DIVISION OF

HORTICULTURE
 1. Pomology

It is derived from two Latin words i.e., Pomum meaning fruit

and Logos meaning discourse or study. Therefore, pomology is
study or cultivation of fruit crops such as Mango, Lychee,
Citrus, Sapota (Chico), Guava, Grape, Banana, Pineapple, Apple,
Pear, Peach, Plum and Cherry etc.
2. Olericulture
It is derived from two words i.e., Oleris
me an i n g p o t h e r b a n d C u l t r a m e a n i n g
cultivation. Therefore, olericulture literally
means potherb cultivation of Okra, Tomato,
Capsicum, Peas, Beans, Cucurbits etc.
3. Floriculture
It is derived from two words i.e., Florus meaning
flower and Cultra meaning cultivation. Therefore,
floriculture means study of flower crops such as
Rose, Jasmine, Carnation, Aster, Marigold, Dahlia,
Zinnia, Cosmos, Hibiscus, Balsam, Poinsettia,
Hollyhock, Gerbera, and Gaillardia etc.
4. Landscape
Gardening

It deals with the planning and

execution of ornamental
gardens, parks, landscape
gardens etc.
5. Post-harvest
technology
It deals with the processing and
preservation of produce of horticulture
crops
6. Plantation crops
These crops are cultivated in
an extensive scale in large
contiguous areas, owned and
managed by an individual or a
company and whose produce
is utilized only after
processing.

Coffee, Tea, Rubber, Coconut,

Cocoa, etc. are some of the
important plantation crops.
 7. Spices and
condiments
This branch deals with the cultivation of crops whose produce is used mainly for
seasoning and flavouring dishes.

i. Spices: These are those plants ii. Condiments: These are those
the products of which oils are plants the products of which are
made use of as food adjuncts to made use of as food adjuncts to
add aroma and flavour. For add taste only. For example,
Turmeric, Ginger, Red chilies,
example, Pepper, Cardamom,
Onion, Garlic etc.
Clove, Cinnamon, etc.
 8. Medicinal and
aromatic plants
It deals with the cultivation of medicinal plants, which provide drugs and
aromatic crops which yields aromatic (essential) oils.

i.Medicinal plants: These plants are rich in ii.Aromatic plants: These plants
secondary metabolites and are potential
possess essential in them. The
sources of drugs. The secondary
essential oils are the odoriferous
metabolites include alkaloids, glycosides,
steam volatile constituents of
coumarins, flavonoids and steroids etc.
aromatic plants. Lemon grass,
Important medicinal plants are Periwinkle,
Sambong, Lagundi, Oregano, Dioscorea Citronella, Palmrosa, Vetiver,
Yam, Niyog-niyogan, etc. Geranium, Davanam, Lavendor etc.
are some of the aromatic plants.
 Importance of
Horticulture
Economic Contributions Economic
Empowerment
Food Security
Export Revenue Income Generation
Employment Generation Diversification
Industrial Raw Materials Employment Opportunities
Land Utilization
Rural Development
 Importance of
Horticulture
Food Security and
Environmental
Nutrition
Benefits

Improved Diet Soil Conservation

Food Self-Sufficiency Biodiversity
 Importance of
Horticulture
Challenges Opportunities

Climate Change
Market Access
Pests and Diseases Technology Adoption
Limited Access to
Markets
Lack of Technology
Climate Change
 Importance of
Horticulture
Possible Solution Specific Examples

• Improving market access through the Banana Production

development of agricultural value Mango Industry
chains.
• Providing technical assistance and
Floriculture (Roses)
training to farmers. Coconut Production
• Investing in research and
development to address climate
change challenges.
• Supporting cooperatives to
strengthen farmers' bargaining power.
 TOP PROVINCES PRODUCING DIFFERENT CROPS
IN THE PHILIPPINES 2022

• Ilocos Region: Mung bean/mongo - 8 thousand metric tons, 38 % .

• Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR): Potato- 13 thousand
metric tons, 87%.
• CAR: Cabbage production - 19 thousand metric tons or 78%.
• Ilocos Region: Eggplant production - 65 thousand metric tons, 61%.
• Ilocos Region: Tomato production - 24 thousand metric tons, 34%.
• Central Luzon: Ampalaya fruit - 13 thousand metric tons, 43%.
• MIMAROPA Region: Onion - 56 thousand metric tons, 68%.
• Bicol Region: Sweet Potato - 49 thousand metric tons,30%.
• Northern Mindanao: Cassava production - 265 thousand metric
tons, 38%.
 TOP PROVINCES PRODUCING DIFFERENT CROPS
IN THE PHILIPPINES 2022

Luzon
• Ilocandia region of Luzon - rice, corn, garlic, onion, sugar, cotton, tobacco,
vegetables, root crops, cassava
• Pangasinan - corn, tobacco, garlic, sugarcane, salt, cassava
• Pampanga - rice and sugarcane, banana, mango, eggplant
• Bicolandia - Rice, corn, coconut, abaca, root crops, copra, and banana
• Tagalog region of Luzon - banana, mango, rice, sweet potato, coconut, corn,
eggplant, citrus, garlic, onion, kalamansi, root crops, vegetables, fruit trees, copra,
rice, rice, sugar, citrus, lanzones, palay, coffee, cacao.
• Eastern portion of Luzon - Rice, corn, root crops, vegetables and fruits, tobacco
• Central region of Luzon - rice, corn, root crops, coffee, tobacco, coconut, white
potatoes
• Baguio - beans, peas, strawberries, cabbage, lettuce, carrots, cotton, vegetables,
bananas
TOP PROVINCES PRODUCING DIFFERENT CROPS
IN THE PHILIPPINES 2022

Islands South of Luzon

• Mindoro - rice, coconut, peanut, abaca, corn,
citrus
• Marinduque - rice and coconut
• Romblon - abaca, copra
• Palawan - palay, corn, coconut
TOP PROVINCES PRODUCING DIFFERENT CROPS
IN THE PHILIPPINES 2022

Visayas
• Samar - coconut, rice, corn, abaca, cacao, tobacco, root
crops
• Cebu - coconut, sugarcane, abaca, bananas, tobacco, root
crops
• Siquijor - coconut, rice, cassava, peanuts, abaca, tobacco
• Negros – Sugarcane
TOP PROVINCES PRODUCING DIFFERENT CROPS
IN THE PHILIPPINES 2022

Mindanao
• Davao City – Durian
• Northern Mindanao – Cassava, sweet potato, corn,
pineapple, banana
Session Quiz
Prepare 1/4 sheet of paper
 Historical Transitions Relative to Horticulture

1.Pre-Colonial Period
• Subsistence Horticulture: Horticulture practices were
primarily for subsistence, focusing on providing food for
the family.
• Indigenous Crops: Indigenous crops like rice, coconut,
banana, and various root crops were cultivated.
• Traditional Knowledge: Filipinos possessed deep
knowledge of plant varieties, cultivation techniques, and
ecological balance.
 Historical Transitions Relative to Horticulture

2. Spanish Colonial Period

• Introduction of New Crops: The Spaniards brought new
crops like mango, citrus, papaya, and chilies, diversifying
the horticultural landscape.
• Estate Agriculture: Large landholdings emerged, leading to
commercial production of certain crops for export.
• Religious Influences: The introduction of Catholicism
influenced dietary habits, leading to increased demand for
specific fruits and vegetables.
 Historical Transitions Relative to Horticulture

3. American Colonial Period

• Modernization of Agriculture: The Americans introduced modern
agricultural practices, including improved varieties, fertilizers, and
irrigation systems.
• Export-Oriented Horticulture: The focus shifted towards
commercial production for export markets, especially tropical fruits
and ornamental plants.
• Infrastructure Development: Improved transportation and
communication facilitated the growth of the horticulture industry.
 Historical Transitions Relative to Horticulture

4. Post-World War II
• Recovery and Growth: The horticulture sector recovered
from the war and continued to expand.
• Government Support: The government played a more
active role in supporting the industry through research,
extension services, and infrastructure development.
• Export Boom: The Philippines became a major exporter of
tropical fruits, flowers, and high-value crops.
 Historical Transitions Relative to Horticulture

5. Contemporary Period
• Challenges and Opportunities: The sector faces challenges
like climate change, pests, and diseases, but also
opportunities in niche markets and organic production.
• Technology Integration: The use of technology, such as
hydroponics and tissue culture, is increasing.
• Market-Driven Production: The focus is on producing high-
value crops with strong market demand.
Father of Horticulture in
the Philippines
Dr. Ramon C. Barba is recognized for his significant
contributions to Philippine Agriculture through horticulture.

• Process that caused the flowering and fruiting of mango.

