautical engineer with DRDO and ISRO
2. He was responsible for the evolution of ISRO's launch vehicle programme, particularly the
PSLV configuration
3. Dr. Kalam took up the responsibility of developing Indigenous Guided Missiles at Defence
Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) as the Chief Executive of Integrated Guided
Missile Development Programme (IGMDP).
4. Dr. Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam, was the 11th President of India, serving from 2002 to
2007.

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