• Tissue culture of many horticultural
T crops, bananas,
cassava, and sugarcane among others.
• Became National Scientist in 2013 for his “distinguished
achievements in the field of plant physiology, focusing
on induction of flowering of mango and on micro
propagation of important crop species.”
Session Quiz
Prepare 1/4 sheet of paper
 REVIEW ON
PLANT ANATOMY
 Plant anatomy is the scientific study of the internal
structure of plants. It delves into the intricate details of
plant tissues, cells, and their arrangement to understand
how plants function.
1.
1.Plant Organs
Plants are multicellular organisms with distinct organs that work together to perform vital
functions.
a.Roots: The underground organs responsible for anchoring the plant, absorbing water and
nutrients from the soil, and storing carbohydrates.
b.Stems: The supporting structures that transport water, nutrients, and manufactured food
throughout the plant. They also hold leaves aloft and bear flowers and fruits.
c.Leaves: The flattened, green organs primarily responsible for photosynthesis, the process by
which plants capture sunlight and convert it into energy.
d.Flowers: The reproductive organs that produce seeds. They contain structures like sepals,
petals, stamens (male reproductive organs), and pistils (female reproductive organs).
e.Fruits: The ripened ovaries of flowering plants that contain seeds. Their primary function is seed
dispersal.
 Plant anatomy is the scientific study of the internal
structure of plants. It delves into the intricate details of
plant tissues, cells, and their arrangement to understand
how plants function.
2.
2. Plant Cells
1. Cell Membrane (Plasma Membrane)
• Function: A protective barrier that controls the passage of substances into and out of the cell.
2. Cytoplasm
• Function: A gel-like substance that fills the cell and supports organelles.
3. Nucleus (in eukaryotic cells)
• Function: The control center of the cell, containing DNA (genetic material).
4. Mitochondria
• Function: The "powerhouse of the cell," responsible for energy production.
5. Ribosomes
• Function: Tiny structures that produce proteins.
 Plant anatomy is the scientific study of the internal
structure of plants. It delves into the intricate details of
plant tissues, cells, and their arrangement to understand
how plants function.
2.
6. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
• Function: A network of membranes involved in protein and lipid synthesis.
• Rough ER: Studded with ribosomes, involved in protein synthesis.
• Smooth ER: Lacks ribosomes, involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification.
7. Golgi Apparatus
• Function: Packages and distributes proteins and other molecules.
8. Lysosomes
• Function: Contain enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris.
9. Vacuoles (larger in plant cells)
• Function: Storage of water, food, and waste products.
10. Chloroplasts (in plant cells)
• Function: Convert light energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis.
 Plant anatomy is the scientific study of the internal
structure of plants. It delves into the intricate details of
plant tissues, cells, and their arrangement to understand
how plants function.
3.
Plant Tissue
1. Dermal Tissue
• Epidermis: The outermost layer of plant organs with primary growth, acting as a
protective barrier against water loss, pathogens, and physical damage. Stomata
can be found in this layer of leaf tissue.
• Periderm/Secondary Cortex: Replaces the epidermis in plants with secondary
growth, providing enhanced protection against environmental stresses and
injuries.
• Stomata: Tiny openings or pores in plant tissue that allow for gas exchange.
 Plant anatomy is the scientific study of the internal
structure of plants. It delves into the intricate details of
plant tissues, cells, and their arrangement to understand
how plants function.
3.
Plant Tissue
2. Ground Tissue
• Parenchyma tissue:Thin-walled, living cells with large vacuoles. Involved in
various functions including photosynthesis, storage, and wound healing. Found in
most parts of the plant, including leaves, stems, roots, and fruits.
• Collenchyma tissue: Thickened cell walls, elongated cells, living cells. Provides
support and flexibility to young plant organs. Primarily found in young stems,
petioles (leaf stalks), and leaf veins.
• Sclerenchyma tissue: Thick, lignified cell walls, dead cells at maturity. Provides
rigid support, and protection to the plant body. Commonly found in mature plant
parts, such as stems, roots, and seed coats.
 Plant anatomy is the scientific study of the internal
structure of plants. It delves into the intricate details of
plant tissues, cells, and their arrangement to understand
how plants function.
3.
Plant Tissue
3. Vascular Tissue
• Xylem: Dead cells with thick walls, vessels and tracheids. The plant's vascular
tissue responsible for transporting water and minerals from the roots to the rest
of the plant.
• Phloem: Living cells with sieve tubes and companion cells. The plant’s vascular
tissue that transports food (sugars) produced in the leaves to all parts of the
plant.
Thank You!
Any question?
Session Quiz
Prepare 1/4 sheet of paper